Jonathan Khan January 3, 2011

Ms. Crowley Genetics of Organisms Lab

Experiment 1

1. The observed mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster is a black body color.

2. If F-1 generation Drosophila that are heterozygous for body color are crossed, then a 3:1 ratio of gray
colored bodies to black colored bodies will result in the F-2 generation.

3. Parent F-1
a. G G G g
g Gg Gg g Gg Gg
g Gg Gg g Gg gg

4. Generation Genotype Phenotype

F-1 4 Gg 4 Gray
F-2 1 GG: 2 Gg: 1 gg 1 black: 3 gray

5. The actual results do in fact deviate from what was expected. However this deviation occurred in small
enough amounts that the results are able to be acceptable. The expected results were a 189:63 gray to
black ratio while the actual results produced a 187:65 gray to black ratio.

6. The mutation is autosomal recessive, while the cross is a monohybrid cross.

7. Table

Observed Expected O-E (O - E)2 (O - E)2

E

Gray 187 189 -2 4 .021

Black 65 63 2 4 .063

X2 .084

i. There is one degree of freedom

ii. Chi – square = .084
iii. The probability value for this data is 3.84
b. According to the probability value I can accept my null hypothesis, because the chi – square that
I calculated was greater than .05, and less than 3.84. This means that this set of results could be
attributed to chance, thus being acceptable.
Experiment 2

1. The observed mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster is a yellow eye color

2. If F-1 generation Drosophila that are heterozygous for eye color are crossed, then a 1:1 ratio of gray
colored eyes to yellow colored eyes will result in the F-2 generation.

3. Parent F-1
a. X’ Y X’ Y
X XX’ XY X XX’ XY
X’ X’X’ X’Y X’ X’X’ X’Y

4. Generation Genotype Phenotype

F-1 1 XX’: 1XY: 1 X’X’: 1 X’Y 2 Gray: 2 Yellow
F-2 1 XX’: 1XY: 1 X’X’: 1 X’Y 2 Gray: 2 Yellow

5. The actual results do in fact deviate from what was expected. The expected results were a 395:395 gray
to yellow ratio while the actual results produced a 415:375 gray to yellow ratio.

6. The mutation is sex linked recessive, while the cross is a monohybrid cross.
7. Table

Observed Expected O-E (O - E)2 (O - E)2

E

Gray 415 395 20 400 1.01

Yellow 375 395 -20 400 1.01

X2 2.02

i. There is one degree of freedom

ii. Chi – square = 2.02
iii. The probability value for this data is 3.84
b. According to the probability value I can accept my null hypothesis, because the chi – square that
I calculated was greater than .05, and less than 3.84. This means that this set of results could be
attributed to chance, thus being acceptable.
Experiment 3

1. The observed mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster are a black body color, and a short body.

2. If F-1 generation Drosophila that are heterozygous for body color and length are crossed, then a 9:3:3:1
ratio of gray long bodies to gray short bodies to black long bodies to black short bodies will result in the
F-2 generation.

3. Parent Parent
a. G g L l
G GG Gg L LL Ll
g Gg gg l Ll ll

4. Generation Genotype Phenotype

F-1 1 XX’: 1XY: 1 X’X’: 1 X’Y 2 Gray: 2 Yellow
F-2 1 XX’: 1XY: 1 X’X’: 1 X’Y 2 Gray: 2 Yellow

5. The actual results do in fact deviate from what was expected. The expected results were a
1125:375:375:125 ratio of gray long bodies to gray short bodies to black long bodies to black short
bodies. While the actual results produced a 1125:375:370:125 ratio of gray long bodies to gray short
bodies to black long bodies to black short bodies.

6. The mutation is autosomal recessive, while the cross is a dihybrid cross.

7. Table

Observed Expected O-E (O - E)2 (O - E)2

E

Gray Long 1125 1125 0 0 0.00

Gray Short 375 375 0 0 0.00

Black Long 370 375 -5 25 0.06

Black Short 130 125 5 25 0.06

X2 0.12
 i. There are three degrees of freedom
ii. Chi – square = 0.12
iii. The probability value for this data is 7.82
b. According to the probability value I can accept my null hypothesis, because the chi – square that
I calculated was greater than .05, and less than 7.82. This means that this set of results could be
attributed to chance, thus being acceptable.