17th Century

Period of scientific revolution

Copernican heliocentric astronomy
establishment of inertial physics in the work of Johannes Kepler,
Galileo, René Descartes, and Isaac Newton.
Intense activity and innovation in mathematics
Advances in numerical calculation
Development of symbolic algebra and analytic geometry
Invention of the differential and integral calculus
(2 slide)
Middle of the 17th century
Mathematicians worked alone or in small groups
Publishing their work in books
Communicating with others by letter
(3rd slide)
“Invisible Colleges”
Networks of scientists who corresponded privately
Important role in coordinating and stimulating mathematical
research.
 Pierre de Fermat,
Descartes, Blaise
Marin Mersenne Inform Pascal, Gilles Personne
de Roberval, and
Galileo

(1st slide)
René Descartes
- Born March 31 1596 in The hague, France
- Father of modern Philosophy
- Published “Discoures de la methode” and “la
Geometrie”

 considered a landmark in the history of

mathematics
 early movements towards the use of symbolic
expressions
 first book to look like a modern mathematics
textbook, full of a's and b's, x2's, etc.

(if hindi kaya lahat sa first slide ito sa baba is second slide)
o "La Géométrie" that Descartes first proposed that each
point in two dimensions can be described by two numbers
on a plane, one giving the point’s horizontal location and
the other the vertical location, which have come to be
known as Cartesian coordinates.
o Cartesian Plate
o Rule of sign

Pierre de Ferma

Pierre de Fermat

- born August 17, 1601, Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France

- French mathematician who is often called the founder of the
modern theory of numbers.
- Fermat discovered the fundamental principle of analytic
geometry.

Two square theorem

- Two Square Theorem, which shows that any prime

number which, when divided by 4, leaves a
remainder of 1.
- In mathematical terms, this is written: ap-1 =
1(mod p). For example, if a = 7 and p = 3, then 72 ÷
3 should leave a remainder of 1, and 49 ÷ 3 does in
fact leave a remainder of 1.
-

Pierre de Resistance

- Last Theorem, a conjecture left unproven at his

death, and which puzzled mathematicians for over
350 years.

states that no three positive integers a, b and c can

satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any integer value
of n greater than two (i.e. squared). This seemingly
simple conjecture has proved to be one of the world’s
hardest mathematical problems to prove.

(1 slide)

Blaise Pascal
- born on June 19, 1623 in Clermont-Ferrand, France
- French mathematician, physicist, religious philosopher, and master of prose.

(2 slide)

Pascals theorem

- Pascal's theorem is a direct generalization of that of Pappus.

Pappus Theorem
o Let three points A, B, C be incident to a single straight line
and another three points a,b,c incident to (generally
speaking) another straight line. Then three pairwise
intersections  1 = Bc∩bC,  2 = Ac∩aC, and  3 = Ab∩aB are
incident to a (third) straight line.

- The theorem states that if a hexagon is inscribed in a conic, then

the three points at which the pairs of opposite sides meet, lie on a straight line.

(3 slide)

- a triangular array of the binomial coefficients

- The triangle may be constructed in the following manner: In row 0 (the topmost row), there is a
unique nonzero entry 1. Each entry of each subsequent row is constructed by adding the
number above and to the left with the number above and to the right, treating blank entries as 0.
For example, the initial number in the first (or any other) row is 1 (the sum of 0 and 1), whereas
the numbers 1 and 3 in the third row are added to produce the number 4 in the fourth row.

1st slide

Isaac Newton
- Born December 25, 1642 in Woolsthorpe Manor
House, United Kingdom

 Infinitesimal calculus (“method of fluxions”,

“method of fluents”)
 Generalized binomial theorem
 2nd slide

Infinitesimal calculus (“method of fluxions”, “method of

fluents”)
 Built on earlier work by his fellow Englishmen John
Wallis and Isaac Barrow
 allowed mathematicians and engineers to make sense
of the motion and dynamic change in the changing
world
 Additional Info: In Newton’s terminology,
 “method of fluxions” - the instantaneous rate of change
at a particular point on a curve the "fluxion",
 the changing values of x and y the "fluents"

3rd slide
Generalized binomial theorem
 Discovered it when he was 22
 describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a
binomial raised to a given power (an algebraic
expression with two terms, such as a2 - b2);

(1 slide)

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

- Born July 1, 1646 in Leipzig, Germany

- University of Leipzig ( Undergraduate) Bachelors and Masters in

Philosophy
- University of Aldorf (Doctoral) Doctoral of law

(2 slide)
 - Discovered infinitesimal calculus autonomous from Isaac
newton

Infinitesimal calculuss

- branch of mathematics that is concerned with differentiation,

integrations, and limits of functions.

(3 slide)
- first person to describe pinwheel calculator, then discovered product of his own the Leibniz wheel, was
used in automatic mechanical calculator until the development of the electronic calculator in mid 1970’s

(4 slide)

Binary no. system (base 2 system)

- He is usually credited with the early development of the binary number

system (base 2 counting, using only the digits 0 and 1), although he
himself was aware of similar ideas dating back to the I Ching of Ancient
China. Because of the ability of binary to be represented by the two
phases "on" and "off", it would later become the foundation of virtually
all modern computer systems, and Leibniz's documentation was
essential in the development process.