Skanmobile User Manual

General Information
Document Number : UMN-000018-0-20

Document Revision :6
Document Part Number : 515-001369-0
Release Date : 20-MAR-2014
User Responsibility
This product is designed to perform its intended function when operated in accordance with the instructions
provided in this manual and other accompanying labels and accessories and when assembled as per the
instructions provided. A defective unit should not be used. Parts that are broken, plainly worn, missing,
incomplete, distorted or contaminated should be replaced immediately.
There are no user repairable components / modules used as a part of this product. In case of a defective or
malfunctioning unit the repair should be carried out by a trained technician authorised by Skanray. The user
shall have the sole responsibility of any outcome originating from this product resulting from improper use, faulty
maintenance, damage or use of accessories / replacements parts not approved by Skanray.
Accessories
Use of accessories / replacement parts that are not recommended by Skanray could compromise the
performance of the unit if not compromise operator / patient safety.
WARNING
Skanray will not be able to honour any warranty claims due to the usage of accessories / replacement parts not
recommended by it. Additionally Skanray shall not be liable for any losses incurred due to the usage of any such
non-recommended accessories/parts. For Continued protection against risk of fire and electric shock, replace
the fuse with type 16A / 250V, Fast blow. Ensure the power inlet to the system is disconnected or mains switch
is switched off before replacing fuse.
Limited Warranty Statement

This warranty does not cover damages caused by any combination of
1 Handling during shipping or
2 Deviation from usage instructions while handling, maintaining or operating the unit as prescribed in this
manual or
3 Alteration or repair attempted by user or by a personnel other than Skanray authorised service personnel or
4 Accidents including natural disasters.
If a product or accessory covered under this warranty is found to be defective because of defective material,
component or workmanship and the warranty claim is made within the warranty period as described above,
Skanray will, at its discretion, repair or replace the product or accessories free of charge.
For improving product quality and customer experience, we at Skanray are dedicated to upgrading
the technology and processes used in our product. The information provided in this document is
subject to change without prior notice. Please contact Skanray for latest updates on the product and
NOTE services.
Revision 6 Page I of IV
Revision 6 Page II of IV
Table Of Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Your X-Ray Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Indication for Use ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 This Manual .............................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Safety and Precautions ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Patient and Operational Safety ................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Conventions .............................................................................................................................................. 4
3 Know Your X-Ray Unit ...................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 X-Ray System Components – A Checklist ................................................................................................ 7
3.2 Identification of Main Parts ........................................................................................................................ 7
3.3 System Labels, Controls and Indicators .................................................................................................. 10
3.4 Control and Indicators– Identifications (Integrated Console) .................................................................. 16
3.5 Control and Indicators– Identifications (External Console) ..................................................................... 17
3.6 Mechanical Dimensions: ......................................................................................................................... 19
4 Operating The Unit .......................................................................................................................................... 21
4.1 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................................... 21
4.2 Power ON And Initial Checks .................................................................................................................. 21
4.3 Modifying exposure parameters .............................................................................................................. 22
4.3.1 Parameter Modification Screen: kV ................................................................................................. 22
4.3.2 Parameter Modification Screen: mAs .............................................................................................. 22
4.3.3 Mode Selection Screen ................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.3.1 MEDIUM ................................................................................................................................. 23
4.3.3.2 THIN ....................................................................................................................................... 23
4.3.3.3 THICK ..................................................................................................................................... 23
4.3.4 Exposure History ............................................................................................................................. 24
4.3.5 Sleep Mode ..................................................................................................................................... 24
4.4 Positioning X-Ray Beam Using Collimator .............................................................................................. 24
4.5 Delivering an Exposure ........................................................................................................................... 25
4.6 User Default Parameter Configuration Settings ...................................................................................... 27
5 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 29
5.1 Cleaning and Disinfecting ....................................................................................................................... 29
5.2 Caring for Your Equipment ...................................................................................................................... 29
5.3 Shipping and Long Term Storage ............................................................................................................ 29
5.4 Preventive Maintenance ......................................................................................................................... 30
5.5 Disposal of the Unit ................................................................................................................................. 30
6 Troubleshooting .............................................................................................................................................. 31
6.1 Errors & Warnings ................................................................................................................................... 31
7 Technical specifications ................................................................................................................................... 33
7.1 Tube-head Specifications ........................................................................................................................ 33
7.2 X-Ray Tube Insert Specifications ............................................................................................................ 33
7.3 Dimensions and Weight .......................................................................................................................... 35
7.4 Mains Power Requirements .................................................................................................................... 36
7.5 Environmental Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 36
Annex A: Exposure Time & mA List For Selected kV And mAs (230 V /110 V) .................................................. 37
Annex B: Basic X-Ray techniques used for Different Anatomy. ......................................................................... 41
Annex C: Declaration of Conformity ................................................................................................................... 67
Annex D: Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration ......................................................................................... 69
Annex E: Contact details .................................................................................................................................... 73
Revision 6 Page III of IV

Revision 6 Page IV of IV
SKANMOBILE‒ High Frequency
Chapter 1 Introduction
Diagnostic X-Ray system
1 Introduction
This manual describes how to use the SKANMOBILE High frequency diagnostic X-Ray system. Read this
manual carefully before using the equipment.
This manual is applicable to the following variants of SKANMOBILE:
Product Description Part Number
SKANMOBILE – HF diagnostic X-Ray system, 230V AC 303-000018-0
SKANMOBILE – HF diagnostic X-Ray system, 110V AC 303-000018-3
1.1 Your X-Ray Equipment

SKANMOBILE is an advanced high frequency type X-Ray system designed for superior image quality with
powerful 4KW generator and very low leakage radiation. The system houses two microprocessors, one for
control / supervisory functions and another one dedicated to input power factor correction circuit, without
overloading the primary control functions. For 230 Vac, it can be easily plugged into 16A wall socket. For 110
Vac, it can be easily plugged into NEMA 5-20 wall socket. The technology incorporates feedback circuits that
enable x-rays of accurate and reproducible nature for years of trouble free operation.
1.2 Indication For Use

The SKANMOBILE is indicated for use in generating radiographic images of human anatomy in all general
purpose X-Ray diagnostic procedures. It may be used in radiology departments, emergency rooms, intensive
care units, operating rooms, pediatrics, orthopedics, and clinics.
The system has been designed for indoor usage and used/operated by only trained & qualified Physicians or
X-Ray technologist.
1.3 This Manual

This manual contains information related to normal operation and set-up. Safety tips to prevent unwanted
X-Ray exposures. The manual covers description of various components and their functions. Location and
meaning of various labels are provided as well. If the unit does not perform as intended, refer and act as
instructed in section the troubleshooting section.
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Chapter 2 Safety and Precautions
2 Safety and Precautions

The owner of this Diagnostic X-Ray system shall not modify any components of the system since
this may result in violation of compliance to the standards. Skanray shall not be responsible for
any such modification causing violation of compliance, compromise on safety, performance
CAUTION deterioration or any other adverse effects.
Warranty of this equipment will be void in the event of any modification done to the equipment,
misuse of the equipment and opening or servicing by an unauthorized personnel.
2.1 Patient And Operational Safety

This x-ray equipment may give hazardous x-ray to the patient and the operator unless safe
exposure factors and operating instructions are observed.
WARNING
Follow proper x-ray radiation safety rules:
RADIATION SAFETY 1) Do not allow non-prescribed exposures
2) Do not allow unauthorized or untrained personnel to operate the unit
3) Always focus the collimator light only on to the area to be imaged.
4) Patients should be provided with lead apron and thyroid collar while being exposed.
5) Operator should wear proper X-Ray shielding aprons.
6) Operator should be at a distance of at least 2 meter away from the tube head while
carrying out the exposure.
7) Operator should not stand in front of collimator during exposure. Operator should stand
behind the Tube head assembly during exposure.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY 1) Always switch off the unit and remove the mains plug when cleaning and disinfecting the
unit.
2) Do not touch patient and accessible conductive parts simultaneously, to avoid Electric
shock.
3) The unit contains lethally high voltages. Do not attempt to open covers or repair the unit
on yourself or by non certified service personnel.
EXPLOSION SAFETY 1) This equipment must not be used in the presence of flammable or potentially explosive
disinfecting gases or vapours, which could ignite causing personal injury and/or damage to
the equipment. If such disinfectants are used, the vapour must be allowed to disperse before
using the equipment.
2) This equipment is not suitable for use in presence of anaesthetic gases.
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ELECTRO MAGNETIC 1) Interference between the unit and other sensitive electronics can occur under extreme
INTERFERENCE
conditions. Do not use the X-Ray equipment in close conjunction with other sensitive devices
or devices which create high electromagnetic disturbance.
PHYSICAL INJURY 1) The Swivel arm lifts up suddenly if the gas spring actuation / push button is pressed
without the integration of Tube head assembly to the trolley.
2) Operator should be at a distance of at least 2 meter away from the tube head to avoid any
unintended movement.
3) Follow the integration procedure of SKANMOBILE generator as per section 10 of service

manual.
INSTALLATION AND 1) Ensure that your X-Ray unit is assembled and installed inside the Hospital or clinic
SERVICE
building, by qualified service personnel. Consult the factory or your seller for installation of the
unit.
2) Take the services of qualified personnel when relocating the unit.
MOBILITY 1) Care must be taken for the movement and positioning of the system.
2) The system must be disconnected from the main power before moving.
3) Before moving system around, the system must be positioned to the parking position to
avoid unnecessary damage to the system.
4) While bringing the tube head into parking position, make sure tube head is positioned at
90 degrees to the swivel arm to avoid tube-head hitting the lower portion of trolley.
5) Wheels should be unlocked before moving the system.
6) After the system is placed at the desired location, the wheels should be locked.
2.2 Conventions
WARNING - Warning statements describe conditions or actions that may result in personal injury or
loss of life.
CAUTION - Caution statements describe conditions or actions that may result in damage to the
equipment or software.
NOTE - Notes contain additional information on the use of the system.
Attention
This symbol invites the attention of the user towards a WARNING, CAUTION or NOTE.
Refer to the accompanying documents.
Page 4 of 73
Take Note
This symbol points to an important detail / tip in the operation of the unit.
Protective Earth
Mains Earth is required for continued protection against shock hazards.
Type of Insulation
Class 1, Type B Insulation. Protection against electric shock (UL60601-1:2003). Requires

protective Earth Connection.
High Voltage
Dangerous voltages present.
Caution: X-Ray
X-Ray Source Assembly / Tube Head capable of generating X-Rays. This X-Ray unit may be
dangerous to patient & operators unless safe exposure factors and operating instructions are
observed.
Manufacturing date
Manufacturer's address
Temperature range
WEEE symbol for disposal.
Requires special disposal methods. Consult local regulatory body for identifying proper disposal
method.
Alternating current
Focal Spot
L Mains Line Connection
N Mains Neutral Connection
Page 5 of 73
Chapter 3 Know Your X-Ray Unit
3 Know Your X-Ray Unit

3.1 X-Ray System Components – A Checklist
SKANMOBILE X-Ray system consists of the following major components.
• Tube Head Assembly (including Collimator)
• Trolley
• External Console (Optional)
• This user's manual 1 number (UMN-000018-0-20)
3.2 Identification Of Main Parts
Illustration 1: TUBE HEAD ASSEMBLY
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Illustration 2: TROLLEY
Illustration 3: TROLLEY
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Illustration 4: INTEGRATED SKANMOBILE GENERATOR
Illustration 5: INTEGRATED SKANMOBILE GENERATOR
Page 9 of 73
3.3 System Labels, Controls And Indicators

This section lists the labels, controls and indicators that are affixed on the unit. Please refer Illustration 6 and
Illustration 7 for the location where they are affixed. The mark number is given against each label below.
LABEL 2: SKANMOBILE STICKER (L3)
LABEL 1: DANGER LABEL (L1)
LABEL 4: FOCAL SPOT LABEL (L4)

LABEL 3: FUSE RATING LABEL (L2)
LABEL 5: SKANMOBILE TUBEHEAD LABEL 6: SKANMOBILE TUBEHEAD

RATING LABEL- 230V (L5) RATING LABEL- 110V (L5)
LABEL 8: INPUT SPECIFICATION

LABEL 7: INPUT SPECIFICATION LABEL LABEL (L6)
(L6)
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LABEL 10: HOT SURFACE CAUTION LABEL

(L8)
LABEL 9: COLLIMATOR FIELD INDICATION
LABEL (L7)
LABEL 11: SYSTEM LABEL SKANMOBILE- 230V LABEL 12: SYSTEM LABEL SKANMOBILE-
(L9) 110V (L9)
LABEL 14: CE MARK LABEL (L11A)

[COUNTRY SPECIFIC]
LABEL 13: UL MARK LABEL (L10)

[COUNTRY SPECIFIC] LABEL 15: AERB LABEL (L11B)
[COUNTRY SPECIFIC]
LABEL 16: TUBE HEAD ARM POSITIONING LABEL (L12)
LABEL 17: TUBE HEAD POSITIONING LABEL (L13)
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LABEL 18: TRAPPING ZONE CAUTION LABEL

(L14) LABEL 20: COLLIMATOR SERIAL NUMBER
LABEL (L16)
LABEL 19: SKAN MOBILE CONSOLE LABEL (L15)
LABEL 21: WARNING LABEL

(L17)
LABEL 23: COLLIMATOR REAR SHUTTER TAPE (L19)

LABEL 22: COLLIMATOR FRONT SHUTTER TAPE (L18)
LABEL 24: X-RAY TUBE (L20) LABEL 25: TUBE HOUSING SERIAL NUMBER
(L21)
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LABEL 26: TROLLEY SERIAL NUMBER (L22)
LABEL 27: AERB CAUTION

LABEL (L23)
LABEL 28: MEMBRANE KEYPAD CONSOLE (L24)
LABEL 29: DOME LABEL (L25)
CONTROLS and INDICATORS

1) Gas spring actuator (C1)
2) Exposure Hand Switch (C2)
3) Collimator Rear Shutter Control Knob (C3)
4) Collimator Front Shutter Control Knob (C4)
5) Mains ON/OFF Switch (C5 / I1)
Page 13 of 73
Illustration 6: Label Location
Page 14 of 73
Illustration 7: Label Location
Page 15 of 73
3.4 Control And Indicators– Identifications (Integrated Console)
Label15(L15): Control Console – Identification
LED Indications
1) Yellow colour indicates system is getting prepared to take X-Ray by
PREP / READY LED preheating filament.
2) Green colour indicates system is ready to take X-Ray.
X-RAY ON LED 1) X-Ray on Indication
FAULT LED 1) When there is a fault in the system, FAULT LED will glow in Red colour.
KEY Functions
1) Increments the set kV in steps of 1 and jumps to steps of 5 for continuous
kV INCREMENT KEY pressing.
2) Inactive if kV is preset at 100.
1) Decrements the set kV in steps of 1 and jumps to steps of 5 for

kV DECREMENT KEY continuous pressing.
2) Inactive if kV is preset at 40.
1) Increments the set mAs in steps of 0.1 and jumps to steps of 1 and then
mAs INCREMENT KEY to 10 for continuous pressing.
2) Inactive if mAs is preset at maximum setting.
1) Decrements the set mAs in steps of 0.1 and jumps to steps of 1 and then
mAs DECREMENT KEY to 10 for continuous pressing.
2) Inactive if mAs is preset at 0.1.
RESET KEY 1) In fault state, this key resets the generator to standby mode. Some faults
cannot be reset by this key. They are reset only by switching off the power
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once and switching on again. These are called as “Power on reset faults”
and list is given in generator fault list Section 6.1.
2) In standby mode, displays Input voltage as Uin. Press KV INCREMENT

KEY for scrolling through other system parameters, DC bus voltage BUS,
heat sink temperature HSt, tank oil temperature Olt, PFC software version
PFC and Exposure count(number exposures delivered by tube)
1) Switches on and off the collimator lamp. Internal timer switches off the
LAMP KEY
light after 30seconds.
DISPLAY Indications
1) Displays default/set KV value in standby mode.
KV DISPLAY
2) Displays Error message Exx(where xx stands for code) in fault mode
1) Displays default/set mAs value in standby mode.

mAs DISPLAY 2) Displays Error code in fault mode. Refer generator fault list section for list
of faults.
3.5 Control And Indicators– Identifications (External Console)
LCD Display
MODE Key SET Key

PREP / READY / X-RAY ON LED
kV Increment Key mAs Increment Key
kV Decrement Key mAs Decrement Key

LAMP ON LED FAULT LED
LAMP ON Key RESET Key
Label (L24)- External Console- Identification
LED Indications
1) Yellow colour indicates system is getting prepared to take X-Ray by
PREP / READY / X-RAY preheating filament.
ON LED 2) Green colour indicates system is ready to take X-Ray.
3) X-Ray on Indication
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FAULT LED 1) When there is a fault in the system, FAULT LED will glow in Red colour.
LAMP ON LED 1) When the lamp is switched ON, LAMP ON LED will glow in yellow colour
KEY Functions
1) Increments the set kV in steps of 1 and jumps to steps of 5 for continuous

pressing.
kV INCREMENT KEY 2) Inactive if kV is preset at 100.
3) When MODE key is pressed, kV increment key is used to scroll various

program modes
1) Decrements the set kV in steps of 1 and jumps to steps of 5 for continuous

pressing.
kV DECREMENT KEY 2) Inactive if kV is preset at 40.
3) When MODE key is pressed, kV decrement key is used to scroll various

program modes
1) Increments the set mAs in steps of 0.1 and jumps to steps of 1 and then to
mAs INCREMENT KEY 10 for continuous pressing.
2) Inactive if mAs is preset at maximum setting.
1) Decrements the set mAs in steps of 0.1 and jumps to steps of 1 and then
mAs DECREMENT KEY to 10 for continuous pressing.
2) Inactive if mAs is preset at 0.1.
1) In fault state, this key resets the generator to standby mode. Some faults
cannot be reset by this key. They are reset only by switching off the power
RESET KEY
once and switching on again. These are called as “Power on reset faults” and
list is given in generator fault list Section 6.1.
1) Switches on and off the collimator lamp. Internal timer switches off the light
LAMP KEY
after 30seconds.
MODE KEY 1) Used to enter various programming Modes
DISPLAY Indications
1) Displays default/set kV & mAs value in standby mode.

LCD DISPLAY
2) Displays Error message in fault mode
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3.6 Mechanical Dimensions:
+4º
Illustration 8: Overall Dimension (Min position at 23° ): 1330×1188×716 (±50mm)
−1º
All dimensions are in mm
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Illustration 9: Overall dimension (Max position at 139° ±4°): 2050×1110×716 (±50 mm)
All dimensions are in mm
Page 20 of 73
Chapter 4 Operating The Unit
4 Operating The Unit

4.1 Before You Begin
Ensure that the operator has read and understood this manual regarding
operation of the system. Government regulators may require a licensed
operator to use this equipment. Check with your local seller regarding this.
CAUTION
Installation and use of radiation generating equipment is regulated by the

REGULATORY government or its authorized agencies in most countries. Check with your local
APPROVAL seller regarding site approvals or usage.
You should be well acquainted with the radiation protection methods for both
the operator and patient before attempting to use this equipment.
1) Majority of repeat exposures and inferior X-Ray images are attributed to the
storage, handling, use and developing of X-Ray films rather than the
FILM DEVELOPMENT
equipment itself. Ensure that the image capture films are stored and used as
per instructions.
Let the patient know that he/she is going to be X-Rayed. Avoid X-Rays or take
necessary precautions when X-Raying pregnant patients.
4.2 Power ON And Initial Checks

 Make sure that the unit is fully integrated as per the integration procedure (Refer installation
procedure file).
 Ensure proper illuminated environmental conditions before operating the device.
 Switch ON the mains power and POWER button provided in unit.
 On power up, integrated console will initially display the firmware version and then displays default
kV and mAs values. Default values will be 40 KV and 0.1 mAs or the previously configured value.
 External console shows a screen as SKANRAY SKANMOBILE on power up as shown below.
Page 21 of 73
 While this is displayed the console goes through a state of self test for making sure that all the
internal and external components of the console are working fine.
During this stage please do not press any keys on the keypad for they will be treated as a
keyboard error.
 Immediately following a successful self test the console displays a screen similar to the one as
shown below. All the processes in this console starts from the home screen.
 Default KV and mAs values will be displayed once the generator is ready to take X-Ray. Default
values will be 40 KV and 0.1 mAs or the previously configured value.
4.3 Modifying Exposure Parameters

4.3.1 Parameter Modification Screen: kV
 Use the kV INCREMENT/ DECREMENT keys to modify the kV to the desired value.
 The kV value displayed on the parameters pane (on the left side) will be updated with the new value.
4.3.2 Parameter Modification Screen: mAs

 Use the mAs INCREMENT/ DECREMENT keys to modify mAs.
 The mAs value on the parameters pane (on the right side) will be updated with the new value.
4.3.3 Mode Selection Screen

 Press the MODE button from the home screen to display the Mode selection list.
 A screen similar to the one shown below appears on the display.
 Use the kV INCREMENT/ DECREMENT keys to navigate within the list. Press these buttons until
the desired mode is highlighted.
 Press the SET key to use the highlighted mode.
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4.3.3.1 MEDIUM
 Under this there is a list of 23 different Anatomy that the User can configure for each anatomy for a
particular image receptor.
S/N Anatomy S/N Anatomy S/N Anatomy S/N Anatomy S/N Anatomy S/N Anatomy
1 Chest AP 5 Hip 9 Ankle 13 Humerus 17 Hand 21 L-Spine Lat
2 Chest Lat 6 Femur 10 Foot 14 Elbow 18 T-Spine AP 22 C-Spine AP
3 Abdomen 7 Knee 11 Shoulder 15 Forearm 19 T-Spine Lat 23 C-Spine Lat
4 Pelvis 8 Tibia 12 Swimmers 16 Wrist 20 L-Spine AP
 Use the kV INCREMENT / DECREMENT keys to navigate within the list. Press these buttons until
the desired setting is highlighted.
 Press the SET key to use the highlighted mode. The default values are displayed. Pressing the
MODE key without saving returns to home screen without any changes.
 Now set kV and mAs parameters and press SET key, automatically save the parameters into
particular anatomy.
4.3.3.2 THIN
 Use the kV INCREMENT/DECREMENT keys to navigate within the list. Press these buttons until the
desired desired setting is highlighted.
particular anatomy.
4.3.3.3 THICK
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 Use the kV INCREMENT/DECREMENT keys to navigate within the list. Press these buttons until the
desired desired setting is highlighted.
particular anatomy.
4.3.4 Exposure History

 The console stores the last 30 exposures in its internal memory and is not erased by a power down.
You may use one of these exposure details to deliver a new exposure.
 By default the most recent exposure appears at the top of the list followed by the older ones. Now
use the kV INCREMENT/DECREMENT keys to select one from the list and press SET key to load
into home screen.
4.3.5 Sleep Mode

 When left unattended for 10 minutes, the external console goes to sleep mode as shown below.
4.4 Positioning X-Ray Beam Using Collimator

 Open collimator shutters using the knob provided in collimator.
 Press LAMP KEY to turn on the light field.
 Adjust the light field using the 2 knobs(Dials) provided in collimator, as per the table below. The light
field adjusted will be the X-Ray field while taking X-Ray. Align the centre of the grid to centre of the
Image receptor. Grid is indicating centre of the X-Ray beam axis.
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 There is an automatic timer of 30 seconds for collimator light. This will switch off the light after 30
seconds. If the light field adjustment is still required, press the LAMP KEY again.
 Press LAMP KEY or the preparation button in the Exposure Hand Switch to switch off the collimator
lamp, if it is on.
4.5 Delivering An Exposure

 Set the kV and mAs to required values.
 Press the actuator of the exposure handswitch to level I prep (preparation) as shown in Illustration
10. PREP/READY LED will glow in yellow colour and the buzzer will beep audibly in periodic fashion.
This indicates system is getting prepared to take X-Ray.
Illustration 10: Exposure Handswitch
Do not extend the cable of the exposure handswitch beyond 4 meters.
 The external console displays the screen as shown below
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 When the generator is ready to take X-Ray, PREP/READY LED will turn to green and buzzer will
beep audibly in periodic fashion at twice the rate of the beep during preparation mode. The external
console displays as shown below
 Press the actuator of the exposure handswitch to level II exposure as shown in Illustration 10 to take
X-Ray and hold till the buzzer stops or X-RAY ON LED goes off. Buzzer and X-RAY ON LED will be
continuously ON throughout the exposure time. During exposure the external console displays as
shown below
 Feed back kV and mAs values will be displayed after exposures for few seconds.
 Generator enters cooling mode after taking each X-Ray. Generator cooling mode is indicated in
display as “CLG Prd”. Cooling period depends on the exposure time. The external console displays
as shown below.
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Do not switch off the generator while generator is in cooling mode.
There is a fan provided inside the generator for cooling, which needs specific time
to cool the generator electronics before taking next X- Ray. Power OFF/ON reset X- Ray exposures
taken before elapsing cooling period may lead to malfunctioning of generator.
 Generator will display previously set kV and mAs values after the completion of cooling period and is
ready to take next exposure.
4.6 User Default Parameter Configuration Settings

Please follow the procedure below sequentially without break. If any wrong key is pressed, repeat
the procedure from the beginning. Setting Default parameters can be done only with internal
console.
 Press RESET KEY once to take the Generator to parameter display mode.
 After one second delay, press RESET KEY once more to take the generator to standby mode
(Shows default kV and mAs) followed by mAs DECREMENT KEY immediately.
 The generator enters into Default Parameter Configuration mode (It shows last configured
parameters if set, if not, then it shows 40 kV, 0.1 mAs).
 Change the kV and mAs values to suit the operator's requirements.
 After the values are set, press RESET KEY once followed by mAs DECREMENT KEY immediately.
 The unit enters into standby mode with the previously configured parameters.
 The configuration will be retained once the unit is switched OFF and ON and will be displayed as
default value henceforth.
 If the operator wants to change the default values, repeat the above procedure.
Page 27 of 73
Chapter 5 Maintenance
5 Maintenance
5.1 Cleaning And Disinfecting
1) Use a soft cloth damped in a mild soap solution for cleaning the outside
surfaces of the unit.
2) Do not spray or let the cleaning fluid enter the unit.
3) Periodic disinfecting of the unit is required for hygiene. Disinfect with a

compatible low or intermediate level instrument grade disinfectant after
cleaning.
4) Use a non-acetone based disinfectant liquid. Very mild detergent is

recommended for cleaning the equipment.
5.2 Caring For Your Equipment

 Do not allow the unit to impact with any hard surfaces.
 Switch off the unit when leaving for the day or when not used for a long time.
 Ensure that the unit is not subject to direct sunlight.
 Do not operate the swivel arm without pressing the gas spring actuating / push button.
 Do not force the arm mechanisms or tube head into a position it is not designed for. There are
movement stoppers provided.
 Do not hang external loads or weights on the tube head or extension arm. The arm and base units
are designed for its own weight and may not hold an additional weight.
 Schedule and carry out periodic maintenance checks.
 Place the Tube head assembly to the parking position (23º angle of swivel arm) when not in use.
5.3 Shipping And Long Term Storage

 Use the original packing box for shipping / transporting the unit.
 When not using for a long time, cover the unit with dust proof covers and ensure the unit is not
exposed to harsh environments
 When re-starting after long (more than 3 months) storage, take the unit through a ‘seasoning’
procedure to ensure the tube head operates at its optimum. Following procedure explains the
seasoning process.
• Set the kV and mAs to the minimum value
• Give 5 exposures
• Increase kV in steps of 5 kV and repeat step 2
• Repeat step 3 till the maximum kV is reached
Page 29 of 73
Chapter 5 Maintenance
5.4 Preventive Maintenance

 For continued service support, ensure you have entered into an annual maintenance program. This
will ensure that qualified engineers periodically keep a check on the equipment.
 It is advised that the unit be subject to a maintenance schedule once every year after 1 st year of
usage
 All servicing should be done by qualified personnel.
5.5 Disposal Of The Unit

 Do not dispose this unit as general waste. It contains elements that could be toxic.
 Do not attempt to dispose this unit as scrap.
 Do not open the unit. The unit can be refurbished only by a Skanray qualified technician.
 Local governments would have rules and regulations on waste disposal of electronic goods. Please
follow the local guidelines.
 Your distributor could also buy back the unit to be disposed off.
 Contact the factory for shipping back units for disposal against relevant disposal charges.
Page 30 of 73
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
6 Troubleshooting
6.1 Errors & Warnings
When generator is in fault mode, fault code and fault description will be displayed as “E” followed by 2 digit
fault code in kV DISPLAY and 3 digit fault description in mAs DISPLAY. Refer table below for complete list.
S/N ERROR CODE ERROR DESCRIPTION DISPLAY ERROR DESCRIPTION

01 E03 bAL kV Unbalance
02 E22 FIL Filament Open
03 E24 PrP Preparation Error
04 E25 oN X-RAY ON switch ON
05 E26 CAL No calibration
06 E27 Abt Exposure abort
07 E29 noP PFC not ON by Prep
08 E30 nod PFC not received Power
09 E33,E35 noC No PFC Communication
10 E42 CAP Calibration Problem (wrong data)
11 E16,E43 oCC Over Current Cathode
12 E17,E44 oCA Over Current Anode
13 E18,E45 FoC Filament Over Current
14 E14,E46 AoU Anode Over Voltage
15 E13,E47 CoU Cathode Over Voltage
16 E10,E48,E52 ASP Anode Spit
17 E12,E51 IoC Inverter Over Current
18 E11,E49,E53 CSP Cathode Spit
19 E50,E54 ArC Tube ARC
20 E15,E57 bSC DC Bus Short Circuit
21 E01 oPn Cable Open
22 E04 oUU Output under Voltage (kV)
23 E05 OOU Output Over Voltage (kV)
24 E36 PoC PFC Over Current
25 E37 PoU PFC Over Voltage (DC Bus)
26 E38 bUL DC Bus OFF
27 E40 IUU Input Under Voltage
28 E41 IoU Input Over Voltage
29 E02 OLt OIL Hot
30 E06 HSt Heat Sink Hot
Page 31 of 73
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
Listed below are the troubleshooting tips to help you recover from an error condition.
S/N OBSERVED PROBLEM RECOMMENDED ACTION
Error state with error code from Press RESET KEY. Generator will return to standby state.
1.
S / N 1 to S / N 20 If the problem persists, request service call
Switch off mains power. Wait for 2 minutes. Switch on mains
Error state with error code from
2. power.
S / N 21 to S / N 24
If the problem persists, request service call.
These faults are generated when defined operating
Error state with error code from specification/conditions are not met. These faults will be
3.
S / N 25 to S / N 30 automatically cleared if operating conditions comes back to
defined specifications.
Check if switch illuminates.
If not, there may be a loose contact at the wall socket end.
Or the wall outlet is not receiving power. Check local

electrical circuit for trips.
The unit does not power on when If switch is illuminating, then check the following.
4.
mains is switched on. Ensure that the mains cable connection to the power socket
in system is proper.
Switch off mains power. Wait for 2 minutes. Switch on mains

power.
If the problem persists, request service call.

Verify film development and storage method. The films could
No X-Ray image even through the
5. be damaged or the chemicals could be contaminated
unit indicates normal exposure
Log a service call to validate exposure quality.
This can be due to normal wear and tear or using excess
Tube head generator assembly
force on the tube head generator during its rotation.
6. drifting with respect to swivel arm
Tighten the Nylock nut as described in the integration
axis.
procedure.
7. Collimator light not working Request a service call.
Page 32 of 73
Chapter 7 Technical specifications
7 Technical specifications
7.1 Tube-head Specifications
Generator Type : High Frequency, DSP Controlled, Constant Potential (DC)
Control of High Voltage : Closed Loop
High Voltage Range : 40 kV – 100 kV Settable (Step size 1 kV)
Accuracy of High Voltage : < ± 5%
Generator Frequency : Upto 200kHz
High Voltage Ripple : Low frequency ripple < 4%
High frequency ripple < 10%

High Voltage Rise Time : < 3 mS
Control of Tube Current : Closed Loop
Tube-head current range : 10 mA – 100 mA
Maximum Exposure Time : 5 seconds @ 230 Vac / 110 Vac input.
Minimum Exposure Time : 10 mS
mAs range : 0.1mAs to 250mAs @ 230 Vac / 110 Vac input, limited to maximum
power.
mAs accuracy : < ± (5%+0.2mAs) for >1mAs and < ± (10%+0.2mAs) for ≤ 1mAs
Duty Cycle : 1:30 Duty cycle for exposure ≥ 1 sec and minimum of 30sec off / rest
time & auto limit based on temperature.
Mode of Operation : Continuous operation with intermittent loading with rest time of
minimum 30sec and 1:30 duty cycle (for exposures ≥1sec) adaptive
and auto limit based on temperature.
Type of cooling : Forced cooling, 8200RPM,10.8CFM
Additional X-Ray filtration : Minimum 2.0 mm Al equivalent
Total X-Ray filtration : ≥ 3.6mm AL equivalent @ 100kV
Minimum focus to skin distance : 300 mm
Maximum X-Ray field : 480 mm X 480 mm at 1 meter from focal spot.
Leakage radiation @ 1meter : < 50 mR / Hour
Leakage radiation technique : 100 kV, 4 mAs (40 mA, 100 mSec)
Ingress Protection Classification : IP2X
Table 1: Tube head specifications
7.2 X-Ray Tube Insert Specifications

Tube Insert Model : OX105-2
Focal Spot (IEC60336) : 1.8 mm
Anode material : Tungsten
Anode angle : 19°
Insert Inherent filtration : 0.5 mm Al equivalent
Anode thermal capacity : 30 kJ
Nominal anode input power at 0.1s(DC) : 4200 W
Table 2:X-Ray tube insert specifications
Page 33 of 73
Illustration 11: X-Ray Tube Insert Thermal Data-OX/105-2
Illustration 12: X-Ray Tube Insert Rating Chart-OX/105-2
Page 34 of 73
Illustration 13 Heating and cooling curves of tube insert
Illustration 14: Reference axis to which target angle and focal spot characteristics of the tube head
assembly
7.3 Dimensions And Weight

Total Weight of System : 85 kg max for 230 V unit and 97 kg max for 110 V unit
Weight of Tube Head including collimator : 25 kg max
Weight of collimator : 5 kg max
Weight of trolley including SLS and Gas spring : 60 kg max for 230 V unit and 62 kg max for 110 V unit
Type of painting : Semi Glossy
+30 +4º
Vertical travel at minimum position : 384 −10
mm @ 23º −1º
Vertical travel at maximum position : 2050 ± 50 mm @ 139º ± 4°

Horizontal Reach with tube head : 1334 ± 50 mm
Rotation of Tube head on horizontal arm : 360°
Swivel angle of Tube head on horizontal arm : < 290°
Table 3:Dimensions and Weight
Page 35 of 73
7.4 Mains Power Requirements

Line voltage range : 230 Vac ± 10% / 110 Vac ± 10%
Line frequency : 50 Hz ± 5% / 60 Hz ± 5%
Maximum / Momentary Input current : ≤ 16 Amps for 230 Vac / < 35 Amps for 110 Vac
Standby input current : 0.6A max for 230 Vac input / 2.5A max for 110 Vac input
Electrical Connection : Line, Neutral and Earth (Earth is Mandatory)
Table 4:Mains Power Requirement
7.5 Environmental Conditions

Operating conditions Conditions for transport and storage
Temperature : +10°C to +40°C Temperature : -30°C to +70°C
Humidity : 25% to 75% Humidity : 95 % non condensing
Altitude : 1500m Altitude : 3500m
Table 5: Environmental conditions
Page 36 of 73
Chapter Annex A: Exposure Time & mA List For Selected kV And mAs SKANMOBILE‒ High Frequency
(230 V /110 V) Diagnostic X-Ray system
Annex A: Exposure Time & mA List For Selected kV And mAs (230 V /110 V)
Definitions:
kV Set kV
mAs Set mAs
Exp-Time(mSec) Calculated X-Ray ON time for set mAs, in milliseconds
mA Calculated mA for set mAs
S/N kV mAs Exp- mA S/N kV mAs Exp- mA

Time(mSec) Time(mSec)
1 40 0.1 10 10 30 40 200 4000 50
2 40 0.2 10 20 31 40 250 5000 50
3 40 0.3 10 30 32 50 0.1 10 10
4 40 0.4 10 40 33 50 0.2 10 20
5 40 0.5 10 50 34 50 0.3 10 30
6 40 0.6 10 60 35 50 0.4 10 40
7 40 0.7 10 70 36 50 0.5 10 50
8 40 0.8 10 80 37 50 0.6 10 60
9 40 0.9 10 90 38 50 0.7 10 70
10 40 1 10 100 39 50 0.8 10 80
11 40 2 20 100 40 50 0.9 11.25 80
12 40 3 30 100 41 50 1 12.50 80
13 40 4 40 100 42 50 2 25 80
14 40 5 50 100 43 50 3 37.50 80
15 40 6 60 100 44 50 4 50 80
16 40 7 70 100 45 50 5 62.50 80
17 40 8 80 100 46 50 6 75 80
18 40 9 90 100 47 50 7 87.50 80
19 40 10 100 100 48 50 8 100 80
20 40 20 320 62.5 49 50 9 128.57 70
21 40 30 480 62.5 50 50 10 142.86 70
22 40 40 800 50 51 50 20 400 50
23 40 50 1000 50 52 50 30 750 40
24 40 60 1200 50 53 50 40 1000 40
25 40 70 1400 50 54 50 50 1250 40
26 40 80 1600 50 55 50 60 1500 40
27 40 90 1800 50 56 50 70 1750 40
28 40 100 2000 50 57 50 80 2000 40
29 40 150 3000 50 58 50 90 2250 40
Page 37 of 73

59 50 100 2500 40 94 70 0.3 10 30
60 50 150 3750 40 95 70 0.4 10 40
61 50 200 5000 40 96 70 0.5 10 50
62 60 0.1 10 10 97 70 0.6 10.50 57.14
63 60 0.2 10 20 98 70 0.7 12.25 57.14
64 60 0.3 10 30 99 70 0.8 14 57.14
65 60 0.4 10 40 100 70 0.9 15.75 57.14
66 60 0.5 10 50 101 70 1 17.50 57.14
67 60 0.6 10 60 102 70 2 35 57.14
68 60 0.7 10.50 66.66 103 70 3 52.50 57.14
69 60 0.8 12 66.66 104 70 4 70 57.14
70 60 0.9 13.50 66.66 105 70 5 87.50 57.14
71 60 1 15 66.66 106 70 6 120 50
72 60 2 30 66.66 107 70 7 140 50
73 60 3 45 66.66 108 70 8 186.70 42.85
74 60 4 60.01 66.66 109 70 9 210.04 42.85
75 60 5 75.01 66.66 110 70 10 233.37 42.85
76 60 6 90.01 66.66 111 70 20 701.75 28.5
77 60 7 120.01 58.33 112 70 30 1052.63 28.5
78 60 8 137.15 58.33 113 70 40 1403.51 28.5
79 60 9 180 50 114 70 50 1754.39 28.5
80 60 10 200 50 115 70 60 2105.26 28.5
81 60 20 480.08 41.66 116 70 70 2456.14 28.5
82 60 30 900.90 33.3 117 70 80 2807.02 28.5
83 60 40 1201.20 33.3 118 70 90 3157.89 28.5
84 60 50 1501.50 33.3 119 70 100 3508.77 28.5
85 60 60 1801.80 33.3 120 70 142 4982.46 28.5
86 60 70 2102.10 33.3 121 80 0.1 10 10
87 60 80 2402.40 33.3 122 80 0.2 10 20
88 60 90 2702.70 33.3 123 80 0.3 10 30
89 60 100 3003 33.3 124 80 0.4 10 40
90 60 150 4504.50 33.3 125 80 0.5 10 50
91 60 166 4984.98 33.3 126 80 0.6 12 50
92 70 0.1 10 10 127 80 0.7 14 50
93 70 0.2 10 20 128 80 0.8 16 50
Page 38 of 73

129 80 0.9 18 50 164 90 6 180.02 33.33
130 80 1 20 50 165 90 7 210.02 33.33
131 80 2 40 50 166 90 8 240.02 33.33
132 80 3 60 50 167 90 9 324.09 27.77
133 80 4 80 50 168 90 10 360.10 27.77
134 80 5 100 50 169 90 20 900.09 22.22
135 80 6 137.14 43.75 170 90 30 1350.14 22.22
136 80 7 186.67 37.5 171 90 40 1800.18 22.22
137 80 8 213.33 37.5 172 90 50 2250.23 22.22
138 80 9 240 37.5 173 90 60 2700.27 22.22
139 80 10 320 31.25 174 90 70 3150.32 22.22
140 80 20 800 25 175 90 80 3600.36 22.22
141 80 30 1200 25 176 90 90 4050.41 22.22
142 80 40 1600 25 177 90 100 4500.45 22.22
143 80 50 2000 25 178 90 111 4995.50 22.22
144 80 60 2400 25 179 100 0.1 10 10
145 80 70 2800 25 180 100 0.2 10 20
146 80 80 3200 25 181 100 0.3 10 30
147 80 90 3600 25 182 100 0.4 10 40
148 80 100 4000 25 183 100 0.5 12.50 40
149 80 125 5000 25 184 100 0.6 15 40
150 90 0.1 10 10 185 100 0.7 17.50 40
151 90 0.2 10 20 186 100 0.8 20 40
152 90 0.3 10 30 187 100 0.9 22.50 40
153 90 0.4 10 40 188 100 1 25 40
154 90 0.5 11.25 44.44 189 100 2 50 40
155 90 0.6 13.50 44.44 190 100 3 75 40
156 90 0.7 15.75 44.44 191 100 4 100 40
157 90 0.8 18 44.44 192 100 5 142.86 35
158 90 0.9 20.25 44.44 193 100 6 200 30
159 90 1 22.50 44.44 194 100 7 233.33 30
160 90 2 45 44.44 195 100 8 320 25
161 90 3 67.51 44.44 196 100 9 360 25
162 90 4 90.01 44.44 197 100 10 400 25
163 90 5 128.60 38.88 198 100 20 1000 20
Page 39 of 73

199 100 30 1500 20 203 100 70 3500 20
200 100 40 2000 20 204 100 80 4000 20
201 100 50 2500 20 205 100 90 4500 20
202 100 60 3000 20 206 100 100 5000 20
Note:
 The above indicated mA and exposure time are valid for nominal input voltage of 230 Vac / 110 Vac
 If the input voltage goes above 230 Vac / 110 Vac, mA increases and exposure time decreases for
corresponding mAs.
 If the input voltage goes below 230 Vac / 110 Vac, mA decreases and exposure time increases for
corresponding mAs.
Page 40 of 73
Users' Manual
SKANMOBILE‒ High Frequency Diagnostic X-Ray system
Annex B: Basic X-Ray techniques used for Different Anatomy.

Note:
1) The below mentioned X-Ray protocol and methods are for indication only. Operator is solely responsible for deciding the protocol and method of taking X-Ray.
These are average exposures using a Kodak X-Ray Film, exposures may vary dramatically between different film/screen combinations, CR or DR systems
2) Generally X-Ray source does not deteriorate. Image quality can get affected due to chemical degradation over a period of time or wrong film developing
techniques. Please check with chemical manufacturer for proper usage of the developing chemicals.
3) This table is applicable to average 70 kg patient.
4) For a patient of average of more than 70 kgs, increase kV by 5 and mAs by 3.
5) For a patient of average of less than 70 kgs, decrease kV by 5 and mAs by 3.
6) These parameters are valid for 400 speed film.
7) This table is valid for 230 V, 50 Hz / 110 V, 60 Hz only.
Pictorial
S/N Image Radiation Protection kV mAs FFD cm Patient position
Representation
The patient stands erect AP median saggital plane 90 degrees to
Direct lead rubber gonad protection the film coronal plane parallel to the film. The arm is placed in
Shoulder using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating normal anatomical position palm forwards with the distal humeral
1 65 8 100
survey AP the thyroid and breast tissue as much epicondyles equidistant from the film, with slight (15 degree)
as possible. abduction. Take care to prevent the patient leaning backwards and
hunching up the shoulder
The patient stands erect AP median saggital plane 90 degrees to
the film coronal plane parallel to the film, the patient is then rotated
Direct lead rubber gonad protection 35 to 45 degrees to the affected side until the dorsal surface of the
Shoulder using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating scapula is parallel to the film. The arm is placed in normal
2 55 10 100
joint AP the thyroid and breast tissue as much anatomical position palm forwards with the distal humeral
as possible. epicondyles equidistant from the film, with slight (15 degree)
abduction. Take care to prevent the patient leaning backwards and
hunching up the shoulder.
Page 41 of 73
SKANMOBILE‒ High Frequency Diagnostic X-Ray
Basic X-Ray techniques used for Different Anatomy.
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient lies supine with the shoulder raised up on a small pad
about 2 inches and the head supported, the trunk and legs are
angled away from the side to be imaged which is placed safely near
Direct lead rubber gonad protection
Infro – the edge of the trolley or couch top. The arm of the affected side is
using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating
3 superior 55 12 100 abducted 90 degrees and the elbow flexed to aid external rotation
the thyroid and breast tissue as much
Supine and supported (a drip stand can be a useful aid). A small cassette
as possible.
is placed using a small sandbag above the skin surface of the
shoulder well into the root of the neck which is fixed towards the
opposite side
The patient is seated with their back to the couch or horizontal
Direct lead rubber gonad protection bucky, the trunk is rotated 30 degrees to the affected side so that
Modified
using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating the blade of the scapula is parallel to the edge of the table, if
4 axial ( 65 8 150
the thyroid and breast tissue as much possible the tip of the elbow rests on the edge of the table top. The
Wallace)
as possible cassette is placed horizontally behind the humerus and in contact
with the arm.
The patient stands erect facing the cassette and is rotated into the
60 degree anterior oblique position, of the side under investigation,
the radiographers hand placed on the posterior skin surface should
Scapula using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating
5 65 9 100 be at right angles to the film, the median saggital plane at
Lateral the thyroid and breast tissue as much
approximately 60 degrees to the cassette. The arm of the affected
as possible
side should be brought posterior to the elbow flexed slightly and the
back of the hand placed on the buttock of the affected side.
The patient stands erect facing the film, leans forward to bring the
clavicle as close as possible and parallel to the film, coronal plane
using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating
6 Clavicle PA 65 6 100 approximately 20 degree anterior angle, median saggital plane 10
the thyroid and breast tissue as much
degrees forward into the anterior oblique position of the side under
as possible
investigation.
Page 42 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating The patient stands erect AP median saggital plane 90 degrees to
the thyroid and breast tissue as much the film coronal plane parallel to the film. Take care to prevent the
as possible. Rather than irradiating the patient leaning backwards and hunching up the shoulder. Two
Acromio –
whole width of the chest some centres exposure one each side / both sides are made, the first pair in the
7 Clavicular 65 8 100
prefer individually centred collimated normal relaxed position and the second with the patient holding a
Joints AP
images of each area. However this 1.5 kg wt in each hand to stress the joint and accentuate any
does not demonstrate the medial end subuxation or an unstable joint. Weights suspended from wrist band
of clavicles which may be involved in rather than being held reduces shoulder hunching.
an injury
The patient stands erect AP; the position of the film is adjusted to
Direct lead rubber gonad protection include the shoulder and elbow joints. The patients arm is abducted
Humerus using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating approximately 20 degrees and externally rotated to bring the distal
8 65 7 100
AP the thyroid and breast tissue as much epicondyles equidistant from the film, the patient may need to be
as possible rotated to the affected side. The humerus may need to be
positioned diagonally across the film to include the full length.
The patient stands erect PA, the position of the film is adjusted to
include the shoulder and elbow joints, with the humerus in contact
with the cassette, i.e. rotated into the anterior oblique position
approximately 20 degrees. The arm is abducted approximately 35
Humerus using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating
9 48 6 100 degrees away from the trunk and the palm of the hand placed on
Lateral the thyroid and breast tissue as much
the iliac crest to bring an imaginary line through distal humeral
as possible
epicondyles at 90 degrees to the film, elbow in true lateral position.
The humerus may need to be positioned diagonally across the film
to include the full length
Page 43 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient sits alongside the end of the table with the affected arm
fully extended and the hand supinated, the table top should be
Direct lead rubber gonad protection raised to the level of the lower border of the axilla so the whole arm
Forearm using a "half apron". Ensure lower is supported and parallel to the cassette. The patient should lean
10 50 6 100
AP limbs and torso are not below table top externally to bring the humeral epicondyles equidistant from the
in primary beam film, in this position the wrist will be externally rotated from AP. It is
not possible to view proximal and distal ends in true AP position, it
is best to ensure that the area of most interest is projected correctly
The patient sits alongside the end of the table with the affected
elbow flexed at 90 degrees and the hand rotated externally into the
using a "half apron".
Forearm true lateral position, the table top should be raised to the level of the
11 Ensure the lower limbs and torso is 50 6 100
Lateral lower border of the axilla so the whole arm is supported and parallel
not below the table top in the primary
to the cassette. The hand may need to be supported on a small pad
beam.
to bring to superimpose the humeral epicondyles.
The patient sits alongside the end of the table with the affected arm
Direct lead rubber gonad protection fully extended and the hand supinated, the table top should be
using a "half apron". Ensure lower raised to the level of the lower border of the axilla so the whole arm
12 Elbow AP 48 6 100
limbs and torso are not below table top is supported and parallel to the cassette. The patient should lean
in primary beam externally to bring the humeral epicondyles equidistant from the
film, in this position the wrist will be externally rotated from AP
Direct lead rubber gonad protection elbow flexed at 90 degrees and the hand rotated externally into the
Elbow using a "half apron". Ensure lower true lateral position, the table top should be raised to the level of the
13 50 7 100
Lateral limbs and torso are not below table top lower border of the axilla so the whole arm is supported and parallel
in primary beam to the cassette. The hand may need to be supported on a small pad
to bring to superimpose the humeral epicondyles
Page 44 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
Direct lead rubber gonad protection elbow flexed at 90 degrees and the hand rotated externally into the
Elbow
using a "half apron". Ensure lower true lateral position, the table top should be raised to the level of the
14 head of 55 6 100
limbs and torso are not below table top lower border of the axilla so the whole arm is supported and parallel
radius
in primary beam to the cassette. The hand may need to be supported on a small pad
to bring to superimpose the humeral epicondyles

Elbow using a "half apron". Ensure lower From the AP position the patients elbow is flexed maximally, ensure
15 55 6 100
Axial limbs and torso are not below table top that the humeral epicondyles are equidistant to the film
in primary beam
Direct lead rubber gonad protection The patient sits alongside the long edge of the table arm extended
using a "half apron". Ensure lower palm downwards, or at the end of the table with the elbow flexed at
16 Wrist PA 46 3 100
limbs and torso are not below table top 90 degrees, hand and wrist flat on the cassette with the fingers
in primary beam flexed to maximize contact of the wrist with the cassette
Direct lead rubber gonad protection The patient sits alongside the long edge of the table arm extended
Wrist using a "half apron". Ensure lower palm downwards, or at the end of the table with he elbow flexed at
17 48 4 100
Lateral limbs and torso are not below table top 90 degrees, hand and wrist flat rotated external to bring the radio
in primary beam and ulna styloid processes in vertical alignment.
The patient sits alongside the long edge of the table arm extended
Direct lead rubber gonad protection palm downwards, or at the end of the table with he elbow flexed at
Wrist using a "half apron". Ensure lower 90 degrees, hand and wrist flat on the cassette with the fingers
18 45 5 100
Oblique limbs and torso are not below table top flexed to maximize contact of the wrist with the cassette. The wrist
in primary beam and forearm are then externally rotated 45 degrees and supported
on a foam pad.
Page 45 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
Wrist The patient sits alongside the long edge of the table arm extended
Angled for palm downwards, or at the end of the table with he elbow flexed at
using a "half apron". Ensure lower
19 Scaphoid + 50 5 100 90 degrees, hand and wrist flat on the cassette with the fingers
limbs and torso are not below table top
Ulnar flexed to maximize contact of the wrist with the cassette. The hand
in primary beam
deviation and fingers are then maximally deviated laterally (ulna deviation).
The patient sits alongside the end of the table elbow flexed palm
Hand downwards, or at the end of the table with he elbow flexed at 90
using a "half apron". Ensure lower
20 Dorsi- 45 5 100 degrees, hand and wrist flat on the cassette the elbow may need a
limbs and torso are not below table top
Palmar small pad to promote contact of the hand with the cassette. The
in primary beam
fingers can be spread slightly
downwards, or at the end of the table with he elbow flexed at 90
Hand DP using a "half apron". Ensure lower
21 45 5 100 degrees, hand and wrist flat on the cassette the hand is then
Oblique limbs and torso are not below table top
rotated laterally 35 to 45 degrees laterally and supported so that the
in primary beam
fingers are parallel to the film
The patient sits alongside the end of the table elbow flexed and the
Direct lead rubber gonad protection hand in true lateral position the fingers are then flexed and the
Finger using a "half apron". Ensure lower finger in question extended parallel to the film, a radio lucent pointer
22 50 5 100
Lateral limbs and torso are not below table top may aid maintenance of the extension. For fingers other than the
in primary beam middle the hand is rotated to the lateral position bringing the finger
in question nearest the film or in contact with it for the 2nd and 5th
Page 46 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The PA position is easiest for the patient however the AP projection
produces less magnification and better detail as the thumb is in
contact with the cassette. PA Position, The patient sits alongside
the end of the table elbow flexed palm downwards, or at the end of
the table with he elbow flexed at 90 degrees, the hand is rotated
Thumb using a "half apron". Ensure lower
23 45 5 100 into the true later position projecting the thumb clear of
PA/AP limbs and torso are not below table top
superimposition with the fifth metacarpal. AP Position, The patient
in primary beam
stand with their back to the table and the arm is extended and
internally rotted to bring the palmar aspect of the thumb facing
upwards, adjust the table height to a comfortable position, adjust
the rotation of the arm to bring the thumb into true AP position
downwards, or at the end of the table with he elbow flexed at 90
degrees, hand and wrist flat on the cassette the elbow may need a
Thumb using a "half apron". Ensure lower
24 50 5 100 small pad to promote contact of the hand with the cassette. The
Lateral limbs and torso are not below table top
fingers can be spread slightly. The thumb is abducted and the hand
in primary beam
internally rotated and supported in position such that the thumb is
lateral and in contact with the cassette.
The patient lies supine on the table with the femur under
examination aligned to the midline of the table. The femur is aligned
25 Femur AP Direct lead rubber gonad protection 50 8 100 in slight internal rotation to bring the distal femoral condyles
equidistant from the film, ensure the knee joint is projected onto the
film
26 Femur Direct lead rubber gonad protection 52 10 100 (Non Trauma)The patient lies on the affected side and the upper
Lateral limb is flexed maximally and drawn up over and in front of the
affected limb and supported suitably. the knee of the affected side is
flexed 20 degrees to aid stability, and the long axis of the femur is
aligned to the long axis of the table.(Trauma cases require a
Page 47 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
horizontal ray lateral)With the patient supine on the table and the
affected limb aligned to the long axis of the table. A small support is
placed under the knee to raise the knee off the table, the unaffected
leg is flexed 90 degrees at the hip and knee and supported
The patient lies supine on the table legs extended and the affected
limb aligned to the long axis of the table. The leg is rotated inwards
27 Knee AP Direct lead rubber gonad protection 48 6 100 until the femoral condyles are equidistant from the film or the patella
is midway between the femoral condyles. The tibia should be
parallel to the film
(Non Trauma)The patient lies on the affected side and the upper
limb is flexed maximally and drawn up over and in front of the
affected limb and supported suitably. The knee of the affected side
is flexed 45 degrees. The femoral condyles should be in vertical
Knee
28 Direct lead rubber gonad protection 50 7 100 alignment and the tibia parallel to the table. (Trauma cases require
Lateral
a horizontal ray lateral)With the patient supine on the table and the
affected limb aligned to the long axis of the table. A small support is
placed under the knee to raise the knee and support it in
approximately 25 degrees of flexion
Patient Prone, The patient lies prone on the table with the long axis
Knee of the leg aligned to the long axis of the table. The knee is flexed 45
29 Intercondyl Direct lead rubber gonad protection 55 7 100 degrees and the ankle supported. Patient supine, The patient sits
ar notch on the table with the long axis of the leg aligned to the long axis of
the table, the knee is flexed 45 degrees
Page 48 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient lies prone on the table with the leg aligned to the long
axis of the table, and supported so that the femoral condyles are
Knee PA Direct lead rubber gonad protection
30 55 7 100 equidistant from the film and the patella centred midway between
Patella using a "half apron".
the condyles. Note this position may note be possible on an injured
patient
The patient sits on the table with the long axis of the leg in line with
the long axis of the table, the affected limb is flexed to bring the
Knee Axial internal angle to 45 degrees, the tibia and fibula are in line with the
31 Patella 55 7 100 femur There are several variations to this projection in position of
"Skyline" the patient for minimizing radiation dose to the gonads by avoiding
directing the central ray in line with the rest of the body and comfort
and ease of performing the examination.
The patient lies supine on the table with the long axis of the tibia
and fibula in line with the long axis of the table. If the leg is
positioned in true anatomical normal position with neither the knee
Tibia & Direct lead rubber gonad protection
32 48 7 100 or ankle joint will be projected in the "normal " AP position, therefore
Fibula AP using a "half apron".
it is probably best to position the joint nearest the suspected
anomaly in correct AP position, i.e. when the knee is in true AP
position the ankle will be internally rotated more than normal
The patient lies supine on the table with the long axis of the tibia
and fibula in line with the long axis of the table and then rotates
externally to the affected side. If the leg is positioned in true
Tibia & anatomical normal position with neither the knee or ankle joint will
33 Fibula 50 7 100 be projected in the "normal " lateral position, therefore it is probably
Lateral best to position the joint nearest the suspected anomaly in correct
lateral position, i.e. when the knee is in true lateral position the
ankle will be externally rotated more than normal
Page 49 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient lies supine on the table legs extended, long axis of the
limb in line with the long axis of the table, the foot is dorsi flexed to
bring the plantar aspect 90 to the film. The patient then rotates
externally onto the affected side and flexes the knee slightly to aid
stability; a small pad under the knee will aid correct positioning. The
Ankle Direct lead rubber gonad protection
34 50 8 100 position is correct when the tibial and fibula malleoli are not in
Lateral using a "half apron".
vertical alignment but with the tibial malleolus approximately one
centimetre anterior to the fibula malleolus approximately. Note that
the foot is extremely mobile and rotating the foot externally may not
rotate the tibia and fibula, when rotating the ankle the whole leg has
to be rotated.
bring the plantar aspect 90 to the film. The patient then rotates
Ankle AP & stability; a small pad under the knee will aid correct positioning. The
35 Oblique 48 6 100 position is correct when the tibial and fibula malleoli are not in
(mortice) vertical alignment but with the tibial malleolus approximately one
centimetre anterior to the fibula malleolus approximately. Note that
the foot is extremely mobile and rotating the foot externally may not
rotate the tibia and fibula, when rotating the ankle the whole leg has
to be rotated.
The patient sits on the table legs extended, long axis of the limb in
Ankle
line with the long axis of the table, the foot is dorsi flexed to bring
Axial for Direct lead rubber gonad protection
36 50 7 100 the plantar aspect 90 to the film, a bandage round the foot held by
Calcaneu using a "half apron".
the patient may help to maintain this dorsi-flexion of the foot. the
m
long axis of the foot is positioned vertically
Page 50 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patients lies or sits on the table legs extended, the affected
37 Foot DP 45 6 100 limb is flexed at the knee to bring the plantar aspect of the foot in
flat contact with the cassette
The patients lies or sits on the table legs extended, the affected
Foot DP Direct lead rubber gonad protection limb is flexed at the knee to bring the plantar aspect of the foot in
38 48 7 100
Oblique using a "half apron". flat contact with the cassette, the foot is then rotated medially until
the dorsal skin surface is parallel to the cassette
Foot Direct lead rubber gonad protection
39 48 7 100 bring the plantar aspect 90 to the film. The patient then rotates
Lateral using a "half apron".
stability; a small pad under the knee will aid correct positioning.
Page 51 of 73
system
Axial Skeleton
Pictorial
Representation
The 28 day rule should be applied for female
patients. In males direct lead rubber gonad
The patient lies supine on the table with the mid-
protection can be applied at all times In females
saggital line in the center of the table. The legs are
direct lead rubber gonad protection is generally not
internally rotated approximately ten degrees by
1 Pelvis AP advised on the first examination, however if the 70 70 100
separating the heels 5 cm and bring the toes
patient is subsequently examined gonad protection
together in order to bring the femoral necks parallel
may be used if the area of interest is not obscured.
to the film to reduce foreshortening
On small patients the omission of a grid will reduced
the exposure
The patient lies supine on the table with the mid-
saggital line in the center of the table. The legs are
Hip joint direct lead rubber gonad protection is generally not
internally rotated approximately ten degrees by
2 AP advised on the first examination, however if the 60 50 100
separating the heels 5 cm and bring the toes
(implant) patient is subsequently examined gonad protection
together in order to bring the femoral necks parallel
to the film to reduce foreshortening
the exposure
The patient lies supine on the table, A.S.I.S.s
equidistant from the table top with the midsaggital
line in the center of the table, the affected limb is
turned inwards 10 degrees and supported using a
direct lead rubber gonad protection is generally not
sandbag or similar. The unaffected limb is flexed 90
Pelvis Hip advised on the first examination, however if the
3 70 60 100 degrees at the hip and knee and supported. A
lateral patient is subsequently examined gonad protection
24×30 cm grid is placed upright with the medial
side well into the waist and parallel to the neck of
the femur. A small pad under the patients buttocks
the exposure
raising the of the table may ease positioning
Page 52 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
patients. In males direct lead rubber gonad The patient lies supine on the table, A.S.I.S.s
protection can be applied at all times In females equidistant from the table top with the midsaggital
Pelvis Hips direct lead rubber gonad protection is generally not line in the center of the table. The hips and knees
4 "Frogs" advised on the first examination, however if the 70 60 100 are flexed and the soles of the feet placed together
Lateral patient is subsequently examined gonad protection in the midline, the knees are forced down towards
may be used if the area of interest is not obscured. the table top as far as possible. Ensure leg
On small patients the omission of a grid will reduced positioning is symmetrical
the exposure
The 28 day rule should be applied for female The patient lies supine on the table with the
patients. In males direct lead rubber gonad midsaggital line in the centre of the table. The
Pelvis Hip protection can be applied at all times In females affected side is raised 45 degrees and supported
Judets direct lead rubber gonad protection is generally not on pads with the legs extended or minimally flexed
5 view of advised on the first examination, however if the 80 50 100 to aid support. A second projection may be made
Acetabulu patient is subsequently examined gonad protection with the patient rotated 45 degrees onto the
m(1) may be used if the area of interest is not obscured. affected side and the central ray directed to a point
On small patients the omission of a grid will reduced midway along an imaginary line from the ASIS to
the exposure the symphysis on the affected side
Pelvis protection can be applied at all times In females
Leonard direct lead rubber gonad protection is generally not
6 George advised on the first examination, however if the 80 50 100
lateral patient is subsequently examined gonad protection
the exposure
Page 53 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient lies supine on the table with the long
axis of the body in line with the centre of the table,
Sacrum legs and knees extended. The anterior superior iliac
7 protection can be applied at all times On small 70 60 100
AP spines should be equidistant from the table
patients the omission of a grid will reduced the
ensuring there is no rotation of the mid saggital
exposure.
plane
The 28 day rule should be applied for female The patient lies on the table with the mid saggital
Sacrum & patients. In90 males direct lead rubber gonad plane parallel to the table, support under the waist
8 Coccyx protection can be applied at all times On small 85 80 100 may be required. The long axis of the patient
Lateral patients the omission of a grid will reduce the should be in line with the long axis of the table, the
exposure. hips and knees flexed to aid comfort and stability

patients. In males direct lead rubber gonad The patient lies prone on the table midline aligned
Sacro Iliac
9 protection can be applied at all times On small 75 40 100 to the midline of the table coronal plane parallel to
Joints PA
patients the omission of a grid will reduced the the table, a support under the ankles to aid comfort
exposure.
The examination may be performed either prone or

supine, supine will be described here prone is
shown by way of comparative example) In the
supine position the joint space on the raised side is
Sacro Iliac patients. In males direct lead rubber gonad
visualised. The patient lies supine on the table
10 Joints AP protection can be applied at all times On small 75 40 100
midline in line with the midline of the table, from this
Oblique patients the omission of a grid will reduced the
position the patient is rotated so the affected side is
exposure.
raised and the midsaggital plane is at an angle of
30 degrees from horizontal, and the patient
supported on radio lucent pads
Page 54 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient lies on the table with the mid saggital
Lumbar plane parallel to the table, support under the waist
Sacral and a pad between the knees may be required. The
11 patients. In males and females direct lead rubber 75 45 100
articulation long axis of the patient should be in line with the
gonad protection can be applied at all times
Lateral long axis of the table, the hips and knees flexed to
aid comfort and stability.
The patient lies supine on the table midline aligned

The 28 day rule should be applied for female to the midline of the table, the hips and knees
Lumbar
12 patients. In males and females direct lead rubber 70 60 100 flexed 45 degrees to reduce the lumbar curve, the
Spine AP
gonad protection can be applied at all times ASISs are equidistant from the table ensuring the
midsaggital plane is at 90 degrees to the table
The patient lies on the table with their long axis in

line with the long axis of the table, a line at a
tangent to the third lumbar vertebra should be in
Lumbar The 28 day rule should be applied for female line with the midline of the table. The hips and
13 Spine patients. In males and females direct lead rubber 75 80 100 knees are flexed for stability and the hands are
Lateral gonad protection can be applied at all times placed on a pillow in front of the patients face.
Ensure the line of the spinous processes are
parallel to the table if not use pads to adjust the
position
Lumbar From the supine position the patient is rotated 45

Spine degrees with the side to be imaged raised, and
Posterior supported on pads, with the hips and knees slightly
oblique flexed to aid stability.
Page 55 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient lies supine on the table midline aligned
to the midline of the table, the ASISs and the
Acromio clavicular joints are equidistant from the
Thoracic table ensuring the midsaggital plane is at 90
Spine AP degrees to the table. The neck is extended to avoid
superimposition of the mandible on the upper
thoracic spine, flexion of the hips and knees may
help reduce the thoracic curve
The patient lies on one side on the table, mid-
saggital plane parallel to the table top and mid
coronal plane midline aligned to the midline of the
Thoracic The 28 day rule should be applied for female
16 75 50 100 table, the hips and knees flexed 45 degrees to
Spine patients. In males and females direct lead rubber
support the patient and minimise movement, raising
Lateral gonad protection can be applied at all times
the arms well above the head maximises
visualisation of the upper vertebrae
The patient stands erect with the median saggital
Thoracic plane parallel to the bucky face, the arm nearest
Spine the bucky is raised the elbow flexed and the
Upper forearm rested on the top of the head. The other
Lateral arm is positioned hanging loosely at the patients
side, a weight may help lower the shoulder
Page 56 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
The patient stands erect in the AP position median
saggital plane at 90 degrees to the film with the
In males and females direct lead rubber gonad patient’s midline in line with the center of the bucky,
Cervical
protection can be applied at all times, avoid the feet slightly apart to aid stability, coronal plane
18 spine 1-2 65 12 100
breast tissue particularly in young females; collimate parallel to the film. The mouth is opened wide, chin
AP
to prevent irradiation of the eyes. is raised until an imaginary line from the center of
the mouth to a point level with the mastoid tips is
horizontal
The patient stands erect in the AP position median
Cervical saggital plane at 90 degrees to the film with the
In males and females direct lead rubber gonad
spine 3-7 patient’s midline in line with the center of the bucky,
protection can be applied at all times, avoid the
19 AP 65 12 100 feet slightly apart to aid stability, coronal plane
breast tissue particularly in young females; collimate
(Swimmer' parallel to the film. The chin is raised until an
to prevent irradiation of the eyes.
s View) imaginary line from the upper lip to the external
occipital protuberance is horizontal
The patient stands or sits erect with the median

In males and females direct lead rubber gonad
Cervical saggital plane parallel to the bucky, the chin is
protection can be applied at all times, avoid the
20 spine 68 14 100 raised to prevent superimposition of the mandible,
breast tissue particularly in young females; collimate
Lateral the arms internally rotated to project the heads of
to prevent irradiation of the eyes.
the humeri away from the vertebral bodies
Page 57 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
In males and females direct lead rubber gonad The patient stands or sits facing the bucky then
Cervical
protection can be applied at all times, avoid the turns 45 degrees to bring the median saggital plane
21 Anterior 68 14 100
breast tissue particularly in young females; collimate at 45 degrees to the bucky, the head is then rotated
Oblique
to prevent irradiation of the eyes. parallel to the film, with chin is raised slightly.
The patient lies supine on the table. Median

Abdomen saggital plane aligned to the center. The knees can
Direct lead rubber gonad protection in males. 28 day
22 AP Supine 60 50 100 be flexed at 45 degrees and supported for comfort.
rule for females where appropriate
/ KUB The arms placed alongside the trunk or above the
head
Page 58 of 73
system
SKULL: Supine Trolley Technique
Pictorial
Representation
The patient lies supine on the trolley or X-Ray table, the

midsaggital plane central. The patients head is positioned so that
Skull the inter-pupilary line is parallel to the film. The neck is flexed
Avoid irradiation of the thyroid region,
1 20FO 70 30 100 depressing the chin until the radiographic baseline (RBL) is at 90
direct lead rubber protection my be used
(Trolley) degrees to the film, Not possible if there is a possible cervical
injury) A small pad may be needed under the occiput or beneath
the cassette
The patient lies supine on the trolley or X-Ray table, the

midsaggital plane central. The patients head is positioned so that
Skull FO the interpupilary line is parallel to the film. The neck is flexed
Avoid irradiation of the thyroid region,
2 30 70 30 100 depressing the chin until the radiographic baseline (OMBL) is at
direct lead rubber protection my be used
(Trolley) 90 degrees to the film, Not possible if there is a possible cervical
injury) A small pad may be needed under the occiput or beneath
the cassette
Skull The patient lies supine on the table midsaggital plane aligned
Lateral Collimate to limit irradiation of the central to the table, the head is supported on a small pad, side of
3 75 32 75
(Horizontal thyroid gland interest nearest the film. the median saggital plane must be
Ray) parallel to the film which is placed along side the head
The patient lies supine on the table midsaggital plane aligned

Skull
central to the top, the chin is depressed until the orbital meatal
Mental- Collimate to limit irradiation of the
4 75 32 100 line is at 90 degrees to the trolley top, a small pad may be needed
occipito- thyroid gland
below the occiput to achieve this comfortably. The interpupilary
Modified
line should be parallel to the trolley top. The film (grid cassette) is
Page 59 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
place vertical above the vertex as in the picture below
Skull The patient lies supine on the trolley the midsaggital plane
Facial- aligned to the long axis of the trolley, interpupilary line parallel to
Collimate to limit irradiation of the
5 bones 65 45 100 the floor. The cassette is supported alongside the affected side of
thyroid gland
Lateral / the face parallel to the midsaggital plane. the chin is raised to
Mastoid bring the orbital meatal line vertical
Page 60 of 73
system
Erect Bucky Technique
Pictorial
Representation
Dentures and oral jewellery should be removed. The patient sits

erect facing the bucky, midsagittal plane in the midline of the film,
Skull PA Avoid irradiation of the thyroid region,
1 75 40 100 coronal plane parallel to the film interpupillary line parallel to the
20 direct lead rubber protection my be used
floor. The chin is lowered to bring the orbital meatal line at 90
degrees to the film
The patient sits erect facing the bucky, midsaggital plane in the
Skull
Avoid irradiation of the thyroid region, midline of the film,interpupilary line parallel to the floor. The chin
2 Reverse 75 40 100
direct lead rubber protection my be used is lowered 30 degrees from the PA position to bring the orbital
Townes
meatal line at 60 degrees to the film
Take care with this technique, the patient may suffer vaso vagal
reactions or vertigo, it is not suitable for trauma patients. The
patient sits erect with their back to the erect bucky, a small pillow
Direct lead rubber thyroid protection
3 Skull SMV 75 45 100 is placed behind the shoulders and the patient extends the neck
advisable
until the orbital meatal baseline is parallel to the film, the
interpupilary line parallel to the floor and the median saggital
plane at 90 degrees to the film
Page 61 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
Take care with this technique, the patient may suffer vaso vagal
reactions or vertigo, it is not suitable for trauma patients. The
PNS patient sits erect with their back to the erect bucky, a small pillow
4 water's 60 55 100 is placed behind the shoulders and the patient extends the neck
advisable
view until the orbital meatal baseline is parallel to the film, the
interpupilary line parallel to the floor and the median saggital
plane at 90 degrees to the film

erect facing the erect film, the head is then turned so that the
side of the face is in contact with the bucky, median saggital
plane parallel to the film and interpupillary line parallel to the
Skull Direct lead rubber thyroid protection
5 70 25 100 floor. This position requires the patient to sit upright as close as
Lateral advisable
possible to the bucky. A grid cassette in an erect film holder which
sits away from the bucky face may permit the patient's shoulder
to be positioned below the lower border of the film holder if the
are unable to turn the head

Facial
Direct lead rubber thyroid protection erect facing the bucky, midsaggital plane in the midline of the
Bones
advisable. A beam delineating cone / film, coronal plane parallel to the film interpupillary line parallel to
6 OM/ 65 40 100
diaphragm will limit the area irradiated the floor. The chin is raised to bring the orbital meatal line at 45
Water's
reducing the scatter to the thyroid region degrees to the film. In some centers the patient is imaged mouth
view
open to demonstrate the sphenoid sinuses
Page 62 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation

Direct lead rubber thyroid protection erect facing the bucky, mid-saggital plane in the midline of the
Facial
advisable. A beam delineating cone / film, coronal plane parallel to the film interpupillary line parallel to
7 Bones OM 70 30 100
diaphragm will limit the area irradiated the floor. The chin is raised to bring the orbital meatal line at 45
30
reducing the scatter to the thyroid region degrees to the film. In some centers the patient is imaged mouth
open to demonstrate the sphenoid sinuses

Facial
Direct lead rubber thyroid protection side of the face is in contact with the bucky, median saggital
8 Bones 65 28 100
advisable. plane parallel to the film and interpupillary line parallel to the
Lateral
floor. This position requires the patient to sit upright as close as
possible to the bucky.
The patient sits erect facing the erect film, the head is then
turned so that the side of the face is in contact with the bucky,
Nose Direct lead rubber thyroid protection
9 55 2 100 median saggital plane parallel to the film and interpupillary line
Lateral advisable.
parallel to the floor. This position requires the patient to sit upright
as close as possible to the bucky.

Facial erect facing the bucky, mid-sagittal plane in the midline of the
10 Mandible 70 20 100 film, coronal plane parallel to the film interpupillary line parallel to
advisable.
PA the floor. The chin is lowered to bring the orbital meatal line at 90
degrees to the film
Page 63 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation

side of the face is in contact with the bucky, median saggital
plane parallel to the film and interpupillary line parallel to the
Mandible Direct lead rubber thyroid protection
11 60 12 100 floor, from this position the head is then tilted 20 degrees to bring
Oblique advisable.
the skin surface over the body of the mandible in contact with the
bucky. The chin is raised to prevent superimposition of the
mandibular structures on the cervical spine. The jaw is closed
and teeth occluded
Page 64 of 73
system
Chest
Pictorial
Representation
The patient stands ERECT facing the cassette, the cassette is

raised so the top is 3cm above the skin margins above the
Direct lead rubber waist level protection,
apices, the patient's chin is rested on the top of the cassette
posterior at low kV, anteriorly at higher
1 Chest PA 65 7.5 180 holder, the patient is asked to place the backs of the hands on
kV. Avoid irradiation of the eyes and
the waist at the sides. The shoulders and arms are rolled forward
thyroid
to bring the scapulae towards the side of the chest. Exposure is
made on deep suspended inspiration
The patient stands (feet slightly apart for stability) erect left
(normally unless right lateral is indicated) side to the film / bucky,
Direct lead rubber protection using a half median saggital plane parallel to the film. The patient may need
Chest apron around the waist. Correct to flex forward from the waist to ensure the limits of the
2 70 10 100
Lateral centering should avoid irradiation of the examination fit on the film. The patients arms are folded across
thyroid gland the top of the head and the elbows gripped with the hand of the
opposite side. The chin is raised up. The top of the film should be
positioned about 3 cm above the tops of the shoulders
The patient stands erect facing the bucky, from here the patient is
rotated 45degrees with the affected side away from the film, the
Chest arm of the affected side is raised and placed across the head
Anterior Direct lead rubber waist level protection, which may need to be turned towards the affected side for
3 oblique, posterior at low kV, anteriorly at higher 70 10 100 comfort and ease of positioning. Ensure the opposite site anterior
Ribs kV chest wall is in contact with the bucky to aid immobilization. The
(Axillary) erect anterior oblique position reduces the dose to breast tissue
compared with the posterior oblique, however the ribs are further
from the film which may compromise image quality
Page 65 of 73
system
Pictorial
Representation
Sternum
The patient lies prone on the table with the left side raised (RAO)
PA Rt Direct lead rubber waist level protection,
4 70 30 100 approximately 15 degrees, arm and knee of the raised side to aid
Anterior avoid irradiation of thyroid
stability
Oblique
The patient stands erect median sagittal plane parallel to the

Sternum Direct lead rubber waist level protection, erect bucky, the hands are clasped together behind the patients
5 66 25 100
Lateral avoid irradiation of thyroid back, the patient projects the chest forward on suspended
inspiration
The patient stands erect median sagittal plane parallel to the

Direct lead rubber waist level protection, erect bucky, the hands are clasped together behind the patients
6 Chest AP 65 7.5 100
avoid irradiation of thyroid back, the patient projects the chest forward on suspended
inspiration
Page 66 of 73
Users' Manual
Annex C: Declaration of Conformity

C1 : Name and Description of Product
Medical device name : High frequency Diagnostic X-Ray system
Medical device model : SKANMOBILE-XXX
Device Variants : 303-000018-0 SKANMOBILE HF diagnostic X-Ray system, 230 Vac
: 303-000018-3 SKANMOBILE HF diagnostic X-Ray system, 110 Vac
C2: Following Standards under which conformity is declared:
Standard, Regulations & Directives Title
Medical electrical equipment- Part 1: General requirements for basic

ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1: 2005
safety and essential performance.
EN/IEC 60601-1 ed3.0:2005+CORR.1 Medical electrical equipment – Part 1: General requirements for
(2006)+CORR.2 (2007) basic safety and essential performance
Medical Electrical Equipment – Part 1: General Requirements for

CAN/CSA C22.2No.60601-1:2008 Basic Safety and Essential Performance (Adopted IEC 60601-
1:2005, third edition, 2005-12), Includes Corrigendum 1:2011
Medical electrical equipment -Part 1: General requirements for

EN 60601-1-3:2008 safety -3. Collateral standard: General requirements for radiation
protection in diagnostic X-Ray equipment
Medical electrical equipment – Part 2-28: Particular requirements for

IEC60601-2-28: 2010,Ed1 the basic safety and essential performance of X-Ray tube
assemblies for medical diagnosis
Medical electrical equipment – Part 2-54: Particular requirements for

EN/IEC 60601-2-54 ed1.0:2009 the basic safety and essential performance of X-Ray equipment for
radiography and radioscopy
AERB/SC/MED-2, Rev 1, 2001(India)
Page 67 of 73
Declaration of Conformity
C3: Marking:
The products described herein are conform to the following regulatory markings
a) UL safety marking.
b) CE marking.
C4: Declaration
Skanray Technologies Private limited declares that the products described herein meet all the applicable
Essential Requirements of the EC Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC in Annex I, For Class IIb products
described herein, the product is manufactured, inspected, tested, and released in accordance with the
approved quality assurance system established in accordance with ISO 9001:2008, ISO 13485:2003
Annex II of the EC Medical Device Directive under the supervision of the UL INTERNATIONAL (UK) LTD,
a Notified Body carrying the Notified Body No. 0843.
C5: Authorized Representative & Notified body
Europe Authorized Representative Notified Body

OBELIS S.A Reference Number 0843
Corporate address: UL INTERNATIONAL (UK) LTD,
Bd. General Wahis, 53 Wonersh House, The Guildway,
1030 Brussels, Old Portsmouth Road,
Belgium Guildford, Surrey GU3 1LR, United Kingdom

Telephone : +44.148.340.2010
Fax : +44.148.330.2230
E-mail : customerservice.uk@uk.ul.com
Page 68 of 73
Users' Manual
Annex D: Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration

According to: IEC 60601-1-2: 2007(3rd Edition)
(Group 1, class A, for use in Hospitals) (Not LIFE-SUPPORTING)
SKANMOBILE-XXX is tested as per applicable IEC standards, to be used under electromagnetic environment
specified below. The customer or the user of SKANMOBILE-XXX should assure that it is used in such an
environment. Where XXX Variants = 230 Vac, 110 Vac
Emissions test Compliance Electromagnetic environment – guidance

SKANMOBILE-XXX uses RF energy only for its
RF emissions internal function. Therefore, its RF emissions are
Group 1
EN 55011:2009 very low and are not likely to cause any interference
in nearby electronic equipment.
RF emissions
Class A SKANMOBILE-XXX is suitable for use in all
EN 55011:2009
establishments, other than domestic establishments
Harmonic emissions
Class A and those directly connected to the public low-
EN 61000-3-2:2006
voltage power supply network that supplies
Voltage fluctuations / flicker emissions
Complies buildings used for domestic purposes.
EN 61000-3-3:2008
Table 1: Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration – Electromagnetic Emissions – For all EQUIPMENT and SYSTEMS
Electromagnetic
Immunity test EN 60601 test level Compliance level
environment – guidance
± (2, 4, 6) kV contact- Floors should be wood,

Electrostatic ± (2, 4, 6) kV contact-Direct
Direct concrete or ceramic tile. If the
± (2, 4, 6) kV contact-
discharge (ESD) ± (2, 4, 6) kV contact- floor is covered with synthetic
Indirect
EN 61000-4-2: 2008 Indirect material, the relative humidity
± (2, 4, 8) kV air
± (2, 4, 8) kV air should be at least 30 %.
Electrical fast ± 2 kV for power supply ± 2 kV for power supply Mains power quality should be
transient/burst lines lines that of a typical commercial or
EN 61000-4-4: 2004 ± 1 kV for Signal lines ± 1 kV for Signal lines hospital environment.
Mains power quality should be

Surge ± 1 kV Differential mode ± 1 kV Differential mode
that of a typical commercial or
EN 61000-4-5: 2006 ± 2 kV Common mode ± 2 kV Common mode
hospital environment.
Voltage dips, short < 5 % UT < 5 % UT
interruptions and (> 95 % dip in UT) (> 95 % dip in UT) Mains power quality should be
voltage variations for 0,5 cycle for 0,5 cycle that of a typical commercial or
hospital environment. If the
on power supply 40 % UT 40 % UT
user of the SKANMOBILE-XXX
input lines (60 % dip in UT) (60 % dip in UT)
requires continued operation
EN 61000-4-11: for 5 cycles for 5 cycles
Page 69 of 73
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration
Electromagnetic
Immunity test EN 60601 test level Compliance level
environment – guidance
70 % UT 70 % UT
during power mains
(30 % dip in UT) (30 % dip in UT) interruptions, it is
for 25 cycles for 25 cycles recommended that the
2004
< 5 % UT < 5 % UT SKANMOBILE-XXX be
(> 95 % dip in UT) (> 95 % dip in UT) powered from an

uninterruptible power supply.
for 5 sec for 5 sec
Power frequency
Power frequency magnetic
(50/60 Hz) fields should be at levels
magnetic field characteristic of a typical
EN 61000-4-8: 2009 3 A/m 3 A/m location in a typical commercial

or hospital environment.
Table 2: Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration – Electromagnetic Immunity – For all EQUIPMENT and SYSTEMS
EN 60601 Compliance Electromagnetic

Immunity test
test level level environment – guidance
Portable and mobile RF communications equipment should
be used no closer to any part of the SKANMOBILE-XXX ,
including cables, than the recommended separation distance
calculated from the equation applicable to the frequency of
the transmitter.
Recommended separation distance

Conducted RF 3 Vrms 3 Vrms
d = 1,2 P
EN61000-4-6: 150 kHz to 80 150 kHz to 80
2008 MHz MHz d = 1,2 P 80 MHz to 800 MHz
d = 2,3 P 800 MHz to 2,5 GHz

Where P is the maximum output power rating of the
transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter
manufacturer and d is the recommended separation distance
in meters (m).
Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by

an electromagnetic site survey, a) should be less than the
Radiated RF 3 V/m 3 V/m compliance level in each frequency range.
EN61000-4-3: 80 MHz to 2,5 80 MHz to 2,5 Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked
2006 GHz GHz with the following symbol b):
Page 70 of 73
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration
Note 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.
Note 2: These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption
and reflection from structures, objects and people.
a) Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and
land mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted
theoretically with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an
electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which
SKANMOBILE-XXX is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the SKANMOBILE-XXX
should be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may
be necessary, such as reorienting or relocating the SKANMOBILE-XXX.
b) Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.
Table 3: Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic immunity – for all EQUIPMENT and SYSTEMS that are
not LIFE-SUPPORTING
Page 71 of 73
Users' Manual
Annex E: Contact details
Corporate Office & Radiology Division

Skanray Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Plot No. 15-17, Hebbal Industrial Area,
Mysore 570016, Karnataka, India
Phone : +91 821 2415559
Fax : +91 821 2403344
e-mail : office@skanray.com
Web : www.skanray.com
24 Hour Hotline : +91 9901144411 (Customer Complaint and Incident Reporting Only)
Registered Office & Critical Care Division

Skanray Healthcare Pvt Ltd.
Plot # 360, KIADB Indl. Area, Hootagalli,
Mysore 570 018, Karnataka, INDIA
Phone : +91 821 2407000
Fax : +91 821 2407001
e-mail : inquiries@skanrayhealthcare.com
Web : www.skanrayhealthcare.com
Customer Interaction Centre : 1800-200-5858 and
1800-233-5858
(Toll-free: Monday to Saturday: 8:00AM to 8:00PM)
Page 73 of 73
Title
Customer Feedback Form
Department: Sales Format # 70-0001 Rev 3 Page 1of 2
Notes: 1) * Details are essential. 2) Attach additional sheet if required. 3) Read all instructions before filling up.
4) Completed format can be sent to Skanray Technologies Pvt Ltd Plot No. 15-17, Hebbal Industrial Area
Mysore 570 016, India or visit website www.skanray.com “Contact Us” web page for posting your feedback
online. 5) For any more clarification please contact Skanray Technologies.
a) Feedback by
Customer Name*
Street: City:
Customer Address* State: Pin/Zip Code: Country:
Customer Phone #*

Senders Full name*
Senders Cell-Phone #*
Senders e-mail ID*
b) Product details
Product / (Full System) Type/Model*
Product Serial Number*
Product Application
Installed Site Address
c) *Feedback
Interaction with Sales team/Distributors* Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Product Condition when received* Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Technical details for product Installation (if applicable) Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Technical details for product Operation* Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Product meets Intended use & performance* Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Technical details for product maintenance* Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Response from service team* Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Quality of service* Fully Satisfied Satisfied Unsatisfied
Notes if any:
d) Receipt of feedback
*Receiver Name: *Signature: *Date:
*Feedback by: Phone, e-mail, web-site, Physical copy, Others-Specify:

Title
Customer Feedback Form
Department: Sales Format # 70-0001 Rev 3 Page 2of 2
Instruction for filling up format:

About this format: It is used for obtaining feedback from customers, on products and process that are supplied
by Skanray.
(a) Feedback by:

Customer Name, address, contacts number: These are details of customer who are providing feedback
on products that they have purchased from Skanray or its subsidiaries or authorised dealers.
Senders name, cell phone and e-mail address: These details are of a person who is actually providing
the feedback.
(b) Product Details:

Product (Full System) type/model, Serial number: These are product (full system) identification numbers
mentioned in rating plate label.
Product application: Actual usage/purpose of products for performing various functions, examples:
Radiography, Fluoroscopy etc.
Installed site Address: Equipment installed location, organization, contact person and phone numbers
details if installed site is not same as organization details given in a). If it is same write as “Same as (a)”
(c) Feedback:
Check respective check boxes for each feedback points. Feed back can be sent after actual usage of 1 to 3
months.
Notes: This field is for recording any relevant information provided by the customer.
(d) Receipt of feedback:

All details are self explanatory

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Document Number : UMN-000018-0-20

Limited Warranty Statement

Revision 6 Page III of IV

Product Description Part Number

SKANMOBILE – HF diagnostic X-Ray system, 230V AC 303-000018-0

SKANMOBILE – HF diagnostic X-Ray system, 110V AC 303-000018-3

1.1 Your X-Ray Equipment

1.2 Indication For Use

1.3 This Manual

2 Safety and Precautions

2.1 Patient And Operational Safety

Follow proper x-ray radiation safety rules:

RADIATION SAFETY 1) Do not allow non-prescribed exposures

2) Do not allow unauthorized or untrained personnel to operate the unit

3) Always focus the collimator light only on to the area to be imaged.

5) Operator should wear proper X-Ray shielding aprons.

2) This equipment is not suitable for use in presence of anaesthetic gases.

3) Follow the integration procedure of SKANMOBILE generator as per section 10 of service

2) Take the services of qualified personnel when relocating the unit.

5) Wheels should be unlocked before moving the system.

Refer to the accompanying documents.

Mains Earth is required for continued protection against shock hazards.

Class 1, Type B Insulation. Protection against electric shock (UL60601-1:2003). Requires

Dangerous voltages present.

WEEE symbol for disposal.

L Mains Line Connection

N Mains Neutral Connection

3 Know Your X-Ray Unit

3.2 Identification Of Main Parts

Illustration 1: TUBE HEAD ASSEMBLY

Illustration 4: INTEGRATED SKANMOBILE GENERATOR

Illustration 5: INTEGRATED SKANMOBILE GENERATOR

3.3 System Labels, Controls And Indicators

LABEL 2: SKANMOBILE STICKER (L3)

LABEL 1: DANGER LABEL (L1)

LABEL 4: FOCAL SPOT LABEL (L4)

LABEL 5: SKANMOBILE TUBEHEAD LABEL 6: SKANMOBILE TUBEHEAD

LABEL 8: INPUT SPECIFICATION

LABEL 10: HOT SURFACE CAUTION LABEL

LABEL 14: CE MARK LABEL (L11A)

LABEL 13: UL MARK LABEL (L10)

LABEL 16: TUBE HEAD ARM POSITIONING LABEL (L12)

LABEL 17: TUBE HEAD POSITIONING LABEL (L13)

LABEL 18: TRAPPING ZONE CAUTION LABEL

LABEL 19: SKAN MOBILE CONSOLE LABEL (L15)

LABEL 21: WARNING LABEL

LABEL 23: COLLIMATOR REAR SHUTTER TAPE (L19)

LABEL 26: TROLLEY SERIAL NUMBER (L22)

LABEL 27: AERB CAUTION

LABEL 28: MEMBRANE KEYPAD CONSOLE (L24)

LABEL 29: DOME LABEL (L25)

CONTROLS and INDICATORS

Illustration 6: Label Location

Illustration 7: Label Location

3.4 Control And Indicators– Identifications (Integrated Console)

Label15(L15): Control Console – Identification

2) Green colour indicates system is ready to take X-Ray.

X-RAY ON LED 1) X-Ray on Indication

2) Inactive if kV is preset at 100.

1) Decrements the set kV in steps of 1 and jumps to steps of 5 for

2) Inactive if kV is preset at 40.