LESSON NOTES

Lower Beginner S1 #6
Being Put to Work in Israel

CONTENTS
2 Hebrew
2 English
2 Romanization
3 Vowelled
3 Vocabulary
4 Sample Sentences
5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage
5 Grammar
8 Cultural Insight

# 6
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 HEBREW

.‫ שמי איתי‬.‫ את עובדת במכבסה איתי‬.‫שלום אנה‬ :‫איתי‬ .1

.‫ אני שמחה לעבוד איתך‬.‫שלום איתי‬ :‫אנה‬ .2

.‫את צריכה לבוא כל יום משתיים עד חמש‬ :‫איתי‬ .3

?‫כל יום‬ :‫אנה‬ .4

.‫ כל אחד פה בקיבוץ חייב לעבוד במשך השבוע‬,‫נכון‬ :‫איתי‬ .5

?‫אני חייבת לעבוד גם בשבת‬ :‫אנה‬ .6

.‫ בשבת את יכולה לנוח‬,‫לא‬ :‫איתי‬ .7

ENGLISH

1. ITAI: Hello, Anna; you are working in the laundry room with me. My
name is Itai.

2. ANNA: Hello, Itai. I am happy to work with you.

3. ITAI: You need to come every day from two to five.

4. ANNA: Every day?

5. ITAI: Correct, everyone here on the kibbutz has to work during the week.

6. ANNA: Am I also required to work on Saturday?

7. ITAI: No, you can rest on Saturdays.

ROMANIZATION CONT'D OVER

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1. ITAI: Shalom Anna: At ovedet ba-makh'besah iti. Sh’mi Itai.

2. ANNA: Shalom Itai. Ani S’meħah la’avod it’kha.

3. ITAI: At tz’ri’khah lavo kol yom mi-sh’tayim ad ħamesh.

4. ANNA: kol yom?

5. ITAI: Nakhon, kol eħad po ba-kibbutz ħayav la’avod be-meshekh ha-

shavu’a.

6. ANNA: Ani ħayevet la’avod gam be-shabat?

7. ITAI: Lo, be-shabat at yekholah la-nu’aħ.

VOWELLED

.‫תי‬
ַ ‫ ְׁשִמי ִאי‬.‫סה ִאי ִּתי‬
ָ ‫מְכֵּב‬
ַ ‫א ְּת עֹוֶבֶדת ָּב‬
ַ .‫א ָּנה‬
ַ ‫שלֹום‬
ָׁ :‫תי‬
ַ ‫ִאי‬ .1

ָ ‫שֵמָחה ַלֲעבֹוד ִאי ְּת‬

.‫ך‬ ְׂ ‫ ֲאִני‬.‫תי‬
ַ ‫שלֹום ִאי‬
ָׁ :‫א ָּנה‬
ַ .2

.‫תִיים ַעד ָחֵמׁש‬

ַּ ‫כל יֹום ִמְּׁש‬
ָּ ‫א ְּת ְצִריָכה ָלבֹוא‬
ַ :‫תי‬
ַ ‫ִאי‬ .3

?‫כל יֹום‬
ָּ :‫א ָּנה‬
ַ .4

ָּׁ‫ייב ַלֲעבֹוד ְּבֶמֶׁשךְ ַה‬

.‫שבוַּע‬ ָּ‫וץ ַח‬
ּ ‫פה ַּב ִּקיּב‬
ֹ ּ ‫כל ֶאָחד‬
ָּ ,‫ָנכֹון‬ :‫תי‬
ַ ‫ִאי‬ .5

?‫שָּבת‬ ֶּ‫ֲאִני ַח‬

ַׁ‫ייֶבת ַלֲעבֹוד ַּגם ְּב‬ :‫א ָּנה‬
ַ .6

.‫א ְּת ְיכוָֹלה ָלנוַּח‬

ַ ‫שָּבת‬
ַׁ‫ ְּב‬,‫לא‬
ֹ :‫תי‬
ַ ‫ִאי‬ .7

VOCABULARY

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 He br e w R omanization English C lass Ge nde r

with you - preposition +

‫איתך‬ it’kha masculine pronoun

during or
‫במשך‬ be-meshekh throughout conjunction

‫עד‬ ad until conjunction

‫חייב‬ ħayav to be required to verb

‫צריך‬ tzarikh need or should verb

‫שמח‬/‫לשמוח‬ lis’mo’aħ to be happy verb

‫מכבסה‬ makh'besah laundromat noun Feminine

Saturday or
‫שבת‬ shabat shabbat (which noun feminine
is the sabbath)

‫שבוע‬ shavu’a week noun masculine

‫נח‬/‫לנוח‬ la-nu’aħ/naħ to rest verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

.‫אני בא איתך‬ .‫הייתי חולה במשך שבועיים‬

Ani ba it’kha. Hayiti ħoleh be-meshekh sh’vu’ayim.

I’m coming with you. I was sick for (during) two weeks.

.‫הם שם עד שש‬ .‫אתם חייבים לבוא למסיבה שלנו‬

Hem sham ad shesh. Atem ħayavim la’vo la-mesibah shelanu.

They are there until six. You have to come to our party.

.‫אני צריכה לקנות פלאפון חדש‬ .‫היא שמחה היום‬

Ani tz’rikhah lik’not pelefon ħadash. Hi s’meħah ha-yom.

I need to buy a new cellphone. She’s happy today.

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 .‫המכבסה ברחוב וייצמן‬ .‫בשבת אנחנו לא עובדים‬
Ha-makh'b esah bir’ħov Weitzman. Be-shabat anaħ’nu lo ov’dim

The laundromat is on Weizmann street. On Saturday we don’t work.

.‫השבוע מתחיל ביום ראשון בארץ‬ .‫אני אוהבת לנוח על חוף הים‬
Ha-shavu’a mat’ħil be-yom rishon ba-aretz. Ani ohevet lanu’aħ al ħof ha-yam.

The week starts on Sunday in Israel. I love to relax on the beach.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

‫מכבסה‬
A makh'besah is a "laundromat." In Israel, there are laundromats as there are in the United
States where you go and do your own laundry by putting coins in the washers and dryers.
There are also laundromats that are combined with dry cleaners where people can have their
laundry dropped off to be washed, dried, and ironed. There are many people who use this
service instead of doing their own laundry at home, and it's usually not very expensive. The
noun makh'besah is derived from the verb ‫( לכבס‬le-khabes), which is the verb "to wash."

‫במשך‬

be-meshekh is made up of two words. -‫( ב‬be-) is "in," "at," or "by," and meshekh means
"duration." Be- meshekh combines to mean "during" or "throughout." We use ‫( במשך‬be-
meshekh) with concepts of time. We can also replace -‫( ב‬be-) with -‫( ל‬le-) and then the
meaning changes to "for," and we also use it with concepts of time.

GRAMMAR

Th e Fo cu s o f Th i s L e sso n Is U si n g th e Mo d a l Ve rbs ‫ צריך‬a n d ‫חייב‬.

.‫את צריכה לבוא כל יום משתיים עד חמש‬
.‫ח מֵ ׁש‬
ָ ‫עד‬
ַ ‫תִיים‬
ַּ ‫ש‬
ְ ּ ׁ ִ‫כל י ֹום מ‬
ּ ָ ‫לב ֹוא‬
ָ ‫כה‬
ָ ‫ת צ ְִרי‬
ְּ ‫א‬
ַ
At tz ' ri ' kh a h l a vo ko l yo m m i - sh ' ta yi m a d ħ a m e sh .
"Yo u n e e d to co m e e ve ry d a y fro m tw o to fi ve ."

Tzarikh is a modal verb that expresses obligation. It means "should," "has to," or "need to."

Modal verbs in Hebrew use the present participle of the verb and are followed by the infinitive

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form of the verb they modify. ‫( צריך‬tzarikh) has four forms in the present tense: masculine
singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, and feminine plural.

H e bre w Vo w e l e d R o m a n i z a ti o n

ְ ‫צ ִָריך‬
masculine singular ‫צריך‬ tzarikh

feminine singular ‫צריכה‬ ‫כה‬

ָ ‫צ ְִרי‬ tz'rikhah

masculine plural ‫צריכים‬ ‫כים‬

ִ ‫צ ְִרי‬ tz'rikhim

feminine plural ‫צריכות‬ ‫צ ְִריכֹות‬ tz'rikhot

Fo r Exa m pl e :

1. .‫הוא צריך לעבוד היום‬

.‫הי ֹּום‬ ֲ ַ ‫הּוא צ ִָריך ְ ל‬
ַ ‫עבֹוד‬
Hu tzarikh la'avod ha-yom.
"He needs to work today."

2. .‫היא צריכה לבוא הביתה בעשר‬

.‫שר‬
ׂ ֶ ֶ ‫תה בְּע‬
ָ ְ ‫ה בַּי‬
ַ ‫לבֹוא‬
ָ ‫כה‬
ָ ‫היא צ ְִרי‬
ִ
Hi tz'rikhah lavo ha-ba'itah be-eser.
"She needs to come home at ten."

3. .‫הם צריכים להעביר לי מסר‬

.‫סר‬
ֶ ‫מ‬
ֶ ‫לי‬
ִ ‫ביר‬
ִ ֲ ‫הע‬
ַ ְ ‫כים ל‬
ִ ‫הם צ ְִרי‬
ֵ
Hem tz'rikhim le-ha'avir li meser.
"They should pass on a message to me."

4. .‫הן צריכות להתקשר אליי‬

.‫לי‬
ַ ֵ‫שר א‬
ֵ ּ ׁ‫התְ ַק‬
ִ ְ ‫הן צ ְִריכֹות ל‬
ֵ
Hen tz'rikhot le-hit'kasher ela'i.
"They need to call me."

Th e Mo d a l Ve rb ‫חייב‬
? ‫אני חייבת לעבוד גם בשבת‬
? ‫בת‬
ָּ ‫ש‬
ַ ּׁ ְ‫גם ב‬
ּ ַ ‫עב ֹוד‬
ֲ ַ ‫בת ל‬
ֶ ‫חֶּיי‬
ַ ‫ני‬
ִ ֲ‫א‬
An i ħ a ye ve t l a ' a vo d g a m be - sh a ba t?
"Am I re q u i re d to w o rk a l so o n

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Sa tu rd a y? "

Ħayav also expresses obligation and means "obliged to," "must," or "is required to." The most
common translation is "has to." Here are the conjugations for ‫( חייב‬ħayav):

H e bre w Vo w e l e d R o m a n i z a ti o n

masculine singular ‫חייב‬ ‫חַָּייב‬ ħayav

feminine singular ‫חייבת‬ ֶ ‫חֶַּיי‬

‫בת‬ ħayevet

masculine plural ‫חייבים‬ ִ ‫חַָּיי‬

‫בים‬ ħayavim

feminine plural ‫חייבות‬ ‫חַָּייבֹות‬ ħayavot

Fo r Exa m pl e :

1. .‫הוא חייב לעבוד היום‬

.‫הי ֹּום‬ ֲ ַ ‫הּוא חַָּייב ל‬
ַ ‫עבֹוד‬
Hu ħayav la-avod ha-yom.
"He is required to work today."

2. .‫היא חייבת לבוא הביתה בעשר‬

.‫שר‬
ׂ ֶ ֶ ‫תה בְּע‬
ָ ְ ‫ה בַּי‬
ַ ‫לבֹוא‬ ֶ ‫היא חֶַּיי‬
ָ ‫בת‬ ִ
Hi ħayevet lavo ha-ba'itah be-eser.
"She is required to come home at ten."

3. .‫הם חייבים להעביר לי מסר‬

.‫סר‬
ֶ ‫מ‬
ֶ ‫לי‬
ִ ‫ביר‬
ִ ֲ ‫הע‬ ִ ‫הם חַָּיי‬
ַ ְ ‫בים ל‬ ֵ
Hem ħayavim le-ha'avir li meser.
"They are obliged to pass on a message to me."

4. . ‫הן חייבות להתקשר אליי‬

.‫לי‬
ַ ֵ‫שר א‬ ִ ְ ‫הן חַָּייבֹות ל‬
ֵ ּ ׁ‫התְ ַק‬ ֵ
Hen ħayevot le-hit'kasher ela'i
"They must call me."

Exa m pl e s Fro m Th i s D i a l o g u e

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1. .‫את צריכה לבוא כל יום משתיים עד חמש‬
.‫מׁש‬
ֵ ָ‫עד ח‬
ַ ‫ש ּתִַיים‬
ְ ּ ׁ‫מ‬
ִ ‫כל יֹום‬
ָ ּ ‫לבֹוא‬
ָ ‫כה‬
ָ ‫ת צ ְִרי‬
ְ ּ ַ‫א‬
At tz'ri'khah lavo kol yom mi-sh'tayim ad ħamesh.
"You need to come every day from two to five."

2. ?‫אני חייבת לעבוד גם בשבת‬

?‫בת‬
ָּ ‫ש‬
ַ ְּׁ‫עבֹוד ַּגם ב‬ ֶ ‫אֲִני חֶַּיי‬
ֲ ַ ‫בת ל‬
Ani ħayevet la'avod gam be-shabat?
"Am I required to work also on Saturday?"

Pro n u n ci a ti o n Ti p

The verb ‫( צריך‬tzarikh) can be especially difficult for foreigners to pronounce. Don't let this
discourage you. The combination of the [- tz ] sound together with the guttural - r sound is very
difficult even for people who have been speaking Hebrew for years. Keep practicing these
sounds together, and you will eventually get to it to come out right.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

On e G re a t Wa y to Vo l u n te e r i n Isra e l

One aspect of Israel that is well known by outsiders is the kibbutz . People all over the world
have come to Israel for a few months or half a year to volunteer on kibbutzim . As we learned
in a previous lesson, kibbutzim were built on communal values, and one thing that made
them thrive is that everyone works together for the same purpose. Work is something that
brings everyone together, and in the kibbutz , it puts everyone on the same level. Everyone
has a job on the kibbutz , and everyone is required to put in work. Different kibbutzim have
different focuses. Some are agricultural kibbutzim , and others are factories. Whatever the
focus is, kibbutz members work in that focus, but they also have to keep the kibbutz running
so there will be other jobs as well. Common jobs on the kibbutz are working in the
administration, the laundry room, the preschool, or at the front gate. For many years,
kibbutzim took on volunteers to help with the work. There are still some kibbutzim that take
volunteers today, but many of them have stopped that practice. Volunteers come from all over
the world for months at a time to help in the kibbutz , and in return they receive room and
board and a small weekly stipend. The volunteers will work wherever they are needed. Some
famous volunteers were Jerry Seinfeld, Sigourney Weaver, Michelle Bachmann, and Annie
Leibovitz.

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