ISO14032

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‘j U S TAGtoISO TC 207 .
U.S. Technical Advisory Croup to 150Technical Committee 207 for IS0 14O00
JoeC a d , JAG choir
Global Environment 6r Technology Foundation
7010LittleRiTumpike Suite 300
AnMndak, VA 22003-3241
phone: (703)750-6401 Fax: (703)750-5438
TO: SubTAG 4 Members

FROM: Amy Schaffer
SUBJECT: IS0 Technical Report 14032 and IS0 FDIS 14031
DATE: February 8,1999
Attached please find copies of the IS0 Technical Report 14032 for review and ballot and an
advanced copy of the IS0 mlIS of 1403 1. We w ill be discussing both of these briefly at our meeting in
March. Due to the shortness of time available during the March meeting, we may not be able to conduct a
thorou& review of the materials. Let me describe how I would like to proceed.
I S 0 Technical Report 14032
The Technicat Report is beingballoted for approval. The US official vote thou& ANSI and any
comments are due to the Subcommittee4 Secretary (Steven Cornish) by May 1, 1999. As such, your
ballot and any comments must be submitted to Kathie Morgan no later than April 9,1999. Under
IS0 rules, Technical Reports are voted on by the Subcommittee members only.
The Technical Report, as you know, is a compilation of examples of environmental performance
evaluation as undertaken by a number of different organizations around the world. The examples have
been edited by the SC4 EditingCommittee(in which Gary Wilson and Ed Quevedo participated) so that
each ofthem is discussed in terms of the Ph-Do-Check-Act process of IS0 1403 1. The opportunity to
-
comment on these examples is rather limited perhaps if an example is totally inappropriate we can
comment to remove it, but editing is probably not appropriate.
Therefore, during our March 22 meehg.1would like to discuss any maior comments that any of
the SubTAG 4 members may have so that we may determine if there are comments which the US will
submit as part of our official ballot. I will also seek authorization &om the SubTAG for Gary, Ed and I to
handle any comments received by the April 9,deadline.
IS0 FDIS 1403 1:
The document provided is an advanced copy of the FDIS. The official one is still being translated
into French by IS0 in Geneva. I thought it would be helpful to have the unofficial document available so
that if‘there are any egregous problems they can be identified early. I do not anticipate any comments at
all (in fact, an FDIS vote does not provide for comments -- only ”yes”or “no”). However, I would like to
have the official “sense of the SubTAG”so that your US delegation can go to Seoul understandingthe
US’Sposition.
MaryMd(iel, VKeuk7ir Kathie Morgan, Administmtor
US.EPA / Opm-7409 m
401 M S W W 100Barr tlarbot Drive
Washington, DC 20460 ,-C
West PA 19428-2959
Phone: (202)260-3584 Fax: (202)260.0178 phone. (610)832-9721 FW (610) 832-9666
email: marymckiel@epamail.epa.gov email: kmorgan@astm.org
I
Please do not hesitate to call me if you have any questions on these materials. In addition, Gary
Wilson and Ed Quevedo are the experts on the Technical Report 14032 and they too are available to
answer any questions.
See you in Atlanta!
Amy E.SchaBer
Chair,SubTAG4
American Forest SZ Paper Association
1111 19th st., Nw
Washington, M= 20036
(202) 463-2585 (phone)
(202) 463-2423 (Eax)
a . o r g
BALLOT FORM
iMLLox- uSTAG.tnTC&O7
DEADLINEFORRETURN: April 9,1999
DESIGNATION. Iso/l[1R14032 Environmental Management -

- - Examples of Environmental Performance Evaluation
5. SIGNA'IUE
1
6. RrmanBallotto: K"EE.MORGAN
ASTM
lO(LBABBEMBB0BDBDIE.
WEST CONMOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
FAX 610-832-9666
ISOfW 207156 4 N295
ISOflC 207ISC 4tWG 3 N22
DRAFT IS0 TR 14032 FOR VOTING
PAGE I
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2
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4 IS0 TR 14032
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6 Environmental management -
7 Examples of environmental performance evaluation (EPE)
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11 COPYRiGHT NOTICE
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2T
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3u. agreemenf.
37
32 Worators may be prosecufed.
33
34
35
36 I WARNING
3T'
38 -Thisdocumen€is nof an rSCTl3crinicat Repoff. Tiie documenf is a dmff ~SnnbutWfor
39 .review and comment R-Ts subJecffo mange Wimouf nofiiCe and may not be referred to as
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40 .an IS0 Tecflnicat-Repod
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42.
ISOnC 207/SC4 N295
ISOnC 207ISC 4MIG 3 N22
DRAFT 1SO TR 14032.2
PAGE 2
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
3 FOREWORD * ............................................................... ........................................................
* 4
4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ ........... ............ 5
...........................*... ..................
......L
5 1 SCOPE .....e
.......* 5
.............................................................................................................
....................I
6 2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 6

7 3 FORMAT FOR THE EXAMPLES PROVIDED IN THIS IS0 TECHNICAL REPORT ............ 6
8
9 EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING EPE AND THE USE OF IS0 14031............ .............................................. 7
10
11 EXAMPLE A
12 SCHRElNEREl SCHMID, ABENDSBERG, GERMANY ................. ...................................
7 ...-................
13 (A SMALL CABlNETRY/FURNITURE-MAKING COMPANY, WITH 11 EMPLOYEESl DEVELOPING
14 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TO INFORM CRITICAL CUSTOMERS THAT IT IS
15 ENVIRONMENTALLYAWARE)
16
17 EXAMPLE B
18 CLEMENS HARLE BREWERY, LEUTKIRCH, GERMANY 11 ........... ............................................
19 [A FAMILY-OWNED AND OPERATED BREWING COMPANY, WITH 33 EMPLOYEES,
20. WEMENTIDIG. ENVlRONMEblIBLgEREoRAnnNrsStraTinhlsTARTW - W l M . A - a P y Y
21 ECO-BALANCE STUDY (AN INPUT/OUTPUT SCHEME FOR MASS AND ENERGY) AND
22 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT TO ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION]
23
24 -lsc
25 f REDERIKSBORGLINNEDSERVICE AIS, OELSTED, DENMARK 19 ................. .................
26 (AN INDUSTRIAL LAUNDRY, WITH APPROXIMATELY 70 EMPLOYEES, SERVING HOSPITALS AND
27 REST HOMES, USING IS0 14031 TO REVIEW INDICATORS DEVELOPED TO SUPPORT ITS IS0
28 14001 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT SYSTEM)
29
30 EXAMPLE D
31 PERUSAHAAN PELINDUNG GETAH, MALAYSIA , ..........................................
29 ...................................
32 (A RUBBER GLOVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, WITH APPROXIMATELY 100 EMPLOYEES,
33 GElTlNG STARTED ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEEVALUATION)
34
35 EXAMPLE E
36 KATAYAMA SHOKUHIN COMPANY, SHlUNJl PLANT, JAPAN 34 ........................................................
37 (A FOOD PROCESSING COMPANY, WITH APPROXIMATELY 200 EMPLOYEES, GElTlNG
38 STARTED ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEEVALUATION)
39
40.
41
42
-YF
ENVASE ALVHER, MATADEROS PLANT, BUENOS NRES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA 39
(A SITE OF THE COMPANY MANUFACTURING FLEXIBLE LAMINATED PACKAGING, WITH 210
...............
43 EMPLOYEES, USING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TO EVALUATE ITS
44 SOLVENTS RECYCLING PROGRAM)
45
46 EXAMPLE G
47 PETROQUIMICA CUYO S.A.I.C., WESTERN ARGENTINA 44 ................................................................
48 (A CHEMICAL PROCESSING COMPANY, WITH APPROXIMATELY 230 EMPLOYEES,
49 IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION INTEGRATED WITH ITS IS0
50 14001 CERTIFIED ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT SYSTEM)
51
DRAFT IS0 TR 14032.2
PAGE 3
1 EXAMPLE H
2 IMMENSTADT CLINIC, ALLGAU REGION, SOUTHERN GERMANY 49 ................................................
3 [A 180 BED HOSPITAL. WITH APPROXIMATELY 260 EMPLOYEES. IMPLEMENTING
4 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN A SERVICE ORGANIZATION USING A
5 COMPANY ECO-BALANCE (AN INPUT/OUTPUTSCHEME FOR MASS AND ENERGY) APPROACH]
6
7 EXAMPLE I
8 YPF LUJAN DE CUYO REFINERY, CENTRALWESTERN ARGENTINA ............................................54
9 (A MULTINATIONAL OIL COMPANY'S REFINERY, EMPLOYING APPROXIMATELY 570 PEOPLE,
10 IMPLEMENTlNG ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION INTEGRATED WITH ITS IS0
11 14001 CERTIFIED ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT SYSTEM)
12
13 EXAMPLE J
14 HlPP COMPANY, PFAFFENHOFENALM, SOUTHERN GERMANY 59 ...................................................
15 (A FOOD PROCESSING COMPANY, WITH APPROXIMATELY 750 EMPLOYEES, AND WITH AN
76 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFIED TO I S 0 14001 AND EMAS, GETTING
17 STARTED ON ENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCE EVALUATION)
ia
19 EXAMPLE K
20 UNITED CHEMICAL AND METALLURGICAL WORKS (SPOLEK), USTi NAD LABEM, CZECH
21 REPUBLIC ........................................................................................................................
65
22 (A CHEMICAL COMPANY, WITH APPROXIMATELY 2,000EMPLOYEES, USING ENVIRONMENTAL
23 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AS A TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
24 IMPLEMENTATION)
25
26 EXAMPLE L
27 DANISH NATIONAL RAILWAY AGENCY, DENMARK ........................................................................
70
28 (A COMPANY MANAGING DENMARK'S RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE, WITH APPROXIMATELY
29 3,400 EMPLOYEES, USING IS0 24Q32 AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR IMPROVING THE STRUCTURE
30 AND QUALITY OF ITS INDICATORSFOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION)
31
32 EXAMPLE M
33 ELKEM FISKAA SILICON, KRISTIANSAND, NORWAY 77 ....................................................................
34 (A SILICON METAL PRODUCTION PLANT, PART OF A MULTINATIONAL COMPANY WITH
35 APPROXIMATELY 5,300 EMPLOYEES, FOCUSING ON THE VIEWS OF INTERESTED PARTIES IN
36 ITS IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEEVALUATION)
37
38 EXAMPLE N
39 ELECTROLUX AB, SWEDEN ..............................................................................................................
83
40 (A IARGE MULTI-NATIONAL COMPANY MANUFACTURING HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL
41 APPLIANCES, WITH APPROXIMATELY 112,300 EMPLOYEES,. USING THE ENVIRONMENTAL
42 ASPECTS OF ITS PRODUCTS TO SELECT INDICATORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
43 EVALUATION)
44
45
46
47
-To
ICI, UNIT D KINGDOM ........................................................................................................................
89
(A LARGE MULTI-NATIONAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, WITH 67,500 EMPLOYEES AND COMPLEX
48 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, DEVELOPING OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TO
49 REFLECT THE ENVIRONMENTAL BURDENS OF ITS ACTIVITIES)
50
51
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1 EXAMPLE P
2 CITY O F SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USA ....................................................................................... 100
3 (A LARGE CITY WITH OVER 530,000 RESIDENTS AND APPROXIMATELY 10,000 CITY
4 EMPLOYEES, IUUSTfWTlNC THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EPE AND THE USE OF INDICATORS
5 FOR EPE BY A LOCAL GOVERNMENT)
6
7 EXAMPLE Q
8 SILICON VALLEY ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIP, CALIFORNIA, USA 108 ...................................
9 (A NON-PROFIT, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION USING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
10 INDlCATORS TO TRACK REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS)
11
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................... 113
13
14.
lSO/lC 2071SC 4 N295
ISOKC 2071SC 4MIG 3 N22
DRAFT I S 0 TR 14032.2
PAGE 5
1 FOREWORD
2
3 IS0 (the lntemational Organization for Standardization) is a world-wide federation of national standards
4 bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing lntemational Standards and I S 0 Technical Reports
5 is nonnalty camed out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body has the right to be
6 represented on a technical committee. lntemational organizations. govemmental and non-
7 governmental, in liaison with E O , also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the
8 international ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
9
10 This dowment is an IS0 Technical Report, adopted for publication in accordance with the result of a
-11 simple majority vote amongst the P-members of the relevant IS0 technical committee or subcommittee.
12 IS0 Technical Regort 14032 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOSTC 207, Environmental
13 management, Subcommittee SC 4,Environmentalperformance evaluation.
14
15 This IS0 Technical Report has been prepared in accordance with the ISOAEC Directives, Part 3, Third
16 Edition, 1997.
17
18 INTRODUCTION
19
20 This I S 0 Technical Report is a companion document to I S 0 14031:1999 and was developed with the
21 understanding that many organizations would benefit from examples illustrating how environmental
22 performance evaluation (EPE) has been applied by a variety of organizations. Please refer to IS0
23 14031:1999for guidance on the process and concepts of EPE.
24
25 The purpose of this IS0 Technical Report is to provide real-life examples for the consideration of
26 organizations undertaking EPE. The examples aim to encourage and assist organizations, particularly
27 small and medium sized enterprises, by showing how EPE can be conducted by a range of
28 organizations.
29
30 The examples provided in this IS0 Technical Report were developed and written by organizations or
31 individuals and submitted to ISOSTC 207/SC 4 through appropriate IS0 member bodies. These
32 examples have been edited to reflect the process of EPE described in IS0 14031:1999. The reader may
33 not find them to be comprehensive regarding environmental aspects, environmental performance
34 criteria, or number and type of indicators selected, as these are issues determined by each orgpnization
35 according to its particular circumstances.
36
37 1 SCOPE
30
39 This IS0 Technical Report provides examples of EPE that represent a range of applications from simple
40 to elaborate. They also represent a range of organizations (e.g., manufacturing and service companies;
41 non-govemmental organizations; government agencies; small, medium and large enterprises;
42 organizations with and without certified environmental management systems) and geographic locations.
43
44 IMPORTANT NOTICE
45 NO endorsemenf is given to any organizafion or any organizafibn's products or services.
46
47 N6 organization's particular appli'cation o f ffie gurdance in Tso 14037 is recommended because me
48 - management o f each organization has setecfWffie applicafion most suited to its needs. The examptes
a - in a s report are included only because mey iliusfrateffie use o w .
50
51
lSO/TC 207/SC 4 N295
lSO/TC 2071sC 4ANG 3 N22
DBAftSQ-TR
1
2 2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
3
4 Please refer to IS0 14031:1999 for applicable terms and definitions.
5 c -
6 3 FORMAT FOR THE EXAMPLES PROVIDED IN THIS IS0 TECHNJCAL REPORT

7
8 The contents of the examples are organized under the following headings:
9
10 3.1 Introduction
11
12 This section briefly describes the organization and its history. The purpose is to provide:
13 a context for understanding how EPE was applied; and
14 0 suitable information for a reader of IS0 TR 14032:1899 to relate his or her own organization to the
15 organization described in the example.
16
17 3.2 Pianning EPE
18
19 This section describes how the organization planned its EPE, and can illustrate:
20 0 The identification of environmental aspects;
21 The development of environmental performance criteria;
22 The consideration of the views of interested parties; and
23 * Other planning.activities referenced in IS0 14031:1999.
24
25 3.3 Selecting-.indicatorsfor EPE
26
27 This section describes how the organization selected environmental performance indicators EPls)
28 -
related to management efforts (management performance indicators MPls) and to the organization's
29 operations (operational performance indicators - Opts). This section also describes how the
30 organization considered environmental condition indicators (ECls) in developing its EPE.
31
32 3.4 Using data and information (if applicable to the example)
33
34 This section describes (as appropriate) the following as elements of the EPE process:
35 0 Collecting data:
36 Analysing and converting data;
37 0 Assessing information;
38 Reporting and communicating.
39
40 3.8 Reviewing and improving EPE (if applicable to the example)
41
42 This section describes how the organization used information to examine the EPE process and to identify
43 opportunities for improvement.
44
45 3.6 Summarylconclusions
46
47 This section includes a summary of any. lessons leamed by the organization from the application of EPE.
48 It may also include the organization's conclusions on its future application of EPE.
49
iSO/TC 2071sC 4 N295
ISOKC 207fSC 4MfG 3 N22
PAGE 7
1 EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING EPE AND THE USE OF I S 0 14031

2
3
4 EXAMPLE A
5 SCHREINEREI SCHMID, ABENDSBERG, GERMANY
6 (A small cabinetry/fumiture-making company, with 11 employees, developing environmental
7 performance evaluation to inform critical customers that it is environmentally aware)
8
9 tntroduction
10
11 The Schreinerei Schmid company was established in 1895, and since its establishment has been located
12 in Abendsberg, Germany. There is both housing and other industrial facilities in the vicinity of the
13 workshop. Eleven employees are involved in production and administration, and company has annual
14 sales of approximately one million Oeutsche Marks. Since 1995, the company has had an intemal
15 environmental information and control system. The company also produced its first environmental report
18 in 1995, with a target audience of the company's environmentally conscious private and corporate
17 customers. In late 1997, the existing environmental management features were broadened to establish
18 an envlronmental management system for registration under the European Eco-Management and Audit
19 Scheme (EMAS). This effort was supported, in part, by the Bavarian State Govemment's promotional
20 scheme for small and medium-sized enterprises and handicraft businesses.
21
22 Planning EPE
23
24 As is traditional in the cabinetrytfumiture-making. field, environmental and health aspects have been
25 pfimary concems in product development for a long time. This is also reflected in the company's
26 environmental policy, In planningfor environmental performance, the company intends to satisk the
27 demands of customers for ecologically sound products. Thus, the business strategy of the company is to
28 expand market position, especially through the production of solid wood fumiture, and by usingnatural
29 oils and waxes for ecologically sound surface treatment. In this way, occupational health aspects for
30 staff were improved (Le., the use of and need for auxiliaryagents in certain processesl. Furthermore,
31 reducing the environmental impacts of the company's production benefits the company. By increasing
32 the efficient use of resources and materials, and by decreasing the amount of unnecessary waste, a
33 competitive cost basis for production is realised. The company's environmental performance criteria are
34 based on their environmental obiectives and ta9ets.
35
36 Selectingindicators for EPE
37
38 Table A1 lists the environmental aspects of Schreinerei Schmid as well as their related environmental
39 performance criteria which were adopted from the company's environmental objectives under the
40 company's intemal environmental information and control system, which was later registered under
41 EMAS.
42.
lSO/TC 207/SC 4/WG 3 N22
DRAW IS0 TR 14032.2
PAGE 8
1 TABLE A1
2 Schreinerei Schmid Company Environmental Aspects
3 and Environmental Performance Criteria
4
. . Environmental Aspect I Related Environmental Performance Criterion 1
IEFecfiicify ’ Reduce etecfriciiyconsumpfkon
consumpfion
Water consumption Reduce water consumption
t
products, such as plywood or particle board. due composite wood products
to concems about releases of formaldehyde and
other substances into ambient air)
Consumption of paints and primers Reduce the consumption of paints and primers
I Increase the percentage of surfaces treated with
-
Treatment of wood surfaces with natural waxes
and oils 1 natural waxes and oils- .. -
Consumption of solvents and paint thinners IReduce the number of litres of solvents or paint
thinner used
Generation of waste for disposal 1 Reduce the amount of waste for disposal
5
6 TaMe A2 provides informational statistics on the company, a well as the company’s indicators for EPE,
7 which were selected based on the company’s business strategy and environmental policy.
8
9 TABLE A2
10 Schreinerei Schmid Company Statistics and Indicators for EPE
11
Company Statistics 1993 1994
- 1996
Annual sates (in Deutsche Marks) moo0 m0;m 9;40,”
. Number o femployees g iu t ll-
:Workshop area in square metres 640 1- 640 780
Indicators for EPE
Kilowatt hours of electricity used 17,731 17,965 ! 24,797 -
-Cubic metres of water consumed 345 398 I 201
Percentage of solid wood used 85 70 70
12
13 NOTE The percentage of solid wood used in 1993 was greater than in 1994 and 1996 due to an
14 exceptionally large order for fumiture received in 1993. Therefore, 1993 production was not typical of
15 Schreinerei Schmid’s usual annual production.
16
17 Using data and information
18
19 Collecting data
20
21 The company‘s environmental information system provides the basis for data collection to support the
22 development of indicators for EPE. In the initial years of implementing the company’s environmental
23 programmes, a considerable amount of data had to be estimated. Over time, the scope of the
PAGE 9
1 environmental information system was broadened to be able to support all selected indicators. All
2 indicators were expressed as absolute amounts or as proportions. The use of relative data (Le., per
3 kilogram or per item of fumiture produced) was not considered appropriate because individually designed
4 products have unique sizes and natures that do not support comparisons among products.
5 c .
6 Assessing information
7
8 The assessment of information is canied out by comparing the company's environmental objectives with
9 the selected indicators for EPE. The sharp rise in consumption of electricity in 1996 resulted from the
10 enlargement and construction of a new workshop. Considerable progress has been made since 1994 in
11 other areas, especially regarding decreased water consumption, decreased consumption of
12 environmentally relevant auxiliary agents, and the increased percentage of the surface areas of products
13 treated with natural waxes and oils. Through new waste management practices, involving extensive
. 14 intemal and extemal recycling of production wastes, waste for disposal has virtually dropped to zero,
15
16 Reporting and communicating
17
18 For clients, other interested parties and the general public, the company's progress in improving its
19 envimnmerrtal performance is documented, with the company's 1994195 environmental report providiag.
20 baseline information. This report is updated and published every three-years as the public environmentat
21 statement required by the company's registcation to EMAS. kr addition, this information is made
22 accessible over the lntemet at - - . Intemally, Me environmental repact
23 is used by the company o &ktbgs and discussions with staff OR
24 environmental issues, and to sugport dialogue between the company. and public authorities.
25-
26 Reviewingand improving EPE
27
28 On the basis of the environmental performance achieved, new environmental objectives and targets
29 were set as the company's environmental performance criteria. These criteria are:
30 0 To increase the use of solid wood in the production of fumiture by lo%, making its products more
31 acceptable to its customers;
32 To reduce electricity consumption by 10 percent through optimisation of compressed air sy!jtems and
33 replacement of heating ovens;
34 0 To reduce the total volume of waste, for both disposal and recycling, by 10 percent.
35
36 One change in the set of indicators for EPE has been necessary as a resutt of reviewing the EPE
37 process. Since the total volume of waste for disposal has been reduced to almost zero through intensive
38 recycling measures, the strategy of the company owner is now focused on globally reducing all waste
39 streams of the company. Therefore, "total volume of waste for both recycling and disposal" will be
40 integrated as a new indicator replacingthe old indicator "kilograms of waste for disposal".
41
42 Summarylconclusions
43
44 EPE has proven to be environmentally and economically valuable for a small company. Data to support
45 some of the selected indicators for EPE was readily available at the beginning. Data sources and data
46 collection mechanisms to support other indicators for EPE had to be developed or improved during the
47 process.
48
49 The most important beneffi of conductingEPE for the company owner was that he finally. had access to
50 hard figures about the environmental performance of the company. Together with regularly updated
51 environmental objectives and tamets, the owner is able to control and improve effectively the companyls
tSOlTC 207/SC 4 N295
ISOKC 207lSC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE I O
1 environmental performance, and to communicate it successfully to the market. Through the information
2 provided in the environmental report, the company could expect a steady increase in its regional
3 customer base and a steady increase in demand for its products.
4
5
6
7 If you have questions or would like addaional information regatxiding this example, please contact the
8 German member organization of ISO:
9
10 Deutsches lnstiiut fur Normung. (DIN)
11 Burggrafenstrasse6
12 0-10787 Berlin Germany
13 Telephone: 49 30 26 010
14 Fax: 49 30 26 01 12 31
15 EmaT g;x:-j; :-
“ 2 : : : .z :
16
PAGE ll
1 EXAMPLE B
2 CLEMENS HARLE BREWERY, LEUTKIRCH, GERMANY
3 {A family-owned and operated brewing company, with 33 employees. implementing environmental
4 performance evaluation starting with a company eco-balance study (an input/output scheme for m a s
5 and energy) and management commitment to environmental protection]
6
7 Introduction
8
9 Clemens Hade is a small brewery run by the Harle family. Despite a trend to the contrary in the brewing
10 industry sector, the brewery is able to maintain its share of the market against competition from larger
11 breweries. The company is located in the town center of Leutkirch in the Allgau regon (State of Baden-
12 Wurttemberg, Germany). The company produces 28.500 hecta-litres of beer and sells 16,000 hecta-
13 litres of other beverages annually. Clemens Hade brewery had a tumover of approximately 8.1 million
14 Deutsche Marks in 1997. The majority of the 33 employees are employed in sales and the production
15 process.
16
17 The brewingof beer involves producingwort in a mashingand boiling process in the brewinghousefrom
18 the raw materials, which are hops, malt and water. After cooling, the wort is fermented. This fermented
19 immature beer is then stored and filtered. The finished beer is then decanted into bottles or pumped into
20 kegs (pressurised containers). All processes are subject to the strict food standards and purity laws that
21 apply to Bavarian breweries. The supportinginfrastructure consists of an energy supply, water su
22 and treatment plants, wastewater treatment and disposal, as well as facilities for the maintenance @?Iy
of
23 technical equipment and vehicles.
24
25 The finished products are stored at the brewery until the company transports them, using.its own
26 vehicles, to its customers. All vehicles are fuelled by organic diesel, refined from rapeseed oil. The sale
27 of the finished product is limited to an area with a 50 kilometre radius from the brewery to $guarantee
28 premium quality. This also helps to reduce the environmental impacts of distribution activities.
29
30 The raw materials (Le., malt and hops) are only purchased from farms controlled by two independent
31 institutions. No pesticides or artificial fertilisers are normally applied. Where their use is essential, only
32 the application of the minimum quantity that achieves the necessary effect is permissible.
33
34 Numerous measures have also been canied out for many years to reduce the consumption of resources,
35 in particular water and energy, and the volume of emissions. A new wort-boiling system in the brewing
36 house reducedthe consumption of heating oil by 25 percent. The use of waste heat was also improved.
37 A heat recovery system realises annual savings of approximately 45,000 litres of heating oil. Optimising
38 processes have levelled out peaks in electricity consumption. Water consumption has been reduced by
39 nearly 50 percent in the last twenty years. Because waste is sorted with care, few recyclable materials
40 are to be found in the non-recyclable waste. Organic waste from production processes is reused in
41 agriculture. Only reusaMe containers (Le., bottles and kegs) are used.
42
43 Noise pollution problems were addressed with noise abatement measures. These were accompanied by
44 independent surveys to guarantee that the noise levels on neighbouring properties are considerably
45 lower than the legal noise emission limits. Thus, adequate maans were always maintained to avoid
46 disturbance to the neighbours.
47
48 There were a few difficulties with wastewater acidity (Le., pH values) at the municipal sewage plant
49 before a neutralisation system could be put into operation. Since then, the fluctuations in the pH values
50 have been reduced and the relationship with authorities responsible for water standards has improved.
51
lSO!TC 2071SC 4 N295
ISO/TC 207/SC4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 12
1 Environmental activities are used to promote the company to the public, through mechanisms such as
2 press releases and guided tours. The company's profile has been raised by many reports in the media
3 and by winning awards for its environmental activities. Overall, HIrle has managed to maintain a long-
4 lastingwell-balanced relationshipwith interested garties (e.&, local residents and authorities).
5 c .
6 PianninaEPE
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 Company Eco-Balance Studies %
f7. -3V %ompany embalance sfu6yr Ts an fiemar annuar recomng of all Tncoming @nputJ
18 and all outgoing (outputJ mafenial-aandenergy sfreams o f me company. hpuf sfreams -.
19 iindiie raw materials, physicar pknf andequipmenf, wafer andenergy. Oirtpuf sfreams -.
20' "IiicfiuCe wasfer water, air emissibns, pmducfs and wasfes affer producfion. Tfiese -
zr envh"ental data are systemafcafi recoded-for me enfiire company year affer year
27 andare fFie basic data supporfi-ng hdiiiors for E F E 4,
23
24
25
26
27
28
29 Hlrie intends to produce additional environmental reports in future.
30
-
31 The company's many. environmental activities and the 1995 embalance study have provided a g_od
32 basis and information for planning its environmental performance evaluation (EPE). A very good data
33 base existed for the operational area, but the information base on management efforts was rather
34 limited. The following tables illustrate how the important environmental aspects were being managed
35 before the EPE initiative began.
36
37-
30 Significant Environmental Aspects
39
Significant Environmental Aspects I Management Status
Wafer andenergy consumption 1Talien info accounf at'HBETe (fZir approximafery 2D
-years), as is usuaf in 1KeweiTes. Reason: Wafer
'
-andenergy consumption accounf for a greaf share - '
- o fproducfhon costs, and are merefore analysed

-precisety for economic reasons. -
Air emissions, wastewater effluent and SolTdwaste Accurafe data is available from the eco-6arance -
-sfudy for the mosf relevant environmentar aspecfs
-of wasfewater @ofh volume and qualify), solid
wade and air emisions.
. e Possible leakage of ammonia from the cooling e Monitoring of the cooling system (ammonia)
system; and the use of cleaning agents and
ISOtTC 207/SC 4 N295
ISO/TC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 13
Significant Environmental Aspects I Management Status
10
0 - aaents
Use o f cfeanina - and dbinfectants;
Purity/quality of water and raw materials.
t
1 0
disinfedanfs TS related to safefy.
The health o f consumers has to be guaranfeed
by- regurar
- monitoring to ensure that wafer and f
c . 1 raw materiais meet food safety regurations.
LocaVregional environmental conditions I No direct local/regional environmental objectives
1
2.-
3
~"
Environmental Performance Criteria
4
Environmental Performance Criteria -
Management Status Data Availability
Legat and omer requiremenfs LegalTy rekvant federal raws on emission
profecfCon, fechnical guidefines on noise,
technicar gurdelines on air andhazardous
subsfances regulation. .
Legal requirements are routinely monitored and
checked to avoid problems with authorities.
0 The aim of the company is to achieve a
continually improving environmental profile;
consumers' environmental wncems are
determined by random surveys on individuals. -
Past and present performance Good planning data is available at Hiirle, since
rsystematically recorded over a long period of time.

-Standards and good management practices .Although an environmental management system
.certifiedto EMAS or IS0 14001 is not an obiective
.for Hade, intemally set standards are documented
in the environmental report.
-Performance data from industrial associations
-.Comparisonswith other breweries is a traditional

"craftsman's tool" in the brewingsector.
appropriate at H l r l e , t " t
1a small.family business.
as far
*is -
t-
are used -f
V
. . e
Clrlrlnilnasfmme Bava-
s (ExampleLRrwbg-
5
6
7
8
Interested Party Comment
- Wanagemenf representatives, employees Company strategy is blasedfowards .
environmentar awareness and protectbn by fhe
personal commitment of fhe Ekecufive
- Direcfor.
-0
.
As is typical for a small enterprise, informal
exchange is favoured over formal rules for
employee suggestions ("We know each other
and talk to each other).
lSO/TC 2071SC 4 N295
ISOfTC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 14
the master brewer and
1
2 Selectingindicatorsfor EPE
3
4 The company's environmental report explicitly outlines the environmental performance ob&ctiies at
5 Hade. The majority of the environmental objectives focus on technical and organizational measures. If
6 possible, the objectives are expressed quantitatively, For examde ob@ctivesrelated to enemare:
7
8 0 qualitative (organizationall technicall obittctive:
9 To plan and arrange investment in a combined heating and power plant.
10
11 0 quantitative (operational process) objective:
12 To improve the electrical efficiency in the whole company by at least 1 kilowatt hour per hecta-litre of
13 beer produced over the next three years.
14
15 Operational performance indicators (OPls) derived from the control of produdion (e.g., energy and water
16 consumption) and from the eco-balance study were selected and directly used to check progress towards
17 the objectives set. Absolute values were listed in the eco-balance report on the Hade brewery products
18 for the inputs and outputs indicated in Table 84.
19
1SOKC 2071SC 4 N295
ISOITC 2071% 4MIG 3 N22
DRAE-cIso-fB~.2
PAGE 15
1 TABLE B4
2 Input and Output Categories of the Harle Brewery Eco-Balance Study
3
4 krputs OutpttQs-
5 c -
6 Raw materials Main products

7 Operating and auxiliary materials By-productS
8 Packaging Waste
9 Office and-advertising materiat Solid waste
10 Energy Wastewater
11 Environmental media (e.g., water, air, soil) Waste (exhaust) gases
12 Commodities Energy emitted
13 Commodities
24
15
16 The following OPJs related to significant environmental aspects, expressed as absolute values (for
17 example, in 1994 electricity consumption was 413,000 kilowatt hours and wastewater volume was 6,800
18 cubic metres)*were to compare environmental performance over the last 10 years:
19 0 electricity used in kilowatt hours per year;
20 0 diesel fuel used in litres per year,
21 0 heating oil consumed in litres per year,
22 water consumed in cubic metres per year.
23
24 The absolute values were then related to the number of heda-litres of beer produced. This resulted in
25 an additional set of relative OPl’s which were also compared over the last 10 years. By doing this, and
26 by using graphical representation, the changes in the absolute values are more readily understood.
27 Some examples of these relative OPl’s are:
28 0 litres of heating oil consumed per hecta-litre of beer produced;
29 0 kilowatt hours of electricity used per hecta-litre of beer produced;
30 0 megajoules of natural gas consumed per heda-litre of beer produced;
31 0 litres of diesel fuel consumed per hecta-litre of total beer and other drink products;
32 0 total water consumed in litres per hecta-litre of beer produced;
33 0 potable water used for brewing in litres per hecta-litre of beer produced;
34 0 non-potable water used for cleaning and other purposes in litres per heda-litre of beer produced;
35 0 hecta-litres of beer produced per cubic metre of water (to measure water efficiency).
36
37 Using. data and information
38
39 The collection and analysis of environmentally relevant data at the HBrle brewery.,. although fairly
40 comprehensive, was found to need some improvement for EPE, as described below.
41
42 Collecting data
43
44 Even in small breweries such as Hade, data on energy and water consumption is collected regularly for
45 each process. This is done using Electronic Data Processing (EDP) and by hand (in the brewing book).
46 Collected data is regularly analysed by the master brewer.
47
48 Data on input materials is well-known (e.g., raw, operating and auxiliary materials purchased). The large
49 amount of work involved in collecting this data is a problem, since the data on quantities needed for the
50 performance evaluation has to be gathered from individual invoices filed in folders. Although software is
PAGE 16
1 used for book-keeping and for some sales records, this software does not support identifying and
2 recoding material flow quantities.
3
4 Before the eco-balance study, data on emissions, waste materials and waste heat was not adequate.
5 There was little qualitative data on the chemical contents and environmental properties of materials
6 used. Missing information was collected from external sources, in particularfrom suppliers.
7
8 An unusual feature of data collection at Hade is that data on volumes of inputs and outputs was not only
9 taken for the complete brewery, but also for each individual process. This means that it is not only
10 possible to identify how much of a particular material was used, but also where exactly these substances
11 were used or produced. Due to the amount of work involved, the brewery will not, in the future, make
12 such detailed investigationsof the process relevant indicators, which are very interesting for a detailed
13 operational performance evaluation. However, Hiirle will continue to collect water and energy
14 consumption data for each process.
15
16 Theoretically, it would be possible to use the automatically measured and recorded data on the
17 neutralisation system to identify the exact volumes of wastewater. However, it requires less work and is
18 more practicable to use a differential calculation (Le., water used minus brewing water, where sources of
19 error such as rain drainage are taken into account).
20
21 The exact identificationof environmental data was often problematic because it involved too much work
22 or measuring methods were too complicated or too expensive. The possibilities for time saving are
23 limited, because the company's information systems are not in a network (accounting, sales, recordingof
24 operational data in the production process) and data on quantities cannot be obtained in the form
25 needed. This shows how important it is to aim for corporate environmental information systems,
26 particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises. It will be easier to compile OPls if a company can
27 access and use the necessary data from a normal companLElectronic Data ProcessingCEDP) system.
28
29 Analysing-and converting.data
30
31 The anaiysis of the data on volumes and quantities showed varying quality in the data because it was
32 collected in different ways. For example:
33 0 Some quantities were actually measured (e.&.L measurements from water and electricity meters). or
34 quantities were known exactly (e.g., from invoices and receipts);
35 0 Other volumes and quantities were calculated (e& emissions calculated from oil consumption);
36 0 Some volumes and quantities were estimated values based on experience (e.g., from the master
37 brewer) for processes which had not been included in a data collection system Le&. consumption of
38 glue for labels);
39
41
42 EPE revealed that electricity consumption has constantly increased over the last ten years, and is
43 considerably higher than in comparable companies. This is probably due to the increased use of
44 machinery.
45
46 It was determined that by replacing heating oil with natural gas, emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen
47 oxide and sulphur dioxide could be reduced considerably.
48
49 EPE provided information on and helped to identik processes on which more precise technical
50 examinations should be conducted.
51
ISOKC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 17
1 By analysing the relevant process eco-balance information, it was possible to obtain an overview of the
2 areas in which significant quantities of cleansingagents are used.
3
4 Reportingand communicating
5 c .
6 The results of the environmental performance evaluation published in the environmental report were
7 systematically used for public relations. For example, a press conference was held which was featured
8 in m o n a l and national newspapers, and in radio news broadcasts.
9
10 The environmental report was distributed to targeted customers, visitors, authorities, opinion-formers and
- --11 interested consumers. The results were also published in consumer and environmentat joumals.
12
13 The environmental profile of the company was strengthened by winning the prize for environmental
14 excellence awarded by the Environment Ministry of Baden-Wufttemberg. The total response to the
15 environmental report, which included the embalance study, is considered to be very good.
16
17 Reviewing and improving EPE
18
19 Check
20
21 How effective is the present environmental performance evaluation process?
22
23 The Executive Director of Hade considers that a significant and general improvement of the company’s
24 environmental management system has been achieved by EPE.
25
26 ldentifying-indicators for EPE has gven new insigMs on how to omimise the Qrocesses, especially in the
27 areas of water use, energy use, and transport. EPE has also helped to identify several effective
28 measures for improvement (e.&, in waste management).
29
30 The material and energy eco-balance studies required apgroximately 50 man days, using- both an
31 extemal consultant and intemal employees. This first examination took so much time because data on
32 quantities of stock and on the consumption or volume of waste was not readily available for many raw
33 materials, auxiliary materials, or emitted substances.
34
35 lntemal and extemal expenditure, including sof€ware,totalled approximately 30,000 Deutsche Marks.
36
37 Act
38
39 How can the environmental performance evaluation process be improved?
40
41 For data which has to be recorded annually, it is possible to reduce workload by making the recording
42 time period the same as for the business year. Detailed environmental reports, such as the one from
43 1995, should be published every three years.
44
45 Workload for data recording should be less for the next environmental performance evaluation process
46 because a detailed database now exists. The data recording will also be simplified through the eco-
47 balance studies on commodities and processes.
48
49 Data will continue to be recorded and administered with eco-balance software. For future embalance
50 studies, the workload for the inputs and outputs will be reduced to approximately 20 man days and costs
51 are estimated at approximately 10,000 Deutsche Marks.
lSO/TC 2071sC 4 N295
lSO!TC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
aBAEtlsawLzAo3;L.Z
PAGE 18
1
2 Large time and cost savings can only be achieved with difficulty if the EDP information systems are not
3 extended and also used to support environmental performance evaluation. This would be too large an
4 exercise for a small company if it wanted to develop a company-specific solution. Therefore,
5 improvements in this area would only be possible if the software companies integrated fundions on
6 environmental performance evaluation Into their products.
7
8 The time taken for recording data can also be reduced by using checklists containing a systematic listing
9 of data sources, including location and storage medium.
10
11 The potential cost reductions identified so far have shown that it is-possible to link indicators for EPE to
12 costs. This has already happened for the use of water and energy as well as for some of the raw,
13 auxiliary and operating materials. Potentially, this could be expanded into systematic environmental cost
14 management.
15
16 Summary/conclusions
17
18 Excellent data now exists and participation in the European Union's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
19 (EMAS)or certification to IS0 14001 would be relatively easy should the Harle brewery decide to do so
20 in the future. Environmental performance evaluation following the guidance in draft versions of IS0
21 14031 has been successfully completed without an environmental management system that meets all
22 the requirements of EMAS or IS0 14001.
23
24
25
26 if you have questions or would like additional information regarding this example, please contact the
28
29 Deutsches lnstiiut fur Normung (DIN)
30 Butggrafenstrasse 6
31 D-i 0787 Berlin Germany
32 Telephone: 49 30 26 010
33 Fax: 49 30 26 01 12 31
34 E-mail: .7.-. . . ~--
. ~ _-
- . ...~.-_..
. ~ '..-.
:~ .. ~ ~ . ~ : ~ . . ~ . .
35
PAGE 19
1 EXAMPLE C
2 FREDERIKSBORG LINNEDSERVICE AIS, OELSTED, DENMARK
3 (An industrial laundry, with approximately 70 employees. sewing hospitals and rest homes. using IS0
4 14031 to review indicators developed to support its IS0 14001 environmental management system)
5 c - .
6 Introduction
7
8 Frederiksborg Linnedservice A/S is an industrial laundry that hires out, washes and maintains linen and
9 clothing for hospitals and rest homes in North Zealand and in the Copenhagen area of Denmark. Forty
10 percent of the company is owned by the county of Frederiksborg (40%) and sixty percentage is owned by
11 Berendsen Textile Service N S , which is a part of the Sophus Berendsen AIS group. it has
12 approximately 70 employees and an annual tumover of about 30 million DKr.
13
14 During 1997 and 1998 Frederiksborg Linnedservice developed an environmental management system
15 which was certified to IS0 14001 in June 1998. The company's environmental policy commits it to "a
16 constant redudion of the environmental impact caused by our production". Health and safety matters
17 within the company are dealt with by the safety committee which co-ordinates its activities with those
18 relating to the environmental management system operations.
19
20 The company's activities are covered by the 'Regulation of companies other than listed ones", which is
21 legislation that requires the company to give notice to the local authority of any significant changes in its
22 activities. (Note: listed companies are those required to apply for an environmental permit before they
23 can commence or expand production.) The municipality of Frederikmmk issues the company's
24 wastewater discharge permit under Chapter 4 of the Law of Environmental Protection.
25
26 Planning EPE
27
28 As part of the development of its environmental management system the company identified its
29 significant environmental aspects, set environmental performance criteria (objectives and targets) and
30 identified its interested parties.
31
32 The company's significant aspects are:
33 the consumption of water, energy and washing chemicals;
34 0 waste water discharge;
35 0 laundry transportation;
36 various aspects arising during the upstream and downstream lifecycle phases of the produds that
37 the company processes (Le. linen and clothing).
30
39 As part of its environmental management system, Frederiksbom Linnedservice has established
40 environmental targets relating to its environmental performance. Like the other 21 laundries belonging
41 to the Berendsen Textile Service, Frederiksborg Linnedservice is working on benchmarking and
42 optimising its environmental performance regarding its consumption of water, electricity, chemicals and
43 oiUgas under the so-called Water, EledricitL.Chemicals and OiUGas (WECO) pogramme. The WECO
44 programme involves setting overall targets for the Berendsen Textile Service and individual targets for
45 each of the 21 laundries within the group through an economic evaluation of these four inputs. All
46 Berendsen Textile laundries in Denmark and Sweden will be certified to I S 0 14001 within 2 to 3 years.
47 Then each laundry will be able adiust its specific taQets within the overall WECO targets as part of its
48 target setting within I S 0 14001.
49
50 The most important interested parties were also identified during the implementation of I S 0 14001 and
51 these are:
ISO/TC 20?/SC 4 N295
lSO/TC M71SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 20
1 employees;
2 neighbours;
3 the municipality of Frederiksvark and the County of Frederiksborg;
4 0 customers;
5 0 &aril of directoWmanagement;
6 0 Berendsen Textile Service AIS;
7 0 Sophus Berendsen Corporate Environment Department.
8
9 Selecting indicators for EPE
10
11 In order to monitor and evaluate how its environmental performance compares with the targets that have
12 been established under its EMS, Frederibborg linnedseervice developed a series of management and
13 operational performance indicators. IS0 14031 was used to evaluate whether these indicators wuld be
' 14 usefully supplemented with additional Management Performance Indicators (MPls) and Operational
15 Performance Indicators (OPls) and with environmentat condition indicators (ECls).
16
17 This evaluation took place at a series of meetings with attendance by environmental and other managers
18 from Frederiksborg Linnedservice, Berendsen Textile Service and Sophus Berendsen AIS. The
19 meetings typically consisted of an introduction to IS0 14031 and to the process of identifying significant
20 aspects and selecting indicators. This was followed by a systematic review of the annex to IS0 14031
21 and the lists of significant environmental aspects, indicators, objectives and targets from the
22 environmental management system. Finally, a potential list of indicators was prepared and the
23 relevance of each indicator was discussed taking into account the technological and economic
24 circumstances of the company.
25
26 The result was a list of 44 indicators grouped as:
27
28
0 -
(E) existing indicators, i.e., those selected in the development of the company's environmental
management system;
29 0 (D) - indicators for which the basic data exists and whose applicability will be evaluated as part of
30 the objective and target setting process for 1999;
31 0 -
(F) relevant future medium and long term indicators.
32
33 The indicators selected, the reasons for their selection and their relation to environmental objectives and
34 targets are presented in Table C l and C2.
35
36 Review of the indicators for EPE
37
38 The indicators will be evaluated annually unless otherwise stated. If the period is a project *nod, this is
39 indicated by a (P). Indicators contained in Sophus Berendsen's Environmental Questionnaire are
40 indicated by SBEQ. The Questionnaire is sent out each year by the Sophus Berendsen Corporate
41 Environment Department to collect site specific information on environmental management activities and
42 environmental performance for the corporate database. This is published in Sophus Berendsen's
43 Environmental Profile.
44
ISOfTC 2071SC 4/WG 3 N22
PAGE 21
Reasons for Choice of Indicator

I -
MPI mas - anbRebWon to EnvironmentarPirlicy,

. Environmental ObjectTves or Targets
Implementation of policies and programmes

Number of questions answered on a [ E 1 To give an initial estimate of the
I
questionnaire conceming environmental environmental performance level of
conditions sent to selected environmentally suppliers. Used as a criterion for the
critical suppliers selection of suppliers and for development
collaborations with suppliers
t t
Obiectfwe: estimation of suppliers causing
significant environmental impacts
ongoingbasis
Objwwe: implementation of action plans

conceming ,work place assessment
Scnre f r m aquestionnaire conwming-the- - E , Ta.estimakthe level &staff satiRfadian
m e e af staff satisaction -
and attwtkewmkina
potiyc_.saf~?
- r b b l h e c a s p e r w a M ~ E .Lndicatesthehealth.aaLWSy-
wahintRecompany
- eeiectrw: improverrteRtefewlceRt.Rea#lt
- aftetsafety-conditions
Mumberoffntatinstmctiorrtroars - E- -lirefrsmd~atallemptopeesrecemea
- permployeefEnvimnmental-instmctiorr
..
"ronrlevel of e n v i *mmg
- amsists of extemai courses, intemat -
~ seminars/coarse-andon-the-jcbtmh@ - at least oneday-crf-
- em- t instrudiorrfrrreach
-
emptoyee-
lSO/TC 207lSC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207/SC 4MIo 3 N22
Dlum--lI#3?.2
PAGE 22
I m-
anbRelafFon to EnvironmenfatPoRy,
Environmental Objiecfiives or Targee
To document whether new acquisitions and
important rebuildings are being
environmentany assessed
acquisitions and important rebuildings
Objective: systematic environmental
t -
assessment of new acquisitions and
important rebuildings
Numberlpercentage of pmducts To document whether selected products are
environmentally assessed by the company being environmentally assessed
out of a selected number of existing and
newly purchased environmentally critical Objectsve: environmental assessment of
pnoducts having significant environmental
t -.envri--
criticPCQrodrrctffoFch the- .
-. al requi-
' nof chemical-
-r(PmPnrlPSllhc)Rlrtm
.-urbstoncesoFuFlclcceptableenvirnnmPntPl
c
pe$founanca-bysupph'er)
-
- instiuctionspermonth for functkmlunlts- - envimental m a n a g " irr
. wtrereit is-fumd'retevant (BTSkvlevetf- .- " t i o n d u n i t s - (trn3catur-u~~
. themanagement review)-
ISO/TC 207/SC 4 N295
ISOlTC 207/SC 4WG 3 N22
L
m I soltus 1
-
anbfWafion to EnvironmenfaTPoTicy,
Fnvironmental Objectiies or TargefS
I
Number of corrective actions per D . To estimate the efforts to recti* the
functTonfunit weaknesses of the system (Indicator used
for the management review)
Value (DKr) of raw material and resources . E . To show the operational savings of raw
saved compared to consumption in the material and resources
fourth quarter of 1995 (WECO)
To promote the WECO obiectives
conceming reduction of consumption of
I 1 chemicals
Costs of chemicals consumed CJVECO)-pr 1. E To compare operational costs with those of
kilogram of laundered clothes ~ other laundries
, To promote the WECO objectives

~ 0 CostaffueLper-vehicle. . E - Tash~wthe total operational costsrr?lated
- a castsamllintanance acWqais-pec- - t a t h e company’s v e h i c l e s @ e ~ ~
vehicle , ope~&~nalperformanceindiratar uoder
. supphe%and deliveries).
t
t
t-.
I
- swagp.discharge
t
t t
toensureadi;rtogt;rewittr
extmmbinterested partiesregarrhng-
“plaints fmmneighbouk regarding

m,smettamfothers issues
Patcyr cunsider the envirornrrentarr
tt It.- impottant part of the company’s retallun tu
society
ISOlTC 2071sC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
asAuLLs01&F403;L.2
PAGE 24
~-
lpIm sfatus - andR'ebtion to Environmenfal-FOUcy, .
Eiluironmental Objiec€Fvesor Tiugefs -
Numkr of newspaperclippings refemng to F - To estimate whether environmental
the environmental management and/or the performance is being communicated widery
- environmental perfomlance of the company
Objective: to ensure a dialogue on the
company's environmental activities with
t extemaiinterested parties
F To estimate the marketing value of the
environment as part of the reason for environmental management activities
choosing Frederiksborg Linnedservice
Pdicy: consider the environment to be an
t important part of our trade with customers
1
t

opt Smtus and-Refaltbnto EnvircmmentatPoKcy, -
-
EhvironmerrEII'-OF@ectivesor nrgetr;
Materials .
Chemicals used per kilogram of laundered E To estimate the consumption of chemicals
textiles SBEQ for comparison with other laundries
(SBEQ: Kilograms of washing chemicals, WCO-target reduction of the

kilograms of natriumhypochiorite and litres consumption of chemicals
E To estimate the consumption of water for t

L
I
SBEQ -comparisonwith other laundries
I
. (SBEQ: Total consumption in cubic metres - ., WECO-taqpt redudion of the
and cost of water in DKr) ,. consumption of water
. Number of auxiliary products containing . E - To estimate rate of phaseout of

polwinylchloride - SBEQ . pslyvinylchloride-containingOraduds
. CSBEQ: Volume in cubic metres and cost in

.
~
DKr of polwinylchloride-containingplastic
- waste; quantiin kilograms and cost in DKr -
. of polyyinyjchloride for wrappin&
. Chlnroflnltmrnmonstock in a
- n u m b e r a s , equipme4
machinerv.gchloro-
r-.i
(SaEaL Quantitv in kilogramsat

~. Qbj&ve:
- QfPVC.
-
suwey of the uselemployment
- E -uestimaklndlatlvA
. .. .
- SBFQ--pbseaLdchlomaaumcarbans
-
-
-
Qb@diw%suwey.
-rbons
Mikstmk&
-
--
chlornfiollmrarhomin air-condaaaingaab. - -
~ infirezfightinsequipment) 7:
lSO/TC 207/SC4 N295
lSO/TC 207/SC4NvG 3 N22

OPI stafus - andRelMRon to EnvironmentaWolTEy,
Environmental Objecfives or Targefs
. Rewashing (a second wash of the textiles E To survey the extent of re-washing in order -
' as a-resklt of quality control) as a to find possibilities for reducing the extent of
percentage of the total amount of laundry re-washing
To promote the WECO-objectives

Percentage reduction in use of chlorine per D - To estimate the status of the reduction in
. kilogram of washed clothes compared with . use of chlorine.
,' previous year's use
Ob,/ective: reduction to a technically
Percentage of re-circulated water used F

necessary level
To estimate performance in relation to water
.
during the textiles washing process (for reuse for comparison with other laundries
, each principaltype of textile, if possible)
To be used if a water re-circulation target is
set for the laundries
Energy
c " @ m a fdecthity-and-ailf~ - E. .TaestknaktheconsumptiMaLekckWy-
kibg"O€washed clothes.@ECQ . SRFC3 - n n d ~ f n r m p a r i s a n l a d t h a t h e c .
laundries
. Total consumptioninmegavvatt
hnllr?;andcOSt in DKr of e n e m
ISO/TC 207/SC4 N295
lSO/TC 207/SC41wG 3 N22
DRAET-ISO.IB.
""2"
PAO 26

OPI . Stafus - andRetafion to EnvironmenfaTPoIRy,
. Environmental Owecbves or Targets
Consumption of fuel per kilometre per E To estimate whether certain vehicles use
vehiEle unexpectedlyhigh amounts of fuel
Objective: reduction of the environmental

impact during transport
Waste
Amount of waste by type in cubic metres E . To estimate performancein relation to
(SBEQ) as well as the costs of waste in DKr SBEQ - waste minimisetion.
Obledive: waste minimisation
VVasteperkilngramafwm- ,. F -TQtW&Mkpedarmance_breletiank
llU&fLminimlsatian,sneciftedt4tylpe_
~ttEfutllrekY&eteQU~Qf-
the_muaicipalit)r
k-beseecrasa part of-theWE€O-

..
tW&xti"ibifion as a pnmtqtr - 0 +crestimatewhether l e g a l m q m " W ca+
measur"k)-
(based*orrsetf-controI Presentonty a g u i d e t i i are-bemg
" b c f w i t h i n a good-margirr
-
i-
Discha~gefjt3iologicalOxygen BEmand-arrcf D-
cfremical Oxygen Demand in wastewater
-
(based on seRcmt" m e a s o w . To
be fottowed as the annual concmm-atton and- -
absDMe a m m a s well asthe amountper -
Ribgram ofwashe6clothes
1
3
ISOfTC 207/SC4 N295
ISOfTC 2071SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 27
1 Data and information for the monitoring of the selected indicators will be collected as part of the IS0
2 14001 process supplemented by contacts with key site, subsidiary and corporate representatives.
3
4 The information generated by the EPE process will be communicated internally,as part of the I S 0 14001
5 communication adiities. This will include oral presentations by the site manager and environmental co-
6 ordinator and by other participants in the EPE pro@& at subsidiary and corporate level as well as the
7 dissemination of the present project report.
8
10
11 The present indicators as well as any new indicators selected in the 1999 I S 0 14001 planning process
12 will be reviewed as part of the intemal environmental reporting process and the management system
13 review. The site environmental co-ordinator will, in co-operation with the relevant subsidiary and
14 corporate environmental personnel, make suggestions for further use and improvement of EPE as part
15 of the I S 0 14001 process, and decisions will be taken as part of the management system review.
16
17 SummarylConclusions
18
19 Frederiksborg Linnedservice offers the following observations regarding its implementationof EPE:
20
21 The use of IS0 14031 inspired the company to find new management and operational performance
22 indicators, which may be incorporated into the existing environmental management system. The
23 management performance indicators may be especially useful in relation to the management review,
24 while the operational performance indicators are particularly useful in the daily operation of targets
25 and conditions.
26
27 The company is already working actively with qperational performance indicators as a tool for
28 controlling the consumption of water, electricity, chemicals and oil/gas WECO). Using I S 0 14031
29 stimulated the development of additional ways of controlling these parameters (for instance by
30 focusing on the reuse rate of water and on the economic savings) and the development of the
31 relevant indicators.
32
33 For the time being, environmental condition indicators are not considered applicable but the
34 company may in the future consider how to use environmental conditional indicators in its extemal
35 communication with interested parties.
36
37 The presence of an environmental management system means that developing new indicators can
38 be done in a straightforward process since procedures for collection and handling of data and data
39 reporting do already exist.
40
41 IS0 14031 can be seen as an altemative to IS0 14001 for companies who do not wish to establish
42 an extensive management system but who would, however, like to work systematically and
43 continuously on improving their environmental performance. For a company with an EMS certified
44 to IS0 14001, EPE can supplement the procedures already developed and especially help focus the
45 process of intemal environmental reporting and the management review.
46
47 The implementation of EPE also included MPls and OPls relating to health and safety aspects of the
48 activities at the site as part of the ongoing dialogue with the health and safety committee at the site.
49
50
51
~ l s c .
ISOfTC 2071SC
PAGE 28
1
2
3 If you have questions or require additional information regarding this example, please contact the
4 Danish member organizationof ISO:
* *
5
6 Dansk Standard (0s)
7 Kollegievej 6
8 OK-2920 Charlottenlund Denmark
9 Telephone: 45 39 96 61 01
10 Fax: 45 39 96 61 02
11 ' E-mail:;~x;;:;;~;;-: :;?
-;:
12
13
PAGE 29
1 EXAMPLE D
2 PERUSAHAAN PELINDUNG GETAH, MALAYSIA
3 (A rubber glove manufacturing company, with approximately 100 employees, getting started on
4 environmental perfotmance evaluation)
5 - -
6 Introduction
7
8 The Perusahaan Pelindung Getah (M) Sdn. Bhd. (PPGM) is a small private limited company established
9 in 1988 and located in Malaysia. The PPGM factory is located upstream from a public water supply
10 intake which consequently requires the PPGM to comply with stringent effluent standards. The total
11 number of employees at the PPGM is approximately 100. The factory has three production lines which
12 operate 24 hours per day, for 312 days each year. The factory produces approximately 8 million pieces
13 of medical examination gloves per month, most of which are exported to the United States of America.
14
15 The PPGM uses a latex concentrate with 60% dry rubber content presenred with 0.7% ammonia on latex
16 by weight. A latex compound is prepared by adding chemicals to the latex in a sequence of batch
17 operations. The additives include fatty acid soap CstabiIiserL sulphur (cross-linking agenth zinc
18 dibutyldithiocarbamate (accelerator), zinc oxide (activator), alkylated phenols (anti-oxidant) and tianium
19 dioxide (pigment). After mixing-withthe chemicals, the latex is left to mature for one day before its
20 utilisation in glove manufacturing.
21
22 The manufacturing process uses the coagulant dipping technique and an automatic chain drive system.
23 The dipping process begins with cleaning of the porcelain formers and finishes with stripping of the
24 gloves from the formers. Although the technology adopted for glove manufacturing is widely used by
25 latex glove manufacturers since it is practical and has low operating costs, environmental considerations
26 had not been fully incorporated in the design resulting in significant environmental concems.
27
28 The occurrence of residual soluble proteins in latex gloves has the potential to cause allergic reactions in
29 sensitised individuals and their release into the wastewater.
30
31 The wastewater from the PPGM factory is treated on site in an effluent treatment plant utilisi
32 chemical flocculation, anaerobic digestion and activated sludge process. Hazardous chemical slu ge
33 containingzinc is produced. Legisfation muire PPGM to collect, transport, treat and finally dispose of
34 the sludge to a central treatment facility. PPGM is also required to treat its effluent to comply with the
35 existingregulatory standards. The effluent standards with which PPGM is expected to comply are that
36 the zinc concentration in the final discharge be less than 1 milligram per litre and Chemical Oxygen
37 Demand (COD) is to be less than 50 milligrams pj?rlitre.
38
39 This example concentrates on startincan EPE process. PPGM does not have an environmental policy
40 and no environmental management system is in place, but the management of PPGM has agreed to
41 evaluate its environmental performance followingthe principles of IS0 14031. In this example, the
42 company is attempting to reflect the relationship between the indicators for EPE and the company's
43 environmental performance criteria.
44
45 PlanninxEPE
46
47 The management of PPGM decided to plan their EPE based on the environmental aspects related to the
48 company's activities, the views of selected interested parties and some selected environmental
49 performance criteria.
50
51 The important environmental aspects of the companyjs products and activities were identified as
52 indicated in Table D1.
s o a c y 9 5
ISOmC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 30
1
2 TABLE 01
3 Important Environmental Aspects of PPGM
4
Prbductl Environmental Aspect Potential ImpactlEffect
Activity
Tubber glove a Disposal of rejected gloves (Le., 0 Soil and ground water contamination
those not meeting pnodud through land application and air
specifications) and generation of pollution through open buming
solid waste
Addition of chemicals (e.g., Soil and ground water contamination
xmpounding stabilisers, curatives, protective through land application
agents, pigments, defoamers) in
latex compounding Water pollution
Discharge of residual latex Heatth-related problems for workers

containing toxic chemicals and
generation of hazardous solid waste
(residual latex coagulum containing
toxic chemicals)
Addition of sulphur pwder during

latex compounding
Mixing of ammaaia--ed latex.

in open tanks ande"i of. air
pollutants (ammoni&vapmc and..
sulphur dust)
Genemtb.ot-.. .
. .
waste v-
of zinc md-COD.
g e n e r a t i w e F - R I i q u i dwaste
containiW&@wmaM&
zinc and.COD:
5
6 After reviewing public statements, minutes of meetings and discussions with interested parties, the
7 important interested parties were identified as indicated in Table D2.
8
-
lSO/lC 207/SC4MIG
PAGE 31
1 TABLE D2
2 The Views of Interested Parties
3
Interested Parties 1 Expected View
Depaffmenf of ttie Fnvironmenf ' Treated effluent shall comply with regulafory
requirements
Export market (e.g., U.S.A. Food and Drug Level of extractable protein in rubber gloves
Administration) shall be less than or equal to 0.3 milligrams
extractable protein per gram of rubber .
. Public water treatment plant operator ~
Quality of river water at the intake which may
be affected by. the effluent dischaQed from
the PPGM factory
- PPGM tap management Cmt.&ffe&venessof e n v i m - .
measuces
LocaLcxMxmwity .L PPW'soperationsshall not cause&+
nuisaacp
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24 PPGM selected indicators for EPE to provide information on management efforts, performance of its
25 operations and the condition of the environment as a direct consequence of the implementation of
26 environmental management programs. The management of PPGM has also established the objectives
27 and targets to be achieved within a specified time-frame for each of the programs. The indicators
28 selected are more meaningful with the establishment of these objectives. The PPGM has also set up a
29 project plan for each program. The project plan lists the activities to be camed out, the time frame, the
30 resources, and the responsibilitiesassociated with each activity.
31
32 The indicators selected in relationto environmental performance criteria are presented in Table 03.
33
34
35
36
37
ISOffC 207/SC 4 N295
ISOffC 207/SC 4/WG 3 N22
PAGE 32
1 TABLE 03
2 Selected Indicators for EPE
3
Indicators for EPE 1 Basis for Selection of the Jndicator
indi\rir(llnla.Qe., number of p&ntiaLcause of pmt-
c Ckmgesin the quality of S c H i a S e - w c I F-eFevakrati against

ttpskearn-and downstream&- tRe-fWcw$s- f”anse-criterion ORB-
efffuent.diarge point. Tt&-hkaWis - enrrirr\nment is not advgtsely a#e@e&by.
Based onthe test for inhibW&wygen- PPGAArsoperations(TM *be
consumption by activated s b c i f p e uwfiA-k,#e water treatWpkMoeeFateF),
out inaGcocdance with the Is8%W
procedure. The specific indisateF&#e-
percentage of change in ECSBvakte-wRece- -
EC 50 is defined as the conced&ieff.wkick -
Mibits the oxygen consumptieRby-!j€%
4
5
6
7
ls " =
lSO/TC 207EC
PAGE 33
1
2 Using data and information (Collecting, analysing, and converting data)
3
4 Some of the indicators require raw data collection on a regular basis, analysis of the collected data and
5 conversion of the data into indicators. For example, the indicator on the quantity of zinc discharged to a
6 watercourse per month requires regular measurements of effluent flow rates and zinc concentrations in
7 the effluent. The PPGM management uses a commercial software to enable the collected data to be
8 stored and managed. The computer software has the capability to display the analysed data in a
9 graphical form and to show the trend of the various indicators with time. The information can be
10 incorporated in a report, prepared using a word processor, for communication to interested parties on a
11 regular basis.
12
13 Reviewingand improving,EPE
14
15 PPGM may consider adding more indicators, for example, on the consumption of toxic chemicals,
16 energy and water. The company's management will also consider implementing an environmental
17 management system to improve the use of EPE in the comeany.
18
19 Summarykonclusions
20
21 PPGM recognises the need for €?E and in general the need for the company to embark on an EMS
22 following the I S 0 14001 system to maintain competitiveness in its industry.
23
24
25
27 Malaysian member organization of ISO:
28
29 Department of Standards Malaysia @SM)
30 2ist Floor, Wisma MPSA
31 Persiaran Perbandaran
32 40675 Shah Alam
33 Selangor Datu1 Ehsan Malaysia
34 Telephone: 60 3 559 80 33
35 Fax: 60 3 559 24 97
36 E-M: 'i.
--.
- -
37
DRAFT 1SO TR 14032.2
PAC3E 34
1 EXAMPLE E
2 KATAYAMA SHOKUHIN COMPANY, SHlUNJl PLANT, JAPAN
3 (A food processing company, with approximately 200 employees, getting started on environmental
4 performance evaluation)
5 - -
6 Introduction
7
8 Katayama Shokuhin is a food processing company that produces various types of pickles. The
9 company's headquarters are in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan. This case study focuses on its main plant
10 at Shiunji, constructed in 1986 in the industrial park in the town. It is a medium-sized plant, with a total
11 floor space of 8,017 square metres and 202 employees. The raw materials are farm products, and total
12 annual production is approximately 4,700 tonnes.
13
. 14 The industrial park in which the plant is situated is near the coast, away from residential areas. The
15 waste water discharged from the industrial park flows into the sea via the Ochibori River, which runs
16 nearby. The Niigata Prefecture monitors the water quality in the Ochibori River, to confirm the required
17 environmental standards are properly achieved.
18
19 The plant has been developina an environmental management program, which included the
20 establishment of an environmental conservation organization. The company is committed to working on
21 local environmental issues and takes a leading-role in the rwion's anti-pollution liaison confetence.
22 (Katayama Shokuhin's chairman has been the chairman of the conference since 1992, and the
23 company's president has been a diredot of the conference since 1996). Although the company is
24 interested in IS0 14001, it has no definite plans to develop its environmental management system for
25 the purposes of certification to the standard.
26
27 PlanningEPE
28
29 Katayama Shokuhin, as part of its active environmental commitment, conducted an intemal review of the
30 environmental impact of its operations and established an environmental action plan based on the
31 Environmental Activities Evaluation Progtam in 1997. Following those measures, the comeany started
32 an environmental performance evaluation, and is now developing it further using the guidance in IS0
33. t
y 1.
34
J:
35 EnvironmentalActivities Evaluation Program:
36 Tciss is a program thaf me FnvironmentatXgency o f Japan has been worttiii on since
37- - l99ETr'1a effort to help various busiilesses, such as smalr and medTum siredenferprii's,
38 I understand and impkmenf environmenfar conservation. Srmpfe fechnques fir
39 . environmental consenrafibn, ii~ctudihginfemar reviews of the environmenfar' impacts
40 andcommifmenf and preparafFonofacfion ptans, are provided in fhTs program.
41
42 Summarising environmentalaspects
43
44 In implementing its environmental performance evaluation, Katayama Shokuhin have identified their
45 environmental aspects by summarising the relationship between each manufacturing process and its
46 environmental impact. Table E l shows the stages from the arrival of raw materials and conveyance of
47 products to product disposal.
48
-w=
DRAFf IS0 TR 14032.2
PAGE 35
1 TA6LE E l
2 Process Stages and Related Environmental Aspects
3
0 Boxopeningprocess es from packaging materials (e.g.
from washing, segregating garbage

Desalinisation process Use of water resources, waste water discharged
Seasoning and compression processes

Maturation process Wastewater from seasoning
Measuring and packaging process
Produdin inspection process Use of packaging materials
, Packaging and shipping
4
5 Identifying the views of interested parties
6
7 Katayama Shokuhin have tried to understand and reflect interested parties' opinions through consultation
8 with the Niigata Environmental Association (an organization of business entities in the prefecture) and
9 the Environmental Management Division of Niigata Prefecture, as well as through discussions in
10 meetings on environmental conservation policies within the industrial park (town officials in charge also
11 participated).
12
13 Environmental objectives and priorities
14
15 When planning for the environmental performance evaluation, the company established its broad
16 environmental objectives. Priority was given to action, and environmental performance criteria later
17 established, in such amas as:
18 0 resource saving (efficient and reduced use of resources);
19 reduction of environmental loads (emission reduction, better waste disposal, and redudion of carbon
20 dioxide emissions);
21 0 pollution prevention (of water);
22 environmental education.
23
24 Selectinqindicators for EPE
25
26 Basis for selectingindicators
27
-
ISOKC 207/SC
PAGE 36
1 Katayama Shokuhin established a set of indicators, as shown in Table E2, which the company
2 considered would help its understanding (and management) of the identifiedenvironmental aspects. The
3 results for 1997 and 1998 have been understood in principle and have sharpened the company's focus
4 on the relationship between its environmental aspects, the related production processes and the use of
5 its products. The basis for the selection of indicators was as follows:
6
7 Discharges to water
8
9 Recognisingthat waste water discharge is an important environmental a s w d for food manufactudng,
10 Katayama Shokuhin have selected the total Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) as the Operational
11 Performance Indicator (OPI) to evaluate organic pollution of the receiving waters Ghe Ochibori Riverlby
12 their discharges. They have also adopted, as a more strict control, a related Management Performance
13 Indicator @ P
l-)I which compares the BOD of their discharges against a criterion of 60 milligrams of
14 oxygen per litre of waste water discharged the company has voluntarily set itself. (The discharge of
15 hazardous materials is not problematic because of the characteristics of this type of industry.)
16
17 Exhaust ggises
18
19 The total output of carbon dioxide has been selected as a basic OPI, because it is easy to calculate and
20 helps to identify the trends in emissions, and environmental impacts, of other pollutants arising from
21 combustion. The company has also estimated, for reference purgoses, the output of carbon dioxide in
22 the conveyance of products by subcontractors to determine the indirect environmental impact as much
23 as possible.
24
25 S C W L Y S
26
27 The quantity of solid waste produced bytype was selected as a basic OPI. The company has also
28 adopted the quantity of waste consigned for treatment and disposal by contractors as an OPI to assist in
29 promoting. on-site disposal. The quantity-of packaging materials on the company's products (yhich is
30 disposed of as waste by the consumer) was also selected as an OP1, to improve understanding of the
31 indirect environmental impact.
32
33 Utilisingresources
34
35 The volume of water, and the mass of paper and plastics used for packing-were all selected as OPl's to
36 track and understandthe use of resources other than energy in the plant.
37
38 Employee education
39
40 The number of employees who have received education on environmental conservation was selected as
41 an MPI to stress the significance of education to employees.
42
43 Water quality
44
45 The prefecture measures the environmental quality standard CEQSkof the rivers into which the waste
46 water from the industrial park is discharged. The company does not gather specific EQS data but is
47 informed by the prefecture that the desired EQS has been continually achieved in recent years. This
48 information in effect provides a qualitative EnvironmentalCondition Indicator(ECI).
49
50 Targets as environmental performance criteria
51
ISO!TC 207/SC 4 N295
lSO!TC 207BC 4NVG 3 NZZ
PAGE 37
1 The company has set targets linked to appropriate indicators, as its environmental performance criteria.
2 The targets relate to environmental aspects such as discharges to water, exhaust gas and wastes. Each
3 target is expressed as a value to be attained in the year 2002 (fwe years after the base year of 1997).
4
5 - - TABLE E2
6 Indicators of EPE and Environmental Performance Targets
7
Indicator Result Target
(1997) (2002)
4,881 tonnes
oxygen
92% 100%
rbon dioxide (within the plant) 1,806 tonnes 95%

(of the 1997 result)
280,309 tonnes
Total output of wastes (within the plant) OPI 1,125 tonnes 95%
Combustibles (off~ce) OPI 6.5 tonnes (of the 1997 resutt)
Combustibles (pmdudion) OPI 704 tonnes
Garbage #I 12 tonnes
Sludge of waste water treatment OPI 402 tonnes
Total consigned for treatment by contractors OPI 1.101 tonnes ' 10%
(Reference) (of the 1997 result)
Packaging wastes after consumption of products OPI 1,320 tonnes
Utilising resaurces
Usage of water resources
Usage of paper for packaging materials

II Opt
OP1
188,842 cubic
metres
1,192 tonnes
90%
90%
Usage of plastics for packaging materials OPI 128 tonnes 90%

[of the 1997 result)
Educationof emptoyees
27 All employees
environmentaleducation (/vote 3) I
8
9 NOTES
10 (1) Voluntary discharge criterion is BOD 60 milligrams of oxygen per litre of waste water discharged.
11 (2) Including carbon dioxide induced by purchasing of power (calculated using a coefficient).
12 (3) Number of employees who received extemal and intemal training by experts.
13
14
lS-w95
ISOKC 207lSC W G 3 f422
PAGE 38
1
2
3
4 Using data and information (Reporting and communicating)
5 - -
6 Katayama Shokuhin is trying to make all employees aware of the results of its environmental
7 performance evaluation to promote employee involvement. The company has also submitted an
8 environmental adion plan based on the Environmental Adion Evaluation program as well as publishing
9 the results of its adions.
10
11 Reviewing and improvinqEPE
12
13 Emphasis was initially been placed on the development of OPls. The company has pm@!ssed bey_ond
14 evaluating only the plant to asses the emission of exhaust gases during the transportation of its
15 products, and the generation of waste that results when the consumes of its products dispose of the
16 packaging.
17
18 Katayama Shokuhin's environmental performance evaluation is still in its early stages. It intends to
19 review the evaluation to confirm the appropriateness of the selected EPls and the effectiveness of the
20 targets for further improvement.
21
22 Summatykonclusions
23
24 In spite of being a medium-sized company, Katayama Shokuhin's management is clearly committed to
25 protection of the environment, and has camed out an environmental performance evaluation at its
26 Shiunji Plant. It has focused on all production processes and to some extent on the use of its products.
27 Detailed data have been collected for EPE purposes and an improved understanding of the plant's
28 environmental aspects has resulted which should greatly assist the company to improve its
29 performance.
30
31
32
33 If you have questions or require additional information regardingthis example, please contact the
34 Japanese member organization of ISO:
35
36 Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC)
37 c/o Standards Department
38 Ministry of lntemational Trade and Industry
39 1-3-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku
40 Tokyo 100 Japan
41 Telephone: 81 3 35 01 20 96
42 Fax: 81 3 35 80 86 37
43 E-mail: :. __ -.: :
;- =
44
ISO/TC 2071SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 39
1 f3CAMPLE F
2 ENVASES ALVHER, MATADEROS PLANT, BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA
3 (A site of the company manufacturing flexible laminated packaging, with 210 employees, using
4 environmental performance evaluation to evaluate its solvents recycling program)
5 ..-
6. ln&mhtyn
7
8 Envases Alvher, an industrial division of "Dinan S.A.", is a leader in Argentina in the market of flexible
9 laminated packaging, with 50 years of activity in the packaging business. The market in Argentina has a
10 volume of approximately 15,600 tonnes per Xear. Envases Alvher has a market share of approximately
11 46 percent.
12
13 The company employs 350 people distributed among 3 plants which have a total covered area of 17,000
* 14 square metres. The plants use equipment for polyethylene extrusion, extrusion-coating, and for different
15 types of coatings and metallic films. In addition, rotogravure printing machines, laminators, some which
16 use solvents and some which do not, cutters and embossing machines are used in the production
17 PrOCeSS.
18
19 Combinations of simple and compound films are produced for use in the food, cosmetic, personal care,
20 cleaning, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. Examples of these produds are:
21 0 special foils (e.g., tetra laminated) for packaging machines, especially high speed machines;
22 0 multilayered foils for tubes to be used for toothpaste, cosmetics and foods;
23 0 metallic substrata to be used in different laminations and foils for special packaging processes.
24
25 Planning EPE
26
27 In 1994 the company started to implement an environmental management system. As a first step, an
28 environmental policy common to all three plants was written, and a plan was developed for the activities
29 needed to support the policy. The planning included:
30 0 characterisation of waste streams;
31 0 identification of possibilitiesfor minimisation of and recycling of waste;
32 0 determining the level of compliance with regulatory requirements;
33 0 determining the costs that would be involved (as the final stage of planning).
34
35 The characterisation and analysis of waste streams helped to identify opportunities for improvement. As
36 a result of this analysis, the company decided to recycle the solvents that are used to clean the printing
37 machines and their accessories. Envases Alvher initiated a program to recycle the large volume of dirty
38 solvents generated by its processes.
39
40 This example describes the development of three indicators for EPE for the process of recyclingthe
41 cleaning solvents in the production site identified as Mataderos Plant, one of the three plants of Envases
42 Ter.
43
44 Recyclinqcleaning solvents
45
46 The printing machines contain between 7 and 9 sections, and in each section a particular colour is
47 printed on the film. When a printing job, which can last from a few hours to several days, is finished the
48 various parts of the machine (e.&, printingcylinders, ink pots, pans, pumps, hoses) are cleaned.
49 Solvents are used to remove the inks, and after use these solvents are contaminated by the inks. All the
50 solvents used for cleaning, approximately 19,000 litres per month, is collected after use.
51
ISOnC 2071SC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207lSC 4MIG 3 N22
1 The solvents recycling program has four stages:

2 0 Development of suppliers;
3 0 Design of the operation of the plant;
4 0 Implementationof the recycling plan;
5 0 D6vetopment of records and indicators for EPE.
6
7 The maximum quantity-of solvents that can be recovered and re-used, through a distillation process, is
8 70 percent of the inked (Le., contaminated) solvent.
9
11
12 To evaluate the environmental performance of the solvents recycling operation, three indicators were
13 selected:
14
15 1. Operational performance indicator (OPI):
16 Ratio of the amount of recycled solvent consumed to the total amount of inked solvent generated.
17
18 The purpose of this indicator is to evaluate the utilisation of the recycled solvents in the plant. The
19 value of 0.7 for the indicator is the target, because this means that the maximum volume of recycled
20 solvents that it is possible to obtain in the plant is being consumed.
21
22 FIGURE Fl
23 Ratio of the Amount of Recycled Solvent Consumed
24 to the Total Amount of Inked Solvent Generated
25
26
27
28 0.00
29
30
31 0.70
32
33 0.00
34
35
0.w
36
37
38 0.40
39
40
0.10
41
42
43 0.20
44
45 0.10
46
47
48 0.00
oims o m s 0" 07ms wms iims oimo o m osmo 07mo mmo tiaa otm7 0" a" 07mi wm7 iimi
49
50
51
lSO/TC 207/SC4/WG 3 N22
1
2
3 2. Management performance indicator (MPI):
4 Annual cost savings achieved by recycling solvents.
5 - -
6 The purpose of the MPI is to evaluate the savings achieved through the solvent recycling operation.
7 The annual cost of the deaning operation using only pure (i.e., non-recycled) solvent and disposing
8 of the generated inked solvent by incineration, is compared with the cost of the operation using
9 recycled inked solvent. The table that follows shows the saving achieved in the year 1997 and how
10 the MPI is derived.
11
12 TABLE F1
13 Annual Cost Savings Achieved by Recycling Solvents
14
I I I MPI
Without With (;Annual-
Kecyclinq Recycling Savings) -
Unit - Quantity cost - Quantity ' cost
cost (tires per (US. dollars (Lires per (US. dollars per
years per year) years year)
PUre 0.85 19tLOQQ . "1 - 40,OOQ 34,000
m a
035 --- --- - -1 - 546arr
lncinerafion 0.65 ,228;Ow - -

-
m. . 46;m
Total. . ateaon. ~ 13fi,4Qa uSd4m

__ ~
15
16 3. EnvironmentalCondition Indicator (ECI):
17 Quality of air in the incineration plant's surroundings measured through the concentration in the air of
18 particulate matter (MP in pglm?, and volatile organic compounds (VOC in ppm).
19
20 The puwse of this indicator is to provide a measure of the contribution the recyclingof solvents
21 makes to the improvement of the extemal environment by means of the reduction of emissions of
22 the incineration plant. This fact can also be illustrated usinawe data of the volumes of inked solvent
23 incinerated as it is calculated in the paragraph corresponding to "Using data and information" (see
24 below).
25
26 Interrelationship of indicators
27
28 The three indicators are related one to another, and they represent three w a s of presentingthe results
29 of the recycling operation. A different parameter for evaluating the success of the program is addressed
30 in each case.
31
32 The OPI demonstrates the performance of the organization in the improvement of the use of resources
33 (i.e, the recycled solvent). The MPl demonstrates the financial asped of the operation, and is strongly
34 influenced by variations in the cost of non-recycled solvent, which changes due to factors extemal to the
lSO/TC 2071SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 42
1 organization. The financial aspect of the operation is also influenced by the efficiency of the recycling
2 operation. As the proportion of inked solvent that is recycled increases, the financial yield also improves.
3
4 The ECI is related to the impact of the cleaning-operation on the environment, which is directly related to
5 the QPI, As the ratio of recycled to non-recycled solvent increases, the environmental impact caused by
6 the incineration of inked solvent reduces. It is also directly linked to the MPI as illustrated by the method
7 that is used to calculate the ECI.
8
10
11 The OPI above mentioned, ratio of the amount of recycled solvent consumed to the total amount of
12 inked solvent generated, is calculated monthly. One method for obtaining the data required for the OPI
13 was to measure the consumption of solvent and the generation of inked solvent waste by the cleaning
14 process. This required a system for the manual collection of daily records. The altemative, which proved
15 to be much simpler to implement and which was finally applied, was to collect the data from the
16 documentation (e.g., the remittance and dispatch notes) related to the delivery and disposal of solvents
17 from the factory. The quantities of solvent were then calculated as follows:
18
19 (1) Quantity of recycled solvent consumed: the sum of the volumes stated on delivery (Le,, remittance)
20 notes for the recycled sotvent received from the recycling operator during the month plus the difference
21 between the stock at the beginning and end of the month.
22
23 (2) Quantity of inked solvent generated: the sum of the volumes stated on dispatch notes for the inked
24 solvent sent to the operator during the month plus the difference between the stock at the beginning and
25 end of the month. The sum of the shipments sent coincides with the solvent generated because all the
26 inked solvent is sent to be distilled.
27
28 The reduction of emissions, an OPI of the incineration plant, is calculated annually, and this is related
29 with the improvement in quality of air (ECI). The gaseous emissions produced by the incineration of
30 inked solvents not recycled and distillation waste of the recovery operation are compared to the
31 emissions that would have been produced if there was no recycling program and if all the inked solvents
32 were incinerated. For illustrative purposes, the redudion of gaseous emissions achieved during 1997 is
33 demonstrated using the data on volumes of inked solvent incinerated from the annual cost saving Fable
34 Fl).
35
36 Reduction of emissions in 1997:
37
38
39
40
41 = 68.4 percent
42
44
45 The implementationof an environmental management system and the characterisation of waste streams
46 helped to identify actions that would not only beneffl the environment, but also reduce costs and improve
47 profits. '
48
49 Generally, when a waste minimisation or waste recycling program is implemented, it is associated with
50 an appreciable cost saving which helps to get important support for the program at all levels.
51
ISOmC 207lSC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207/SC 4tWG 3 N22
~lsO-.rr2.14af2.2
PAGE 43
1 The use of indicators for EPE helped Envases Alvher to verify the level to which the program had
2 advanced, and to take the corredie measures necessary to achieve its objectives. The indicators for
3 EPE made it easier for management to monitor the recycling program. The presentation of the
4 indicators for EPE to all personnel in the company also allowed management to show Satisfactory
5 progress of their plans to implement an environmental management system and obtain support for the
6 extension of the programs involved.
7
8
9
10 If you have questions or would like additional information regarding this example, please contact the
11 Argentinean member organization of ISO:
12
13 lnstitutoArgentino de Nomalizacion (IRAM)
14 P e d 556
15 (1 068) Buenos Aires, Argentina
16 Telephone: 54 11 43 45 66 06
17 Fax: 54 11 43 45 66 06
18 E-mail: c?aacias@sfi-i!n;er ccix at
19
lsocILzmtlsr,
lSO/TC 2071SC
PAGE 44
1 EXAMPLE G
2 PETROQUIMICA C W O S.A.I.C., WESTERN ARGENTINA
3 (A chemical processing company, with approximately 230 employees, implementing environmental
4 performance evaluation integrated with its IS0 14001 certified environmental management system)
5 - -
6 Introduction
7
8 Petroquimica Cuyo S.A.1.C. is a private company located in the westem region of Argentina, near the
9 Los Andes mountain range. The total number of employees at Petroquimice Cuyo is approximately 230
10 people.
11
12 Shareholders of Petroquimica Cuyo are Perez Companc S.A., who is responsible for the company
13 management, Panam S.A., and Laboratorios Phoenix S.A.I.C.F.
14
15 The plant produces about 90,000 metric tonnes (_Mnof polypropylene (PPI homopolymers, copolymers
16 and compounds each year. The process indudes six main areas:
17 0 Propylene purification;
18 0 Gas phase polymerization;
19 0 Extnrsion and pelletizing;
20 0 Deodorization, drying and bagging;
21 0 Palletkingand storage;
22 0 Utilities (steam, hydrbgen, nitrogen, cooling water, compressed air and wastewater treatment).
23
24 The production plant is located in a sensitive area where a wide variety of activities co-exist, s u a as oil
25 and gas production and refining, vineyards, fruit and vegetable farming, and mountain tourism. The
26 region is very dry, almost a desert, with a rich valley sewed by a river and artificial irrigation. This is the
27 main reason why local environmental legislation is very stringent and is considered to be among the
28 more advanced in the country. The Petroquimica Cuyo plant is supplied by underground water and all
29 water coming from the wastewater treatment is used for intemal irrigation of a tree plantation.
30
31 The company has been certified as meetingthe requirements of IS0 9001 and IS0 14001, and the
32 management systems are integrated. Petroquimica Cuyo is currently in the process of implementing an
33 Occupational Health & Safety Management System.
34
35 Planning-EPE
36
37 During. EMS implementation, PetroQuimica Cuyo management decided to start planningEnvironmenta1
38 Performance Evaluation (EPE) based on the company's most significant environmental aspects and the
39 views of the interested parties (wch as provincial authorities, the local community, and employees).
40 Environmental performance criteria consistent with the concept of eco-efficiency was set by the top
41 management of the company.
42
43 Selecting-indicators for EPE
44
45 -.indicators --for
?lE .were.usefulto:.
46 monitor the improvements that were being achieved through the implementation and certification of
47 the company's EMS (IS0 14001);
48 0 quantify environmental improvements in terms of money and the associated costlbenefds;
49 take corrective actions as a result of the trends shown by the indicators for EPE.
50
ISOnC 207lSC 4 N295
ISOITC 2071SC 4WG 3 N22
aBAn:IsoTRl
1 The company needed to collect data on a regular basis to provide input for the calculated indicators.
2 Existing data, such as production or accounting records, were used. In other cases,the company had to
3 introduce new measurements as well as new procedures and forms to ensure that the required data were
4 available.
5 - -
6 Following the IS0 14031 process, it was necessary to analyse the collected data and convert them into
7 useful information (indicators) describing the environmental performance of the organization. The data
8 analysis and selected indicators are closely related to the subsequent assessment resulting from the eco-
9 efficiency activities of the company. The selected indicators were also very useful for both intemal and
10 extemal communication.
11
12 Some examples of the more outstanding indicators used by this organization are presented in Tables G l ,
13 G2 and G3 below.
14
15
16 TABLE G l
17 Management WrlWn"ce Indicators (MPls)
18
MPls Unit Approach, Comments or
oMlteasurement tnterest Focus, or - EvoMTon Over me
M o n a i e for Fasf 3'- 4 Years
Selecffon o ftfie MPl
Cost of implementing Includes not only
IS0 14001 certification an IS0 14001 EMS . environmental
certified by a third investments.
Paw.
Savings achieved U.S. dollars per year Costs and financial More benefits than
through EMS benefits. expected.
implementation
. Resolvedand Number Follow up of the No significant changes.
~ unresolved corrective certification process
adions . and periodic reviews
and audii.
. Assessmentofthe . Nosignificant
communityand complaints.
1 authodtyconcems
t I about Petroquimica
. cuyo.
W i n m e n t a l training "wY= - WasucementQf Less than expeded
of intemal personnel management efforts
~ andcontractors andtrainiineeds.
19
20
21
22 I
OPls Unit Approach, Comments or
of Measurement tnterest Fucus, or Evolution Over the
Rawonate for Pasf3 to 4 Years -
Selection of €he OPI
Consumption of diesel Litres per tonne of Cost reduction by A new loading area,
oil polypropylene resource management. with a more rational
isonrc.=
lSO/TC 207/SC
PAGE 44
1 EXAMPLE G
2 PETROQUIMICA CUYO S.A.I.C., WESTERN ARGENTINA
3 (A chemical processing company, with approximately 230 employees, implementing environmental
4 performance evaluation integrated with its IS0 14001 certified environmental management System)
5 --
6 Introduction
7
8 Petroquimica Cuyo S.A.I.C. is a private company located in the westem region of Argentina, near the
9 Los Andes mountain range. The total number of employees at Petroquimica Cuyo is approximately 230
10 people.
11
12 Shareholders of Petroquimica Cuyo are Perez Companc S.A., who is responsible for the company
13 management, Panam S.A.. and Laboratorios Phoenix S.A.I.C.F.
14
15 The plant produces about 90,000 metric tonnes (Mn of polypropylene (PPI homopolymers, copolymers
16 and compounds each year. The process includes six main areas:
17 0 Propylene purification;
18 0 Gas phase polymerization;
19 0 Exttusion and pelletizing;
20 Deodorization, drying and bagging;
21 0 Pelletizingand storage;
22 Utilities (steam, hydrbgen, nitrogen, cooling water, compressed air and wastewater treatment).
23
24 The production plant is located in a sensitive area where a wide variety of activities co-exist, such as oil
25 and gas production and mfining, vineyards, fruit and vegetable farming, and mountain tourism. The
26 region is very dry, almost a desert, with a rich valley served by a river and artificial irrigation. This is the
27 main reason why local environmental legislation is very stringent and is considered to be among the
28 more advanced in the country. The Petroquimica Cuyo plant is supplied by underground water and all
29 water coming from the wastewater treatment is used for intemal irrigation of a tree plantation.
30
31 The company has been certified as meetingthe rquirements of IS0 9001 and IS0 14001, and the
32 management systems are integrated. Petroquimica Cuyo is currently in the process of implementing an
33 Occupational Health & Safety,Management System.
34
35 PlanningEPE
36
37 During EMS implementation,. PetroQuimica Cuyo management decided to start planningEnvironmental
38 Performance Evaluation (EPE) based on the company's most significant environmental aspects and the
39 views of the interested parties @~chas provincial authorities, the local community, and employees).
40 Environmental performance criteria consistent with the concept of em-efficiency was set by the top
41 management of the company.
42
44
45 indicators for E l ? b e k c M a & V .ere.useful to:.
46 0 monitor the improvements that were being achieved through the implementation and certification of
47 the company's EMS (IS0 14001);
40 quantify environmental improvements in terms of money and the associated cost/benefits;
49 0 take corrective actions as a result of the trends shown by the indicators for EPE.
50
lsO/TC 207fSC 4 N295
ISOnC 207fSC W G 3 N22
DBAET Isam1
1 The company needed to collect data on a regular basis to provide input for the calculated indicators.
2 Existing data, such as production or accounting records, were used. In other cases, the company had to
3 introduce new measurements as well as new procedures and forms to ensure that the required data were
4 available.
5 w -
6 Following the IS0 14031 process, it was necessary to analyse the collected data and convert them into
7 useful information (indicators) describing the environmental performance of the organization. The data
0 analysis and selected indicators are closely related to the subsequent assessment resulting from the eco-
9 effkiency activities of the company. The selected indicators were also very useful for both intemal and
10 extemal communication.
11
12 Some examples of the more outstanding indicators used by this organization are presented in Tables G l ,
13 G2 and G3 below.
14
15
16
17
10
MPls Unit Approach, Comments or
-
ofMeasurement lnbereslFocus, or - EvoIutronOverme
-
Rationale for Pasf 3.04 Years
. SelectSon ofthe MPI
Investments for U.S. dollars per year Cost of implementing Includes not only
IS0 14001 certification an IS0 14001 EMS environmental
. ceitiied by a third investments.
I
Party.
Savings achieved U.S. dollars per year Costs and financial More benefits than
through EMS benefe. expected.
implementation I 1
Resolved and Number 1 Follow UD of the No significant changes. I
. unresolved corrective - certification process

~ actions . and periodic reviews
and audits.
. Environmental Number Assessment of the
complaints ._ "munityand complaints.
authodty wncems
about Petroquimica
19
~
of -mal personnel
andcontractors
management efforts
andtcainii needs. I
20
21
22
OPls Unit Approach, Comments or
of Measurement Intenst Fucus, ar Evolution Over the
Rafi'onatefor Pasf3 to 4 Years .
Select-on of €he OPI
Consumption of diesel Litres per tonne of Cost reduction by A new loading area,
. oil polypropylene resource management. with a more rational
PAGE 46
I
OPlS Unit Approach, Comments or
o fWeasuremenf tnterest Focus, or Evotuson Over me
Rationate for Pasf 3fo +Wars
Sekctiion of the OPI
use of it and vehicles,
produced an important
decrease of the diesel-
oil consumption (50%
in 3 years)
Annual consumption of Tonnes per year Management of Control and a program
Chloroflourocarbon hazardous substances for detection of leakage
I R22
which can affect the
condition of the
environment.
resutted in a decrease
in R 22 consumption
(50% in the last 4
vearsl.
Cubic meters Source data for A lack of disposal sites
inventory of hazardous operational control and at the beginning of the
wastes evaluation of plant operation resulted
environmental impact in an increased
through wastes inventory. During the
management. last two years the
adoption of new
technologies (raveme
osmosis) and the safe
disposal of oils allowed
a reduction in the
cumulative inventory of
hazardous wastes
Generation of Cubic meters per year Item inventory Important reduction
. hazardous wastes during last two years.
. Consumption of Tonnes per tanne of ResOUrclcl The o p e " l
undergroundwater Pa~YoraOv~e maww-" changes began in 1995
eqmmky. considering (dry c l e w decrease
thearid characteristics in the number af water
of the regitmwhere purges in extnsian and
littlew a k r is available. in condensate lines,
improvement of filter
system, etCl$)"ed
a sensible decmase in
undergmundwater
consumption.
Evalllnfinnaf efficiency InoaWtaoMah
saVi[LgSby-nernrrJina
t pallets, ais-
to hauegood
. . JngUmI
CO-Onllnntlnn bebareen
the pdypqylene.
pmducerandthf2.
custamer
The ksuhtumofpipes
an&tReimpme"t
DRAFT IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 47
OPlS unit Approach, Comments or

of measurement lnferesf Fecus, or Evotution Over me
Kaaonare for PasfSfo 4 Years
Selectiion ofttie OPI
of existing insulation
t management. produced a decrease in
steam consumption,
thus achieving the
environmental target.
Kilowatt hours per tonne Energy Efficiency. Reduction of 6.5%
of polypropylene
Cubic meters per tonne
I
of polypropylene
TABLE 6 3
Environmental Condition Indictors (ECls)
ECls Unit Approach, Comments or

tnteresf Focus, or EvotutTon Over the ’
RafTonate for Past 3to 4 Yiirs

Selection ofthe ECI
. Tree plantation area Hectare Evaluate the There was no imgated
. inigatedwith relationship between area in 1994. At
wastewater . the management of the present the area
ISOflC 207/SC4 N295
lSO/TC 207/SC4MIG 3 N22
DRAIT IS0 TR 14032.2
PAGE 48
1
ECls Unit Approach, Comments or
Interest Focus, or Evolution Over the
Rationale for Past 3 to 4 Years
Selection of the ECI
- - organization and the involves more than 9
condition of the hectares.
environment.
Soil conductivity DeCi-siemen per metre Evaluate the No significant changes.
environmental
condition of the
irrigated area
(wastewater).
Water table depth Met= Evaluatethe No significant changes.
availability of
undergroundwater.
Groundwater quality Parts per million Evaluate relationship No Significant changes
between operations
and specific
contaminants in
groundwater.
1
2 Reviewingand improvinaEPE
3
4 After reviewingits EPE,the management of the company considered the selected indicators valuable
5 because they provided useful infomation for management's review related to:
6 0 conditions in particular areas and localisation of problems;
7 0 the points of view of interested parties;
8 0 the necessity of intemal and extemal communication;
9 0 costs and financial beneftts.
10
12
13 The experience of conducting EPE integrated with the company's EMS was very successful because of
14 the high standard of control achieved by assessing the company's environmental performance against
15 set criteria.
16
17
18
19 If you have questions or would like additional information regarding this example, please contact the
20 Argentinean member organization of ISO:
21
22 lnstituto Argentino de Normalizacion (IRAM)
23 Per6 556
24 (1 068) Buenos Aires, Argentina
25 Telephone: 54 11 43 45 66 06
- 2 6 Fax: 54 11 43456606
27 E-mait: eaadas@sminter corn a i
28
PAGE 49
1 EXAMPLE H
2 IMMENSTADT CLINIC, ALLGAU REGION, SOUTHERN GERMANY
3 [A 180 bed hospital, with approximately 260 employees, implementing environmental performance
4 evaluation in a service organization using a company eco-balance (an inputloutput scheme for mass and
5 energy) approach]
6
7 Introduction
8
9 lmmenstadt Clinic, in the AIkau region of southem Germany, is one of four hospitals that form the non-
10 profd organization OberallgHu Clinics, Ltd. The clinic has a capacity of 180 patients with surgical,
VI -internal organ specialist, and anaesthesia departments. There are also several in-patient departments
12 such as ear, nose and throat, ophthalmology, gynaecology and maternity. The dinic has 260 employees
13 and manages an annual budget of $14 million (US. dollars1 for approximately 52,000 nUrshQdayS.
14 Environmental protection initiatives were canSed out occasionally until 1996. There was no overall
1s organization of such initiatives, nor were they part of the regular management of the hospital, and no
16 environmental management system camprying with either the European Eco-Management and Audit
17 Scheme (EMAS)or IS0 14001 had been introduced.
18
19 The lmmenstadt Clinic is located in a m i o n in which the natural environment is important for tourism,
20 and some areas are categorised as "climatic health resorts".
2.l
22 Planning EPE
23
24 The pilot project titled "Environment-Oriented and Cost Saving Clinic Management" was started in mid-
25 1996. The aims of the project were to determine the environmental status, to set up an environmental
26 management system, and to i d e n t i and take advantage of potential opportunities to conserve resources
27 and reduce costs. The annual amounts of inputs and outputs of material and energy formed the basis for
28 planning EPE.
29
30 The significant environmental aspects, identified in 1996 as part of an initial environmental review, were
31 as follows:
32 0 A considerable amount of energy is consumed for heating (primarily use of heating oil, with some
33 heating also provided by a district biomass heating power station) and for electricity required for the
34 operation of medical equipment and system.
3s 4considerable amount of recydable material was found in the non-recyclable waste. Large amounts
36 of infectious waste have to be disinfected, through treatment in a steam sterilisation process, before
37 disposal.
38 0 The clinic's annual water consumption is considerably higher than that of an average German
39 industrial company with a comparable number of employees. Wastewater with some infectious
40 content, is sterilised in practice by the use of disinfectants at all stages in the medical service
41 prOCeSS.
42 0 The use of materials with some eco-toxic content (e.& medical auxiliary and operating materials
43 such as medication, disinfectants, and various other hazardous substances) is normally high in a
44 hospital.
45
46 Important interested parties were informed of the environmental project and also included in the
47 identification of environmental aspects as part of a patient and employee survey. In addition, the
48 following responsible authorities were also included in the project:
49 the head of the Oberallgau district administrative office who commissionedthe pilot project;
so the district assembly with its elected members (e.g., a hospital committee including the mayor and a
51 few councillors from Immenstadt).
ISOTTC 2071SC 4MlG 3 N22
PAGE 50
1
2 Selecting-indicators for EPE
3
4 The environmental performance evaluation at the clinic was based on the significant environmental
5 aspeds identified in the initial environmental review (Le., consumption of energy and water, use of
6 medical auxiliary. and operating_materials,volume of waste).
7
8 Operational prformance indicators (OPls)
9
10 The data to support EPE was obtained through a company eco-balance (an inpitloutput scheme for
11 mass and energy) study of the lmmenstadt Clinic. This eco-balance study pmided data to establish the
12 environmental base-line for the clinic on the amounts of inputs and outputs of energy and material, as a
13 basis for statistical comparisons with later years, and also for evaluation of the clinic's "continual
14 improvement process".
15
16 Company Eco-Balance Studies
I? A =company eco-balance sfudy'is an infemar annuar rewording of all incoming OnpUtT -
?8 and afl outgoing (outpw matenar and energy streams o f the company. lnput streams .
.yg indude raw materials, physical pranf and equipmenf, wafer and energy. (Sutpuf streams
20 . include waster water, air emissions, prodiucfs and wasfes after produUTon. These -
ZT environmental data are systemafiicafly recorded fir fhe entin company year affer year -
22 and are the basic data supporfing indicators for EPE 4
23
24
25
26
27 TABLE H1
28 Inputs and Outputs Chosen for the Eco-Balance Study
29
Inputs outputs
Amounf of fnedTcar auxiliary maferiars used Nursing days provided
' Amount of operating materials used Amount of waste generated
Amount of energy used 1 Amount of energy emitted
Amount of water used I Amount of wastewater discharged
1 Amount of compressed air or oxygen used I Amount of waste air or oxygen emitted I
30
31 In addition, the 20 largest blocks of flows and costs from the eco-balance study. were ranked in
32 descending order. This supported the identification of items for which the development of saving
33 measures would appear to be particularlyeffective.
34
35 OPls based on parameters compared to tumover or production take fluctuations in the tumover or
36 production quantities of a company into account when evaluating performance. The medical service
37 sector has introduced "nursing days" or the "planned number of beds" as a measurement of tumover,
38 and this measure is used in the lmmenstadt Clinic. Based on the significant environmental aspects
39 identified, the following OPls comparingvarious parameters with tumover were selected:
40 Energy efficiency indicator: Consumption of heating energy and electricity per planned bed or
41 nursingday;
42 0 Water efficiency indicator: Water consumption per planned bed or nursing day;
43 Waste indicators:
44 - Volume of waste per bed or waste quota per nursing day;
ISCtfSC3n7lsr-4
ISOlrC 2071SC 4iWG
PAGE 51
1 - Recycling quota (volume of recyclable materials in relation to total waste volume).

2
3 The environmental performance criteria of the organization (jmmenstadt Clinic) is annual improvement
4 in the value of the selected OPls. The Clinic also plans to compare the following OPls with other
5 hospitalsof a similar size:
6 Amount of medical oxygen used per nursing day or per planned bed;
7 Amount of gas emissions (e.@, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide) p r nursingday_or
8 per planned bed;
9 Amount of energy consumed per nursing day or per planned bed. In the future, the average
10 temperature of each calendar day in the region would be considered in relation to this indicator. This
11 would allow for consideration of the influence of extremely cold or extremely. mild winters on energy
12 consumption.
13
14 Management performance indicators (MPls)
15
16 The following MPls were selected:
17 0 Number of measures implemented from the agreed 2-year resource and cost savings programme;
18 0 Cost savings w l i i by the reduced use of resoutces, recycling of waste and the prevention of
19 environmental pollution;
20 0 Extent of compliance with applicable regulations.
21
22 Two management objedies, the achievement of which would also be indicative of management
23 performance, were also set.
24 0 Creation of an environmental management system complying with EMAS with successful
25 certification;
26 0 Publication of an environmental statement.
27
28 Environmental condition indicators (ECls)
29
30 The following ECls were selected in co-operation with the regional authorities, taking into account in the
31 environmental management of the lmmenstadt Clinic:
32 0 Amount of heat emitted into the groundwater and/or the change of temperature caused by this
33 emission;
34 Concentration of gas emissions (e.g., carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide) in the air in the
35 vicinity of the lmmenstadt Clinic. This aspect is particularly significant in the area; some locations
36 are categorised as "climatic health resorts" and tourism is important in the region.
37
39
40 First, data was collected for the year 1995 through the eco-balance study. The most important data
41 soums were the financial records with the 1995 annual balance, bills from suppliers, and receipts for
42 waste disposal from the purchasing department.
43
44 The data analysis showed that the quantities of materials and energy were recorded in different physical
45 units (e.g., for energy consumption, use of heating oil was measured in litres, use of electricity was
46 measured in kilowatt hours). This led to converting the amounts into uniform physical units (e.g.,
47 converting litres of heating oil into kilowatt hours of energy) and assigning them to the appropriate life
48 cycle assessment input (e.g., total energy consumed). To guarantee comparability of data for the
49 following years, procedural guidelines for the collection, conversion and accounting of data were
50 documented.
51
lSO/TC 207/SC 4MIO 3 N22
PAGE 52
1 The embalance study established the following picture of the environmental base line for the
2 lrmnenstadtclinicin1995:
3 Total energy consumption -approximately 5 million kilowatt hours;
4 -
Total water consumption 28,600 cubic metres;
5 0 -
Total Volume of non-recyclablewaste 458 cubic metres;
6 Medical auxiliary materials and operating materials - After analysing the data, potential
7 opportunities for saving resources of specific and particularly cost-intensive auxiliary materials were
8 identified and realised (e.g., medical oxygen).
9
10 In addition, a benchmarking exercise with a hospital of similar size was conducted usingthe available
11 indicators related to tumover. Resub showed that lmmenstadt Clinic uses water and energy resources
12 more efficiently than other hospitals of similar size.
13
14 Reportingand communicating
15
16 The results of the environmental performance evaluation were communicated intemally to the hospital
17 management and to the environmental work groups. Medical and administrative staff were particularly
18 impressed by the indicators that showed potential opportunities for resource and cost savings. As a
19 result, 4 work groups developed 260 environmental measures to be implemented as part of a 2-year
20 programme.
21
22 To communicate the environmental performance evaluation process of the lmmenstadt Clinic to extemal
23 interested parties, detailed reports were made available to the responsible authorities and articles were
24 published in the local daily newspaper. An environmental statement and report is planned after
25 successful certification to IS0 14001 or EMAS.
26
28
29 The collection of data involved a considerable amount of work; however, the method used and the
30 guidelines for collecting data should make future data collection easier.
31
32 The employees involved have initiated measures using the identified indicators which have led to
33 resource savings and the reduction of wastes. As a result, an annual savings of $25,000 (U.S. dollars)
34- hasbeenry.
35
37
38 EPE (especially in combination with the initial environmental review) provided the lmmenstadt Clinic with
39 an effective and efficient introduction to environmental management. At the same time the foundation
40 was laid for the creation of an environmental management system according to IS0 14001 and/or
41 EMAS.
42
43 EPE has proven to be a successful tool for environmental management in hospitals.
44
45
46 If you have questions or would like additional information regarding-this example, please contact the
48
49 Deutsches lnstitut fur Nomung (DIN)
50 Burggrafenstrasse 6
51 0-10787 Berlin Germany
1 S W C 2071sC 4 N295
lSO/TC 2071sC W G 3 N22
DBATrIsemtq2
PAGE 53
1 Telephone: 49 30 26 010
2 Fax: 49 30 26 01 12 31
3 E-mail: postmaster@!din.de
4
--
lSO!TC 2071sC 4 N G 3 N22
PAGE 54
1 ?%AMPLE I
2 YPF LUJAN DE CUYO REFINERY, CENTRAL WESTERN ARGENTINA
3 (A multinational oil company’s refinery, employing approximately 570 people, implementing
4 environmental performance evaluation integrated with its IS0 14001 certified environmental
5 management system)
6
7 Introduction
8
9 WF LujAn de Cuyo Refinery is a business unit of a multinational oil company based in Argentina, with
10 several operations and sites in Los Andes county of Argentina, the United States of America, and
11 elsewhem. It was established in 1940 in the central westem area of Argentina, near the 10s Andes
12 mountains, an inland semi-deserted area. It is a private company with 20% of the shares owned by the
13 gowmment. It is a typical oil refinery complex, processing 20,000 cubic meters of crude oil each day,
14 producing liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, turbine fuel (JPl), gas oil, kerosene, fuel oil, lubricant base
15 oil, coke, carbon dioxide (food grade), and propylene and virgin naphtha for petrochemical use. The
16 total number of employees at this location is 568.
17
18 The Refinery uses water from a nearby river for its processes and retums some of this water to the river
19 downstratam, after a tmatment process that includes poob constructed to American Petroleum Institute
20 (API) standards, biological treatment and aerated lagoons.
21
22 The Refinery Unit implemented an environmental management system conformingto IS0 14001 during
23 1997. Throughout the process, the top management perceived the need to further improve the
24 environmental management system by developing a set of indicators to evaluate the results of
25 technological changes, initiatives, legal compliance and overall environmental performance.
26
27 The scope of the environmental performance evaluation (EPE) was the entire Refinery operation; the
28 focus was on developing a managerial decision-making tool and a reliable source of environmental data
29 to incorporate into intemal and extemal voluntary environmental performance evaluation reports.
30
31 Planning EPE
32
33 The significant environmental aspects of refinery operation include as a minimum: resources (e.g., crude
34 oil utilisation, cooling water consumption), emissions to air (e.g., sulphur compounds, carbon dioxide,
35 nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and various leaks), emissions of substances in wastewater
36 (e.g., oil, phenols, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds, and acidity) and
37 liquid and solid toxic wastes. These aspects were identified during the process of implementing an EMS
38 according to IS0 14001.
39
40 Conceminqthis particular case, it is important to mention that the Refinery,was built at the base of the
41 mountains, close to a river which supplies water to the main cities and agricultural crops (e.g., grapes,
42 olives and other fruits) in the river valley. The areas not served by artificial inigation are desert, It is a
43 typical mountain dry inland oasis. The principal source of water is the river. Groundwater is a secondary
44 source. but wells have to be drilled very deep and are expensive. This is why some of the relevant
45 environmental condition indicators that are show in tables below are related with this issue.
46
47 Another important issue in the planning of the EPE was that, compared to the rest of the country, the
48 province has well developed environmental legislation. Interested parties are sensitive to air pollution
49 and water contamination. Upstream oil activities are perceived by the community and the media as the
50 cause of surface degradation, poor groundwater quality and desertification.
51
PAGE 55
1 The above mentioned critical problems plus the proactive role that YPF ptays in the local community
2 justifies the technical and social indicators mentioned in Table 13.
3
4 The environmental criteria of the YPF Luian de Cuyo Refinery are expressed in the organization's
5 Envimmental Policy. Examples of the criteria particularly linked to the use of indicators include
6 commitmentsto:
7 Continuous improvement of the environmental performance.
8 Allocate with priority financial resources in orrfer to ensure the preservation of the environment.
9 0 Minimis waste generation and environmental impacts resulting-fromoil refining.
10
11 This production site usually employs indicators to measure operational performance, and economic and
12 financial results. Therefore, the development and use of EPE was a natural extension of common
13 practice in other areas of the company. The potential use of environmental benchmatking was also
14 appreciated. IS0 14031 was chosen as the guiding document.
15
16 Soon after the company obtained its IS0 14001 certification, the management supported the
17 implementation of EPE fully integrated into the EMS. A group of 10 people, experienced in the IS0
18 14001 implementation process, formed the EPE task force, which was co-ordinated by the Management
19 Representative, with the assistance of an extemal consultant. Two officials from the company's
20 accounting department also joined the team.
21
22 As all environmental aspects and impacts had been identified and evaluated according to IS0 14001, a
23 plant wide data base was generated with over 2,500 inputs. Appmximately 200 were noted as potential
24 operational performance indicators (OPls) or management performance indicators (MPls), 85 of which
25 are used. Only some examples of these indicators are shown in the tables below.
26
28
29 A set of indicators directly linked to environmental costs was developed based on Guidelines provided by
30 the Austrian Federal Ministry for the Environment, Youth and the Family (Bundesministerium fur Umwelt,
31 -
Jugend und Familie BMUJQ in the manual tiled Development of a Methodical Approach fur Deriving
32 Environmental Costs t b m the Enteryise Accounting System (EntW'cMung Eines Metbodischen Ansatzes
33 Zur Ableitung yon UmwemCosten Aus Dem Bebieblichen Rechnungswesen), developed by the tnstitut fur
34 C)kologische Wirtschaftsforschung (low), Arge Mulkrermeidung Graz and the lnstiiut fur
35 Verfahrenstechnik Graz; published in June 1997 by the BMUJF, Vienna, Austria.
36
37 Consideration of these guidelines and documents helped in some cases to integrate several aspcts and
38 impacts into a comprehensive, more meaningful indicator. In addition, this process also resulted in some
39 very interesting management performance indicators (MPls).
40
41 Evaluation and selection environmental conditions indicators (ECls) was a difficult task, and the following
42 were useful for the selection of ECls:
43 0 previous knowledge on the area;
44 0 relationships and consunation with academic units, research institutes and govemmental agencies
45 0 the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development publication on environmental
46 performance reviews A pracfcal / " f i o n , published as OCDE/GD(97)35;
47 0 the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development publication lndicafors of Sustainable
48 -
Development Framework and Methodologies (Published August 1998).
49
50 In general, the criteria for selection of indicators were established according to the guidelines in IS0
51 14031 and documented in a procedure in the company's environmental management system manual.
lSO/TC 207BC 4 N295
ISOlTC 207TsC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 56
TABLE I1
Examples of Management Performance Indicators (MPls)
(Incomplete List)
MPI I Comments
Man-burs for environmentattraining as a IEilvironmentatcommitment
m n f a g e ofme tofallraining man-hours
'Annual budget for environmental are as a -Environmentalcommitment
percentage of the total annual budget
Number of environmental initiatives for the local
t mmmunitv _- m
---_-_r_-.- --r vear
I
IUnderstanding- the views of interested parties
t
II
Man-ttours per year for emergency simulations {Emergency responSI3 -pa redness
Total annual man-hours in environmentaltraining I Environmentalcommitment
- 1 -1
Annual expenses in environmental remediation This is related to reduction / prevention of pollution
Annual expenses in tank maintenance / repair This is related to reduction / prevention of soli
contamination and underground water quality
8
9 TABLE I2
10 Examples of Operational Performance Indicators (OPls)
11 (IncompleteList)
12
OPI I Comments
Rironraff hours per lUUU cubic metres o f oit -
Benchma& TiCafor Elecfricat efTR-ciency -
IGtotmt greenhouse effect prevention
L
lie in cubic metres per cubic metre of oil 1
L
Intake water efficiency- (not
. valid as an stand-akne
indiator)
-
'Equivalent low pressure steam in metric tones per Benchmark indicator Steam and energy
'cubic metre of oil processed ' consumption
prevention
-Global greenhouse effed
The relation between the mass of crude oil and the Conversion efficiency
sum of masses of rmdu& with commercial value 1
produced during the same period of time
Cubic metres of effluent water per cubic metre of A measure of the re-use of water
oil processed
,Waste generation (by type) per month .Waste minimisation
,Annual consumption of potentially =Environmentalrisk potential
hazardous products 1
Total stnckaf shlamflourocarbans.au*
lSOKC 207lSC 4 N295
ISOKC 207SC W G 3 N22
DRAFT IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 57
I
t OPI Comments
Istatus of f a c i e s /equipment 1
TABLE IS
Examples of Environmental Condition Indicators
[Incomplete List)
ECls Comments
Hydrocarbon content in groundwafer -
-IoTeasumdaf selected sites in the region retated
-foredudRon/'prevention of soitconfaminatbn and
1undelgroundwafer quality
..
SuiDfiur dioxide in air (mm
* at 6 locations in the t Benchmaricindiiior related to tfie sulphur content
-
in crucie oil ~ l o b acidimtion
a~ effeh prevention
'Forested/park area as a percentage of the total site Understanding the views of interested parties
area
Produdiity by hectare -
'Agriculturalactivities River valley
Head count index on poverty Regional
Unemployment rate .Regional
,Population attendingschool (three levels) Regional
8
9 Analysing and convetting data
10
11 The areas responsible for collecting the data are required to calculate those indicators that result from
12 multiple inputs of data or that involve rather complex calculation. In each case where there is potentially
13 conflicting or unclear conclusions resulting from a specific indicator, the indicator is so noted, and any
14 measurement uncertainties. and the frequency of data collection and reporting are also noted.
15
17
18 YPF Lujan de Cuyo Refineqconsidersthat indicators are a valuable tool in decision taking. However
19 they rarely have significance by themselves and a great care should be taken to define their significance
20 and limitations. Appropriate explanatory text should be prwided when evaluating and reportiqon
21 indicators. Comparability between units is an important issue when corporation-wide benchmarking is
22
23 lotended-
24 W F Luian de Cuyo Refinery's experience showed that the selection of indicators by a multidisciplinary
25 team is a very productive approach. In addition, the inclusion of environmental cost factors when
26 selecting indicators was very helpful for the organization.
27
28 The fact that this refinery was workingon the implementation of an environmental management system
29 based on IS0 14001 was very useful and simplified many tasks.
30.
,
lSO/TC 207lSC 4 NZ95
lSO/TC 207JSC W G 3 N22
PAGE 58
1 Finally, the organization believes that certain tools, and previous experience on other internationally
2 agreed procedures for environmental performance for the regional or national level can be used with
3 care, together with the guidance in is0 14031, when seleding indicators for EPE.
4
e -
5
6
7 lf you have questions or would like additional information regarding this example, please contad the
8 Argentinean member organization of EO:
9
10 lnstituto Amentino de Normalizacion (IRAM)
11 Ped 556
12 [lOSS) Buenos Aires, Amentlna
13 Telephone: 54 11 43 45 66 06
14 Fax: 54 11 43456606
15 E-mati: eaades@sminier.corn .ar
16
17
ISOKC 2071SC 4 N295
PAGE 59
1 EXAMPLE J
2 HlPP COMPANY, PFAFFENHOFENALM, SOUTHERN GERMANY
3 (A food processing company, with approximately 750 employees, and with an environmental
4 management system certified to IS0 14001 and EMAS, getting started on environmental performance
5 evaluafioK)
6
7 Introduction
a
9 Hipp, a medium-sized family business situated in Pfaffenhofenlllm, Southem Germany, was founded in
10 1932. The company has subsidiaries in Austria (Gmunden), Switzerland (AG, -Sachseln) and Hungary
11 (Janossomoja). Approximately 750 employees are currently employed at the Pfaffenhofen site. In 1997
12 the company had a tumover of approximately 330 million Deutsche Mads.
13
14 The most important areas of business in Pfaffenhofen are the production and sales of baby food. A total
15 of 106 different artides are manufactured, the most important being baby food in jars, milk semi-solid
16 food, fntii juices and powdered milk. The customer structure is made up of retail grocers, drugstore
17 markets, pharmacies and drugstores. In addition to Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the products are
18 sold in France, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic,
19 Slovakia, CIS (Russia).
20
21 The company's success is founded on the philosophy of constantly producing top quality in harmony with
22 nature. Top priority is given to the heatth of children and the confidence of mothers in the products.
23 Approximately ten per cent of the employees work in the area of quality control. Hipp currently buys a
24 large amount of its raw materiafs from well known associations and amalgamations of organic farmers,
25 and receives supplies from approximately 1,000 organic farmers.
26
27 In co-operationwith Dr. Hans Muller (1891 to 1988), the founder of organic biological farming, fruit, grain
28 and vegetables were farmed organically and processed in Switzerland as early as 1956. Hipp uses
29 approximately 300 different m materials, which are examined, washed, chopped if necessary, cooked
30 and mixed during preparation. After bottling, the products are sterilised, labelled, packed and distributed.
31
32 Hipp has had an environmental management system conforming- to the European Union's Eco-
33 Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) since 1995. Certification to IS0 14001 followed in 1997. The
34 company has written and published environmental statements and reports since 1995.
35
36 Hipp operates four wells at the Pfaffenhofen site, drawingwater from a depth of 21 to 70 metres. The
37 water quality is far above that required by the drinking water regulations. The most productive well is
38 officially recognised as mineral water.
39
40 Hipp's main energy,source is natural gas, used together with heatingoil in both boiler houses to generate
41 processing steam. In 1999 Hipp plans to conned to a biomass heating power station. The main share of
42 energy used will then be generated from sustainable raw materials (wood chippings).
43
44 The most important source of emissions of harmful substances into the air is the combustion of natural
45 gas and heating oil in the boiler houses. The amount of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emitted has
46 been reduced during the last few years by substiiutingheatingoil with natural gas.
47
48 Most of the wastewater flows into the purification plant. Prior to this, organic particles larger than 2
49 millimetres are separated by mechanical pre-treatment of the wastewater. Clean cooling water and
50 rainwater from the roof run-off are discharged into the River Ilm.
51
IsoLLcIuuLs(3.
ISOmC 207BC
PAGE 60
1 97% of the waste materials are recycled. The majority of waste consists of plant material, which is used
2 to feed cattle or as agricultural fertiliser. Waste meat is used as feed in a special fattening company.
3
4 Recyclable materials such as glass, paper, plastics, metals and wood are retumed directly to the
5 recyclmgcycle.
6
7 Planning EPE
8
9 Hipp has set itse4f ambitiius environmental obiedhres based on the company's environmental
10 guidelines. The organic share of products, for example, should be constantly raised and the share of
11 resources which can be regenerated should be extended. The purchase of natural organic pmduds,
12 almost free of harmful substances, does not take place d i m l y under consideration of environmental
13 condition indicators. Howvet, an indirect seledion of farming areas according. to their envimnmental
14 condition takes place in that the biological raw materials must fulfil not only the guidelines of the Bioland
15 Association, but also those of Him, which supplement the Bioland guidelines. The Hipp organic farming
16 begins with an examination of the fields to be farmed to deted harmful substances in the Soil. The
17 results of the examinations have to meet Hipp's strict standards, before a contract is s a n d for the use
18 of the fieid for Hipp organic farming. The quality of the environmental condition of the farming land is
19 also quarantecrd by, for example, settingminimum distances to roads with heavy traffic volumes and
20 other s o u m of hazardous substances.
21
22 Extensive controls of incoming raw materials prevent their use when, despite the use of organic farming
23 methods, an environmental condition in a farming a m leads to unacceptable levels of harmful
24 substances in the produce.
25
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34 Company Eco-Balance Studies
3s ' A =company eco-balance sfudris an intemal annual recording of an incoming ( m m .
36 and an outgoing (output') mafen'al and energy sfmams o f fhe company. rnpuf sfreams
3? - include raw materials, physicarNan€and equipmenf, water and energy. Oufpuf-stmams
38 ~ indude waster water, air emisSrons, prodlrcfs and wastes after produdion. These .
3s - environmental data are sysfemafically recorded for the entire company year affer year
40 and are the basic data supporting iM~caforsfor EFE
\
41
42 The Hipp Company's environmental aspects, environmental performance criteria and management
43 performance indicators (MPls) am provided in Table J1. Hipp's indicators for EPE and their related
44 environmental targ.ets are presented in Table J2. In addition to the environmental aspects shown in
45 Table J1, the OPls in Table 52 are linked to the use of water and energy, emissions resulting from
46 energy produced on-site, and the generation of waste.
47
PAGE 61
TABLE J l
Hipp Company Environmental Aspects, Environmental Performance Criteria,
and Management Performance Indicators (MPls)
Eniiironmental Aspect Environmental Performance MPI(s) I

CriferionEiiteria
Use o f resources Conserve and reduce the Amount of operating
(Use of water is an important use of resources; material in kilograms;
environmental'asped for Hipp) 0 Redu~~~sts Cost of operating material
per tonne of production;
Amount of packaging in
kilograms;
, Cost of packaging per tonne
of production;
, Use of water in cubic
metres;
.a Cost of water pfs
tonne of production
L Pfoducetopqudky-p.- 0 Percentageof total
inmywith- productimusiag-cugaWaM ..
* krsFeaseulsorrgaRicsbaf8 . farmed raw.-
Qf#Ww&.-, 0 Percentafteoimbefal-ucatgF -
* j w q t - in the tdaCamwMd
w I drinking watww;e8-
OPI 1995 1996 1997 Targets for

l99&
Percenfage of organic share 69.7 68.2 73.3 75
Operating materials in kilograms . 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.3
p e r tonne of product
Cleaning agents in kilograms per 2.5 2 1.95 1.9
tonne of product
Water in cubic metres per tonne 13.3 12.1 10.6 10
of produd A
Packaging in kilograms per tonne - 615.4 570.1 564.2 560

of product
Energy in kilowatt hours per 1151 1137 % 1085 1060
tonne of product
Carbon dioxide in kilograms per I
tonne of product
I
241
I,
235
I
205
I
200 I
Sulphur dioxidein Grammiespx . 262 173 132 12[1
toLKleof pmduca
" g e n oxidesin Grammispec . 349 234 222 225.
tonne of produd
-atec bcubicmetres p e ~. 1-5.3 10.5 .. 8.9 8.5
lsoLc-
ISOKC 207SC
PAGE 62
1
2 Water consumption is an important environmental aspect for Hipp. The Hipp Company uses raw water
3 supplied via a separate circulation system for the company's cooling system, and it uses drinking water
4 (Le., quality mineral water or tap water) for food produdion.
5
6 Processing agricultural raw materials requires a large amount of water, in particular for washing fresh
' 7 vegetables and sterilising the products. High quality drinking water is mostly used for this purpose. This
8 drinking water is sepawed from the surface water by various layers of soil, so that human influences
9 such as the application of fertilirs to farmland, are not detectable. This makes this drinking water a
10 valuable resource, which should be used very sparingly to presetve the resetves for many years to
11 come. Hipp's water consumption decreased in the last six years from 835,100 cubic metres to 462,860
12 cubic metres, i.e. by 45%. The water consumption per tonne of product decreased from 17.6 cubic
13 metres to 10.6 cubic metres. Water savings of 100,OOO cubic metres have been made by optimising
14 dmtation of the cooling water for sterilisation.
15
16 In addition, the vegetable preparation process has been rearranged. Flooding systems have been
17 replaced by other transport methods. The water used for washing carrots is reused several times. The
18 use of water intensive pre-cookers is being increasingly replaced by the use of the steam thawing
19 machinery. Floors are being cleaned by high pressure cleaners, which achieve a better cleaning effect
20 while simultaneously saving water.
21
22 Water-saving measures have also been implemented in areas outside the production process. For
23 example water taps have been equipped with devices for mixing water with air to reduce the amount of
24 water used. An annual saving of 1,500 cubic metres has been achieved by reducing the amount of water
25 in toilet cisterns. These measures are documented in the annual environmental programme with
26 responsibilitiesand deadlines, so they can be continually checked and updated.
27
28 The company's efforts to reduce water consumption are reflected in the wastewater situation. The
29 amount of wastewater pmduced fwe years ago was 774,000 cubic metres; this has decreased by
30 appmximately 50% to 387,500 cubic metres last year. At the same time discharges to the municipal
31 sewer wow decreased fmm 511,OOO cubic metres to 244,000 cubic metres. Hipp's water pollution was
32 also reduced from 48,000 corespondent values per inhabitant to 20,000 correspondent values per
33 inhabitant, a reduction of over 50%. (A correspondent value per inhabnant is equivalent to the daily
34 amount of wastewater produced by the average pelson). Tnis has relieved the strain on the purification
35 plant and reduced the extent of planned expansion on the plant.
36
37 Due to the organic waste in the water and the relatively hiah temperature c25 degrees Celsius1 Hip 's
38 wastewater is suited to the cleaning performance of the purification plant, in particular for the biologii l1
39 purifying phase. This becomes evident during- lenmy breaks in produdion, e.g. duringconsttuction
40 work, in which the cleaning performance of the purification plant decreases. An earlier problem with the
41 purification plant's handling of larger particles in Hipe's wastewater has been solved by introducing
42 mechanical pre-treatment at the site.
43
44
IsoLIc2az~
ISOnC 2071SC 41wG
PAGE 63
1
3
4 Data is collected annually for the company eco-baiance study. Water consumption can be measured
5 precisely with water metres on wells and municipal water connections. Water consumption and
6 wastewater amounts are additionally measured for the main production procsses (e.g., the cleaning of
7 the cooking equipment, floors and machines, the cooling, the washing of raw goods, the sterilisation and
8 the bottling). The main defidts can thus be identified and improved by environmental measures.
9
10 Hipp conducts active environmental cost-management, limited to the most relevant cost blocks. An
11 inputloutput-procbalance documents consumption. After analysing and evaluating the values,
12 objectives and measures are formulated, which lead to the reduction of environmental impacts and also
13 to cost savings. Compared to 1992, annual savings of approximately 300,000 Deutsche Marks have
14 been achieved by reducing water consumption and the volume of wastewater. Thus in the last few years
15 the environmental costs fell from 82 Deutsche Marks per tonne of product to 69.50 Deutsche Marks per
16 tonne of product.
17
19
20 The annual environmental report contains not only the absolute values of the environmental aspects in
21 the life cycle assessment, but also the indicators regarding the production unit. In addition, the planned
22 values of the environmental indicators are stated for the coming year. The environmental report is
23 distributed to employees, consumers, large customers, suppliers, universities, authorities, hospitals and
24 others. An answer-coupon is included in the environmental report to obtain as much extemal feedback
25 as possible. Approximately 50 to 60 replies are received annually, consisting of very positive feedback,
26 and sometimes interesting suggestions, which are then evaluated intemally. Three thousand copies of
27 the environmental report are published annually, and publication via the Intemet is currently being
28 prepared.
29
31
32 Indicators for EPE am an important insttument for Hipp for assessing the environmental impacts of the
33 last few years. The prerequisite for the continual improvement of the environmental situation at Hipp is
34 the nomination of objectives and measures with the help of the indicators, after intensive intemal
35 discussions with the persons involved. In this manner it is possible to check if measures implemented
36 have actually achieved the planned savings. An intemai report to the management (Management
37 Review) informs management on the development of indicators and the extent to which objectives have
38 been achieved. Together with management, causes are then analysed and possible solutions are
39 planned. The indicator system is improved and extended upon when potentials for improvements are
40 identified.
41
42 Annex to the Example J
43 EnvironmentalGuidelines of the Hipp Company
44
45 We feel responsible for protecting the environment. Our corporate environmental protection goes
46 beyond legal requirements to do justice to this responsibility. The environmental guidelines are the basis
47 for the continual improvement of Hipp's corporate environmental protection and are part of the
48 company's corporate policy. The implementation of these guidelines is a obligatory part of the
49 management%responsibility and is guaranteed by a practicable environmental management system. To
50 us, this is now and in the future an essential prerequisite for the production of healthy foodstuff.
51
DRAFT IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 64
1 1. The use of environmentally-friendly technologies enables us to minimise harmful effects on the

2 environment as far as is possible.
3 2. The interaction between the Hipp Company and the environment is constantly monitored,
4 documented and analysed. Possible improvements are to be realised with the most appropriate
5 teChrTblogies, taking, however, economic aspects also into consideration.
6 3. The negative effects on the environment caused by new activities, products and processes should be
7 kept to a minimum, and are therefore always assessed in advance.
8 4. We aim to save resources. Recyclable resources are to be used in favour of limited resources.
9 5. As the world's largest processor of organic raw mated&, we are particularly committed to constantly
10 raising the organic share of our products.
11 6. Packaging planning is subject to a minimisation principle. The quantity of packaging materials used
12 should be kept to a minimum. This is achieved by using a maximum amount of secondary raw
13 materials and recyclable packaging. We support packagingaltematives, such as recycling systems.
14 7. We believe that effective corporate environmental pmtection can only be achieved with the active
15 participation of all employees. We aim to encourage their environmental awareness by providing
16 them with information and instructions, and offering them training programmes.
17 8. We offer our customers constant advice on the possibilitiesof the environmentally-friendly use of our
18 products.
19 9. Our suppliers are all expected to fulfil environmental standards comparable to the ones of our
20 company.
21 10. We cultivate an open dialogue with the public by regularly informing them on our environmental
22 protection activities. We endeavour to integrate their suggestions and comments into these
23 actiiities.
24 11. The intensive contad to authorities helps us to avoid and/or minimise negative effects on the
25 environment.
26 12. A comprehensive accident management system has been developed to minimise the risk of
27 accidents, as well as harmful effects on human beings and the environment.
28 13. Control systems guarantee the fulfilment of our environmental objectives. These systems are
29 subject to constant examinations according to the latest state of knowledge, and they can be
30 modified if necessary.
- 31
32
33
34 If you have questions or would like additional infomation regardingthis example, please contact the
36
37 Oeutsches lnstitut fur Normung @IN)
38 Burggrafenstrasse6
39 D-10787 Berlin Germany
40 Telephone: 49 30 26 010
41 Fax: 49 30 26 01 12 31
42 E-mail: postmaster@din.de
43
lSO/TC 207SC 4 N295
ISOfTC 20JlSC W G 3 N22
PAGE 65
1 EXAMPLE K
2 UNITED CHEMICAL AND METALLURGICAL WORKS {SPOLEKL USTi NAD LABEM, CZECH
3 REPUBLIC
4 (A chemical company, with approximately 2,000 empioyees, using. environmental performance
5 evaluaiom as a tool for environmental management system implementation)
6
7 Introduction
8
9 This example illustrates the use of the guidelines on environmental performance evaluation (EPE) in IS0
10 14031 to assist the establishment of an environmental management system (EMS) that complies with
11 IS0 14001. The case study was developed by the employees of Spolek’s environmental department in
12 cosperation with the consultant (Management Systems Team, Prague) who assisted the company in
13 implementing its EMS. At the time of writing, the EMS was implemented and certified. EPE was an
14 important tool during ptanning and development of the EMS.
15
16 United Chemical and Metallurgical Works (Spolek pro chemickou a hutni vyrobu, a.s.1 is a company
17 established in 1856 near the center of the city of Osti nad Labem (population of 100,OOO) in the north of
18 the Czech Republic. The company operates in one of the valleys in a heavily polluted area near the
19 Polish and German borders known as the ‘Black Triangle”. Frequent smog alerts and ‘dead forest” areas
20 are caused by heavy chemical and petrochemical industry operations, brown coal mining and power
21 station operations in all three countries.
22
23 The company is owned by several minor and two major (54% and 12%) private shareholders. Spolek
24 employs over 2,000 people and the annual sales of its products amount to over 100 million U.S. Dollars.
25 40% of sales are exported (to Germany, Austria, Poland, Italy, and Slovakia). The local business
26 environment and management practices are influenced by the process of transformation from a centrally
27 planned to a market economy.
28
29 Spolek makes about 1,000 products, the majority of which are elementary inorganic and organic
30 compounds, synthetic resins, organic dyestuffs and special chemicals. The most significant
31 environmental aspects are waste waters released into a local river and the management of toxic wastes
32 (e.g., mercury).
33
34 The main production plant in &ti, where the EMS was implemented, is organized into three divisions.
35
36 PlanningEPE
37
38 The company was complying with the regulations in force when it was plannlng for its EMS but the limits
39 were to become more stringent in the near future which would make compliance very difficult. Setting
40 priorities was therefore a key consideration in the p1anning-e. The company management decided to
41 use the IS0 14031 approach to determine priorities and i m p w e the planning process.
42
43 In planning its EPE and preparing for implementation of its EMS, Spolek assessed its status against the
44 16 principles of lntemational Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Business Charter for Sustainable
45 Development. This process yielded a set of priority areas for improvement in general management
46 practices which included:
47 0 clear allocation and documentation of responsibilities;
48 0 a motivation programme;
49 the integration of environmental aspects into marketing strategies;
50 research and development;
51 improved feedback, collection and utilisation of data.
DRAFT IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 66
1
2 In a management session, a set of performance criteria was developed for the EMS related to customer
3 interests, heatth and safety and legislative requirements, product environmental quality, risk
4 minimisation, company image, etc.
5 --
6 A decision was also made to improve the manaement of the usti plant's operational systems. The first
7 tool that was developed to assist this process was a complete Legislative Register which induded other
8 requirements and voluntary commitments. A limited form of register which had previously been used by
9 the company was updated and improvedfor this purpose.
10
11 As the next step, it was decided to produce a Raster of EnvironmentalAspects (REA1for all operations
12 at the osti plant. This was a very complex task and therefore the Environment Protection Oepartment
13 developed a methodology based on the guidance in IS0 14031 which was particularly helpful for
. 14 identifying the environmental aspects. This methodology was used by all units of the company to identify
15 and evaluate their specific environmental aspects and record them in the REA, and it now provides a tool
16 for checking and updating the REA.
17
19
20 Selecting management performance indicators (MPJ's)
21
22 Targets were set in those areas of management that received the highest priority according to the agreed
23 management (performance) criteria. Projects v" developed and MPl's were selected to monitor and
24 evaluate progress in the priority areas at given intervals.
25
26 TABLE K l
27 Examples of Management Performance Indicators (MPls)
28
development
0 Numberof
29
30 Selecting environment condition indicators (ECls) and operational performance
31 indicators (OPls)
32
33 First, a list of global and regional environment8l impacts was developed includingitems such as global
34 warming, depletion of the ozone layer, damage to forests, pollution of groundwater, etc. which led to
35 identification of the company's environmental aspects relatingto these impacts. Next, ECIs and OPls
36 related to the identified aspects were prioritised using a set of 5 criteria:
37 Economic criteria (e.g., costs of materials, energy, fees, cleanin&
..
ISOfTC 207/SC 4 N295
ISOKC 207IsC 4MIG 3 NZZ
PAGE 67
1 Social criteria (e.g., public and employee complaints, views of interested parties);
2 0 Legislative (e,g,, limits, regulations, voluntary agreements);
3 0 Technological (e.& new materials and technologies);
4 0 Ethical glbe River Programme and other voluntary commitments).
5 P -
6 Environmental aspects were listed for all activities performed at each operational unit and then prioritised
7 for signifmnce using the above set of criteria specifically adapted to the conditions of the unit. The
8 resulting-si&nificantaspects fall into two @ups:
9 1. aspects to be controlled and monitored (sothat current limits and values are not exceeded);
10 2. aspects to be impwed (environmental imprwement progIammes are designed to implement
11 measures to reach target values of selected OPl's).
12
13 A set of priority ECls and OPls (called 'characteristic indicators" in the company) emerged as applicable
14 to all the production units in the plant. These were expressed in measurable units, e.g. chlorinated
15 hydrocarbon (CIH) volume per cubic metre of waste water, mercury content per cubic metre of air, CIH
16 volume per hour per cubic metre of air. These indicators are constantly monitored for the entire plant
17 and used for extemal communication (e.g., environmental report, negotiations with the local
18 administration and other interest groups).
19
20-
21
22
GloballReglonaI Priority Environmental OPWECI Target
mpae Aspee (SpoteR Characteristic
indicator)
-
Forest depletion acid SulDhur oxides 1 Sulphur oxides in In 1997: 52% of 1993
rain (emissions to air] t o n k per year emissions
Water pollution Chlorinated hydrocarbon Chlorinated hydrocarbon In 2000: 22 tonnes per
content in plant effluents 'in tonnes per year in year
waste water
(See NOTE)
Heavy metals in the Mercury emissions to air Tonnes of mercury per In 1997: 77% of 1993
environment I I year
-Ozone layer depletion I Freon emissions to air 1Tonnes of freon per
1 Iyear emitteci to air
Iemissions
I In 1997: 3% of 1993
Iemissions
I1.
23
24 NOTE The company can only. monitor the total volume at its outpWrelease p i n t and then
25 control its contribution to water pollution.
26
27 The 'characteristic" OPl's and ECl's are used intemally by all production units of the company as the
28 main reference in the process of prioritizing their own particular environmental aspects.
29
30 Measurable OPl's are then selected for each significant aspect of each production unit Chlorinated
31 hydrocarbon per cubic metre of waste water, hours of emergency training per employee per year).
32 These indicators are monitored and evaluated and the results are reported to management, the
33 environment protection department and otheis in the company.
34
35
36
37
38
ISO/TC207BC 4 N295
ISOflC 207/SC4M1G 3 N Z
PAGE 68
1
2
3 TAB .E K3
4 Examples of a Production 1 lit's Aspects to be Improved
5
ProductionUnit - ~
chanrcterzstic OPI
1 Target
I
Environmentataspect tndicator
I
I
s u r p f i m acid Sulphur trioxide Surphur frioxide t2;2 "rams Per tonne

-
produdion Sulphur
tnoxhde emissions after
absorption
emissions to air
Organic dyes production Dust emissions to air

-pertonne of produced
acid
Dust in milligrams per
I
'emissbns in kiiograms in 1 ~ 0 -
- dust emissions after cubic meter of air meter of air in August

dwer
Chlorine produdion - -
Mercury emissions to air Mercury emissions to air 5 grams per tonne of
-
Electrolysis Mercury in grams per tmne of chlorine in March 1998
emissions to air produd 4.
6
7 TABLE K4
8 Example of a Production Unit's Aspect to be Monitored
9
Productionunit I- ctlafacteristic OPI Target
Environmentataspect hrdlcator
Hydrofluoric acid Hydroffuonc acid Hydmffuoric acid in Targef in September
-
produdion Vapour emissions mmgrams per cubic 'lsBg: K7milIigrams
affer absorption -mefer of air Ttydroffuoric acid per
.cubic mefer o f air
(rrmit I U mimgrams
hydrofluoric acid per
cubic mefer of air)
10
12
13 The indicators for EPE are periodically reviewed as part of the audit and EMS review process.
14
16
17 Spolek found that putting EPE in place as a management tool when developing its EMS helped to focus
18 the company's efforts on the areas most requiring attention. An important benefft of this approach is the
19 training and increased motivation of the employees that results fmm their participation in setting
20 environmental priorities and designing the process for monitoring and control. Increased environmental
21 awareness and employee motivation also provides more commitment to the implementation of EMS
22 programmes.
23
24 The guidance in IS0 14031 was found to be particularly.helpful when identifyingthe environmental
25 aspects of the organization.
26
27
28
29
PAGE 69
1
2
3 If you have questions or would like additional information regardingthis example, please contact the
4 Czech Republic member organization of ISO:
5 --
6 Czech Standards Institute (CSI)
7 Biskupsky dvur 5
8 110 02 Praha 1 Czech Republic
9 Telephone: 420 2 21 802 111
10 Fax: 420 2 21 802 310
11 om !?. cz
E-mail: u30-csnl!iZ~i
12
ISOITC 2071SC 4 N295
1SORC 2071SC W G 3 N22
PAGE 70
EXAMPLE L
DANISH NATIONAL RAILWAY AGENCY, DENMARK
(A company managing Denmark's railway infrastructure, with approximately 3,400 employees, using IS0
14031 as an instrument for improving the structure and quality of its indicators for environmental
perforriia'ice evaluation)
Introduction
8 The Danish National Railway Agency (DNRA) was formed January 1, 1997 as a result of the
9 reengineering of the Danish State Railways @S6) into an operating company (DSS) and an
10 infrastructurecompany @Nf?A). DNRA is part of the Ministry of Transport, and has approximately 3,400
11 employees. The activities of DNRA can be divided into four main areas:
12 operatina and maintaining the rail infrastructure, e& reconditioning of tracks (replacin& rails,
13 sleepers, ballast), controlling weeds (weeds might reduce track drainage affecting track stability), and
14 grindingtrack (for operational purposes and for limitation of noise);
15 0 extending the rail infrastructure;
16 0 planningand managing traffic;
17' allocating rail infrastructure capacity to various rail operators (including the supply and distribution of
18 energy to electric trains. In this respect, DNRA wants to increase its use of renewable energy).
19
20 The DNRA also owns and operates property used by operational, traffic and administrative personnel,
21 among others.
22
23 The environmental aspects relate to consumption of energy and raw materials and emissions from works
24 and vehicles. Running the properties involves purchasing office goads, various types of equipment, and
25 the consumption of electricity, water and heat. Track reconditioning generates substantial quantities of
26 waste in the form of used ballast. Weed control involves the use of pesticides which may be considered
27 harmful to the environment. Railways are a source of both noise pollution and vibration. DNRA seeks to
28 reduce these nuisances through track maintenance and the erection of noise barriers. Oil spillage may
29 cause harm, especially to groundwater, and some locations have been subject to oil pollution. DNRA's
30 duties therefore involve both preventing further pollution and cleaning up after p i o u s spills.
31
32 Extendingthe rail infrastructurewill have a maior impact on the environment. The location of new track
33 can, for example, seriously affect flora and fauna, the natural and cultural landscape, neighbours, large
34 and small towns, and businesses. The environmental aspects related to railway operation mdude
35 emissions, aesthetic problems, noise pollution, vibration, reduced amenity value and restricted area
36 access. During the construction phase, the environment will be affected by contractingworlc that entails,
37 for example, noise pollution, energy consumption, emissions, access roads, and disruptions to daily life.
38
39 The travel pattems of trains (e.g., speed, number of stops, acceleration) affed the consumption of
40 energy and the related emissions. Travel patterns are a result of planning, traffic management and the
41 operational habits of train drivers. DNRA can influence the rail sector's largest envimnmental impacts,
42 the energy consumption and emissions of trains, through careful planning and management of traffic.
43
44 DNRA supplies and distributes energy to electric trains. Usingeledricity as a source of energy enables
45 the use of renewable energy. DNRA is therefore presently investigating the potential of using
46 windpowered electricity and does at the same seek to extend the share of the railway infrastwcture that
47 is electrically driven
48
49 Planning EPE
50
ISOlTC 207/SC 4 N295
PAGE 71
1 DNRA has formulated its environmental policy on the basis of the environmental aspects mentioned
2 above.
3
4 DNRA's
- environmental policy
5
6 DNRA will work to ensure ffiaf fhe railwey is used propefiy and effiCientty wifh a view to
7 minimising environmentat impads and the consumption o f resources. In fhis way the
8 r a i h y can make a considerame confribufion fo solving one of the transporf sector's
9 -
biggest probtems ever increasing environmenfaf impact.
10
11 Togefher with other players in the transporf sedor and sociefy in generat, DNRE w i i took
?Z for new ways of achieving susfainabre mobiiy.
?3
i4 DNRA wiiwork to ensure mar the ratways refain and explsit their positron as the most
15 environmentally friendly form of fransporf. Dmft9 "shes to be viewed as an
16 organisafion which lead3 fhe fielci in environmenfal maffers, because the challenge
f7 facing raihays in the future is fo be able fo provide a form o f transporf which is both
18 competitrve and environmenfavy sound.
19
20 DNKA sees it as its duty fo encourage Denmark's rail- operators to incorporate
27 environmental awareness info their operanons. The organisation itself wiR provide
22 roufes which are operafed andextendedwifh nafure andfhe environmenf in mind.
23
24 DFRA w i i evaluate the environmenfarconsequences o f aCfhe services which if provides
25 or receives, integrating environmentataspects info ifs operations as a whole. This is why
26 DNKA' is involving its customers, fhe autfiorifies and ttle general pubme in an active
27 diatogue on envimnmenfataspeds.
28
29 DNRA volunteered as a pilot company in a test of IS0 14031. The rationale for participating was partly
30 to contribute to the experience amassed in connection with the standard and partly to supplement the
31 internal work of DNRA on environmental management. The anticipated benefds were:
32 0 a tool enabling DNRA to assess the extent to which it is meeting its environmental objectives at all
33 times;
34 0 improved measurement of managerial performance;
35 0 the measurability of environmentaltargets;
36 a review of its existing indicators for EPE;
37 0 the evaluation of its existing environmental objectives using a different system;
38 0 the use of some of the resulting indicators in the 1997 environmental report which is named
39 Environmental Report and Green Accounts (hereafter green accounts) and all others in the future.
40
41 DNRA has worked with indicators for EPE for some time, producing its first green accounts for the 1996
42 financial year in conjunction with DSB. These accounts provided a status report in terms of the
43 environmental targets that had been set for both DSB and DNRA. Following the division of DSB and
44 DNRA, DNRA adopted a strategy and objectives for its own environmental work. DNRA published its
45 first independent environmental accounts, the Environmental Report and Green Accounts for 1997, in
46 May 1998. IS0 14031 was tested both during and after the preparation of the Environmental Report and
47 Green Accounts for 1997, and helped to broaden the company's pelspectiwe and structure its work in this
48 area.
49
50 DNRA is in the process of developing an environmental management system in line with the guidelines
51 set out in the European Union's Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). As this process was
PAGE 72
1 already under way, it was not appropriate for DNRA to use the “Plan-Do-Check-Ad” model when testing
2 IS0 14031, even though it is seeking to report its environmental performance in line with this. Instead,
3 the focus was solely on the development of indicators for EPE and the future use of indicators for EPE at
4 DNRA. Therefore, the project focused on structuring and raising the quality of indicators for EPE
5 (“Plar#y7
6
8
9 Followings review and discussion of the standard, a brainstormingsession was held in which ideas for
10 new indicators based on DNFWs environmental strategy were suggested and discussed. Indicators were
11 then produced on the basis of DNRA’s environmental strategy, environmental obiectkes and ”it
12 signlficant environmental aspects. The indicators were then divided into three categories consistent with
13 IS0 14031 @.e., environmental condition indicators, operational performance indicators and
. 14 management performance indicatots).
15
16 The brainstorming session resulted in a list of proposed indicators which was subsequently reduced or
17 reworked by means of a critical review. In this review, priority WBS given to those indicators which DNRA
18 could reabtically use Over the next two years. Although this approach to the standard was slightly
19 awkward, since DNRA had not produced quantifiable targets and the indicators were chosen before the
20 underiying documentation (evaluation of environmental objectives relative to the intemstetd parties and
21 reasoning for choice of key environmental aspects) had been pnoduced, it was chosen because DNRA
22 wished to use as many indicators as possibte in the Environmental Report and Green Accounts for 1997.
23 Examples of these indicators am provided in Table L l.
24
25
26
27
Environmental Provisional
Objective Environmentat MPTS OPlS ECTS
Target
ling the Rail Infrastructure

DNRA will make Environmental Percentme of I 1
environmental demands to be I invitations to
demands in all made in all tender and
relevant invitafions invitationsto contracts in w h i i
to tender and tender and the procedure for
contracts . Contracts environmental
evaluatiin is used
To be used in
1998
DNRA will ensure Aesthetics policy . Proqress made in . To what extent are
the project for the . the aesthetic
take due account I formulation of an . obiectives met
of nature and the aesthetics policy in . (1998)
surrounding 1 connection with
time-tabling (1998)
Operating and Klaintainingthe RaiLInfrastructure

, DBlRAwill take IAll product- CPeccentage-o€ c c
lSO/TC 2071% 4 N295
ISOnC 207tSC SNVG 3 N22
PAGE 73
Environmental Provisional
objective - Environmenfat OPlS Ecrs
Targef
which are
consideration evaluation prioritid on the
when making basis of
purchasinn environmental
decisions - t evaluation (1998)
DNRA will prevent 1- All priority . Number of Kilometres of
noise pollution and * residential areas to - residential areas sound barriers
vibration and help be offered noise . offered noise erected (1996,
remedy the ' reduction solutions reduction
nuisance caused measums relative
to those living near to the overall
the railway who levels of noise
aremostaffected . pollution (number
by noise pollution of priority
residential areas)
Planning and Managing Traffic on ' le Rail Network

DNRA will start to Dialogue to be Percentage of Percentage of Railway sector's
change over to entered into with energy suppliers 'gpener" enetgy contribution to
'greener" forms of all energy with whom a used in dimate change,
energy suppliers dialogue has been comparison with acidification,
entered into on total energy.used eutrophication,
Ogreener" energy (.l998) smog and
(1997) depletion of
natural resources
1
t l1998)
2 DNRA was already aware of its most significant environmental aspects before the proiect began. The
3 new element introduced by the project was that the justification of DNRA's choice of key environmental
4 aspects was documented for the first time.
5
6 While evaluating the indicators, DNRA also looked at its environmental obiectives relative to its
7 interested parties with a view to analysing which envimnmental objectives were of interest to which
8 parties. The analysis of interested parties was produced on the basis of discussions within DNRA and
9 between DNRA and extemal consultants (Deloitte & Touche). The analysis also drew on DNRA's
10 experience from previous experiences with various interested parties and general investigations into and
11 theories about such parties' interest in environmental matters. No concrete investigation was carried out
12 and there was no direct dialogue with interested parties. The result of the analysis is a document
13 illustrating which interested parties are interested in which of DNRA's environmental objectives. This
14 type of analysis will be part of DNRA's ongoing-work to develop its environmental reportingand
15 indicators for EPE. Table I2shows an example of the results of the analysis of interested parties.
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
ISOfT'C 2071sC 4 N295
ISO/TC 2071sC W G 3 N22
PAGE 74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 TABLLL2.
9 Examples of the Results of the Analysis of Interested Parties
10
due accounf o f
nature and the
11
12 NOTE X means that the party has an interest in the relevant objective.
13
14 Usingdata and information
15
16 The central EnvironmentalAffairs Office in the Administration Department had primary responsibility-for
17 gathering data in connectionwith the preparation of the Green Accounts for 1996 and the Environmental
ISORC 207SC 4 N295
ISORC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
1 Report and Green Accounts for 1997. There is an identified need for better interface between the units
2 that generate data and the Environmental Affairs Office which processes and analyses data. DNRA is
3 currently working to ensure that the individual units are themselves responsible for gathering data and
4 subsequently submitting reports to the EnvironmentalAffairs Office for use in the evaluation of indicators
5 for EPE which are reported internally or externally.
6
7 The list of indicators (examples given in Table 1) indicates which of the indicators were used for the
8 Green Accounts for 1996, which were used in the Environmental Report and Green Accounts for 1997,
9 and which are likely to be used in future environmental reports (1998). This last cataory covers both
10 intemal and external reporting, atthough many of the indicators will probably be used exclusively for
11 intemal reportingsince some of them relate almost entirely to intemal processes which are not of direct
12 interest to the general public.
13
15
16 in connection with the development of an environmental management system at DNRA, an
17 environmental strategy has been adopted which comwses an environmental policy and environmental
18 objectives. Measurable environmental targets for each of the departments and divisions have yet to be
19 finafised. The indicators for EPE resulting from this project will be linked to the environmental targets
20 and have already been used when formulating environmental targets. They will continue to be used for
21 this purpose in the future.
22
23 The standard's approach to definingenvironmental tam& and associated indicators will help in critical
24 reviews and the further development of DNRA's environmental strategy and environmental targets. This
25 will ensure that environmental performance can be assessed for both the individual units and for DNRA
26 as a whole. Such tools obviously play a vital role in the development of an effective environmental
27 management system.
28
29 The indicators for EPE and the way they are classified as management performance indicators,
30 operational performance indicators and environmental condition indicators will become an integral part of
31 future intemal reporting at DNRA and. where applicable, environmental reports and areen accounts.
32 Presented appropriately, the indicators can give a good idea of developments in the organisation,
33 providing a basis for any corrective action in areas which may not have made sufficient progress.
34
35 The analysis of interested parties revealed that the Ministry of Transport, environmental organisations,
36 govemment environmental authorities and poliiticians are the parties most interested in DNRA's
37 environmental objectives, while employees, fore$n rail network managem, competitors, other sectors
38 and end-users (e.g. train passengers) are interested in very few of the environmental objectives. Future
39 work will look into the information requirements of such parties in connection with DNRA's environmental
40 reporting in the future.
41
42 The intention when the project started was to develop various indicators relatively rapidly so that they
43 couM be used in the Environmental Report and Green Accounts for 1997. This did not ultimately happen
44 and so there are no major differences between the indicators used in the Green Accounts for 1996 and
45 those used in the Environmental Report and Green Accounts for 1997. The indicators which have not
46 been used in DNRA's environmental reporting to date will therefore be used as input for future
47 environmental reporting.
48
50
51 On the basis of its experience with IS0 14031, DNRA would like to pass on the following obselvations
52 based on its experience to other organizations wishing to use IS0 14031:
lSO/TC ZO7ISC 4 N295
lSO/TC 2071SC 41wG 3 N22
DRAFfIsoIsLl
1 the standard's three categories (management performance indicators, operational Performance

2 indicators and environmental condition indicators) am a useful tool when developing in-house
3 indicators;
4 the work on the analysis of interested parties and signiffcant environmental aspects forms a sound
5 bask for anafysing and developing indicators;
6 it pays to take the time to work systematically with IS0 14031;
7 draw inspiration from and involve others when producing indicators;
8 although the annex to IS0 14031 is a useful source of inspiration, don't feel constrained when
9 developing indicators;
10 it is important to integrate work on indicators with other environmental work in the organization, for
11 both environmental reporting and environmental management;
12 remember that there should be a dear link between significant environmental aspects, policy,
13 strategy, objectives, targets and indicators;
14 while the text in the standard may seem complex, the approach is not; it is just good old common
15 sense.
16
17
18
19 If you have questions or require additional information regardingthis example, please contact the Danish
20 member organization of ISO:
21
22 Dansk Standard (OS)
23 Kollegievej 6
24 DK-2920 Charlottenlund Denmark
25 Telephone: 45 39 96 61 01
26 Fax: 45 39 96 61 02
27 E-mail: dansk.s~andar~,~ds.3k
l s 0 L r - m
ISOnC 207BC 4MIG
PAGE 77
1 EXAMPLE M
2 ELKEM FISKAA SILICON, KRISTIANSAND, NORWAY
3 (A silicon metal production plant, part of a multinational company with approximately 5,300 employees,
4 focusing on the views of interested parties in its implementation of environmental performance
5 evaluation)
6
7 Introduction
8
9 Elkem ASA is among. the world's leading suppliers of femalloys and silicon metal. Elkem is also
10 engaged in aluminium production as well as the manufacture of a number of special produds related to
11 its core produdion. Elkem has approximately 5,300 employees and 25 produdion plants in Europe,
12 North and South America.
13
14 Elkem Fiskaa, situated in the town of Kristiansand in the southem part of Noway, 4s Elkem largest
15 industrial facility. The site consists of the company's research center and the Elkem Fiskaa Silicon plant,
16 which manufactures c a h n materials and silicon metal.
17
18 The main product, silicon metal, is the main raw material for productipn of silicones and silanes, and is
19 used as alloying element in aluminium production. The by-product, Mimsilica QP, is used as an additive
20 in concrete.
21
22 Elkem Fiskaa Silicon has for several years been reporting environmental data to state and local
23 authorities. This reporting is related to the plant's discharge permit. The primary environmental data
24 have also been presented in an annual health, safety and envimnmental report to extemal interested
25 parties, as well as in the Elkem Group environmental report.
26
27 This example focuses on Elkem Fiskaa's effort to assess and understand the views of interested parties,
28 because the company feels that the environmental information it issues should focus on those areas or
29 issues about which its interested parties want information. Elkem Fiskaa has had some experience with
30 the communication of environmental issues to interested parties, especially neighbours, customers and
31 local and national authorities, but the company had not, to date, conducted a thorough or comprehensive
32 assessment of the information needs of its interested parties.
33
34 Planning EPE
35
36 The main objective of EPE at Elkem Fiskaa Silicon was to develop a set of indicators based on the
37 company's significant environmental impacts and the needs and requirements of its interested parties.
38
39 During 1994, a Cleaner Production Proiect was carried out at Elkem Fiskaa Silicon, and as a result, very
40 good knowledge of the input and output data of the production process was established.
41
42 Elkem Fiskaa Silicon had also been working with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and was assessing the
43 life cyde properties of silicon metal when EPE was initiated. It was decided to plan EPE using existing
44 knowledge of the significant environmental aspects of the production plant. and to revise the indicators
45 after the results from the LCA study were presented.
46
47 EPE at Elkem Fiskaa Silicon was organised into five steps:
48 environmental status evaluation;
49 assessment of interested parties;
50 first selection of indicators for EPE;
51 0 Testing and evaluation;
lSOrrC 207lSC 4 N295
ISOfK 2071SC 4MIG 3 NZ2
O M IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 78
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
. 14
15
16
17
Environmental Aspects Related Environmental impacts
Emissions of sulphur dioxide Ad"tion andbcaf heallh impacts
Emissions of nitrogen oxide AcidiVixtion andlocal heaffh impacts, eutrophicatron
Emissions of carbon dioxide Global dimate change
Emissions of dust , Local health impacts h
Emissions of noise ILocal health impacts h
18
19 Assessment of intemsted parties
20
21 The next step was to conduct an assessment of the company's interested parties. The working group at
22 Elkem concluded that the following were the company's interested parties:
23 0 Customers;
24 0 Suppliers;
25 BanWAssurance;
26 0 Political parties;
27 Neighbours of the plant;
28 0 Non govemmental organizations (NGOs);
29 Employees;
30 Local authorities;
31 OwneWshareholders;
32 0 Concem managers;
33 0 National authorities.
34
35 To achieve the most reliable input and understanding of the views of these interested parties, a
36 questionnaire was developed and circulated. The questionnaire listed 10 questions and some of the
37 questions may vary from one group of interested parties to another. A letter describing the objectiies of
38 the company's effort was also circulated. Elkem Fikaa Silicon circulated approximately 65
39 questionnaires, and approximately 70% of them were retumed. For specific interested parties (e.g.,
40 bank/assurance, owners/shareholders and corporate managers) input was primarily collected through
41 interviews. Considering the number of questionnaires circulated and retumed, the input was not
42 considered statisticalty representative, but it did pnwide a general impression of which environmental
43 aspects were of greatest concem to the company's interested parties.
44
ISOTTC 207/SC 4MIG 3 N22
DRAFT IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 79
1 A general impression from this investigation was that environmental knowledge vanes from one
2 interested party group to another, and can vary-among the members of an interested party gfroup. This
3 indicated that when producing an extemal environmental report, it is necessary to explain the different
4 environmental and human impacts related to the different types of discharge from Elkem Fiskaa Silicon.
5 - -
6 In their responses to the quesbonnaires, interested parties indicated that they would like more
7 information about the following issues:
8 Emissions of sulphur dioxk;
9 Emissions of carbon dioxide;
10 0 Emissions of nitrogen oxide
11 Emissions of noise;
12 Emissions of dust:
13 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocahons;
14 * Waste and waste treatment;
15 Acute discharges (Le., those exceeding either intemal company limits or regulatory limits);
16 Energy conservation;
17 Health effects;
18 Environmental objectives;
19 General impacts on the beal vicinity;
20 Environmental plans and actions;
21 Costs for environmental actions;
22 Global impacts;
23 The company's environmental policy.
24
25 In the questionnaire, Elkem Flskea Silicon invited interested parties to participate in a meeting at Elkem
26 Fiskaa Silicon to discuss environmental issues and the development of a first set of indicators for EPE
27 for the production plant. 45 interested perties (76%) accepted the invitation for the meeting, which was
28 arranged by Elkem Fiskaa Silicon, and at which approximately 15 interested parties participated.
29
3(2
31
EaPlactrnn0f.indicatars.fOr
*
TE
32 Based on the results of the environmental status evaluation, the identified significant environmental
33 aspects, and the results of the assessment of interested parties' needs, a set of indicators were selected.
34 The data was related to the produdion of one tonne of silicon metal, and data for the previous three
35 years were presented, in order to show the changes in performance, independent from variations in
36 annual production. This set of indicators is presented in Table M2.
37
3a TABLEIIIIZ.
39 First Set of Indicatorsfor EPE
40
41
PAGE 80
1 Testing and evaluation

2
3 The meetingwith interested parties at Elkem Fiskaa Silicon was planned as an initial test of the filst set
4 of indicators. For most of the interested parties, Etkem Fiskaa is seen as one large industrial facility. in
5 generd, fhe interested parties focused on comparingthe emissions of Elkem Fiskaa Silicon against
6 others, including both local and long distance-transported contamination. Several neighbours wanted to
7 know how dangerous it Is to live near the plant and if the water quality of a nearby fLrd was dangerous.
8 They also wanted to know Elkem Fiskaa Silicon's plans for action, especially in the area of reducing
9 coatammatiqn.
10
11 The indicators showing-specific emissions were of only-minor interest for the interested parties at that
12 meeting. The interested parties were interested in indicators showing trends and development over time,
13 brrt.ltrams-theleuelof contaminatioaadaa8-S- different rnntsmlnnnta
* iathqir
14 that was considered important.
15
16 Final selection of indicators for EPE
17
18 An initial conclusion was that the first set of indicators presented at the meeting are useful for intemal
19 use by the company, but they may also be useful for benchmarking purposes with other companies with
20 similar production processes or products.
21
22 To fulfil the needs of its interested parties, it was considered necessary to establish another set of
23 indicators with explanatory descriptions of the variety of the company's environmental impacts,
24
25 Elkem Fiskaa Silicon has decided to implement an environmental management system based on IS0
26 14001 in 1999, and its environmental report will present a set of indicators that fulfils all of the needs and
27 requirements of the company's interested parties. Therefore, Elkem Fiskaa Silicon has selected a new
28 set of indicators as presented in Table M3. Table M4 shows which interested parties are interested in
29 which indicators. However, most of the final set of indicators and supportingdata are available for all
30 interested parties.
31
32
33
34
MPls OPlS ECls
'Deviationfrom discharge Xonnes o fsulphur Noxidie 'Noise emaed in decibels
permission emiffedper year
. Deviation from intemal ,Tonnes of carbon dioxide Grams of dust per cubic
-P=f=ma-nrurn -emitted per year .metre of.- air
P b and-asbioRs .lixmesd- emiftprl -Grams of- sdpbw &a&e per
.peEyear .cubic mebFe-eFmbient aif
-e"' -Tonnesofdast-mper .Grams of rntrogen u x k k per
*year cubic metre of ambienfair
Energy consumption Energy consumption
(totakpecific) .(totakgecific)
rAcufetikkuge
W
-:
35
36
Isnrrr,fsc-
ISOITC 207/SC
PAGE 81
TABLE M4
Some New Selected Indicators for EPE
In Relation to Elkem Fiskaa's Interested Parties
--
1 TOP Management I
.(AnnuatReportl; j Divisional
Managemenf
Tonnes of sutphur Eneigy
- +xm"ttw
Tonnes of sufpfwr
Neighbours
-
mans and action

I
.
Own
Organization
-AAdata, botfi
dioxide emitfed per consumpfon dfoxide emined per
year (total/speaicJ year
Tonnes of carbon Deviation from Tonnes of carbon Improvements r
dioxide emitted per discharge dioxide emitted per
year Ipermission year
Tonnes of nitrogen 1Deviation from Tonnes of nitmgen Health effects
oxide emitted &r 1 intemal oxide emitted per
year performance goats year
Tonnes of dust Acute discharge Tonnes of dust Acute discharge
emitted per year emitted per year
Energy Energy Noise .Deviation from
discharge
[ (total/specific) petmission
Deviation from I Hazardous waste Noise
discharge
I
6
7 Reviewingand improving EPE
8
9 At this time, there is no intention to develop more aClgregated indicators for extemal use. Experience
10 from the meeting with interested parties and other efforts indicates that even specific data is hard to
11 explain. For intemal use within the company, the situation may-be different, and Elkem Fiskaa Silicon
12 will continuously improve its reporting efforts, If more aggregated indicators seem to be successful
13 intemally, their extemal use will be considered.
14
15 At the outset of this EPE process, it was decided only to include the environmental impacts related to the
16 silicon metal production plant in Kristiansand. However, the management of the company recognises
17 the fact that significant environmental impacts may also be related to the mining and transportation of
48 coal and quartz, as well as the production of other raw materials. Silicon metal is a raw material for the
19
20
21
production of hundreds of different products from silicones and silanes, and it is used as an allo ing
element in aluminium production, In this implementation of an EPE process, the envimnmental im ds
caused by such products were not considered.
J
22
23 In future work with indicators for EPE at Elkem Fiskaa Silicon it will be necessary to consider the results
24 from the company's ongoing LCA study project and the results of LCA studies camed out by product
25 manufacturers using.silicon metal as one of their raw materials
26
27 Elkem Fiskaa will work towards certification of its environmental management system to IS0 14001 in
28 1999, and the company foresees a certain development of their MPls during this process. This should
29 also include development of a plan for periodical communication with and feedback from their extemal
30 interested parties.
31
ISOflC 2071SC 4 N295
ISOflC 207lSC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 82
1
3
4 For some time, Elkem Fiskaa Silicon has been deliberately using their knowledge about environmental
5 issuedin-their production planning and intemal and external reporting. In some ways this can be seen as
6 a practical use of an environmental management system based on health, safety and environmental
7 principles. With the addition of a few more statements, procedures and environmental objectives, the
8 requirements in existing environmental manaaement systems standards will be fulfilled.
9
10 Implementingthe EPE process was considered a positive experience because it established a groductive
11 dialogue for the company with a large number of its interested parties. Most of the intemsted patties who
12 participated by answering the questionnaire were very pleased to be asked for their input. This was also
13 expressed at the meeting with interested parties.
14
15 The results of the EPE process will be used by the company in the following two ways:
16 1. to measure intemal continuous environmental improvements, by monitoring the specific amounts of
17 emissions or energy consumption per ton of product;
18 2. to use the indicators in extemal envinonmental reporting, combined with more detailed explanatory
19 descriptions of environmental and health impads.
20
21 Supplemented by the results of the ongoing LCA study, the indicators for EPE could form a basis for
22 further environmental improvements at Elkem Fiskaa Silicon.
23
24
25
27 Norwegian member organization of ISO:
28
29 Norse Standardiseringsforund (NSF)
30 Drammensveien 145 A
31 Postboks 353 Skoyen
32 N-0212 Oslo Norway
33 Telephone: 47 22 04 92 00
34 Fax: 47 22 04 92 11
35 E-mail: flrmaposr~~sf.?e)emax.n=
36
lSO/TC 207BC 4MIG 3 N22
DRAEr ISO-UL
1 EXAMPLE N
2 ELECTROLUX AB, SWEDEN
3 CA large multi-national company manufacturing household and commercial appliances, with
4 approximately 112,300 employees, using the environmental aspects of its products to select indicators
5 for envimmental performance evaluation)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17 'Growth in consumption of non-renewable raw material and natural m u m s cannot
18 continue indefinitely. Our operaflons and our prodl~cfsmust Be integratedin a cycle,so -
19 thaf we can satisfy the needs of our customers without jeopardising the prospects for
20' future generations. The keywords for our operations are Merefore resource-efficiency -
a- and recycting. We are going €0 meef our customers' expectations fir safe, -
22 environmentally sound pmduds, and we wilt actiwew distribute information aimed at .
23- 1 stimutafing demand for these produds."
24
25 The environmental policy of Electrolux stresses the responsibility to contribute to sustainable
26 development by continuously improving products and production processes from an environmental
27 perspective. The principles of precaution and total appmach are guidelines for all activities canied out.
28
29 The environmental strategy of Electrolux states that the company should:
30 0 be a leader and driver in environmentally sound technology, products and processes;
31 actively develop demand through the use of environmentally sound products.
32
33 In 1995, Eledrolux decided to instilute IS0 14001 as the environmental management system for all
34 facilities before the year 2O00. If a local market wants to recognise another system (e.g., the European
35 -
Union's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme EMAS), this can be adapted.
36
37 The standardised reporting in Uedrolux includes all production sites and warehouses with more than
38 1,000 square metres of heated area. In 1995 the reported figures on energy consumption, water
39 consumption and carbon dioxide emission included approximately 97% of the total building surface.
40 These measurements have existed for more than 10 years and are regarded as very accurate. The
41 other reporting parameters in 1995 included approximately 90% of the total factory surface area and are
42 based on estimated values. These parameters are expected to reach a high level of reliability within a
43 few years.
44
45 The development and use of indicators for EPE in Eledrolux is seen as an implementation of their
46 environmental strategy. The set of indicators is seen as one indicator among several indicators
47 measuring the total business performance. Eledrolux applies the Total Quality Model (TQM) for
48 integration of all management functions.
49
50 Planning EPE
51
lSO/lC 207/SC 4 N295
ISOfrC 207pSC dMlG 3 N22
DBAEL.LsQTB
1 The main objective for flectrolux' development of indicators for EPE was to:
2 check that the environmental development of their processes and produds are fulfilling their
3 environmental strategy;
4 link the environmental strategy to financial figures and shareholder values:
5 0 maKe it possible to identify environmental targets at all levels in the organization, both at the different
6 production sites, and within functions, such as logistics, marketing and produd development;
7 0 serve as elements in reporting to interested parties.
8
9 The factors regarded as important by Eledrolux for the successful implementation of indicators for EPE
10 into the organization are reported to be that:
11 0 the use of indicatorsfor EPE must lead to reduced environmental impacts;
12 0 the indicators for EPE are integratedwith business strategy, and give added shareholder value;
13 the indicators for EPE ate relevant and communicable to interested parties;
14 0 the indicators for EPE are linked to business and employee performance.
15
10 Eledrolux chose to indude impacts on "work environment" for their customers, such as noise, heat and
17 odour from the user phase of their products, as this was seen as a customer demand. The intemal work-
18 environment in Eledroluxwas not included, as this is addressed by other means.
19
20 The shareholders are seen as the main interested party at Eledrolux. In order to fulfil the shareholders
21 needs and expectations for shareholder value, other interested parties' needs regarding environmental
22 issues will have to be met.
23
24 The development and implementation of indicators for EPE at Eledrolux is carried out by the Group
25 Staff for Envhnmental Affairs at the corporate office in Stockholm, in close co-operation with the
26 Environmental Co-ordinators for the produd lines.
27
29
30 Environmental impact assessment
31
32 The identificationof significant environmental aspects from products and production sites is based on:
33 0 Life Cyde Assessments (LCAs) of most of the product types;
34 0 Site specific assessment of each produdion plant.
35
36 Based on the identified significant environmental aspects for each product group, the areas for
37 environmental target setting, as well as intemal criteria for compliance, were identified. Life Cycle
3a Assessments were used to identii the main potential environmental impacts from products on a global
39 and regional level. Typical mults from LCAs of electric appliances show that most environmental
40 impacts result from the use of the products. The production process (including raw material acquisition
41 and manufadwe of components) has a relatively small contribution compared to the impacts resutting
42 from the user phase. In general, 80 to 90% of the environmental impacts from household appliances
43 o a r when the customers use these products.
44
45 Use of a washing machine has the followingpotential impacts on environment:
46 global warming from incineration of fossil fuel (production of electricity for households);
47 use of resources (water);
48 0 water pollution (from detergents).
49
50 Thus, reduction of energy and water consumption in the user phase will reduce the environmental
51 impacts significantly from this type of product. Likewise, an example of produd specific impacts from
I S O f K 2071SC 4 N295
ISOfK 2071SC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 85
1 refrigeration equipment is the high potential for global warming and ozone-depletion from the use of
2 cooling agents and insulationgases.
3
4 Recyclingof products will reduce waste loads and impacts from raw materials and production, and
5 recyclingwas thus identified as one of the main areas on which to focus.
6
7 Based on the impact assessment, the most significant environmental aspcts were identified for each
8 product group in each of the three business areas. As an example, the significant environmental aspects
9 for commercial refrigerationequipment are:
10 Cooling gases and insulation gases:
11 0 Energy;
12 0 Recycling;
13 0 Noise;
14 Work environment.
15
16 Site specific assessments of each production unit were based on balances of material flow (consumption,
17 manufacturing and residual of materials). Consumption of energy and water have been monitored and
18 reported intemally for several years, and duringthe last few years the reportingof material balances,
19 wastes, and use of environmentally hazardous substances has been introduced.
20
21 Assessing the views of interested parties
22
23 Interested party needs were mainly assessed intemally through market surveys and dialogue with these
24 parties. The following interested parties are considered in the development of indicators for EPE:
25 0 Authorities - demand fulfilment of legislation, directives and treaties on a national, regional or global
26 level.
27 0 -
Consumers increasing demand for environmental performance.
28 0 -
Non-govemmental environmental organizations raise the awareness of environmental expectancy
29 in society.
30
31 In addition, test institutions such as Consumer Union and Konsumentverket provide test procedures and
32 ratings on environmental matters, and these must also be fulfilled.
33
34 To identify the views of interested parties in the financial arena, Electrolux, in 1996, carried out
35 interviews with different financial analysts in Stockholm, London, Frankfurt and New York. Most of these
36 financial analysts saw only a weak correlation between environmental and financial performance. One of
37 the analysts stated that "beyond compliance spending would be seen as a drain on cash flow". The
38 financial analysts expressed a demand for environmental indicators, but could not specify the kind of
39 information these indicatorsshould include.
40
41 Interviews carried out among ownerslshareholders gave few specific answers regarding specific needs
42 for environmental information.
43
44 From these inquiries it appears that it is up to the company to show a positive link between
45 environmental and financial performance.
46
47 The selected indicators for EPE
48
49 The selected indicators for EPE are chosen to fulfil intemal monitoring of product and production
50 performance. To do so,four group measures for environmental performance were developed:
51 -
Site measures for the monitoring of production performance at each production site;
PAGE 86
1 -
Product groups (Fleet average) for the monitoring of product improvement in average over time;
2 Green range - for the monitoring of product leadership and profitability in this segment;
3 -
Recycling index for the monitoring of the value of worn-out products.
4 - -
5. -.- TI
S
6
7 Each Electrolux production site or facility monitors and reports intemal parameters such as energy cost
8 and consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, water consumption, and material efficiency. In addition,
9 each site may cany out monitoring and reporting of additional parameters to fulfil local intemal or
10 extemal demands.
11
12 To facilitate local or corporate monitoring of development from one year to another, most of the key
13 figures are nomalised to added value of the products (i.e., added cost: the difference between total
14 manufacturing costs and dired material costs). Such figures include parameters such as energy cost,
15 energy consumption, carbon d i o d e emission and water consumption. In addition, energy consumption
16 per wbic meter of heated area and direct material efficiency are reques&d.
17
18 The site measurements am demanded by the customers and the local oommunities, as well as for
19 intemal goal setting and follow up activities.
20
21
22
Product groups (Fleet averageL - MPIs
23 The fleet average includes all Electrolux products, and calculates the average value for some of the
24 most important environmental factors for each product group. The aim is to monitor the overall rate of
25 improvement. The indicator is used intemally for control measures, but may also be used for extemal
26 communication in annual reports.
27
20 As an example, the criteria for fleet average for refrigerators includes parameters such as average
29 energy consumption, 96 of products with hydrocarbons as cooling medium, and average emission of
30 noise.
31
32
33
"Green range" - MPls
34 The 'Green Range" is used to identify environmentally leading produds in each product group and
35 calculate their profitability. For each product group, specific criteria must be met for the products to
36 considered a 'Green Range' produd. The criteria will change Over time, and am based on:
37 environmental impacts;
38 0 consumer environmental concems;
39 competitiveness;
40 official demands (e.g., uiteria shall meet or exceed labelling schemes, legislation and test
41 institutions);
42 0 functional demands.
43
44 As an example, the 'Green Range' criteria for refrigerators are:
45 low energy consumption (energy class A or 6);
46 0 hydrocarbons as cooling agent;
47 noise emission lower than 38 decibels.
48
49 Thus, Eledrolux can monitor
50 how many of their refrigerator products are meeting the 'Green Range" criteria;
51 the volume of sales of 'Green Range" refrigerators;
ISOKC 207BC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207ISC 4MIG 3 N22
PAGE 87
1 0 the gross profit of ‘Green Range” refrigerators.

2
3 The criteria for “Green Range’ products are important parameters and considerations for research and
4 development (R&D) when developing new products.
5 - -
6
7
Recycling-index - MPls
a The recyclingindex is an indicator for EPE used for product development. The purpose of this indicator
9 is to increase the value of the waste, thus facilitating the recycling processes. The recycling index is the
10 nomalised value for worn-out products, based on the value the recycling firm will be prepared to pay_(or
11 have to be paid), divided by the value of the raw material.
12
13 Recycling index (RI) = Recycling VaiuelRaw Material Value
14
15 If the recycling index is higher than 0, the cost for the recovery of the materials is less than their value,
16 and there is a potential proffi from recycling of the product. If the value 5s negative, the recycling firm
17 will have to be paid to receive the scrap, and recycling will thus not increase profitability. If the value is
18 above 1, the product or parts of it can be reused, and some of the value added in manufacturing
19 processes can be recovered.
20
21 The challenge with this indicator is to predict the recycling value for a product that will end up as scrap in
22 10 or I 5 years. Today, Electrolux uses a recycling value for materials based on the price obtained in
23 today’s market.
24
25 SummarylConclusions
26
27 Some of the indicators for EPE are already implemented in the organization, whereas others are in the
28 initial stages of the implementation process. The “Green Range” is implemented at White Goods
29 Europe, and Site Measures is implemented for ail business sectors.
30
31 Three out of four indicators are directed towards the functionality of the products. Thus, the different
32 functions in the organization, such as marketing, sales, and product development can use them to
33 measure progress related to their specific needs.
34
35 Electrolux has established an electronic network for intemal communication and reporting of
36 environmental information. This simplifies the data flow and enables the different functions in the
37 organization to use the indicates in decision-making processes, without any delay for information
38 gathering.
39
40 The financial community is already statlingto “ g n i s e the link between Electrolux’ performance in
41 environment and business as expressed in the ‘Green Range’ indicator. Future plans include expanding
42 the ‘Green Range’ to cover all product lines and to communicate it even more effectively to the financial
43 community. Future plans also include implementing and using FJe& Average and Recycling Index more
44 widely in the organization.
45
46 When implementing the four indicators in the organization, challenges such as the following have to be
47 met:
48 system boundaries for the organisational system covered by the indicators;
49 0 how to link the environmental and financial systems intemally;
50 how to fight for prioritieswith other stratqes.
51
lSO/TC 207BC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207iSC 4MIG 3 N22
DBAn:lsoTa
1 However, the importance of the four indicators is widely recognised and accepted intemally at Electrolux
2 because of the close link to economic value.
3
4
5 - -
7 Swedish member organization of ISO:
8
9 -
SIS Standardiseringeni Sverige
10 St. Eriksgatan 115
11 B0x-W
12 S-113 82 Stockholm Sweden
13 Telephone: 46 8 610 30 00
74 Fax: 46 8 30 77 57
15 E-mail: info@sis.se
tSMCZtWSC2
ISOfK 207fSC 4MIG
DRAFT IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 89
1 EXAMPLE 0
2 ICI, United Kingdom
3 (A large multi-national chemical company, with 67,500 employees and complex environmental aspects,
4 developing
- - operational performance indicators to reflect the environmental burdens of its activities)
fi
6 Introduction
7
8 IC1 is one of the world's largest chemical companies with intemational businesses, supported by a
9 powerful technology base, in the areas of paints, materials, explosives and industrial chemicals, with
10 strong regional businesses in Pakistan, Argentina and India.
11
12 In 1997, IC1 had 67,500 employees worldwide, and manufactured more than 8,000 products at over 200
13 locations in more than 30 countries. The company has implemented a Safety, Health and Environmental
14 (SHE) management system. All businesses, sites, locations and works are required:
15 0 to have establishedtheir own local procedures which incorporate good practice as specified in over
16 100 Group guidelines; and
17 0 to comply with ICl's published SHE policy which includes a commitment to 'ensure that an) all its
18 activities world-wide . . . environmental performance will meet contemporary requirements and that
I9 its operations are run in a manner acceptable to local communities."
20
21 In 1990, IC1 was one of the first chemical companies to define targets for environmental improvement,
22 and since 1992 the company has published an annual Group environmental report describing progress
23 towards these targets.
24
25 Eleven IC1 sites have been certified to the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). and
26 to IS0 14001.
27
28 Planning EPE
29
30 Initially, IC1 reported wastes released to the environment in terms of the weight in tonnes emitted to air,
31 water and land, and they were categorised as hazandous or non-hazardous. Reports focused on
32 individual substances identified in United Kingdom, United States of America and European
33 environmental regulations, together with other substances which IC1 believes make a significant
34 contribution to the potential environmental impact of its operations.
35
36 Simply measuring different waste substances by weight alone gives no indication of the types of different
37 environmental effects they may cause, nor the potency of the substances to exert those effects. For
38 example, the potential environmental impact of a tonne of sulphuric acid on aquatic plant and animal life
39 when released into water is greater than that of a tonne of gypsum.
40
41 Recogoisingthe limitations of reportingby weights alone, Over a period of 18 months startingin 1995, IC1
42 developed a new way to assess the potential environmental impad of itS emissions which IC1 called the
43 'Environmental Burden" approach. ICl's obiedive was an informative and Scientifically sound way to
44 quantify the environmental performance of a company which operates world-wide, and hence to set and
45 monitor targets for improvement. It draws on develoQments in environmental science to estimate
46 potential environmental impads, rather than merely stating quantities of wastes and emissions.
47
48 IC1 established a team to review the implementation of the Environmental Burden (EB)approach and
49 consider how it might be refined in the future. This scientific review panel consisted of three eminent
50 intemational and independent environmental practitioners who met with the company's experts. IC1
51 considers the development of the EB approach to be an innovative and valuable contribution to
lSO/TC 207fSC 41wG 3 N22
PAGE 90
1 environmental performance evaluation, environmental management and reporting. It also enables all
2 interested parties to determine which wastes and emissions are the most significant in terms of their
3 potential environmental impact.
4
5 ICl's E8 method has been set up so that it can be adapted readily as better scientific data become
6 available, for example, on human and ecotoxic effects of emissions. At present, this method guides
7 operations within the Company and su@xwts decisions on acquisitions and divestments. Future
8 developments could include extending it to describe the produd suppJy chain 'upstream' and
9 'downstream" of the Company itself. IC1 has already made a step in this direction by including the
10 effects of extemal energy generation.
11
12 Selecting. indicators for EPE
13
14 IC1 selected indicators for EPE to reflect the nature and scale of its Operations and to enable the
15 Company and its interested parties to monitor progress towards environmental objedies which are
16 called the 'SHE Challenge 2000 goals'. The baseline is the value of each indicator in 1995; the goals
17 are set for the year 2000. Twenty indicators have been selected relating to:
10 0 compliance (4 indicators);
19 public topics (2 indicators);
20 0 resource conservation (2 indicators):
21 0 wastes (5 indicators); and
22 0 environmental burdens (7 indicators).
23
24 7 of the 20 indicators are relevant to management efforts to improve environmental performance; the
25 remainder address the environmental performance of ICl's operations.
26
27 The environmental aspects of IC1 are complex, and a combination of indicators related to them has been
28 selected to provide a comprehensiveevaluation of environmental performance.
29
30 Management performance indicators (MPls)
31
32 The MPls selected are chosen to provide information on ICl's performance in implementingits published
33 policy, and assist in the evaluation of management efforts to improve performance. The goals and
34 U3Med.indicaiolSarP_nsfall .
35 T
36 - IC1 Policy:
37 To ensure that the IC1 Gmup's operations are run in a manner acceptable to local
38 communities
39
40 Related MPI:
41 Total number of complaints received in a defined reporting period
42
43 NOTE The following MPls also relate to the above IC1Policy.
44
45 Goal:
46 Total compliance with local regulations wherever IC1 operates
47
48 Related MPls:
49 0 Percentage of tests versus the number of consents to emit to water that are totally in
50 compliance;
PAGE 91
1 0 Percentage of tests ve(sus the number of consents to emit to air that are totally in
2 compliance;
3 Number of prosecutions and the cost of penalties.
4
5 It is mandatory for each IC1 operating site to comply with local and national legislation and regulations
6 relevant to its location for the release of wastes and emissions to the environment. Each site reports its
7 percentage of compliance with permitted emission levels and an aggregated figure is then reported in the
8 Group environment report.
9
10 Goal:
11 To comply with ICl's world-wide standard for the construction of new plants
12
13 Related MPI:
14 List of plants m p l e t e d and under construction in a defined reporting period
15
16 NOTE IC1 requires that a new plant shall be built to standafds that will meet regulations
17 it can reasonably anticipate in the most environmentally demanding country in which it
18 has a plant that operates the same process as the new plant.
19
2Q
21
22
T:
To void any loss of containment and prevent any spills
23 Related MPI:
24 Number and geographic location of spills which could have or did cause public concem
25 or damage to the environment
26
27 Additional MPI with no related goal:
28 Estimated annual environmental expenditure
29
30 NOTE This MPI is an estimate because it is difficult to accurately identify that part of
31 expenditure, or revenue, which is purely for environmental purposes.
32
33 Operational performance indicators (OPls)
34
35 IC1 has selected 5 OPls related to specific goals for the year 2000 under the 'SHE Challenge 2000'
36 programme, and 8 which show trends but have a generalised non-specific objective such as waste
37 minimisation. 7 of the 13 selected OPls are derived using the EB approach.
38
39 ICl's wastes and emissions are from manufacturing equipment over which the company has direct or
40 indirect control. For example, reported carbon dioxide emissions will be generated by power stations
41 owned by IC1 and by power stations from which IC1imports electricity.
42
43 Objective:
44 To minimise waste
45
46 Related OPls:
47 total waste, in millions of tonnes, emitted to air, sent to landfill, or discharged to
48 water per year;
49 amount of hazardous waste, in thousands of tonnes, sent to landfill per year;
50 0 amount of non-hazardouswaste, in thousands of tonnes, sent to landfill per year;
51 amount of particulate, in thousands of tonnes, emitted to air per year,
PAGE 92
1 amount of non-process waste (e.g., buiiding rubble), in thousands of tonnes, sent to

2 landfill per year.
3
4 - - NOTE Wastes sent to landfill are contained and cannot be assessed by the EB
5 approach which deals specifically with unconfined releases into the environment.
6 Because it assesses potential harm, EB cannot be used to establish the impact of
7 wastes sent to landfill. This is because nothing should be sent to landfill unless it is
8 safe to do so. IC1 will therefore continue to report wastes sent to landfill, categonsed
9 as those considered hazardous and those considered non-hazardous.
10
11 The release of wastes and emissions to the environment are reported after treatment where IC1 has
12 contractual arrangements in place for the treatment of the waste streams. For example, at the IC1
13 Tioxide Huelva (Spain) facility an acidic solid waste, classified as hazardous when it leaves the site, is
14 neutralised into an inert waste at a nearby municipal treatment plant. This waste is reported as non-
15 hazardous becausethis is the state in which it is finally released for disposal.
16
17 Gopl:
18 To improve energy efficiency per tonne of produdion by 1OOh of the 1995 level by the
19 end of the year 2000
20
23 Ezel;rted.oQI:
22 Energy used per tonne of production as a percentage of 1995 usage per tonne of
23 production
24
25 OPis based on the Environmental Burden CEfQ approach
26
27 IC1 and its panel of international experts reviewed the company’s activities and identified a set of
28 intemationally recognised types of environmental impacts where the company’s various emissions to air
29 and water may exert an effect.
30
31 For gaseous emissions, the experts determined that relevant releases are those which have the
32 potential to cause:
33 0 atmospheric acidification;
34 global climate change;
35 0 human heatth effects;
36 ozone depletion; and
37 the creation of photochemical ozone (Le.%smop).
38
39 Under ’human health’, only carcinwenic effects, which are seen as important by local communities,
40 were specifically considered as opposed to other potential heatth effects that could also be analysed.
41
42 For discharges to water, IC1 identiied materials which have the potential to cause:
43 0 acidification;
44 0 aquatic oxygen demand; and
45 ecotoxicity to aquatic life (Le., either metals and their compounds or other substances dischaqpd to
46 water).
47
48 IC1 has selected aquatic acidification and aquatic oxygen demand because these are important to the
49 company’s operations and are issues of concem at the local and regional levels for some of their
50 businesses. Technical details of the selected environmental impact types, the substances IC1 includes in
51 each type, and their potency factors are described in the annex to this example.
lSO/TC 207BC 4 N295
DRAFT is0 TR 14032.2
PAGE 93
1
2 Technical details of the selected environmental impact types, the substances IC1
3 inctudes in each environmental impact fype, anbtheir potency factors are described in
4 the report Ynvironmentat Burden: The cct Approach" which is available on the IC1 w e b
5 --
sife af www.ici.com.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 IC1 has chosen to concentrate on these specific environmental impact types because they are important
22 to regulators and to the local communities in the vicinity of IC1manufacturing operations.
23
24 IC1 also monitors and reports on EB against the other three listed environmental impacts (j.e., gJobal
25 warming, ozone depletion and creation of photochemicalsmog) because the company believes they are
26 important to the nature of its operations. However, IC1 is a relatively small contributor, in both national
27 and global tenns, to these environmental impacts. The E6 information will be published in the annual
28 IC1Group SHE performance report.
29
30 Additional OPls(EB):
31 0 EB(globa1 climate change) measured in tonnes per year of carbon dioxide
32 equivalent emitted;
33 0 EB(ozone depletion) measured in tonnes per year of CFC-11 equivalent emitted;
34 0 EB(photochemica1 ozone) measured in tonnes per year of ethylene equivalent
35 - emitted.
36
38
39 Analysing and converting data for OPls(EB)
40
41 Developing each EB/OPI involved two additional steps following the identification of the set of 8
42 recognised environmental impact types upon which lCl's various emissions to air and to water could
43 have an effect.
44
45 First, a factor was assigned to each individual substance emilted which reflects the potency of its
46 possible impact.
47
48
49
50
lSO/TC 207/SC W G 3 N22
PAGE 94
1
2
3 Potency Factors
4
5 A-Fofency Factor (PFJ reffecfsffie potential o f an individuai emission fo confniufe fo a
6 parficufar fype o f environmentar impacf. Data generafed by independenf scientisfS,
7- generally published in peer- reviewed documents, has been used to defermine ffie most
8 appmpriafe PF for each individuat emission for each environmental‘ impad. Where
9 filere are no published numbels, CCtfiave faRen advloe from Bdxham Envilonmentaf
f0 Laborafory, Zeneca plc, fo provide fadors by anatogy wim informafion in fhe puMTc
TI domain.
f2
$3 One substance is designated as ffie baseline or standard for each type of envimnmenfat
74 impact and is given a P F of UNE. tn the case of afmospheni acidification, ffie Baseline
T5 substance is sulphur dioxide (See fhe annex to fhls exampk). The PFs for ffie other
16 subsfances involved are defermined by comparing their potency with fhe baseline
I? substance. So, for afmosphen’c aciMcafion, one fonne of ammonia has a greater
18 potenfiaito m a t e atmospheric aclicafi6n man one fonne ofsulphur &oxide and has a
l3 P Fof f.88. By contrasf, fhe same weighf’of nitrogen &oxide has a lower potential fo
20 cause atmospheric acidifitaKon fhan sufphur dioxim and ammonia, and ffierefore,
27 nitrogen dioxide has a lower PF o f 0.7;
22
23 Each substance emission has ffie pofenfiar fo affect one or more type of environmental
24 impad. For example, a suBsfance may cause photochemicalSmog and also have me
25 a b i w f6 deplete ozone. The substance’s potency, hence i€s PF, may vary according to
26 the parficular environmental impact under considerafiton.
27
28 m e calwlafion and appCicafibn ofthe potency factors are dem-bed in the annex to this
29 exampre.
30
31
32
33
34
35
35
37
38’
39
40
41 EB = v a K F a ) + (W6 X pF6) + (wc X PFc). . .
42
43 -where
44
45 -W is the weight in fonnes of each subsfance emission;
46
47
4a
49
a, b, or c . . . indicates a specific subsfance emission;
PF is me potency fador for me specific substance in relafion fo the

t
5u soecific fyDe o f environmentai impad under considemfion.
51
IsDn%2ausc-4
ISOKC 207tSC Mi3
D R A n IS0 TR 14032.2
PAGE 95
1 The EB approach presumes compliance and provides a measurement system for moving beyond
2 compliance. Other key points about the EB approach are:
3 0 Individual chemicals can be assigned to more than one type of environmental impact (e.g., ammonia
4 has an effect on both aquatic ecotoxicity and atmospheric acidity);
5 0 Ea& chemical has a specific potency factor for each type of environmental impact and these factors
6 can differ (e.g., benzene has a potency factor of 0.1 for aquatic ecotoxidty and a potency factor of
7 0.33 for creation of photochemicalsmog);
8 Each type of environmental impad has its own characteristicsand units of measurements.
9 Butdens for each type of envimnmental impact cannot be added together to give a total EE;it is not
10 appropriate since they are as different as "chalk and cheese".
11 EB does not address local issues such as noise and odour.
12
13 EB can be used:
14 0 to compare environmental performance with that of previous years;
15 0 to compare emissions with other aggregated sources that have the potential to cause environmental
16 effects, such as other sectors or natural sources; and
17 0 to set targets for improvement.
18
19 The model has been conceived so that IC1 can prioritise and focus its efforts on those areas of activity
20 which need most attention. IC1 is also mindful that this is a dynamic area in which there are many
21 developments, and is committed to ensuring that the system is flexible and can accommodate new
22 developmentswhere they are appropriate.
.
JSOffC 2071SC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207lSC PMlG 3 N22
1
2
3
4
5
8
7
8
4
10
fl-
t2 TABt.€.Ot
13 Weigtrtsa"cp-Emissions-
$4 ha- * Exampte 4JrrRbnvsptrafcrRcOdiCatiom
4-5
16
17 For atmospheric acidificatim, sulphur dioxide is the reference substance; the units of the
18 calculated burden are t m e s of sulptw dioxide aquivalent
19
20 ThirdLthe formula E B = (WaX ff) + (Wb X PFh) + @lc X PFc) . . . I is applied Using.
21 each substance to obtain the EB far atmospheric acidificatian:
22
23 EB = W s (20 X 1.88) + HCl(3 XM&)+ N(3a (4 X Q l O ) + SO2 (5 X 1.OO). = 48-04
24
25 i.e. the EB(atm0spheric of sulphur dioxide equivalent
is 48-04t~m
26
27 The EB changes if the group of substance- changes,even though. the overall
28 tonnage remains the s a m ~Far example,I the e " s of ammonia and nitmgan
29 - dioxide are transpad (i.&4 tannesof ammaoiaand2[1toones of nitrogen diaxide), the
30 total tonnage Os still 32 t m m s HcMla\ler, the ER will be = N& (4 X 1.&a) + HCI (3-X
31 0.88).+ NQ (20 X 0.70) + S Q X 1.00) = 2&z& iastEtad of 48.04.reflectinQalower
32 potential effect on a t m o s p h e t i c m'on brtbis ~ r r m of
o emissions.
33
34
35 Aggregated EB for an organization - a subjective calculation
36
37 It is inappropriate to add together the EB for each type of environmental impact [e.g., EB(globa1 dimate
38 change) + EB(ozone depletion)] to attempt to determine a total EB for the company. This is because
39 the scientific evaluation adopted to determine the E8 for each of the environmental impacts is different
40 and each EB is measured in different units. Although the natural sciences cannot provide a way to
41 aggregate different environmental impacts, it is possible that future developments in the social sciences
42 could yield weighting factors to enable aggregation. However, there is no generally accepted way to do
43 this at present.
44
.
ISOnC 207/SC 4 N295
lSO/TC 2071SC 4MlG 3 N22
PAGE 97
1 EB versus environmental Impact

2
3 The EB is a quantitative indicator of the extent to which emissions may exert an environmental effect. It
4 is quite distinct from environmental impact which is a change to the environment resulting from an
5 organization’s activities, products or senrices.
6
7 Some emissions may be destroyed immediately upon release and therefore never have an
8 environmental impact. Other substances may not persist long enough in their active state to cause the
9 adverse effect. For example, an effluent to water which has the potential to be toxic to fish may be
10 dispersed and diluted very quickly with the result that there is no impact on fish.
11
12 The EB approach enables IC1 to look at the full potentiai of its emissions to cause environmental
13 damage. IC1 and its panel of experts beJieve this approach to be conservative because it considers the
14 total contribution of the emissions and does not consider subsequent degradation or attenuating-factors
15 that might occur after substance release.
16
18
19 The results of EPE are widely reported both intemally and extemally in ICl’s annual Safety, Health and
20 Environmental Performance report. In addition to a targeted distribution of the report to opinion makers
21 and interested parties, the report is posted on the lntemet at http:/llvww.ici.com where a publication
22 describing ICl’s Environmental Buden approach is also available.
23
25
26 AdiustinsEB to accommodate divestment and acqyisitions
27
28 The continuingchange to ICl’s business profile can distort emissions data when measurements are being
29 compared to a past reference point. ICl’s emissions in 1995 will be the baseline for EB analysis. This
30 baseline will be adjusted followingan acquisition or divestment.
31
32 If a new business is acquired, the emissions from that business in 1995 will be added to
33’ ffie T995 EB fQures, thereby adjusng tRe EB baseliites. In subsequenf years, the
3a emissions from the new business witbe M M i n the same way as those derived from
3s Kt’S other businesses and fhe new business‘emissions fgures in a parficutar year win be
36 inclclded in the overafl EB anafysis f i r ma€ year. ff a business or part of a business is
3T SOW, the emissions relevanf fo ttiat’bushess wiitie removedfrom the 7995 6aselines
38 and w i n o t b mflecteciin subsequenf years.
39
40. The E 6 o f ptants which are closed’wii not be removedfiom the originat basetine since
41 sum CFosures are generally part o f a ratronalisafion programme designed to improve
42 ICl’s business and environmentat Derformance.
43
44 EB analysis - Future considerations
45
46 Raw materials
47
40 A future refinement of EB analysis could be to extend the approach to the use of raw materials. This
49 would enable IC1 to assess the best raw material options in terms of their potential EB.
50
PAGE 98
1 IC1 intends to begin to address the issue of resource use by measuring improvement in process
2 efficiency under its 'SHE Challenge 2000" programme.
3
4 Bulk hydrocarbons
- - and resource depletion
5
6 IC1 uses some hydrocarbons as fuel. These are evaluated in the E6 analysis under the global climate
7 change impact type as carbon dioxide emissions. However, there are considerable quantities of
8 hydrocarbons that are used as feedstocks which cannot be related to one of the selected types of
9 environmental impact. Therefore, IC1 is developing appropriate measures based on process conversion
10 efficiencies (Le., raw materials converted into products). This may lead to an index linking the tonnes of
11 oil, natural gas or coal used per tonne of end product manufactured.
12
13 Eutrophication
14
15 This is an environmental impact often used in Life Cycle Assessment studies to measure the potential
16 effed of a product or a process on an aquatic environment through the release of nutrients such as
17 nitrogen and phos@ionrs. IC1does not believe that its process emissions make a significant contribution
18 to this type of environmental impact, but IC1 will cany out further investigations and review this
19 assumption.
20
21 PaCtiUW&emissioys
22
23 Particles referred to as 'PMIOg particles &e., particulate matter that is less than 10 microns in diameter)
24 are attracting growing attention within the environmental community. Currently, IC1 has l i l e data on
25 these emissions and is unable to assess their potential impact. IC1 will continue to keep this under
26 review. In the meantime, IC1will continue to report the weight of emission of particulates to air, primarily
27 from its combustion plants.
28
29 Smtem boundaries
30
31 The present scope of the EB proiect is defined primarily to include wastes and emissions that result from
32 the IC1 Group activities. It is possible that these could be extended to include:
33 0 provision of raw materials;
34 0 disposal at waste treatment facilities; and
35 useofproduds.
36
37 Individual businesses are already addressingboundaries both up and down the production chain using
38 Life Cycle Assessment techniques.
39
40 Airborne toxics
41
42 ICl's current approach is to concentrate on the important issue of airbome carcinogens. IC1 recognises
43 that there are other health issues associated with air quality standards and are monitoring developments
44 closely.
45
46 Similar approaches by other organizations
47
48 IC1 is aware of a similar approach to Environmental Burden being undertaken by other companies,
49 including Dow Chemical Company in Europe (see reference dowment #1 in the Bibliography of this
50 example), and in the USA. IC1 intends to continue comparing its EB approach to other E6
.
lSO/TC 207BC 4 N295
lSOmC 207/SC4MIG 3 N22
ClRAm.ISQT1B
1 methodologies to ensure that IC1 continues to apply contemporary best practice in assessing and
2 reducing the potential environmental impact of its wastes and emissions.
3
- -
5
6 The environmental aspects of IC1 are complex, therefore, it has selected a combination of 20 indicators
7 for EPE to provide a comprehensive evaluation of environmental performance relative to such aspects.
8 IC1 has been developing its EPE process since 1990, when it first set tafgets for environmental
9 improvement. The selected indicators reflect the nature and scale of ICl's operations to enable the
10 company and its interested patties to monitor progress towards environmental objectives. 7 of the 13
11 selected OPl's are derived using the Environmental Burden approach.
12
13 IC1 and its scientific review panel believe that the Environmental Burden approach is an informative and
14 scientifically sound way to quantify the environmental performance of a company which operates world-
15 wide, and hence to set and monitor targtts for improvement. It draws on developments in environmental
16 science to estimate potential environmental impacts, rather than merely stating quantities of wastes and
17 emissions. The indicators are selected to focus on the environmental aspects of the company's activities
18 that are the most significant and capable of improvement.
19
20 The Environmental Burden approach is consistent with the guidance in IS0 14031. IC1 and its scientific
21 review panel believe il may assist other companies in the process industries or companies in other
22 sectors as a valuable tod to develop environmental performance evaluation both for intemal
23 environmental management and for extemal reporting. It provides a vehicle for training within a
24 company, and for ensuring consistency of reporting.
25
26 More details on the Environmental Burden Approach are contained in the report 'Environmental Burden:
27 The IC Approach", and in ICl's Safety, Health and Environment reports which are available on the IC1
28 web site at www.ici.com.
29
30
31
32 If you have questions or require additional information regarding this example, please contact the United
33 Kingdom member organization of ISO:
34
35 British Standards Institution (BSI)
36 389 Chiswick High Road
37 GB-London W4 4AL U.K.
38 Telephone: 44 181 996 90 00
39 Fax: 44 1M- 996.24 00
40 E-mail: info@bsi.ofg.uk
41
lSO/TC 207ISC 4 N295
lSO/TC 207/SCW G 3 N22
DRAE‘E ISQIB-1
T2
PAGE 100
1 EXAMPLE P
2 CITY OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USA
3 (A large city with over 530,000 residents and approximately 10,000 city employees, illustrating the
4 implementation
- . of EPE and the use of indicators for EPE by a local govemment)
5
6 Introduction
7
8 The city of Seattle, Washington is at the center of the largest metropolitan area in the Pacific Northwest
9 region of the United States of America. The City has over 530,000 residents and the surrounding
10 suburban areas bring the total population in the greater Seattle area to over 3 million residents. Of
11 particular concem in the Seattle area is maintenance of the historically high quality of the region’s air and
12 water, currently under pressure from tremendous population growth in the area. Related to these
13 cOncems Is the protection of the unique wildlife in the region such as the bald eagle population and
14 spawning migration routes of salmon.
15
16 To serve the needs of the local residents, the C i engages in diverse business operations which employ
17 approximately 10,000 people in 21 departments. In the normal muse of operations, City employees are
18 engaged in a wide variety of activities that have the potential to impact the environment. For example,
19 C i s operations include:
20 0 utility service operation (e.g., electricity, water supply, wastewater treatment);
21 park maintenance and operation;
22 0 construction activities;
23 0 transportation services;
24 0 office building and entertainment facility operation and maintenance;
25 0 general administrative activities.
26
27 The leaders of the City government and City management wish to build on this tradition by implementing
28 a program which demonstrates continual improvement in the environmental performance area. The Ciy
29 has chosen to use the IS0 14000 series of standards as a guide for this effort. However, the City has in
30 place an environmental management system based on IS0 14001, but is not seeking certification at this
31 ye.
32
33 PlanningEPE
34
35 The City of Seattle is wmntly undertakinga multiyear, citywide, environmental management initiative.
36 The objective of the initiative is to improve the environmental performance of the C i ’ s operations by
37 developing and implementing appropriate environmental management programs. In addition to using
38 the IS0 series of standards as a guideline, the City also plans to incorporate other beneficial concepts
39 into environmental program development ce.a%guidance from Natural Step, the World Resources
40 Institute pNRI], and the Global Environmental Management lnitiitive [GEMII). In order to create both a
41 mechanism for measuring environmental pmmm performance and a tool for to support continual
42 improvement, the C i has chosen to implement environmental performance evaluatlon (EPE), using
43 IS0 14031, as well 8s WRI and GEM1 concepts, as a guide.
44
45 Selecting-indicatorsfor EPE
46
47 The focus of the current initiative is on City operations, in other words, the environmental aspects
48 associated with the actual operation of the C i y as would be indicated by measurement of management
49 performance indicators (MPls) and operational performance indicators (OPls). However, as a city,
50 Seattle does have some influence over the environmental performance of its citizens and, thus, they
51 must also consider environmental condition indicators (ECls) as defined in IS0 14031. While the focus
ISO/TC 2071SC W G 3 NZZ
DRAFT IS0 TR 140322
PAGE 101
1 of the current initiative is on City operations, another existing City initiative has developed a set of ECls,
2 which are measured periodically and reported to the public. Therefore, it was important to develop the
3 performance metrics (MPls and OPls) for the current initiative within the context of the existing City-wide
4 ECls and to delineate a dear linkage between the two types of metrics. Figure 1 illustrates the linka es
5 using the actual indicators developed as examples. 3
6
7 The indicators for EPE development process started with a discussion by an in-house team of
8 environmental professionals familiar with the environmental aspects and impacts of City operations.
9 This group was supported throughout the process by an outside consultant. The work of the in-house
10 team was reviewed by a kcal "Oversight Group," which was organised to provide guidance and insight to
I1 city environmental activities. This gmup was composed of local environmental specialists representing
12 various interested parties and perspectives. Repmssentativesin the Oversight Group included individuals
13 from seven major C i departments, a regulatory agency, environmental activist groups, a large
14 company located in the area, the University of Washington, and other local interested parties.
15
16 In selecting indicators, the in-house team first identified the criteria that would guide indicator selection.
17 The criteria for the initial selection of indicators for EPE were that they should be:
18 0 relevant to environmental concems of gmatest importance, such as global climate change, loss of
19 forests, local air or water quality;
20 of interest and relevance to key interested parties of the C i of Seattle (e.g.%employees, citizens,
21 City Council);
22 0 relatively easy to measure and collect;
23 easy to understand;
24 0 have the potential to generate cost savings to the City;
25 0 broadly applicable across City departments.
26
27 The in-house team underwent a brainstorming process to identify indicators that met the criteria
28 identified. The initial set of indicators to be utlised is indicated in Table P2. To begin, they determined
29 that the City should focus on operational performance indicators (OPls). This was considered by the City
30 to be the most important type of indicator because this type of metric tracks actual environmental results,
31 the amount of the environmental load placed by City operations on the environment. Management
32 performance indicators (MPls), which measure programs that are expected to improve performance on
33 the identified OPls, will be added following adoption and implementation of the OPls. Ultimately, the
34 need to improve performance on the OPls wilt drive the management programs, which should be
35 implemented at the departmental level.
36
37 Having identified an initial set of indicators, an Issue Paper was then developed which described the EPE
38 process in general, indicator development, and the initially-selededindicators. The paper was circulated
39 to key interested parties for comment and critical input was incorporated into the final draft. For
40 example, based upon input from key interested parties, it was decided to initially set only a couple of
41 explicit targets for improvement on OPls. The Oversight Croup felt that initially the City should focus on
42 gathering the data and establishing performance trends. Additional "hard" goals will follow.
kldlJkE P1
City of Sdattle Iddikafoh tor €@E
EnvirdnrhehtalIberformarlcd lrldieatofs
MblS Eels
Ekarhpler dateriels u i e Exanipibr

0 frdinihg; 0 Pdpet pzlrchaies; A Recyclihg volude Water quktitb;
0 Auditd; 0 Ctienk&l use; Air quality;
0 F&ility 0 Use 6f environmenthlly free covera$e;
Investmdntd. prbfeiable brduMs. 0 dalthoh rMutn
tb strdms.
Enetgpdathr horlsdmbtibn
0 EnetQywse; Ehergy us8 per Csgitd;
0 Wirtet ube; I Watbr use pdr &&a;
cdnseniatibn Fuelus9 Commute tribs ber capitb;
prograrhs. 6 Thnsit ridershi#.
\Aladte sttedm
0 Solid d s t d gdndrated;
Hdzakdddus waste
geheratdd,
0 Green Waste QenereteU
dthk kearures
0 Regulatory vlolations/fines;
0 Facility site visits;
0 Compliance assessments.
Habitat ptotkfion (a Impact trees pldnthd

, . r
1 .
City of Sdattle Seathe as a SeattlQand

bpbrdti&nL whole regional
erlvitohnlerft
IdOlTU 207& 4 N2bS
'
t60Kk 207kd 4 h39 Nh2

4
DRAFT IS6 l'R 14b3A.2
dA&E 103
Prbposed SCt bf lndicatbrd

+ABLE
fdr PE tor the kity hf t2 belittle
CtOhfINUALLY IMPdOVE EhVIRbMMENTAL PgRkORMANCE

I , , . 1 l I . . . . , L
\ 4 Re$utatdry Violdtidns Zerb vlolhtibnci ahd Redudioh in VariouS OIeritrAl dffike

0 kutnder of viblatiohst fihek. fiheb dompilesl dbta; no
kutnder of fide$ Zrrrb uhcbnfdled dhange ih lbght
~ = O bf
U fines: r&lebsces. rbpbrtind stru&ute
, I , , , , , e huhQer, of,re)edse,s. : , , I , , . ! .
Fdciilty site visits:

0 50 phrceni id
1999;
0 SO percent id
L - l : 2 ! . e ! . b
,20,00,.
' , , ,
J eotn6liancbAssesst~ledts 1bo pdrcbnt

Cotrectibe aotiohs completed cbrredivi actibnl;
cbdpl6ted dn
rsond zo?f&c 4 ~ 2 5 5
t h T C 2DflSC 4hrvb 3 N P P
D h P T IS0 TR 1403d.2
PAGE 104
i~kd~t
FQd D191'A
. . . 1 i : 1, COLLECT~ON
'
Trend: ddwn fbr Reduction in: Reduction in: Baseline data to bc
Rbducd Pblllrtidn at Quantity of hazijrcioufjmaterials pltrdhases and 0Hazardous * Landfill or ottler gathered in 1999;
putchased1 epp!icatldns; up for mhterials itispa&ii; All debaftdents hi
Number of pmdbds phdsdd but; products phased out purchase costs; B kmptoyeelpublic g'athet data; .
B huantitJ o# pbsticihe applied. Disposal costs; exposum; Centra! offike wilt
Stbragd CQSt6; D Fckidental releases; aompite & dnatybe
Ribk cobs; 0 kon-boiht Source
0 Rdcdrd keepind telbabe9.
costsl. Idtptovededt ih:
B Air qdality;
i . t . 1 . B WdterqGa~ity,. , . 8 .
HAdrdoub \ivaaiQen'erked * Trerld: ddwn faeductioh ih: RBdOdiorl irl: Cehtrdt dffite
B buantitd 01 weste tlispobetl Waste ( l i s p 1 dompiled data
B host bf wa30 dlspbsbd and bomp iahcd
cost$
Hdzdrdbu$
mhterials
. * I
ketjubibn in: QPU

RBducd PbllCltit5n at W i d e dispobal B land Convdttdd to
costs !andfitts;
Methane gas
emissions;
b Energy to transport
: . : , . ' ? , waste. . .
Gheen ~ i s t (io
8 be added in ~OOO). Trend: ddwn Reductioh ih: RBd6ction id: CeNral dffibe
Quantity ol gteeen waMe 0 D i b p b d dosts; 'knef$y to irahspol? compiled ditta.
Commer'cidlly recycled 6r disboSed b Pdrcha$e of fnrlterial to disposdl
comrhekiil bites;
mulcheb; bdour at off-site
Wbtdr use bohposting
(irtightion). tadlitled.
. ' . .
Trend: down
0 Quantity pbruhased
-
r # . t l I : * I '
Use of Envitonmdnthlly Prefereble Trend: up ESO

Products (ee.g.,rekydld dil) (bo% tecjtc~eciis FleetsfPurdhasing
0 Quantity of oil used; cttrrknt gbal)
Petcqntagh,of oil used that id
tedyclecf pcoduc$. * , , I , ! ! , , , I S . . . . %
E(te&y Used id City Fdcilitids Trend: Uown Redudioh Ifi be

0 Fablity bnhqjy use;
0 Total cokt of bnbr$y.

ehetgq cbstb
0
P attrrlents
601 ect ahd
report oh
~uildi~g~a~ili~y
Bndrgy use;
0 Linlit Bnalysis 16
tepre$etitativ&
buildings/
I . , . I I . , . , faclliti,es, . ,
J W x $ y Used by the City Fleet Dibtance tkavelled Reductioh in Rbdhdioh id: 0 ESb collects
bidtancb travelled by v6hiCle (non to be reducetf by k energy costs 0 Air ehidsidnd that data;
publiC sdtfety); percent by 2602; Contribute to Dtdbal 0 Central office
Distance travelled In alternative 0 Distance travelled warming and compiles and
fuelled vehicles; in alternative pollution; analyses data;
Quantity of gasoline and diesel fuel fuelled vehicles to 0 Use of non-
us&; be increased by X renewable natural

Averrlgd vehicle fuel efficiency. percent by 2602 tesources
(non publib safety); lmprovdmbnt in:
0 Ghsdline us6 to 0 Air quality
BENEF~T'S , ., , ,
Reduction in Reduction in waste Departments

0 Quantity of watQrwsdd water and sewer water to be collect and
cbsts trkated; report on
increased water in buildinglfacility
stream; water use;
0 Improvedwater 0 Cehtral Mice
q0ality. Compile4 ahd
dndlyses data;
0 Lirrtit bnalysis to
repreferttafive
buildihg4/fdcilitid
*b
lSO/TC 207iSC 4 N281
lSO/TC 2071sC 4#UG 3 N13
PAGE 107
1 Future implementation steps and activities

2
3 step 1
4
5 The first implementation step will be the establishment of tracking mechanisms by all City departments
6 to determine their performance on the initial indicator set identified under the indicator column in Table
7 P2.
8
9 step 2
10
11 The second implementation step, beginning in 1999 will include:
12 1. setting additional explicit goals for improved performance on OPls;
13 2. consideration of management performance indicators (MPIs) which might drive the OPls and
14 consideration of additional OPls as noted in Table 1 'Yo be considered later."
15 3. reporting of environmental results to employees and citizens on a biennial basis through a Corporate
16 Environmental Report (CER).
17
18 step 3
19
20 The third step will involve consideration of new ECls for the City as a whole. These would be developed
21 jointly with the Strategic Planning office and other interested departments, and would expand the set of
22 ECls already identied in 'Seattle's Comprehensive Plan (OMP, 1996)" within the context of the
23 performance targets set for City operations.
24
26
27 EPE provides a useful tool for the City of Seattle to encourage continual environmental performance
28 improvement across a diverse group of City departments and operations. Furthermore, it provides the
29 basis for the communication of the C i s environmental performance to key interested parties through
30 the development of periodic environmental reports.
31
32
33
34 If you have questions or require additional information regarding this example, please contact the USA
35 member organization of ISO:
36
37 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
38 1IWest 42 Street
39 NewYOFk, NY 10036 USA
40 Telephone: 212 642 4900
41 Fax: 212 398 0023
42 E-mail: scomish@ansi.org
4
-4.
lSOmC 2071SC W G
PAGE 108
- 1 EXAMPLE Q
2 SILICON VALLEY ENVlRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIP, CALIFORNIA, USA
3 (A non-profrt, non-govemmental organization using environmental condition indicators to track regional
4 environmental conditions)
5
6 Introduction
7
8 The Silicon Valley Environmental Partnership (SVEP), a non-profa organization based in the Silicon
9 Valley region of Califomia, United States of America, has developed a comprehensive set of
10 environmental condition indicators designed to track regional progress toward environmental
11 sustainability. The project goals aFe to present objective, fact-based information which increases the
12 understanding of environmental trends and supports more informed decision-making by Silicon Valley's
13 elected officials, companies, and the general public.
14
15 SVEP is an initiative launched by Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network, a publioprivate non-emfit
16 organization that acts on issues affecting economic vitality and quality of life in Silicon Valley. SVEP
17 promotes envimnmentallysound business and community practices through collaboration and education.
18 SVEP is govemed by a twelve-person Board of Directors representing business, govemment,
19 environmentalists, education, and research. SVEP focuses on efforts that bridge the traditional "tension'
20 between the environment and the economy, demonstrating that both goals can be achieved in a mutually
21 supportive fashion to move the communitytoward sustainable development.
22
23 With a population of more than 2.2 million people, SVEPs service area includes Santa Clam County
24 plus adjacent portions of San Mateo County, Alameda County, and Scoots Valley in Santa CNZ County.
25 Silicon Valley is situated between the San Francisco Bay on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west.
26 The region's natural communities range from salt water and fresh water marshes to scrub brush, foothill
27 woodlands, and coniferous forest. The hillsides sumoundinQand within the valley are an extensive land
28 resoume devoted to non-uhan uses such as watershed, rangelands, and wildlife habitat. The San
29 Francisco Bay, adlacent marshlands, riparian habitats, and open space are particularly important to the
30 region.
31
32 SVEP does not have an environmental management system (EMS) in place, but rather is developing
33 regional environmental condition indicators, in part, to assist organizations in identifying aspects and
34 developing their own EMS.
35
36 Planning EPE
37
38 SVEP-has been in the process of developing comprehensive environmental condition indicators since
39 early 1997. A draft set of indicators were selected in October 1998, with the first publication of them
40 scheduled for mid-1999. A firm believer in the tenet that mat gets measured gets managed', SVEP
41 embarked upon this in an effort to address gaps in public understanding of environmental issues, as
42 identified in national surveys and discussions with local leaders.
43
44 The draft indicators were selected to gauge trend performance on local environmental issues, as well as
45 to measure Silicon Valley's contribution to global environmental conditions. Using a risk-based approach
46 to identify categories of indicators, SVEP focused its indicators on those issues ranked as relatively high
47 risk by the Saence Advisory Boad to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. SVEP also
48 considered local issues and risks specific to the Silicon Valley region. Data has been gathered for a total
49 of 39 draft indicators spanning the following eight categories:
50 0 Species and habitats;
51 0 Resource use and waste;
52 0 Greenhouse gas emissions;
53 0 Stratospheric ozone depletion;
54 0 Airquality;
55 0 Water quality:
'b
ISOKC 207JSC 4 N281
ISOKC 207lSC 4iW6 3 N13
PAGE 109
1 0 Hazardous materials; and

2 e Human population.
3
5
6 Table Q1 provides a few examples of specific indicators along with a description of why they. were
7 chosen for the draft set, and some possible links to an organization's activities.
8
9
ZQ TARLE-W
11 Examples of SVEP Draft Indicators
12 (Incomplete List)
13
Draft ECls I Why Was The Indicator I Possible Linkages to
t Chosen?- Organizations
Percentage o f South San Contamination in San Francisco - Local organizafions may want fo
Francisco Bay wafer samples Say is ofregionarimporfance. . assess the exfenf to which fiieir
exceeding guidelines for TTssues of some Ksfi activities contniuteto

specific contaminants of popurarons have exceeded discharges or emissions o f
wncem due to bioaccumulation contaminanf threshords, . organic chemicak such as
or effects. prompfiing fiealffi a&isories for Pblychlorinafedgi-phenyls
human consumpfion. (PCBS) and Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace
metals incruding mercury,
selenium, and cadmium.
Proportion of Silicon Valley Due to recently improved Since brake pads are the major
stream samples exceeding control of point-source pollution, contributor to non-point sources
~
acute water quality objectives attention has shifted to non- of copper in Silicon Valley,
for total copper, zinc, and lead. point source poliution as a . organizations may want to
source of local water quality asses their activities geared
problems. toward encouraging altematives
to single-occupant vehicle use,
' such as mass transit or
telecommuting.
Number of unresolved fuel leak Leaks in underground fuel tanks An organization may wish to
I
cases in Santa Clara County can impact groundwater quality, keep track of the number of
and Scotts Valley. which is significant since Silicon cases of leaking underground
Valley relies on groundwater for storage tanks generated by its
half of its drinking water supply. activities or the activities of its
suppliers.
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) As the center of the world's Organizations may wish to
chemicals released into Santa high-technology industry, this develop operational
Clara County's local indicator tracks the progress of performance indicators
environment. Silicon Valley companies in measuring their emissions of
preventing pollution. . Toxic Release Inventory
I chemicals.
Amount of pesticides used per I Pesticides represent a potential Organizations may decide to
year in Santa Clara county; source of poliution intolocal track their use of pesticides for
arranged as most toxic streams and San Francisco Bay. landscaping. Agriculturally-
pesticides versus all others. . related organizations might
develop operational
.performance indicators
measuring their use of

. pesticides for crops, or the use
, of pesticides by their suppliers
-
ISOlfC 207ISC
PAGE 110
Draft ECls Why Was The Indicator Possible Linkages to

Chosen7 Organizatrons
of livestock feed.
Number of species, federally or . Santa Clara County has been Organizations may want to
state listed as endangered, identified as an endangered consider habitat issues when
threatened, or species of species "hot spot" in the United they locate and design new
concem, which ocwr, or may be . States. A "hot spot" is defined facilities and landscape existing
affected by projects, in Santa as consisting of more than 8 facilities.
Clara County. The indicator endangered species per county.
shows cumulative listings bsed
on the date first listed.
Total water use in Santa Clara Much of Califomia is arid, Organizations may develop
County. creating competition for scarce indicatorsto measuretheir
water supplies. Water water use for manufacturing,
conservation neduces Silicon office uses, and landscaping.
Valley's reliance on imported
water supplies and relieves
pressure on endangered fish
species. Water is an important
component of Silicon Valley's
high technology industries.
Acres of particular wetland types South Bay tidal salt marshes, Organizations may assess the
in South San Francisco Bay. which have been substantially extent to which their operations,
reduced since vast human suppliers, wastewater
settlement in the late 1700's, discharges, and facility locations
provide habitat to endangered impad wetland habitats.
and threatened species. -
Estimatedtons of carbon I This indicatortracks Silicon Organizations can develop
emissions per year in Santa Valley's contribution to global indicatorsto measuretheir
Clara County from climate change. annual energy use, as well as
transportation and energy utility the estimated carbon emissions
sources. from raw materials
procurement, product use and
distribution, and employee
transportation to and from the
worksite.
Number of days per year that Ambient air pollutants can Since transportation accounts
Silicon Valley air quality fails to -contributeto numerous health . for over half of the Bay Area's
meet'federal and state problems and affect regional . air pollution, organizations may
standards for ozone and regulatory status. . opt to measure attributes of their
particulate matter of 10 microns employee tripredudion
or less (PM 10). programs.
Silicon Valley's human A growing human population . To the extent thatjatrgrOwth
papulation. intreases stress on natural contributesto local increases in
res~u1w3esand ecosystems. . population, organizations may
~ wish to consider how they miaM
. play a role in ensuring
sustainable use and
conservation of resources such
. as water and open spaceband
reducing transportation-related
environmental impacts.
1
2 While'all of the indicators represent measures of regional environmental performance, each indicator
3 falls into one of the following five categories, measuring:
-?
ISOKC 2071SC 4 N281
ISOKC 207/SC W G 3 N13
PAGE 111
1 1. Inputs or resource use;

2 2. Outputs or waste streams;
3 3. Habitat integrity including quality, quantity or ambient concentrations;
4 4. Species integoty including quality or quantity; or
5 5. "Leading" indicators that track activities which influence one or more of the previous four categories.
6
7 For a single facility, some of the indicators in the table above would be more accurately described as
8 OPls according to the guidance in I S 0 14031. However, in the context of the work being done by SVEP,
9 the indicators are in fact being used to measure regional environmental condition.
10
11 Although the majority of indicators are direct measures (i.e., Totall), in some cases SVEP decided to
12 depict both total measures as well as normalised per-capita. Per-capita trends are important for gauging
13 the region's overall efficiency independent of population growth. However, despite the value of per-
14 capita trend data, it alone can mask areas needing improvement from an aggregate regional
15 perspective. For example, water use may have declined by 10 percent per-capita, but the human
16 population may have doubled over the same time period, resulting in increased water use overall. Since
17 environmental sustainabiliy is a function of the region's total "ecological footprint" relative to carrying
18 capacity, "total" indicators may be better than "per-capita" indicators in tracking this information.
19
21
22 Collecting-data
23
24 Initial brainstorming on potential indicators and data availability was accomplished by extensively
25 interviewing experts, reviewing scientific publications and other technical literature, reading local media
26 coverage, and exploring information on the Intemet. Because the indicators are focused on depicting
27 trends over time, data will be updated annually where available. Data collection is executed by a team
28 of student intems and industry volunteers led by a lead researcher affiliated with SVEP. Data is supelied
29 by dozens of organizations including local, regional, state, and federal govemment agencies, non-profit
30 groups, local pollution control plants, universities, companies, and industly trade associations. In cases
31 where data is not available for the entire Silicon Valley, Santa Clara County is used as a proxy since it
32 contains roughly threequarters of Silicon Valley's pop-ulation.
33
34 A 16-member Advisory Board was established to provide strate& oversigw and technical assistance to
35 the indicators project. To ensure a collaborative, multi-perspective approach, the Advisory Board has
36 balanced representationfrom business, the environmental community, govemment, and academia. This
37 combination enables rigorous quality control and the ability to factor diverse perspectives into
38 development of the indicators and outreach tools.
39
40 Analysinqdata
41
42 While most of the indicators show trend lines over time, in some cases data was not available to support
43 this type of indicator. In these instances information may be portrayed using Geographical Information
44 System (GIs) mapping,statistics showingprformance at a single point in time, or qualitative narratives.
45 Where applicable, limitationsto the data are clearly described. The project team also compiled a "wish
46 list" of indicators for which data was not presently available, but to whichfuture research effort would be
47 directed.
48
50
51 Each indicator is accompanied by a concise narrative, using language which is understandable by the
52 general public, which describes "why is this important?" and "How are we doing?" An effort is made to
53 explain how environmental performance relates to economic vitality and quality of life. Linkages
54 between indicators are also highlighted to demonstrate the importance of using a multi-media approach
55 to environmental decision-making. For instance, linkages show how water consumption can impact fish
lSO/TC 207/SC4/WG 3 N13
* 1 populations, or how a gasoline additive to clean the air has inadvertently contaminated the groundwater.
2 Prior to publication, all indicator data and associated analysis is reviewed and edited by the organization
3 supplying the data.
4
5 Reportinqand Communicating
6
7 The infomation compiled in the Silicon Valley Environmental Indicators is targeted to multiple ~ r o u p s
8 including leaders in business, govemment, the community, education, and the media, as well as to the
9 general public. A concise report with graphics and text will be distributed widely to these audiences, and
10 the information will be posted on the SVEP lntemet web site at httP:/!w.sveD.org. Public
11 presentations will be held to feature each year's findings, and press releases will be issued to the media.
12
13 The Silicon Valley Environmental Indicators are a tool to help organirations and individuals in Silicon
14 Valley understand and manage environmental issues. information generated from the indicators can
15 help companies and other organizations to identii their environmental aspects and evaluate their
16 environmental performance. For example, a regional manufacturing trade association has used the
17 information to measure local companies' progress towad pollution prevention. Also, a publioprivate
18 consortium led by business, govemment, and community leaders is incorporating some of the
19 infomation from the Silicon Valley Environmental Indicators into a community-based effort to develop a
20 "vision" of Silicon Valley for the year 2010.
21
23
24 Feedback from end-users will be solicited and fadored into future updates of the Silicon Valley
25 Environmental Indicators. The desirability and feasibility of using the indicators to positively influence
26 policy decisions will also be considered, recognisingthatthe goals of 'education and awareness-building"
27 are related to, but distinct from, 'influencing policy'. Further, future research effort will be devoted to the
28 "wish list" of additional indicators for which data or resources were not readily available. Examples of
29 these indicators include:
30 0 acres of impervious surfaces in Silicon Valley;
31 pollutants in tap water;
32 0 proportion of intact (or well-functionin@ riparian habitat in Santa Clara County; and
33 0 proportion of South Bay water bodies meeting all designated uses.
34
36
37 The Silicon Valley environmental condition indicators highlight regional success stories that offer
38 encouragement and inspiration, and pinpoint priority areas that need improvement. Annual updates
39 keep the region accountable for environmental performance improvements and enable evaluation of
40 long-term progress.
41
42
43
44 If you have questions or require additional information regardingthis example, please contad the USA
45 member otganization of ISO:
46
47 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
48 11 West 42 Street
49 New Yo&, NY 10036 USA
50 Telephone: 212 042 4900
51 Facsimile: 212 398 0023
52 E-mail: scomish@ansi.org
53
ISOITC 207/SC 4 N281
ISO/TC 207/SC W G 3 N13
PAGE 113 .
1 BIBLIOGRAPHY
2
3 IS0 14001:1996
4 Environmental management systems - Specificationwith guidance for use.
5
6 IS0 14004:1996
7 Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting
8 techniques.
9
10 I S 0 14010:1996
11 Guidelines for environmental auditing - General principles.
12
13 IS0 14011:1996
14 Guidelines for environmental auditing - Audit pmcedures - Auditing of environmental management
15 systems.
16
17 IS0 14031:1999
18 Environmental management - Environmentalperformance evaluation - Guidelines.
19
211
21
22
-7
Environment I management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework.
23 IS0 14041:1999
24 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Life cycle inventory assessment.
25
26 I S 0 14042:199X
27 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Impact assessment.
28
29 IS0 14043:199X
30 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Interpretation.
31
32 tsL11405QLlW
33 Environmental management - Vocabulary.
34

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TO: SubTAG 4 Members

See you in Atlanta!

DEADLINEFORRETURN: April 9,1999

DESIGNATION. Iso/l[1R14032 Environmental Management -

6 2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 6

6 3 FORMAT FOR THE EXAMPLES PROVIDED IN THIS IS0 TECHNJCAL REPORT

1 EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING EPE AND THE USE OF I S 0 14031

-andenergy consumption accounf for a greaf share - '

- o fproducfhon costs, and are merefore analysed

Significant Environmental Aspects I Management Status

rsystematically recorded over a long period of time.

-.Comparisonswith other breweries is a traditional

the master brewer and

6 Raw materials Main products

Reasons for Choice of Indicator

MPI mas - anbRebWon to EnvironmentarPirlicy,

Implementation of policies and programmes

Objwwe: implementation of action plans

, To promote the WECO objectives

“plaints fmmneighbouk regarding

Reasons for Choice of Indicator

(SBEQ: Kilograms of washing chemicals, WCO-target reduction of the

E To estimate the consumption of water for t

. Number of auxiliary products containing . E - To estimate rate of phaseout of

. CSBEQ: Volume in cubic metres and cost in

(SaEaL Quantitv in kilogramsat

Reasons for Choice of Indicator

To promote the WECO-objectives

Percentage of re-circulated water used F

Reasons for Choice of Indicator

Objective: reduction of the environmental

k-beseecrasa part of-theWE€O-

Discharge of residual latex Heatth-related problems for workers

Addition of sulphur pwder during

Mixing of ammaaia--ed latex.

indi\rir(llnla.Qe., number of p&ntiaLcause of pmt-

c Ckmgesin the quality of S c H i a S e - w c I F-eFevakrati against

0 Boxopeningprocess es from packaging materials (e.g.

from washing, segregating garbage

Seasoning and compression processes

rbon dioxide (within the plant) 1,806 tonnes 95%

Usage of paper for packaging materials

Usage of plastics for packaging materials OPI 128 tonnes 90%

1 The solvents recycling program has four stages:

lncinerafion 0.65 ,228;Ow - -

Total. . ateaon. ~ 13fi,4Qa uSd4m

. unresolved corrective - certification process

OPlS unit Approach, Comments or

Cubic meters per tonne

ECls Unit Approach, Comments or

RafTonate for Past 3to 4 Yiirs

1 - Recycling quota (volume of recyclable materials in relation to total waste volume).

Eniiironmental Aspect Environmental Performance MPI(s) I

OPI 1995 1996 1997 Targets for

Packaging in kilograms per tonne - 615.4 570.1 564.2 560

1 1. The use of environmentally-friendly technologies enables us to minimise harmful effects on the

s u r p f i m acid Sulphur trioxide Surphur frioxide t2;2 "rams Per tonne

Organic dyes production Dust emissions to air

- dust emissions after cubic meter of air meter of air in August

ling the Rail Infrastructure

Operating and Klaintainingthe RaiLInfrastructure

Planning and Managing Traffic on ' le Rail Network

1 the standard's three categories (management performance indicators, operational Performance