COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Memory
Soriano, Michelle M.
Memory What is memory?

Tasks Used for Measuring Memory

OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION - Recall vs. Recognition Tasks

TOPICS
- Implicit vs. Explicit Memory Tasks

Working Memory: An Integrative

Model

- Components of Working Memory

- Neuroscience and Working Memory

Made in Birchwood: The Annual Creators' Market

What is memory?

THE MEANS BY WHICH WE RETAIN

AND DRAW ON INFORMATION FROM
OUR PAST EXPERIENCES TO USE IN
THE PRESENT (KANDEL, 2007;
TULVING, 2000; TULVING & CRAIK,
2000)

REFERS TO THE DYNAMIC

MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH
STORING, RETAINING AND
RETRIEVING INFORMATION ABOUT
PAST EXPERIENCE (BJORKLUND ET
AL., 2003; CROWDER, 1976)
Three common 1. ENCODING -

TRANSFORMING SENSORY
operations of DATA INTO A FORM OF

memory MENTAL REPRESENTATION

2. STORAGE - KEEPING

ENCODED INFORMATION IN

MEMORY

3. RETRIEVAL - PULLING OUT

OR USING INFORMATION

STORED IN MEMORY
 ENCODING STORING RETRIEVING

Psychologists who study memory can also measure relearning - the

number of trials it takes to learn once again the learning in the past.
Tasks Used for Measuring
Memory

RECALL TASKS RECOGNITION TASKS

- producing a fact, word, or - selecting or identifying an

other item from memory item as being one that you

- also called expressive have been exposed to

knowledge previously

- also called receptive

knowledge
 Recall Task
THE TERM FOR PERSONS WHO

SUFFER SEVERE MEMORY

IMPAIRMENT IS ________.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF

RECALL TASKS:
SERIAL RECALL

FREE RECALL

CUED RECALL
Recall Task Types

SERIAL FREE RECALL CUED RECALL

RECALL - items can be - items are

- items must be recalled in any shown in pairs

recalled in the way or order and in the

exact order chosen recalling phase,

they were only one of the

presented pair is

presented
Serial Recall
INU

USAGI

NEKO

KUMA

BUTA
Free Recall
MIDORIYA

BAKUGO

TODOROKI

DABI

CHISAKI
Cued Recall
ROMANCE - CHERRY

DRAMA - ORANGE

HORROR - MELON

SCI-FI - APPLE

COMEDY - GRAPES
Recognition Task
 Tasks Used for Measuring Memory

EXPLICIT MEMORY TASK IMPLICIT MEMORY TASK

-declarative memory- using information from

intentionally remembering/ memory unconsciously and

conscious recollection unintentionally

 Explicit Memory Implicit Memory

SEMANTIC
PROCEDURAL
MEMORY PRIMING
EPISODIC MEMORY
memories of TASKS
MEMORY performing
facts, facilitation of
long-term tasks while
concepts, ability to utilize
memories of being
names, and missing
specific events unconscious of
other general information
the task itself
knowledge
Explicit Memory Implicit Memory

- encoded to memory and - begins with learning

later retrieved skills and mastering a task

- often formed deliberately - becomes automatic over

through rehearsal time with repetition

- can be encoded - recall is often

unconsciously and tied to dependent upon context

emotions and cues

- may be drawn into - can result in

awareness through priming/similar stimulus

association response
Working Memory: An
Integrative Model
Working memory holds only the most

recently activated, or conscious, portion

of long-term memory and moves these

activated elements in and out of brief,

temporary memory storage.

It is involved in manipulation of

information and have several

components.
 Components of Working Memory
Logie (1995):
Visuospatial Sketchpad

1. VISUAL CACHE -

BRIEFLY HOLDS AND

SPECIALIZING IN

MANIPULATES INFORMATION ABOUT

INFORMATION ABOUT FORM, COLOR AND

THE APPEARANCE OF VISUAL IDENTITY

OBJECTS AND THEIR 2. INNER SCRIBE - ...

ABOUT SPATIAL
LOCATION IN SPACE

LOCATION AND

MOVEMENT

REPRESENTATION
 Components of Working Memory

Phonological Loop PHONOLOGICAL STORAGE

- HOLDS INFO IN MEMORY

SUBVOCAL REHEARSAL -

BRIEFLY STORES HOLDS INFO BY NONVERBAL

MAINLY VERBAL REHEARSAL TO PREVENT

FROM FADING
INFORMATION FOR

PHONOLOGICAL LOOP IS
VERBAL
ALSO CALLED
COMPREHENSION AND
ARTICULATORY CONTROL
ACOUSTIC REHEARSAL
PROCESS.
 Components of Working Memory

Central Executive Episodic Buffer

EXPLAINS HOW WE
THE GATING
INTEGRATE
MECHANISM THAT
INFORMATION IN
DECIDES WHAT
WORKING MEMORY,
INFORMATION TO
LONG-TERM MEMORY,

PROCESS FURTHER AND

AND THE SLAVE

HOW TO PROCESS IT.

SYSTEMS.
Working Memory Diagram
KIITE KURETE ARIGATOU
GOZAIMASU! :D