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Energy Harvesting Using 2.45GHz Rectenna For Powering Sensors in IoT Devices
Energy Harvesting Using 2.45GHz Rectenna For Powering Sensors in IoT Devices
http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.5053
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue V May 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com
I. INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things will radically alter our world provide
opportunities for innovation and economic growth. Basis for this is a wealth of information, which enables new forms of
automation. Wireless sensors play a key role on the way to the Internet of Things. They are the tools needed to capture and transmit
the first data bit in an IoT system. A key requirement for IoT is the ability to place wireless sensor terminals in all kinds of locations
to collect data. But there is one big issue: the installation of power-distribution wires, or, in the case of battery use, the battery life or
the time period for battery replacement. Nobody would find this a problem with 10 or 20 batteries, but when there are 10,000 or a
million or a hundred million, there are concerns not only for battery costs but also the enormous scale of maintenance expenses.
This is one reason the dissemination of wireless sensor terminal has become a concern.
Energy harvesting may provide a solution. Energy harvesting technologies use power generating elements such as solar cells,
piezoelectric elements, and thermoelectric elements to convert light, vibration, heat energy and radio frequency into electricity, then
use that electricity efficiently [1-3]. When using energy harvesting, there is a point to be considered striking a balance between
power generation and power consumption [4-5]. This is because the device will not work if the power generation is smaller than the
power to be consumed by the device. Although the generating characteristics of power generating elements are improving year by
year, it is difficult to continuously deliver sufficient power to a device on an ongoing basis. A way to solve this is to collect the
generated power from the rectenna in a capacitor and execute sensor operation at intervals, resulting in a method that balances the
power generation with the power consumption. This paper presents energy harvester for IOT application using the 2.45GHz
rectenna operating in the ISM band.
The rectifier circuit is a vital part of the rectenna since it decides the RF to DC conversion efficiency. The rectifier circuit consists of
a matching circuit, voltage multiplier circuit (converts RF to DC) connected to a storage capacitor and a resistive load. The antenna
total dimension is 36.5mm x 29.5mm x 0.8mm with the rectangular patch dimension of 36.5mm x 28.5mm x 0.8mm. The
configuration of Schottky diode used is HSMS2862. A value of 1.2Pf, 7Pf, 7Pf, 7Pf, 7Pf, 100pF and 1.2pF are adopted for C1, C2,
C3, C4, C5, C6 and L1 after tuning the rectifier circuit. Finally, the circuit is terminated with a resistive load of 1 simulated
S11 result obtained is 24dB.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig.7. Current distribution of 2.45GHz antenna at (a) 0/360,
(b) 90, (c) 180 and (d) 270 degree phase
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the performance of a 2.45GHz antenna and rectenna has been verified with the good return loss and the proper
matching respectively. The antenna operates well at return loss of 24dB at the 2.45GHz and the size is 36.5mm x 29.5mm x 0.8mm
which is enough to harvest required amount of energy to power sensors. The 2.45GHz frequency and good return loss of the antenna
is achieved by proper matching which is a good candidate in energy harvesting for IoT application. In future the efficiency of the
rectenna can be calculated by varying the load resistance value by calculating the respective voltage and current. The converted DC
voltage and power is 7.9V and 0.06W respectively.
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