Airplane and Engine Performance

Prof. Omar L. P.
M.Sc. in Rocket and Space Complexes Engineering.
Gas Turbine Engine Performance
Prof. Omar L. P.
M.Sc. in Rocket and Space Complexes Engineering.
 Gas Turbine Performance
may be summarized as:

The thrust or shaft power delivered for a given fuel flow,

life, weight, emissions, engine diameter and cost. This
must be achieved while ensuring stable and safe operation
throughout the operational envelope, under all steady
state and transient conditions.
Useful Parameters
Thrust or Power.

Fuel Consumption.

RPM’s

Temperatures.

Mass flow.
Gas Turbine Performance

The most important

parameters:

Temperature

Pressure
Gas Turbine Performance

The most important

parameters:
Ambient conditions
Temperature
Flight speed
Pressure
Pressure looses
Opertional envelope
comprises:

Environmental envelope,

Pressure looses

Flight envelope
Environmental envelope

}
Ambient pressure (or pressure alttitude)
ISA
Ambient temperature

Specific and Relative Humidity

Specific Humidity

Ratio of water vapour to dry air by mass

Ratio of water vapour to moist air by mass

Relative Humidity

Is the specific humidity divided by the saturated

value for the prevailing ambient pressure and
temperature.
 88 Gas Turbine Performance

Chart 2.8 Specific humidity versus relative humidity and ambient temperature at sea level.

The Operational Envelope 89

Chart 2.9 Ratio of specific humidity at altitude to that at sea level.

Fig1.7
Pressure looses.

Unistalled - Engine performance levels quoted

at ISO conditions do not include installation
ducting pressure losses.

Installed - installation pressure losses,

together with other installation looses effects,
are included
 The Flight envelope
(e) Subsonic airbreathing missile, Drone or RPV (f)
N

66
A
P
T

Gas Turbine Performance

T
T
T
T
m
M
M
M
U
t
‘
A
(a) Conventional civil transport turboprop (b)(g) Subsonic
Advanced
civilmilitary fighter
transport turbofan
Figure 2.1 contd.
 Free stream total pressure
and temperature

REMEMBER:
PT
Both are function of pressure altitude
and flight Mach number

TT Both are fundamental parameters to

engine performance.
 Free stream total pressure
and temperature

PT
DELTA δ=
101.325kPa

TT
THETA θ=
288.15K
Graph2.10
 ρDV
Reynolds number RE =
μ

RE
Reynolds number ratio REratio =
REISA
 The Flight envelope
(e) Subsonic airbreathing missile, Drone or RPV (f)
N

66
A
P
T

Gas Turbine Performance

T
T
T
T
m
M
M
M
U
t
‘
A
(a) Conventional civil transport turboprop (b)(g) Subsonic
Advanced
civilmilitary fighter
transport turbofan
Figure 2.1 contd.
Definitions of flight speed
Indicated air speed (VIAS)

Calibrated air speed (VCAS)

Equivalent air speed (VEAS)

True air speed (VTAS)

Mach number (M)

Ground speed is VTAS adjusted for wind speed.

Definitions of flight speed
Indicated air speed (VIAS)

Calibrated air speed (VCAS)

Pressure attitude
Equivalent air speed (VEAS) Mac number

True air speed (VTAS)

scale altitude effect (SAE)
Mach number (M) SAE = VEAS - VCAS

Ground speed is VTAS adjusted for wind speed.

Definitions of flight speed
scale altitude effect (SAE)
Indicated air speed (VIAS)

Calibrated air speed (VCAS)

Equivalent air speed (VEAS)

True air speed (VTAS) Ambient temperature

Mac number
Mach number (M)

Ground speed is VTAS adjusted for wind speed.

Definitions of flight speed
scale altitude effect (SAE)
Indicated air speed (VIAS)

Calibrated air speed (VCAS)

Equivalent air speed (VEAS) Ambient temperature

Mac number
True air speed (VTAS)

Mach number (M)

Ground speed is VTAS adjusted for wind speed.

Chart 2.13 – VCAS versus pressure altitude and Mach
number

Chart 2.14 – VEAS versus pressure altitude and Mach

number.

Chart 2.15 – VTAS versus pressure altitude and Mach

number

Chart 2.16 – SAE versus pressure altitude and Mach

number