SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

India is placed 154 position in attention among 195 developing countries in

worldwide consistent with the National Health Policy a pair of017 aims to
boost public attention expenditure to 2.5% of GDP from current one.4% with quite simple
fraction of these resources going towards premier attention. it's still the most important
employment supply and a major piece of the socio-economic development of Republic of
India. Attention is very central to India’s progress. The expansion of health facilities has
been unbalanced Republic of India.

Automation in attention is Associate in Nursing rising field unknown to United States. In current
era, there's no time for children to target attention because it needs longer and work. In terms of
business, it's abundant profit. By introducing automation, time and stress is Automation in
attention is Associate in Nursing rising field unknown to United States. In current era, there's no
time for children to target attention because it needs longer and work. In terms of business, it's
abundant profit. By introducing automation, time and stress is reduced in Nurse/Monitoring
person. As we tend to are moving to a way forward for health care, we've got to save lots of
person health There are several disadvantages within the attention system like infection
management thanks to assessments of doctor, attack thanks to clot of Air embolism in flow of
blood in blood vessel fluid, medication errors thanks to surgery and clinic several. This project
helps to rectify those issues and hopes kids to target attention because its rising field that are
needed for the longer term.

Intravenous medical care is that the infusion of fluid substances directly into a vein blood vessel
merely means that ―within vein‖. IV system could also be wont to correct fluid imbalances, to
deliver machines, for transfusion or as fluid replacement to correct. This way is the fastest way to
deliver medicines or fluids. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor treatment through IV therapy.

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Our project is aimed in automating the intravenous fluid monitoring system using Arduino
Uno R3. IV volume and fluid level can be precisely controlled. Also human can contact the
system through Wi-Fi .In IV fluid monitoring system is failed to disconnect the drip system
to patient, Air-in line sensor will be activated. All most in all hospitals, assist/nurse is
responsible for monitoring the IV fluid level system. But unfortunately, the observer may
forget to change or stop the drip bottle at correct time due to their schedule. This may leads
to several problems to the patients. Our project is overcome for this critical situation. This
technology reduces the work of the observer.

As the population growth increases day by day, so the need for healthcare system is also
increases. It is essential thing for everyone in this world to take care of their health properly.
Maintaining patient’s safety is the top most priority to be given in all hospitals. Now days, many
automatic health monitoring devices are developed to ensure patients safety and to reduce the
stress of the doctors and nurses. Such device introduces a drastic change in medical field for
monitoring the patients’ health. IOT plays a major role in health monitoring system. IV period is
still a challenging issue. Intravenous therapy infuses liquid substances directly into a vein where
Intravenous y means "within vein". It is commonly referred to as a drip.
Whenever a drip is fed to any patient, he/she needs to be constantly monitored
by a nurse or any relatives. Most often due to negligence, inattentiveness, busy schedule and
more number of patients, the nurse may forget to change the drip bottle as soon as it is totally
consumed. Just after the drip finishes, blood rushes back to the drip bottle due to difference in
blood pressure and pressure inside the empty drip bottle. This may cause backflow of blood to
drip bottle from their vein. This result in the reduction of hemoglobin level of patients and may
also lead to death. Assure the safety of the patient during IV period is essential. Therefore; there
is a need of developing a drip level monitoring system which will reduce the patient’s
dependency on the nurses or caretakers to some extent. This can be achieved with the proposed
idea of IOT based smart system in hospitals where Arduino, Ultrasonic sensor, Wi-Fi Adapter
and Motor are used to make it.

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1.1OVERVIEW

All most in all hospital, an assist/nurse is responsible for monitoring the IV fluid level
continuously. But unfortunately during most of the time, the observer may forget to change the
drip bottle at correct time due to their busy schedule. This may leads to several problems to the
patients such as backflow of blood, blood loss etc. To overcome this critical situation, a low cost
IOT based automatic alerting and indicating device is proposed where Ultrasonic sensor is used
as a level sensor. It is based on the principle that the Ultrasonic sensor output voltage level
changes when intravenous fluid level is below certain limit. A comparator is used to
continuously compare the Ultrasonic output with predefined threshold. When the transceiver
output is negative then the Arduino controller identifies the fluid level is too low and it alerts the
observer by through a message and LCD at the control room indicates the room number of the
patient for quick recovery. Also a motor will attached to drip system to stop the drip when the
bottle became empty.

1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The pressure inside your vein at least temporarily overcame the pressure inside the IV, allowing
blood to back flow into the line. If you catch it quick enough, you can flush the line by cranking
up the flow of the IV fluid. However, that’s not always an option, as perhaps the fluid in the IV
is limited in how much you can handle at one time. For example, you can take normal saline
wide open. If potassium or Dobutamine is in the IV fluid, not nearly so much at one time. It also
is possible the blood isn’t noticed until it has started to clot and it just won’t flush

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

o Wireless Saline Bottle Level Indicator for Hospitals

D.Janani and et al., proposes ―Wireless Saline Bottle Level Indicator for Hospitals‖, In
this method Saline is a key ingredient as a part of intravenous solution that delivers water to
patients in hospitals and clinics. Professional nurses, doctors or the care takers of the patient are
responsible for the patient taking intravenous solutions. There is no such automated system that
helps to detect the critical level of saline. More over this paper also helps in controlling the
reverse flow of blood into the saline and is not restricted to just informing the care takers of the
critical level.

o A portable monitoring device of measuring drips rate by using an

intravenous (IV) set.

R.Vasuki and et al., proposes ―A portable monitoring device of measuring drips rate by
using an intravenous (IV) set‖. In this method the IV set is attached to the drips chamber. The
flow sensor is used to detect each drops of IV set. For each drop, the beam of light is broken at
each time and that is transmitted and received by IR sensor. This provides a change in sensor
output and comparator gives a pulse output for each drop. The drip rate is indicated using the
LCD with which the observer can identify the volume of fluid in IV set. If the device is not
sensed for 45 seconds it will give an alarm.

o Design and development of versatile saline flow rate measuring system and
GSM based remote monitoring device.

C.C.Gavimath and et al., proposes a method of ―Design and development of versatile

saline flow rate measuring system and GSM based remote monitoring device‖. In this device an
indigenously developed sensor is attached to the neck of the drips bottle. For every drop of the
saline, the signal conducting circuit produces one pulse. The signal conditioning circuit consists
of a multivibrator, comparator and phototransistor. The 8051 microcontroller is used to count the

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pulse in unit time. This will resemble the flow rate. Through GSM technology the information
about the flow rate is send to the observer’s mobile. The cost of this device is high.

o Design of family health monitoring system using wireless communication.

R.Aravind and et al., Proposed a paper, ―Design of family health monitoring system using
wireless communication‖. This is an ARM based embedded system through which the data of
the patient is transmitted and received via zigbee or RF transmitter and receiver. Then the
information is stored as database and send to GSM. The database consists of all the details about
the patient health conditions such as temperature, blood pressure and heartbeat by using visual
basics. This makes the residential people to check their health by themselves but computer
should need an IE. But it is not suitable for illiterate people for whom it is very difficult to
operate and understand.

o A remote drip infusion monitoring system employing Bluetooth

Hikaru Amanand et al., Proposed a paper, ―A remote drip infusion monitoring system

Employing Bluetooth‖, developed a remote drip infusion monitoring system for use in
hospitals. The system consists of several infusion monitoring devices and a central monitor.
The infusion monitoring device employing a Bluetooth module can detect the drip infusion
rate and an empty infusion solution bag, and then these data are sent to the central monitor
placed at the nurses' station via the Bluetooth. The central monitor receives the data from
several infusion monitoring devices and then displays graphically them. Therefore, the
developed system can monitor intensively the drip infusion situation of the several patients at
the nurses' station.

o Design of Medical Infusion Monitor and Protection System Based on

Wireless Communication Technology

Xinling Wen et al., Proposed a paper ―Design of Medical Infusion Monitor and Protection
System Based on Wireless Communication Technology‖, A medical infusion monitor and

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

protection system is designed based on technologies of photoelectric monitor, modulation

demodulation, single chip microprocessor (SCM), and wireless communication, etc. The
infusion signal is collected by infrared photoelectric conversion characteristic. SCM AT89C51
processes monitor data and control area infusion speed and controls wireless transceiver
nRF905 to constitute wireless communication system to transmit data. Through the serial
interface MAX487 connected main controller with each control node, upper PC can monitor
and control each node in real-time and renew control-schemes. Experiments shown that the rate
of infusion speed monitor error is less than 2 drop every minute, and stability time is faster,
which effectively completes intelligent infusion system monitor and alarm.

o A new drip infusion solution monitoring system with a free-flow detection

function
Hiromichi Mak et al., Proposed a paper ―A new drip infusion
solution monitoring system with a free-flow detection function‖, A new drip infusion solution
monitoring system has been developed for hospital and care facility use. The system detects
the fall of each drip chamber drop of fluid and also a free-flow situation. Three non-
contacting copper foil electrodes are used. The electrodes are wrapped around the infusion
supply polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube from the solution bag, the drip chamber, and the
infusion PVC tube from the drip chamber. Drip infusion fluids have electrical conductivity, so
a capacitor is formed between the infusion fluid and each electrode. A thirty kHz sine wave is
applied to the electrode wrapped around the infusion supply PVC tube from the solution bag.
The capacity-coupled signal on the drip chamber electrode is the transducer output. When an
infusion fluid drop is forming, its length and diameter, and therefore the drip chamber
capacitance, are increasing, causing change in the output signal. The drip chamber electrode
can detect the fall of each drip chamber drop of fluid. When the infusion solution becomes
free-flow, an infusion fluid drop is not forming and the infusion fluid flows continuously.
Therefore, the capacitance of the electrode around drip chamber does not change the output
signal. On the other hand, the electrode wrapped around the infusion supply polyvinyl
chloride tube under the drip chamber detects the thirty kHz sine wave conducted by the
infusion fluid. The drip chamber electrodes and the infusion supply PVC tube under the drip
chamber detect each drop of fluid and free-flow, respectively.

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o Automatic Intravenous Fluid Level Indication System for Hospitals

Priyadharshini.R et al., Proposed a paper ―Automatic

Intravenous Fluid Level Indication System for Hospitals‖, During recent years due to the
technological advancements many sophisticated techniques has been evolved for assuring
fast recovery of the patients in hospitals. For good patient care in hospitals, assessment and
management of patient’s fluid and electrolyte need is the most fundamental thing required.
All most in all hospital, an assist/nurse is responsible for monitoring the IV fluid level
continuously. But unfortunately during most of the time, the observer may forget to change
the saline bottle at correct time due to their busy schedule. This may leads to several
problems to the patients such as backflow of blood, blood loss etc. To overcome this critical
situation, a low cost RF based automatic alerting and indicating device is proposed where IR
sensor is used as a level sensor. It is based on the principle that the IR sensor output voltage
level changes when intravenous fluid level is below certain limit. A comparator is used to
continuously compare the IR output with predefined threshold. When the transceiver output
is negative then the Arduino controller identifies the fluid level is too low and it alerts the
observer by buzzer and LCD at the control room indicates the room number of the patient
for quick recovery.

o Intravenous Dehydration Relief in Paediatrics’

Bailey Flynn R et al., Proposed a paper ―Intravenous Dehydration Relief in
Paediatrics‖, Diarrhoea-induced dehydration is the second leading cause of death in children
less than five years old . Most of these deaths occur in the developing world. Severe
dehydration is treated with intravenous (IV) therapy. One risk of IV therapy is over-
hydration, which can to lead to severe complications and death. In the developed world,
infusion pumps are commonly used to regulate the delivery of IV therapy, but these
technologies are too expensive and complex for many hospitals in the developing world.
Paediatric wards in these hospitals lack sufficient financial, electrical, and staff resources to
monitor children undergoing IV therapy, often causing clinicians to forego treatment
entirely. We have developed IV DRIP—a simple, low-cost, mechanical automatic volume
regulator to deliver intravenous fluid in low-resource settings. The device consists of two

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levers; an IV bag hangs on the upper lever, while a counterweight hangs on the lower,
notched lever. The position of this counterweight dictates the volume of fluid dispensed.
When the target volume is delivered, the levers tip and kink the IV tubing, stopping fluid
flow and thus preventing over hydration. Tests have shown that IV DRIP can deliver fluid
volumes from 50 mL to 800 mL in 50 mL increments with 97.5% accuracy. Our device is
comprised of parts that cost under $80, whereas commercially available infusion pumps cost
$1000-$3500. IV DRIP is an affordable, accurate tool to help save the lives of hundreds of
thousands of children annually.

o A Survey on Automatic Flow Control in Drip

Arjun Udayan1 et al., Proposed a paper ―A Survey on Automatic
Flow Control in Drip‖, Patient tracking structures is the time period for all the numerous
gadgets that are used to supervise sufferers. One category of such devices is devices that
indicators if the affected person gets right into a critical state. In our proposed method
focuses on to monitor & initiate alert to doctors approximately the sufferers at some
points of glucose journey injections. In our proposed device it will done four main duties,
the flow of glucose will stopped, the float degree to be managed, while the liquid degree
underneath the brink cost will upward push alarm and intimate to corresponding
individual through wireless, then the any injections be applied means it is going to be
automatically injected depends on the time based totally. All the actions are controlled
through microcontrollers. And sensors are used to degree the price of liquid, and different
feature primarily based motor.

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CHAPTER 3
PROPOSED SYSTEM

Intravenous medical care could be a process within which the liquid substances
(medications) area unit directly entered into the vein through associate degree IV tube and
needle is inserted into the patients’ vein. Now days, several automatic
health observance devices area unit developed to confirm patients safety and to scale
back the strain of the doctors. These sterile solutions (sodium and dextrose) containing
necessary nutrients to support the human life that is injected into the patient’s body through
a tube connected to the needle. Because of lack of caring, several issues can arise like blood
loss, flow of blood through associate degree IV tube. to beat this example,
our planned system to develop the IV fluid observance system mechanically sends a
message to the nurse through GSM technology and automatically turned off the flow of a
liquid from the IV system by using the motor attached to the tube.

Fig1: Intravenous therapy

Drip level of the patient is continuously monitored and displayed on the display .This
technology reduces the work of the nurse instead of keep on watching of an IV fluid bag. In
the IV fluid system crossed the set point of the Arduino Uno R3, assist/nurse can get the
alert through SMS which will be received.

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Ultrasonic sensor

ARDUINO

UNO 3
ESP 8266

LCD
Display

3.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The main objective of our system is to develop the Intravenous drip monitoring system by using
Arduino controller. This project organizes:
 To achieve a low cost and safety healthcare in Intravenous drip system.
 To monitoring the fluid level by the sensor.
 To provide Ease of accessibility for observer/ Nurse.
 To ensure safety and health conditions by IV drip monitoring system.

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 Temperature sensor helps to detect the patient conditions exactly.

 Heartbeat sensor helps to detect the pulse rate of patient.

3.2ARCHITECHURE OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The automation circuit is built around the Arduino Uno R3. The pulse rate, temperature and the
liquid level of the patient is continuously monitored and displayed on the screen. According to
the pulse and blood pressure of the patient the flow of IV fluid is increases and decreases vice
versa. This technology reduces the work of the nurse instead of keep on watching of an IV fluid
bag. In the IV fluid system crossed the set point of the Arduino Uno R3, assist/nurse can get the
alert through SMS which will be received .

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Typical functions are

 Alert sending
 Display the patient conditions
.
This module use the control of both the electrical appliances and the digital notice board in
which the controller send the SMS, they were reached the predefined set value. The SMS
received by the nurse/assist number

liquid level of the patient is continuously monitored and displayed on the screen

3.4 SOFTWARE MODEL

Software model used is Waterfall Model. Waterfall Model is used when requirements are well
understood and risk is low. Work flow is in a linear process of project management. It is simple
and easy to understand, it is easy to manage due to rigidity of the model. In software
development , it tends to be among the less iterative and flexible approaches, as progress flows in
largely one direction through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction,
deployment and maintenance. Each phases has specific deliverables and a review process. In this
model phases are processed and completed one at a time. No phase begins until the prior phase is
complete.
Phases of waterfall model:
o Communication:
Involves communication among the user and other stakeholders, encompasses requirement
gathering.
o Planning:
Establishes a plan for software engineering work; addresses technical tasks, resources, work
products and work schedules.

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o Modelling :( Analyse, Design )

Encompasses the creation of models to better understand the requirement and the design.
o Construction :( Code, Test )
Combines code generation and testing to uncover errors.
o Deployment:
Involves delivery of software to the customer for evaluation and feedback.

3.5 OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

We consider certain hardware and software specifications while developing this project:
3.5.1Hardware Requirements:
 Arduino microcontroller
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform to-use hardware & software
easy. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on sensors, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and also it convert into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online. We can tell our board about what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the Arduino board. To do so you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.

Fig2: Arduino pin diagram

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 Ultrasonic sensor

Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. Sensor head emits
an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back from the target. Ultrasonic Sensors
measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between the emission and reception.
Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves at a frequency too high for humans to
hear.This is similar to how radar measures the time it takes a radio wave to return after hitting an
object.

Fig 3: Ultrasonic Sensor

 Wi-Fi Module

ESP8266 is Wi-Fi enabled system on chip (SoC) module developed by Espressif

system. It is mostly used for development of IoT (Internet of Things) embedded applications.
ESP8266 comes with capabilities of

 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n, supporting WPA/WPA2),

 general-purpose input/output (16 GPIO),
 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) serial communication protocol,

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 Analog-to-digital conversion (10-bit ADC)

 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) serial communication protocol,
 I²S (Inter-IC Sound) interfaces with DMA(Direct Memory Access) (sharing pins with
GPIO),
 UART (on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2), and
 Pulse-width modulation (PW M).

Fig 4: ESP8266 Wi-Fi module

 4GB RAM

4GB of RAM refers to the "short-term" memory of a computer, as opposed to the

hard drive which is "long-term" storage for files. If you're referring to this in regards to meeting
system requirements to run a game or program, then it means you need 4 Gigabytes of RAM to
run it.

 500GB Hard Disk

3.5.2Software Required

 Windows 10

It is a series of personal computer operating systems produced by Microsoft as part of its

Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the successor to Windows 8.1, and was

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released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and broadly released for retail sale on July
29, 2015.[9] Windows 10 receives new builds on an on-going basis, which are available
at no additional cost to users, in addition to additional test builds of Windows 10 which
are available to Windows Insiders. Devices in enterprise environments can receive these
updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that only receive critical
updates, such as security patches, over their ten-year lifespan of extended support.

 Arduino Ide

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application

(for Windows, mac OS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It is
used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help
of 3rd party cores, other vendor development boards

 Net bean Ide

Net Beans is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java. Net Beans allows
applications to be developed from a set of modular software components called modules.
Net Beans runs on Windows, macOS, Linux and Solaris. In addition to Java
development, it has extensions for other languages like PHP, C, C++, HTML5,[4] and
JavaScript. Applications based on Net Beans, including the Net Beans IDE, can be
extended by third party developers

 XAMPP

XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution

stack package developed by Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP
Server, MariaDB database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl
programming languages.

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3.5.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

 C Programming

C is a high-level and general-purpose programming language that is ideal for

developing firmware or portable applications. Originally intended for writing system
software, C was developed at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie for the Unix Operating
System in the early 1970s.

Ranked among the most widely used languages, C has a compiler for most computer
systems and has influenced many popular languages – notably C++.

 PHP

PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor (no, the acronym doesn't follow the name).
It's an open source, server-side, scripting language used for the development of web
applications. By scripting language, we mean a program that is script-based (lines of
code) written for the automation of tasks.

 HTML

HTML is short for Hypertext Mark-up Language. HTML is used to create electronic
documents (called pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web. Without HTML, a
browser would not know how to display text as elements or load images or other
elements.

 CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation of a document written in a mark-up language like HTML.The

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major purpose of CSS is for describing the presentation of Web pages, including colors,
layout, and fonts that allows to adapt the presentation to different types of devices, such
as large screens, small screens, or printers. CSS is independent of HTML and can be
used with any XML-based mark-up language

 Java Script

JavaScript ia text-based programming language used both on the client-side and server-
side that allows you to make web pages interactive. Where HTML and CSS are
languages that give structure and style to web pages, JavaScript gives web pages
interactive elements that engage a user. Common examples of JavaScript that you might
use every day include the search box on Amazon, a news recap video embedded on The
New York Times, or refreshing your Twitter feed.

Incorporating JavaScript improves user experience of the web page by converting it

from a static page into an interactive one. To recap, JavaScript adds behaviour to web
pages.

3.6 SYSTEM DESIGN

3.6.1 Dataflow Diagram

Data flow diagram is a way of representing system requirements in a graphic form.

A DFD is also known as ―bubble chart‖ has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and
identify major transformations that will become program in system design. So, it is the starting
point of design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to the
lowest level of details. A DFD consists of series of bubbles joined by lines. The bubbles
represent data transformation and the lines represent the data flows in the system. Dataflow
diagram are made up of number of symbols, which represent system components. Most dataflow
modelling methods use four kinds of symbols.

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They are:
• Arrow
• Circles
• Open End Box
• Square

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ER Diagram

An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a data modelling technique that graphically illustrates

an information system’s entities and the relationships between those entities. An ERD is a
conceptual and representational model of data used to represent the entity framework
infrastructure.

The elements of an ERD are:

 Entities
 Relationships
 Attributes

Steps involved in creating an ERD include:

1. Identifying and defining the entities

2. Determining all interactions between the entities
3. Analysing the nature of interactions/determining the cardinality of the relationships
4. Creating the ERD

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CHAPTER 4
MODULE DESCRIPTION

MODULE 1
PATIENTS ENTRY

The Patient Entry module handle various enquiries or details about the patients admission and
discharge details, bed census, and the medical details within the hospital.
First the nurse or administrator want to login to the smart drip system by
using the username and password which is given to the nurse or administrator when they joined
to the hospital which is only known by themselves.
After login to the smart drip system they can enter the details about the patients in the patient
entry section. In this patients entry module first we have to enter the name of the patient ,enter
the first name and the last name of the patient ,it is compulsory to enter the full name of the
patient because there is many patient have same name so we have to enter the full name of the
patient. Second we have to enter the age of the patient correctly to identify the patient is child
,teenager ,adult , middle age or elderly then only we can identify and decide the dosage of the
medicine or drip details which is given to the patients. Next we have to select the gender of the
patient which is male or female. Then we have to enter the email id of the patients in the patient
entry module correctly.
Next we can enter full address of the patient including place and pin code for future uses like
medical certificate, medical description and also it can use for billing purpose of the patient. Also
there are so many patients having same name including first name and last name by using the
address we can classify the patients and can easily identify them if there is any doubt and enter
the mobile number of the patient. Enter the room number and bystanders details like bystander
name and contact number.
Also enter the details of the diseases and doctor details. Most important thing in this section is to
enter the drip id to identify the drip of each patients easily also can get the details different
patients simantenously.Also provide the patient id to each patient who registered in the hospital,
it will provide at the first time the patient registered with the hospitals .Different patients have

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different patient ids it is easy to identify each patients. By searching the patient id we can find
out the whole details of the patient easily.

Fig 5: Nurse/Assistant Login

Fig6: Patients Details Entry

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MODULE 2

HARDWARE SETUP FOR FETCH VALUES FROM HARDWARE &

PROCESSING
In this module we done the hardware setup and fetch values from the hardware for processing.
Firstly we are going to setup the ultrasonic sensor with the drip bottle. A drip is sometimes
known as a cannula, intravenous fluids or IV. It is a short, small plastic tube. A doctor or nurse
will use a needle to put the drip into your child's vein. The doctor or nurse will leave the plastic
tube in so that fluids and medicines can go directly into the blood and the use of the ultrasonic
sensor is used for Ultrasonic sensors are used around the world, indoors and outdoors in the
harshest conditions, for a variety of applications. Our ultrasonic sensors, made with piezoelectric
crystals, use high frequency sound waves to resonate a desired frequency and convert electric
energy into acoustic energy, and vice versa. In the smart drip system we use the ultrasonic sensor
for detecting the level of the drip in the drip bottle.

The Ultrasonic sensor is connected with Arduino microcontroller using 8 and 9 pins which read
the values. Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino
consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller)
and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your
computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.

The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics,
and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not
need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the
board -- you can simply use a USB cable.

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Fig 7: Arduino Microcontroller

Power USB

Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer.
All you need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection (1).

Power (Barrel Jack)

Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by
connecting it to the Barrel Jack (2).

Voltage Regulator

The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the
Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other
elements.

Crystal Oscillator

The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

Arduino calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The
number printed on top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the
frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz

Arduino Reset

You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., starts your program from the beginning.
You can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17)
on the board. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino
pin labelled RESET (5).

Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)

 3.3V (6) − Supply 3.3 output volt

 5V (7) − Supply 5 output volt

 Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3
volt and 5 volt.

 GND (8) (Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of
which can be used to ground your circuit.

 Vin (9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an
external power source, like AC mains power supply.

Analog pins

The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5. These pins
can read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or
temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the
microprocessor.

Main microcontroller

Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). You can assume it as the
brain of your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly
different from board to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL
Company. You must know what IC your board has before loading up a new

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

program from the Arduino IDE. This information is available on the top of the
IC. For more details about the IC construction and functions, you can refer to
the data sheet.

ICSP pin

Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino
consisting of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often referred
to as an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as an
"expansion" of the output. Actually, you are slaving the output device to the
master of the SPI bus.

Power LED indicator

This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to
indicate that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on,
then there is something wrong with the connection.

TX and RX LEDs

On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They
appear in two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and
1, to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX
and RX led (13). The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the
serial data. The speed of flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board.
RX flashes during the receiving process.

Digital I/O

The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as
input digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive
different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labelled ―~‖ can be used to
generate PWM.

AREF

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 SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external

reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog
input pins.

Here we only use the 8 and 9th pin of the Arduino microcontroller to connect with the ultrasonic
sonic senor to read the value. The use of the 8 pin is GND (Ground) − There are several GND pins
on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit and the 9 th pin in the Arduino
microcontroller is used Vin (9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an
external power source, like AC mains power supply then by Using ESP8266 Wi-Fi adapter to send
the read values to the nurse or the administrator.

Fig 8: Circuit Diagram

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 SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

CONNECTING THE ESP8266 TO AN ARDUINO

First we will connect the Arduino UNO to a breadboard:

1. Connect the Arduino’s 3v3 (3.3V) output to the red line on a breadboard. The ESP8266 works
with three.3V and not 5V, so this is often necessary. If you wish to attach different components
that use 5V, you can connect the 5V output to the other red line of the board, simply check that
you don’t connect the two.
2. Connect GND (ground) to the blue line.
3. Connect the RES or RESET pin to the blue line. When you ground the reset pin, the Arduino
works as a dumb USB to serial connector that is what we would like to speak to the ESP8266.
4. Connect the RXD pin of the Arduino to the RX pin of the ESP8266 (yellow colourize the
picture).
5. Connect the txD pin of the Arduino to the TX pin of the esp. (green colourize the picture).
Usually, when we need 2 things to speak to each other over serial, we connect the tx pin of 1 to
the RX of the other (send goes to receive and the opposite). Here we don't have the Arduino talk
to the ESP8266 though; our pc is talking to it via the Arduino.
6. Connect the GND pin of the ESP to the blue line and the VCC pin to the red line.
7. Finally CH_PD goes to the red line; supposedly it'll not work if you do not connect this.

Fig 9: Connection of Wi-Fi module with Arduino

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

CONNECTING THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR TO AN ARDUINO

First of all, make the connections for the ultrasonic sensor with the Arduino. The
connections for the ultrasonic sensor with the Arduino are as follows:

1. Connect VCC on the ultrasonic sensor to the 5V pin on the Arduino.

2. Connect the Trig pin on the ultrasonic sensor to pin 2 on the Arduino.
3. Connect the Echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor to pin 3 on the Arduino.
4. Connect the GND on the ultrasonic sensor to GND on the Arduino.

Fig 10: Connection of ultrasonic sensor with Arduino

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

MODULE 3
GRAPH VIEWING AND ALERTING SENDING

The sensing of the Level of bottle is taken initially and the bottle without fluid is
taken as the set point. When the fluid reaches the value same as the set point and the sensor
provide the signal and the programmable IC starts working. At the same time the motor starts
rotating and the valve will be closed at the same time the wireless alarm attached to the setup
will provide alert signal to the operator.

Our project is aimed in automating the intravenous fluid monitoring system using Arduino Uno
R3. IV volume and fluid level can be precisely controlled. In IV fluid monitoring system is failed
to disconnect the drip system to patient, Air-in line sensor will be activated. All most in all
hospitals, assist/nurse is responsible for monitoring the IV fluid level system. But unfortunately,
the observer may forget to change or stop the drip bottle at correct time due to their schedule.
This may leads to several problems to the patients. Our project is overcome for this critical
situation. This technology reduces the work of the observer.

The user can communicate with the system through SMS (Short Message Service) which will be
received by the Phone with the help the Wi Fi. The SMS sends this data to Uno which is also
continuously receives the data from sensors in some form of codes. After processing, Arduino
Uno R3 gives the signal to the actuator which can allows volume of fluid to the required health
automatically this data is displayed on the Screen. Blood Pressure sensor, Heart beat sensor and
Temperature sensor are interface to the Arduino Uno R3. The sensor signals will displayed on
the screen..

System is developed by using Arduino Uno R3, SMS module, sensors and actuators. It can
receive and send messages through SMS module. Input parameters are fluid level sensors.
Output parameters are Blood Pressure sensor, Heart beat sensor and Temperature sensor is
displayed on the display. SMS can receive messages at a periodic time.

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

This is a rapid growth in healthcare system for past few years. Our project has two modes as auto
mode and manual mode. This helps to automate the healthcare system completely and sends the
drip details through SMS. Output can be controlled for various combinations of inputs by
Arduino Uno R3. Controller is receiving the data from sensors continuously and gives the signal
to the program. After processing, this data is displayed on the screen which is placed in assistant
room. This system can also send the details of the field to the human as SMS through Wi-Fi.
According to the type of healthcare systems, this technology can be modified.

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CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS

The proposed system involves many sensors and controlling unit. They all must be integrated in
such a way that the performance is not affected for any cause. Any wrong circuit connection may
lead to failure of the entire system. In the Patient Entry module the nurse or administrator will
login to the system and he/she will enter the whole details about the patient like dripid patients
personal details. Firstly we are going to setup the ultrasonic sensor with the drip bottle. A drip is
sometimes known as a cannula, intravenous fluids or IV. The Ultrasonic sensor is connected with
Arduino microcontroller using 8 and 9 pins which read the values. Arduino is an open-source
platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical
programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and
upload computer code to the physical board. Here we only use the 8 and 9th pin of the Arduino
microcontroller to connect with the ultrasonic sonic senor to read the value. The use of the 8 pin
is GND (Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to
ground your circuit and the 9th pin in the Arduino microcontroller is used Vin (9) − This pin also
can be used to power the Arduino board from an external power source, like AC mains power
supply then by Using ESP8266 Wi-Fi adapter to send the read values to the nurse or the
administrator.

Nurse Or Assistant Login

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

Patients Details Entry Section

Arduino connected with ultrasonic sensor &wifi module

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

ESP8266 wifi module

Arduino Microcontroller

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

Drips Initial Reading In Graph

Drips Final Reading In Graph

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

SMS Alert For Nurse To Show The Drip Percentage

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
This automation system with GSM and solenoid system is developed for the healthcare system of
the human beings. The control system can be the better in time consumption; the system can
easily control the hardware by use the Arduino controller. This project provides the advantages
for nurse/assists in healthcare system and control of notice board generally This idea and
improvement of IV set will be a soon to the healthcare industry. This will prove to be the
ultimate one of its types. Technology development is an ultimate aim in all sectors. Especially,
more new technologies are emerging in medical field for the betterment of people and to serve
the society. The proposed Arduino based indicating device acts as an assist to nurse and doctors
in monitoring the patients. This also reduces the stress of repeated checking about the status of
IV set. It also has an appreciable advantage such as small size, affordable cost, and high
accuracy, easy handling and completely automated. Certainly, this device reveals a good change
in medical field especially in patient monitoring system with less initial investment if
implemented in real time work

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

o About the future, we will try to make it as economical as possible.

o Idea of controlling all IV sets centrally.
o Awareness about this innovation.
o Making it more unembellished

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

REFERENCES

[1] R.Vasuki, C.Dennis, HemPriya Changer, ―An portable monitoring device of measuring drips
rate by using an Intravenous (IV) set‖, International Journal of Biotechnology Trends and
Technology Vol. 1, Issue 3, No.4 2011.

[2] C.C.Gavimath, Krishnamurthy Bhat, C.C.Chayalakshmi, R.S.Hooli, B.E.Ravishankera

―Design and Development of versatile saline flow rate measuring system and GSM based remote
monitoring device‖, International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Applications ISSN 0976-2639.

[3] R.Aravind, Syed Mustak Ahmed ―Design of family health monitoring system using wireless
communication‖, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 9, September 2013

[4] V.Ramya, B.Palaniappan, Anuradha Kumari ―Embedded patient monitoring system‖

International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA) Vol.1, No.2, December
201

[5] D.Janani, J.Prathibanandhi, P.Meenakshi Vidya, K.S.Sujatha ―Wireless Saline Bottle Level
Indicator for Hospitals‖, Compo soft an International Journal of Advanced computer
Technology.

[6] V.Ramya, B.Palaniappan, Anuradha Kumari ―Embedded patient monitoring system‖

International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA) Vol.1, No.2, December
2011

[7] Hikaru Amanand et al., Proposed a paper, ―A remote drip infusion monitoring system
Employing Bluetooth‖, Compo soft an International Journal of Advanced computer Technology.

[8] Xinling Wen et al., Proposed a paper ―Design of Medical Infusion Monitor and Protection
System Based on Wireless Communication Technology‖Japan Journal of Applied Physics,
36(5A)

[9] Hiromichi Mak et al., Proposed a paper ―A new drip infusion solution monitoring system
with a free-flow detection function‖, U.S. Patent No. 4,312,358. 26 Jan. 1982.
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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

[10] Bailey Flynn R et al., Proposed a paper ―Intravenous Dehydration Relief in Paediatrics‖,
U.S. Patent No. 5,563,584. 8 Oct. 1996.

[11]Arjun Udayan1 et al., Proposed a paper ―A Survey on Automatic Flow Control in Drip‖,
International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA) Vol.1, No.2, December
2011.

[12]Priyadharshini.R et al., Proposed a paper ―Automatic Intravenous Fluid Level Indication

System for Hospitals‖ Automated Irrigation System for Home Gardens‖, 2012

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

APPENDIX A

MAIN CODE

#include<SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial client (2, 3);

// pin Connection : RX to 3, TX to 2

const int trigPin = 8;

const int echoPin = 9;

String webpage="";
int i=0,k=0;
String readString;
int x=0;

Boolean No_IP=false;
String IP="";

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

char temp1='0';

String name="<p>Circuit Digest</p>"; //22

String dat="<p>Data Received Successfully.....</p>"; //21

void check4IP(int t1)

{
int t2=millis();
while(t2+t1>millis())
{
while(client.available()>0)
{
if(client.find("WIFI GOT IP"))
{
No_IP=true;
}
}
}
}

void get_ip()
{
Serial.print(" Fetching IP Address:");
IP="";
char ch=0;
while(1)
{
client.println("AT+CIFSR");
while(client.available()>0)
{
if(client.find("STAIP,"))
{
delay(1000);
Serial.print("IP Address:");
while(client.available()>0)
{
ch=client.read();
if(ch=='+')
break;
IP+=ch;

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

}
}
if(ch=='+')
break;
}
if(ch=='+')
break;
delay(1000);
}
Serial.print(IP);
Serial.print("Port:");
Serial.println(80);
}

void connect_wifi(String cmd, int t)

{
int temp=0,i=0;
while(1)
{
Serial.println(cmd);
client.println(cmd);
while(client.available())
{
if(client.find("OK"))
i=8;
}
delay(t);
if(i>5)
break;
i++;
}
if(i==8)
Serial.println("OK");
else
Serial.println("Error");
}

void wifi_init()
{
connect_wifi("AT",100);

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

connect_wifi("AT+CWMODE=3",100);
connect_wifi("AT+CWQAP",100);
connect_wifi("AT+RST",5000);
check4IP(5000);
if(!No_IP)
{
Serial.println("Connecting Wifi....");
connect_wifi("AT+CWJAP=\"Max\",\"24403911\"",7000); //provide your WiFi
username and password here
// connect_wifi("AT+CWJAP=\"vpn address\",\"wireless network\"",7000);
}
else
{
}
Serial.println("Wifi Connected");

//get_ip();
connect_wifi("AT+CIPMUX=1",100);
connect_wifi("AT+CIPSERVER=1,80",100);
}

void sendwebdata(String webPage)

{
int ii=0;
while(1)
{
unsigned int l=webPage.length();
Serial.print("AT+CIPSEND=0,");
client.print("AT+CIPSEND=0,");
Serial.println(l+2);
client.println(l+2);
delay(100);
Serial.println(webPage);
client.println(webPage);
while(client.available())
{
//Serial.print(Serial.read());
if(client.find("OK"))
{
ii=11;
break;

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

}
}
if(ii==11)
break;
delay(100);
}
}

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
client.begin(115200);
wifi_init();
Serial.println("System Ready..");

void printResponse() {
while (client.available()) {
Serial.println(client.readStringUntil('\n'));
}}

void loop()
{

long duration, cm;

// The sensor is triggered by a HIGH pulse of 10 or more microseconds.

// Give a short LOW pulse beforehand to ensure a clean HIGH pulse:
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

// Read the signal from the sensor: a HIGH pulse whose

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SMART DRIP SYSTEM USING ARDUINO CONTROLLER

// duration is the time (in microseconds) from the sending

// of the ping to the reception of its echo off of an object.
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

cm = duration / 29 / 2;

Serial.print(cm);
Serial.print("cm");
Serial.println();

delay(100);

// Send to Server;

client.println("AT+CIPMUX=1");
delay(1000);
printResponse();

client.println("AT+CIPSTART=4,\"TCP\",\"192.168.43.254\",80");
delay(1000);
printResponse();

String cmd = "GET /SmartDrip/web/insert.php?q="+String(cm);

client.println("AT+CIPSEND=4," + String(cmd.length() + 4));
delay(1000);

client.println(cmd);
delay(1000);
client.println();
delay(1000);
printResponse();

delay(5000);

delay(10000);
}

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