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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

I. Acknowledgement ---------------------------------------------------- 2

II. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------- 3

III. Specific Objective ---------------------------------------------------- 3

IV. Significance of the Study ---------------------------------------------------- 4

V. Scope and Limitations ---------------------------------------------------- 5

VI. Definition of Terms ---------------------------------------------------- 5

VII. Review of Related Studies ---------------------------------------------------- 6


And Literature

I.
A. What Is Prostitution?
B. Brief History of Prostitution
C. Types of Prostitution

II.
A. Causes of Prostitution
B. Effects of Prostitution

VIII. Strategy used in ----------------------------------------------------- 13


Collecting Data

IX. Results and Discussion ------------------------------------------------------ 14

X. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------ 16

XI. Recommendation ------------------------------------------------------- 17

XII. Appendix ------------------------------------------------------- 18

XIII. Bibliography ------------------------------------------------------ 20


I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research paper is made possible through the aid and support from everyone,

including parents, teachers, family and friends.

To bestow her acknowledgment of gratitude toward the following significant

advisors and contributors, to Ms. Rewa M. Wady researcher’s practice teacher for guiding

towards the learning on how to gain knowledge and to be able to make a term paper.

To Mrs. Nezan A. Quirit, researchers adviser in English subject for her most support and

encouragement and for contribution of her valuable detailed advices in the term paper.

Finally to God, family and friends who was for all of the time compassionate in

making this term paper a possible one.

II. INTRODUCTION
Prostitution in the Philippines seemed to have undergone an interesting outline of

oscillation between the opposed values of health and morality and economic interests

on the other hand. Considered one of the oldest “profession” in the world, prostitution

may be defined as the actual misappropriation of profanation of sex gain or profit.

Ever since, the practice has been considered evil. The survival of the practice in any

society is interpreted as a symptom of an alienated society. It is called social deviance.

These differing definitions are an outcome of the ideological insights on how

individuals and organizations view prostitution. One commonly held observation is that

prostitution is a form of social and moral deviance that individuals fall into.

Individuals involved in prostitution are largely seen as lacking self-worth.

This has been t he dominant view that as will be described later became the basis

of the criminalization of the act. Many believe that this view resulted in the dressing

down of people involved in prostitution and made them vulnerable to different kinds

of risks.

III. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

This term paper emphasizes the causes and effect of prostitution in the Philippines.

Data will be derived from the authorized and reliable sources to establish the
points and facts about the said topic. This study will give an edge in the

awareness and consequences of prostitution.

This paper is concerned with the discursive constitution of prostitution as a

problem of humanity. As a social problem, prostitution has been a dilemma in a

unique manner and managed through specific techniques that have had the

strategic objective.

Through an understanding of the prostitute subject it becomes possible establish

certain truths about prostitution. Perhaps the most striking development to have

occurred with the prostitution was the expansion of the range of meanings that

became available to describe prostitutes.

IV. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be a significant endeavor in promoting and raising awareness

regarding prostitution. This will also be beneficial to the students, the general public

and especially those who are engaged in the prostitution industry per se. This is to

inform them what is prostitution all about and to erase questions in their minds.

This also serves as a preventive measure regarding the harmful effects of prostitution.
This paper concludes by evaluating the efficacy of some current policies

used to lessen or moderate the potential harmful effects of prostitution, such as the

spread of diseases, child abuse, the medical side, the person who regulates a prostitute

(pimps) and the prostitute itself.


V. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The scope of this study focuses on the causes and effects in prostitution. This

study only limits on determining the causes and effects of prostitution specifically

in the Philippines.

VI. DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Dama de noche - women of the night

 Mujeres libres - free or public women

 Prostitution - the practice of engaging in relatively indiscriminate sexual favors

in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuables

 Red light -
district with houses of prostitution or what has been popularly
known as “casa”
 Homosexual - sexually attracted to people of one's own sex
 Bisexual - sexually attracted to both men and women
 Transexual - a person who emotionally and psychologically feels that they belong to

the opposite sex

 Venereal disease - disease that is contracted and transmitted by sexual contact, caused
by microorganisms that survive on the skin or mucus membranes, or
that are transmitted via semen, vaginal secretions, or blood
 Heterosexual - sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex
 Promiscuous - having or characterized by many transient sexual relationships

VII. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

I.
A. What Is Prostitution?

“A woman who had sex with more than 23,000 men should be classified as a

prostitute, although 40 to 60 would also do. However, promiscuity itself does not turn a

woman into a prostitute. Although a vast majority of prostitutes are promiscuous, most

people would agree that sleeping around does not amount to prostitution. “

(Edlund & Korn, 2002, p. 183)

Prostitution has an unusual feature: it is well paid despite being low skill,

labor intensive, and, one might add, female dominated. Earnings even in the worst-

paid type, streetwalking, may be several multiples of full-time earnings in professions

with comparable skill requirements.

Prostitution may be female or male or transgender and prostitution may

entail heterosexual activity, but historically most prostitutes have been women and

most clients are men. Perceptions of prostitution are based in culturally determines

values that differ among societies. In some societies, prostitutes have been viewed

as members of recognized profession, in others have been shunned, reviled and

punished with stoning, imprisonment, and death. Few societies have exercised the

same severity towards clients, indeed in many societies clients suffer few if any

legal repercussions. In some cultures, prostitution has been required to young girls
as right to puberty or as means of acquiring a dowry, and some religions have

required prostitution of certain class of priestess.

Prostitution is a highly debated term. Its common definition is the exchange

of sexual services for compensation, usually in the form of money or other

valuables.

B. Brief History of Prostitution

I. Spanish period

Spanish rule made Manila the center of its colonial affairs. Colonial rule is

generally based upon the principle of rewarding political service to the Government

in power by the pillage of a colony.” The policies enforced tended to foster the

exploitation and impoverishment of the colonial subjects. Eventually, poverty

became “the permanent characteristics” of the working classes who largely comprised

the Philippines population during the colonial eras. The absence of incentives and

the deterioration of conditions in the rural areas, especially during the last decades

of the nineteenth century forced many inhabitants to migrate to other places, notably

Manila.

Manila, by the nineteenth century was already teeming with vagrants,

vagabonds, and displaced persons. In colonial times it was only places attractive

enough for impoverished and displaced persons to flocks to. Its commercial districts,

especially Binondo with its big business housed at Rosario and Escolta streets,
caught the fancy of many migrants, who tended to reside in the congested districts

of Tondo, Binondo, Sampaloc, and Paco.

Spanish legalization of gambling as a source of revenue added to inhabitant’s

demoralization. In many cases, it was a major reason for men made destitute by

gambling to induce their wives or women friends to engage in prostitution or to

commit such crimes.

The revolution against Spain not only brought liberty to Filipino but also

destruction of lives and possessions and the displacement of thousands of people.

II. American Regime

The establishment of American rule in the Philippines exacerbated the prostitution

problem in the country. The Philippine-American War that broke out in 1899, and the

scorched-earth policies adopted by both combatants destitute the people and ruined

much property.

The American military authorities, through the Provost Marshall Office,

established red lights district in 1901.

Officials tasked the closure of these establishments were reported to

have hurriedly drawn up the ordinances which were “railroad through the town

councils after a few hours, to gain full force and effect of law.”
The closure or the dancing halls, brothels, and saloons didn’t put to an end

to prostitution in the Philippines.

C. Types of Prostitution

Prostitution can be classified according to modus operandi and gender and age

of providers. In their typology, they identified the name of the activity, how clients are

solicited and where they are serviced, and in what world regions certain activities are

prevalent. Among the more prominent modus operandi for sex work are street,

brothels, and escort prostitution.

o Street prostitution is the mode where clients are solicited on the street, in parks,

or in other public places and are serviced in side streets, vehicles, or short-stay

premises. Street prostitution is widespread, particularly in societies where

alternative work sites are unavailable.

o Brothel prostitution is the mode where certain premises are explicitly dedicated to

providing sex. Usually, brothel prostitution has better security provisions

accorded to sex workers than street prostitution.

o Escort prostitution is the mode where clients contact sex workers by phone or

via the hotel staff. This is the most covert form of sex work. It is relatively

expensive because of low client turnover. The service can be provided at a

client’s home or hotel room. This mode of prostitution is everywhere.


o Prostitution can also be classified according to the age of providers, namely adult

and child prostitutes. Studies indicate that the dynamics of child prostitution are

different from those of adult prostitution. Child prostitutes are involved without

their consent, and they are usually systematically deceived. Child prostitution is

generally condemned by most individuals, organizations, and governments.

Nevertheless, some child prostitutes eventually become adult prostitutes, and

many adult prostitutes had prior childhood histories of sexual abuse and

prostitution.

II.
A. Causes of Prostitution

Probably one of the main sources is the desire on the part of considerable number

of persons of saying ages for an easily achieved, non-binding sexual outlet and their

willingness to pay for such an outlet. Without this demand, the supply for prostitutes

would disappear.

Another factor is the belief on the part of girls and boys that prostitution is an

easier way to make living than other pursuits open to them. This belief undoubtedly

attracts many into the occupation.

The girls from whom prostitutes are recruited seem to be those who come from

the economically deprived and poor social backgrounds, who have mental or emotional

inadequacies, who have had previous sexual experiences (mostly unfortunate), who have
been abandoned by husbands, and who have had contact with persons in or on the fridge

of prostitution.

The immediate causes of the epidemic are linked to HIV´s modes of transmission.

These include unprotected penetrative se; transmission from mother to child before,

during or after birth; and transmission through transfusions and the sharing of blood or

blood products.

Underlying causes include societal denial and weak political commitment;

poverty and social inequality; gender divisions; population movement as a result of

famine, war and other causes; human rights abuse; and lack of dialogue about sex and

sexuality. All of these make it likely that infection continues to spread.

Young people may be especially vulnerable to infection. They may not receive

appropriate kinds of sex and personal relationship education. They may lack access to

relevant social support including youth friendly counseling and sexual health services.

Young women (and some young men) may be at particular risk through involvement in

sex work and prostitution. The tendency for older and more sexually experienced men to

prefer younger sexual partners also enhances their vulnerability.

II.
B. Effects of Prostitution
HIV and AIDS have serious and immediate effects within the family and

household. As parents and young people are affected, household income may fall.

Additional costs of healthcare, funerals and transport to clinics and hospital may have to

be met. While many households develop new ways of coping, other are severely

stressed. The changing balance of labor within the home may encourage less labor

intensive and less nutritious crops to be grown. Widows and elderly people may lack

financial and moral support when, as the sole adult within the family, they have to

take on added responsibilities for the care of children and young people.

In recent times AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a fatal disease

which is highly contagious. There is no known cure so far.

The effects of prostitution on the rest of society are less easily discerned.

Standards of morality always dictate that prostitution is an unmitigated vice and yet side

by side with this morality prostitution has continued to exist. There is no doubt that the

effect is very undesirable to society as a whole.

VIII. STRATEGY USED IN COLLECTING DATA

Primary, the researcher searched information about the selected topic in books in

the Internet. Then, the researcher made a brief synopsis of a research article or any

thorough analysis of a particular subject which is all about Prostitution elevated for

reader to quickly establish the paper’s purpose. The researcher summarizes the written
work, characteristically a book into its shorter variety which is concise. The researcher

with the aid of her resources summarizes a group of associated reports for a reason that

the readers can quickly get hold of ideas and understand the vast quantity of books and

materials without reading all of it. The researcher necessitates being precise about her

work and employed different presentation of facts in history which means of words easily

attained by the reader and lastly the researcher demonstrates her work as authentic and

valid with ideas supporting on it to clearly exhibit the cause and effects of Prostitution in

the Philippines. In addition, the researcher illustrates picture pertinent to the study.

IX. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

There are many definition of prostitution. The simplest definition says that it is an

exchange of money for sexual purpose that is offering sexual contact for pay or in other

words it is an act of sexual business in exchange for money.

Grounds of prostitution stated: treatment by parent, bad company, family

prostitutes, social customs, inability to arrange marriage, lack of sex education, media,

prior incest, rape, early marriage and desertion, lack of recreational facilities, ignorance

and acceptance of prostitution so as economic causes includes poverty and distress or

psychological causes of physical pleasure, greed and dejection in the Philippines.

According to Ma. Luisa T. Camagay, Ph. D. the chairperson of the Department of

History, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy (CSSP) of the University of the

Philippines: “That it is important to have a historical knowledge on how and why of the

common ills of Philippines which is prostitution have existed in the past and postulate

why it still continues to exist today. Prostitution not only is inherently harmful and

dehumanizing to women and children; it also fuels the growth of trafficking in persons,
or modern-day slavery. • Women and girls, worldwide, are lured to foreign nations with

promises of jobs. Then, they are forced into prostitution. With globalization and cheap

transportation, you can move people easier and quicker than guns or drugs. And you can

use them over and over and over again. You don’t just sell them once and call it a day.”

1
http://www.slideshare.net/socialreview/prostitution-in-the-philippine

WHAT’S BEING DONE TO HELP PROSTITUTES?

Finally passed in 2003, the Philippine is the first country in Southeast Asia to

come up with an act to protect women and children against trafficking, prostitution,

pornography and involuntary forced labor. Penalties can lead to six (6) years to life

imprisonment and fines up to two million pesos. For those who interact or buy services of

prostitution are usually penalized for first offenses with six months of community service

and a fine of fifty thousand pesos and for second and succeeding offenses face

imprisonment of one year and a fine of one hundred thousand pesos. Department of

Foreign Affairs, the Department of Labor and Employment and the Philippine Overseas

Employment Administration are mandated by RA9208 to come up with programs for

Filipinos who are involved and have been trafficked for the safety and prevention for this

further happened.1

The world must put an end to this kind of crime. But, stopping prostitution is hard

since almost all of the countries in the world have prostitution. As a Filipino Youth, I

believe that big changes start with small changes. If we make an effort to stop prostitution
in our country, it might have a big effect in stopping prostitution in the world. We

Filipinos must start to make a move in changing the world into a better place by putting

an end to this criminal act.

1
http://www.slideshare.net/reivew/prostitution-in-the-philippines

X. CONCLUSION

Prostitution in our country is a very popular crime and many people in our

country are involved in this wrong act. This problem is not simple; it is actually one of

the major problems that our country is facing. Women whether underage or not are forced

to do this like this, this kind of act is not a solution for making one’s life better, and it

actually worsens it.

Prostitution has been around for many decades. The Philippines had many victims

including women and children, becoming sex servants and working with sex feints to try

and support their families. To those patrons, it is a form of entertainment and a good time,

but they are degrading the lives and worth of those victims who do it only for the money.

Much of the people living in impoverished conditions do not have the simple things such

as food and water, let alone a good paying job. Sexuality is different all over the world,

but many don’t choose to start at such a young age, and after all, many of them could

never overcome the trauma. If so many government officials and tourists are causing this
demand, the sex trade industry will never end. The Philippines is not alone in facing this

problem, the world is facing it as well. The crime is growing fast and it seems like no one

is making a move to put an end to this. Prostitution is nothing but a wrong act, a crime

will not do good anything for world.

Hopefully with new efforts finally being put forward, it will aid in the helping to

end child prostitution in the Philippines and in other places around the world. quote

;There has been no greater mass crime that I know of . . . that has been committed against

modern women, modern-day women, in the 20th century.quot;- Brig. Gen. Vorley M.

Rexroad (Ret.), January 17, 2001.

XI. RECOMMENDATION

The researcher would like to recommend the future researchers to broadcast or

make future research about the Cause and Effects of Prostitution in the Philippines

specifically the impacts of it to our youth and also gather and present more information of

the ancestry of committing such.


XII. APPENDIXES

Photo Editorial in renowned magazines by our fellow Filipino artist against Prostitution

and crimes:
Illustration above was drawn by our fellow Filipino artist in different well-known

magazines about the struggle against prostitution and what are its consequences in our society.

Prostitution: Don't let it cross your mind


The pictures above shows the positive effects and advantages of having a strong bond

with your family. As you can see in the picture, people need to respect everyone and live with

harmony in order for us to survive.

We are not alone in facing this problem, the whole world is facing it as well, and we all

need to realize that prostitution won’t get you good condition and recognition.

XIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book

F. Henriques, Prostitution and Society (3 vol., 1962–68); G. R. Scott

Internet

1. http://novella.mhhe.com/sites/0079876543/student_view0/research_center-

999/research_papers30/how_to_write_term_papers.html

2. http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/prevalence?s=t

3. http://www.amazon.com/The-History-Prostitution-Effects-Throughout/dp/1589637623

4. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Cause-And-Effect-Of-Prostitution-1051616.html

5. http://the-idea-shop.com/papers/prostitution.pdf

6. http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/1063
7. http://www.child-

abuse.com/childhouse/childwatch/cwi/projects/indicators/prostitution/biblio.html

8. prostitution: Bibliography http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/society/prostitution-

bibliography.html#ixzz3QBcmVKLN

9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines

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