PHP 5 Notes

PHP Notes
PHP : Hypertext Preprocessor

PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "My first PHP script!";
?>
</body>
</html>
Basic PHP Syntax

 A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
 A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>:
<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>
Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables

In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$txt = "Hello world!";
$x = 5;
$y = 10.5;
echo $txt;
echo "<br>";
echo $x;
echo "<br>";
echo $y;
?>
</body>
</html>
Echo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$txt1 = "Learn PHP";
$txt2 = "W3Schools.com";
$x = 5;
$y = 4;
echo "<h2>" . $txt1 . "</h2>";

echo "Study PHP at " . $txt2 . "<br>";
echo $x + $y;
?>
Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC),
</body>Dip in Teach (Li & IT)
</html>
PHP Notes
PHP Data Types
Variables can store data of different types, and different data types can do different things.
PHP supports the following data types:
1. String :
$x = "Hello world!";
echo $x;
var_dump($x);
2. Integer
An integer data type is a non-decimal number between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.
Rules for integers:

 An integer must have at least one digit
 An integer must not have a decimal point
 An integer can be either positive or negative
 Integers can be specified in three formats: decimal (10-based), hexadecimal (16-based -
prefixed with 0x) or octal (8-based - prefixed with 0)
<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
?>
3. Float (floating point numbers - also called double)
A float (floating point number) is a number with a decimal point or a number in exponential form.
<?php
$x = 10.365;
var_dump($x);
?>
4. Boolean
A Boolean represents two possible states: TRUE or FALSE.
$x = true;
$y = false;
5. Array
An array stores multiple values in one single variable.
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
var_dump($cars);
?>
PHP Arithmetic Operators

Operator Name Example
+ Addition $x + $y
- Subtraction $x - $y
* Multiplication $x * $y
/ Division $x / $y
% Modulus $x % $y
** Exponentiation $x ** $y
PHP Assignment Operators

Assignment Same as... Description
x=y x=y The left operand gets set to the value of the expression
on the right
x += y x=x+y Addition
x -= y x=x-y Subtraction
x *= y x=x*y Multiplication
x /= y x=x/y Division
Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

PHP Notes
x %= y x=x%y Modulus
PHP Comparison Operators

== Equal $x == $y
=== Identical $x === $y
!= Not equal $x != $y
<> Not equal $x <> $y
!== Not identical $x !== $y
> Greater than $x > $y
< Less than $x < $y
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to $x <= $y
PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

Operator Name
++$x Pre-increment
$x++ Post-increment
--$x Pre-decrement
$x-- Post-decrement
PHP Logical Operators

and And $x and $y
or Or $x or $y
xor Xor $x xor $y
&& And $x && $y
|| Or $x || $y
! Not !$x
PHP String Operators

Operator Name Example Result
. Concatenation $txt1 . $txt2 Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2
.= Concatenation assignment $txt1 .= $txt2 Appends $txt2 to $txt1
PHP - The if Statement

The if statement executes some code if one condition is true.
<?php <?php <?php

$t = date("H"); $t = date("H"); $t = date("H");
if ($t < "20") { if ($t < "20") { if ($t < "10") {

echo "Have a good day!"; echo "Have a good day!"; echo "Have a good morning!";
} } else { } elseif ($t < "20") {
?> echo "Have a good night!"; echo "Have a good day!";
} } else {
?> echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>

PHP Notes
PHP Switch
<?php
$favcolor = "red";
switch ($favcolor) {
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>
The PHP while Loop

The while loop executes a block of code as long as the specified condition is true.
Syntax
while (condition is true) { <?php <?php
code to be executed; $x = 1; $x = 1;
} do {
while($x <= 5) { echo "The number is: $x <br>";
do { echo "The number is: $x <br>"; $x++;
code to be executed; $x++; } while ($x <= 5);
} } ?>
while (condition is true); ?>
The PHP for Loop

The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run.
Syntax
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter) {
code to be executed;
}
foreach ($array as $value) {

code to be executed;
}
<?php
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
echo "The number is: $x <br>";
}
?>
<?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
foreach ($colors as $value) {
echo "$value <br>";

PHP Notes
}
?>

PHP Notes
PHP Connect to MySQL
PHP 5 and later can work with a MySQL database using:
 MySQLi extension (the "i" stands for improved)
 PDO (PHP Data Objects)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
$conn->close();
?>
Create Database
<?php
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
}
// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDB";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

PHP Notes
CREATE TABLE
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
}
// sql to create table

$sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP
)";

echo "Table MyGuests created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

PHP Notes
INSERT INTO TABLE
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')";

echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

PHP Notes
SELECT DATA FROM TABLE
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
}
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";

$result = $conn->query($sql);
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

PHP Notes
UPDATE DATA
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
}
$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";

echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

PHP Notes
DELETE DATA
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
}
// sql to delete a record

$sql = "DELETE FROM MyGuests WHERE id=3";

echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

PHP Notes
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PHP Notes
<html>
……………….
…………………………………………………………….
……………….
<body>
……………Retrieve Data From Table</h2>
<…………………… action="" method="……………….." name=………………………..>

<………………….. style="width:300px;">
<…………….>Search by Book Code :</…………………>
<input type="………………" name="book_id" ………………….="Boook Code">
<br><br>
<input type="………………………." name="search" value="Search by Code">
</fieldset>
</form>
<…………………. style="width:300px;">
<………………………..>Result</……………………..>
<……………………. border="1px" width="100%" >
<…….><th>Book Title</th><th>Topic</th></……………>
<?php
$con = ………………………………….("localhost","root","");
$db=……………………………….. ($con,'lms');
if(…………………………………..)
{
$book_id= $_POST[………………………];
$query="……………………………………………………………………………………..;
$query_run=mysqli_query(……………………….., …………………………..);
while($row=…………………………………….. ($query_run))
{
?>
<tr>
<td><?php………………………………………………?></td>
<td><?php………………………………………………..?></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
}
?>
</table>
</fieldset>
</………………. >
</html>
Keywords:
mysqli_connect, legend, mysqli_select_db, echo $row['topic'], echo $row['book_name'],

isset($_POST['book_id']), 'book_id', $con, $query, mysqli_fetch_array, body

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PHP Notes

PHP : Hypertext Preprocessor

Basic PHP Syntax

Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables

echo "<h2>" . $txt1 . "</h2>";

Rules for integers:

PHP Arithmetic Operators

PHP Assignment Operators

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

PHP Comparison Operators

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

PHP Logical Operators

PHP String Operators

PHP - The if Statement

<?php <?php <?php

if ($t < "20") { if ($t < "20") { if ($t < "10") {

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

The PHP while Loop

The PHP for Loop

foreach ($array as $value) {

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

// sql to create table

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

INSERT INTO TABLE

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

SELECT DATA FROM TABLE

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

// sql to delete a record

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

i. NkNy jug;gl;Ls;s tiyg;gf;fj;jpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd html Fwpapid vOJf

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

……………Retrieve Data From Table</h2>

<…………………… action="" method="……………….." name=………………………..>

mysqli_connect, legend, mysqli_select_db, echo $row['topic'], echo $row['book_name'],

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

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