Lecture-01 0n Ex-8.

1
Class-VIII
Sub: Mathematics

6. Prove that a diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles

Let AC is the diagonal of a parallelogram ABCD. It is required to prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶
Proof: Since ABCD is a parallelogram
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶 [ Opposite sides of parallelogram are equal ]
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶,
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐶
𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 [Common side]
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 [ SSS theorem ]
(Proved)
7. Prove that, if the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal and parallel, it is a parallelogram.

Let, ABCD is quadrilateral whose 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐶, 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐷𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷 ∥ 𝐵𝐶. It is required to prove
that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram.
Construction: A and C are joined.
Proof: In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶,
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐶 [Given]
𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 [Common side]
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 [ SSS theorem ]
∴ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶
Similarly, it can be proved that ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷
∴ The opposite angles of a quadrilateral ABCD are equal and opposite sides are equal and parallel.
Hence ABCD is a parallelogram. (Proved)

*** 8. Prove that, if two diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, it is a rectangle.

Let AC and BD be two equal diagonals of a parallelogram. It is required to prove that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle.
Proof: In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷,
𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 [ Opposite sides of parallelogram are equal ]
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷 [Given]
 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵 [Common side]
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 [ SSS theorem ]
∴ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷
We know that, sum of two adjacent sides of a parallelogram is 1800
∴ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 1800
⇒ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 1800
⇒ 2∠ ABC = 1800
1800
⇒ ∠ ABC = 2
⇒ ∠ ABC = 900
∴ ∠ ABC = ∠BAD = 900
Since opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
∴ ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 900 and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 900
Hence ABCD is a rectangle.
9. Prove that, if two diagonals of a quadrilateral are mutually equal and bisect each other at right angles,
it is a square

Let AC and BD be two equal diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD bisect each other at right angle at O that is
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 1 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 and OA=OC, OB=OD. It is required to prove that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
is a square.
Proof: In ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐵𝑂𝐶,
0𝐴 = 𝑂𝐶 [Given]
0𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 [Common side]
𝑎𝑛𝑑 Included ∠ 𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 ∠𝐵0𝐶 [ Each of the angles is 1 right angle]
∴ ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐵𝑂𝐶 [ SSS theorem ]
∴ AB=BC
Similarly, it can be proved that BC=CD and CD=AD
∴ AB=BC=CD=AD
Hence ABCD is rhombus.
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷,
𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷 [Given]
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵 [Common side]
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 [ SSS theorem ]
∴ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷
We know that, sum of two adjacent sides of a rhombus is 1800
∴ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 1800
⇒ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 1800
⇒ 2∠ ABC = 1800
1800
⇒ ∠ ABC = 2
⇒ ∠ ABC = 900
∴ ∠ ABC = ∠BAD = 900
Since opposite angles of a rhombus are equal.
∴ ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 900 and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 900
Hence ABCD is a square.