SOME IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

IN CIVIL STRUCTURS
 TYPES OF BEAMS
 SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM :-
A Beam supported freely on the walls or columns at its both ends is
known as simply supported beam.

 OVER HANGING BEAM :-

A Beam is freely supported on two supports. But its one end or both the
ends are projected beyond the support.
 CANTILEVER BEAM :-
A Beam fixed at one end and free at the other end is known as
cantilever beam.

 FIXED BEAM :-
A Beam whose both ends are rigidly fixed is known as cantilever beam.
 CONTINUOUS BEAM :-
A Beam supported on more then two support is known as continuous
beam.
 TYPES OF LOADS

 POINT LOAD OR CONCENTRATED LOAD :-

When a load is acting on a relatively small area it is considered as
point load or concentrated load.
It is given in N or KN.
 UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD :-
A Load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that each unit
length of beam is loaded to the same intensity is known as udl.
W=udl
It is given in N/m or KN/m.
 UNIFORMLY VARYING LOAD :-
A Load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that its intensity
Varies uniformly on each unit is called varying load.
When load is zero at one end and increases uniformly to the other end it
is known as triangular load.
 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT

 SHEAR FORCE :-
It is the algebraic sum of the vertical forces acting to the left or right of
the section along the span of the beam.
Unit of S.F is N or KN.
 BENDING MOMENT :-
It is the algebraic sum of the moment of the forces to the left or to the
right of the section taken about the section.
Unit of B.M is N.m or KN.m
 SIGN CONVENTION

 The shear force is positive if it tends to rotate the beam section

clockwise with respect to a point inside the beam section.

 The Bending Moment is positive if it tends to bend the beam section

concave facing upward. (Or if it tends to put the top of the beam into
compression and the bottom of the beam into tension .)
 POINT OF CONTRAFLEXTURE

 IN B.M diagram, The point at which B.M change its sign from
positive to negative or negative to positive is called point of
contraflexture.
It is a point where the beam tends to bend in opposite direction. It is
the point at which curvature of beam changes.
 EXAMPLE ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

 PROBLEM :-
Calculate the value and draw a bending moment and shear force
diagram for following beam shown in fig.
SOLUTION :-
ANALYSIS IN STAAD Pro

Step by step procedure for STAAD Pro Analysis

1. Draw a beam as given.
2. Give the properties
3. Give the supports
For Roller support

For Hinge support

4. Give the load & definition
In which give the udl and point load as given in problem And neglect
the self weight.
5. Then perform analysis and go to post-processing.
6. Then click in shear y force for see the shear force
7. And for see the values go on the results and click on view value and
click on beam results And click on annotate.

8. Same procedure is apply for the bending moment.

9. Now you can see values from manually calculation is same as STAAD
Pro analysis values.
 Loads given in STAAD Pro (w1=20Kn/m, w2=10kn)
 SFD results from STAAD Pro
 BMD results from STAAD Pro
 EXAMPLE ON CANTILEVER BEAM

 PROBLEM :-
Calculate the value and draw a bending moment and shear force
diagram for following cantilever beam Shown in fig.
SOLUTION :-
ANALYSIS IN STAAD Pro

 Loads given in STAAD Pro (w1=2Kn, w2=4kn/m)

 SFD results from STAAD Pro
 BMD results from STAAD Pro
 EXAMPLE ON OVERHANGING BEAM WITH
POINT OF CONTRAFLEXTURE
 PROBLEM :-
Calculate the value and draw a bending moment and shear force
diagram for the following Overhanging beam Shown in fig and also find
the point of contraflexture.
SOLUTION :-
ANALYSIS IN STAAD Pro
 Loads given in STAAD Pro (w1=10Kn/m, w2=20kn)
 SFD results from STAAD Pro
 BMD results from STAAD Pro
THANK YOU