INTRODUCCIÓN

The agricultural revolution has been increasing over the years, which is why mechatronics has
been their fundamental pillar for these innovations. Innovation plays a critical role in achieving
competitive and sustainable agriculture that has been the key for many high-scale and
medium-scale farmers; because it has helped them optimize time and work in their agriculture.

Innovations in agriculture have implemented mechatronic systems that have been a fusion of
science and technology, which were developed taking into account three important aspects in
agriculture such as the incidence of agricultural pests in changes in production systems, the
role of agrochemicals and pesticide distribution techniques; to gain relevance in increasing the
yield of agricultural crops, which over time tend to improve production, being able to have a
key element of competitiveness and that also makes use of technologies.

An example of a technological advance is the use of solar energy for greenhouses, and that
through sensors and actuators it has been able to have an appropriate monitoring of humidity
levels in order to conserve hybrid resources.

History of innovations in the agricultural sector

Technological innovation

It can be defined as the application of new ideas, scientific knowledge aimed at the
development, production and marketing of new or improved products or services, the
reorganization or improvement of productionprocesses. Over the years innovation has been
both electronic and mechanical on both occasions this has been given separately but the idea
of implementing innovation technologies is to increase these areas as the electronics
mechanics for a combination of technology that is in farmers' profits.

Innovation

Innovation is the implementation of something new or improved (whether technology or

otherwise) in products (goods or services), processes, marketing or organizational methods. In
other words, it means applying ideas, knowledge or practices that are new to a particular
context with the purpose of creating positive change that will provide a way to meet needs,
take on challenges or seize opportunities. Such novelties and useful changes could be
substantial (a large change or improvement) or cumulative (small changes that together
produce a significant improvement). (BVE17038694i.pdf, s. f.)

The importance of innovation is the need to increase feed production for a growing population
by a limited amount of agricultural land while decreasing emissions of greenhouse gases.

The agricultural process has certain complications that cause products to be damaged, as is the
example of pests, for this pesticides are used this has had certain modifications that highlight
the agro-productive system and the technology for protection using 3 machines that reduce
tools for direct planting these are the sower, sprayer and harvester. (team, 2013)

Argentina is the country with national demand for spraying equipment as 92% of the drag
sprayers and 85% of the self-propelled. For pesticide distribution techniques.

Another example of innovation is the chain-product case which is a project of "Technological

Innovation Strategy to Improve Productivity in Central America and Republic Dominican
"where systems began to be used to storage of basic grains, these systems are used for the de-
roll of corn cobs and for the storage of a grain life, these technological innovation was
developed by the Dominican Research Institute Agricultural and Forestry (IDIAF) in the
Dominican Republic, where I not only give the systems for the de-making of the cobs but
provide training for their use and manage to reduce post-harvest losses that were had by
members of local consortium, who did not count with any such technology.

Urban Agriculture, Smart design and vertical farms this type of design offers a great
advantage for urban agriculture as it offers an innovative reinvention and use of space, with
this type of vertical agriculture it has started to have yields of 10 times more efficient than with
traditional agriculture.

Vertical agriculture is a natural extension of urban agriculture, this way of cultivating is

innovative since they are shaped like a skyscraper these industrial farms could increase natural
light using energy-efficient lighting. The benefits of this agriculture are numerous including
year-round crop production, climate protection, support for food autonomy and reduced
transport costs

Figura 1 Vertical agriculture

The drones & the Bees

Drones are being used in experiments to complement the pollination efforts that bees have
traditionally supplemented as we see the extinction of bees in more than 700 spices are
disappearing. For example the beak and skiff apple orchard in Lafayette has become the first
apple orchard in the world to pollinate its trees with a drone, another important use of drones
is the aerial photography for quick inspection of the fields, automated crop harvesting. (Andy
Heikkila, s. f.)

Figura 2 The drones to pollinate

Artificial Intelligence, Lot, and Automation

A major company called Smart Ag has announced a new technology of a tractor without
functional driver if it does not work through an "AutoCart" software according to Matthew J.
This new software application fully automates a grain cart tractor that provide farmers with
the necessary assistance in harvest times in order to maximize their efficiency and capacity.
But there have been reports where it is said that Chinese farmers have recently started testing
an AI system that uses the combination of artificial vision, voice recognition and temperature
sensors that help track the location, health and well-being of pigs on their farms, another very
important use of this technology is to detect diseases in crops.

The sensors help you analyze the crop in real time, automation will help agriculture through
robots and micro robots on a large scale to verify and maintain crops at plant level.

There are several types of sensors among them are:

 Air and soil sensors.- These sensors will allow real-time compression of current farm
conditions.
 Equipment Telematics.- Allows mechanical devices such as tractors to alert mechanics
that a failure is likely to occur soon
 Cattle biometrics. - Sensors with GPS and RFID and biometrics can automatically
identify and transmit vital information about livestock in real time.
 Crop sensors. - This type of sensor is able to say the correct quantities for the growing
process.
 Infrastructure sensors. - Can be used to monitor vibrations and environmental
conditions, along with a smart network these sensors could send crucial information to
maintenance equipment.

Figura 3 Artificial Intelligence, Lot, and Automation

Blockchain Technology

This type of application is used in the traceability register and supply chains, it has been able to
record and update the status of crops from planting to harvest, from storage to delivery.
Another very useful way to use the blockchain is for managing resources such as tracking
machine maintenance records or for tracking other sensors and equipment. (+Andy Heikkila, s.
f.)

Blockchain is a blockchain we could define it as a gigantic book where you register accounts
that are linked data, where we can say in a few words that it is a database. The challenge for
the agricultural sector isto pays for food deliveryis why this tool is a great help for products to
be delivered safely and for buyers to have an agent to recommend payment and audit the
delivery.
In terms of crop and food production, sensors and actuators could obtain important
information such as water level soil temperature, fertilizer details and many more parameters
that can be sent to the blockchain and saved, and then help to improve the quality of the
agricultural process and the crops produced

Figura 4 Blockchain Technology agriculture

CRISPR and Genetic Editing

This type of technology works with cow microbiomes to produce more meat this could make
the meat industry more efficient and cost-effective.

Several scientists have started designing crops that require less water and produce more food,
but this type of designs is still in research as it must be very meticulous so that designs of this
type do not create more problems for the ecosystem in a attempt to solve some.

As we can read in the article there are countless innovation technologies that have been
implemented and that are in research to improve agricultural use with different levels of
advancement in the world. There are now more technologies being increased such as
applications of nanotechnologies or nanomaterials in agriculture for fertilizer improvement
and crop protection.

Synthetic biology is about programming using standardized libraries to be able to design, build
and remediate biological systems designed to process information, manipulate chemicals, and
manufacture and produce energy to provide maintain and improve human health and our
environment. ( 15 Emerging Agriculture Technologies—Business Insider , s. f.)

Agricultural robots also known as agbots are used to automate agricultural processes, such as
harvesting, fruit harvesting, plowing, soil maintenance,weeding and sowing.

Robotic farm swarms are a combination of dozens or hundreds of agricultural robots with
thousands of microscopic sensors that together would monitor, grow and extract crops from
land virtually without human intervention. This type of ce robots would be on the market by
2026.
Conclusion

The inclusion of machines, sensors and actuators have allowed the agriculture process to give
added value to its work, giving precision in the work, offering a selective treatment of the
harvest weed, as well as helps to generate a database providing more accurate information on
the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the agricultural area. Mechatronics with
agriculture have increased the production system to a smaller number of resources, thus
promoting the implementation of technology to modern engineering for the creation of new
tools that improve human activities.

Bibliography

Andy Heikkila. (s. f.). 5 Innovative Agricultural Practices That Are Changing the World –

Innovation Excellence. Recuperado 4 de noviembre de 2019, de

https://www.innovationexcellence.com/blog/2018/08/06/5-innovative-agricultural-

practices-that-are-changing-the-world/

15 Emerging Agriculture Technologies—Business Insider. (s. f.). Recuperado de

https://www.businessinsider.com/15-emerging-agriculture-technologies-2014-4

BVE17038694i.pdf. (s. f.). Recovered from

http://repositorio.iica.int/bitstream/11324/2607/1/BVE17038694i.pdf

f. (2013, June 10). Agricultural technological innovation [Text]. Retrieved November 4, 2019,

from EU Science Hub—European Commission website:

https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research-topic/agricultural-technological-innovation