Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan

Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan

UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GENAP

ENGLISH TWO
SABTU 9 MEI 2020
WAKTU : 60 MENIT
Dosen Pengampu : M Nizam M.Pd

Convert the verbs in the brackets into Past Tense !

Ubah kata kerja di dalam kurung menjadi Past Tense!

CARA MENJAWAB :
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MENGIRIMKAN Nomor Soal dan Jawaban !!!
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NAME :
STUDENTS NUMBER :
CLASS & SMT :

OSWALD AVERY
Oswald Avery (1. LEAD ) the team that discovered DNA passes heredity instructions

through successive generations of organisms – it carries the chemical code of life.

Avery and his colleagues (2. PUBLISH ) their discovery in a classic paper describing

what (3.COME ) to be known as the Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment. The

experiment actually (4. REPRESENT ) more than a decade’s worth of scientific

investigations.
Oswald Theodore Avery (5. BE ) born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada on October 21,

1877. His British parents, Joseph Francis Avery and Elizabeth Crowdy, (6. HAVE

ARRIVE ) in Canada four years earlier.

They (7. HAVE ) emigrated because Joseph, a Baptist minister, (8. FEEL) a spiritual

calling to do God’s work in North America. The couple’s three sons (9. BE ) all born in

Canada; Oswald (10. BE ) the second son.

The family (11. MOVE ) to New York City, USA when Oswald was 10 years old. His

father (12. HAVE) been invited to take over as pastor of Mariner’s Temple Baptist

mission. The mission (13. BE ) on New York’s lower East Side, an overcrowded part of

the city with a multitude of social problems – a tough place for children to grow up.

In their spare time Oswald and his older brother Ernest (14. TEACH ) themselves to

play the cornet. From the age of 12 onwards Oswald and Ernest (15. PERFORM )

music on Sundays outside the mission. The idea (16. BE ) to entice passers-by inside.

The neighborhood’s population (17. INCLUDE ) many Catholics and Jews, and

Oswald’s father (18. BE ) eager to convert them to the Baptist creed.

Oswald (19. BE ) a highly talented musician. Later he (20. BE AWARD ) awarded a

scholarship to the National Conservatory of Music, a scholarship he (21. DO ) not use.

At the age of 15, Oswald (22. SUFFER ) two shocks: first the death of his brother Ernest

most likely from tuberculosis; then the death of his father from kidney disease.

In 1893, just before reaching the age of 16, Oswald Avery (23. GET ) his diploma from

New York Male Grammar School and enrolled at Colgate Academy.

He (24. BECOME ) a freshman at New York’s Colgate University in 1896, where again

his musical talent shone through and he (25. BECOME ) leader of the college band.

He (26. MAJOR ) in humanities, averaging higher than 9 out of 10 in his final years. He

(27. GRADUATE ) with a bachelor’s degree in humanities in June 1900, age 22. He

(28. HAVE ) taken science courses only when they (29. BE ) compulsory.

The courses he (30. CHOOSE ) in his final year (31. INCLUDE ) Philosophy, English

Literature, Political Economy, Public Speaking, and History of Art.

By the fall of 1900, Avery’s ideas about his future (32. HAVE CHANGE ) dramatically:

he (33. ENTER ) medical school – Columbia University’s College of Physicians and

Surgeons in New York.

He (34. CONTINUE ) to score good grades at Columbia, with one ironic exception. The

man who would eventually become a world-renowned bacteriologist (35. SCORE ) his

worst grades in the bacteriology course.

In 1904, age 26, Avery (36. GRADUATE ) and (37. MOVE ) into general medical

practice.

After two years working as a family doctor, Avery (38. BE FEED ) up. Too many of his

patients (39. BE ) suffering from incurable conditions, leaving him feeling thoroughly

helpless.
He (40. REACH ) the conclusion that the best way he could help society would be to

find ways of stopping microorganisms killing people. He (41. DECIDE ) to become a

microbiologist.

He (42. MAKE ) the transition gradually, working part-time in milk bacteriology – his job

(43. BE ) to make measurements of bacteria in milk before and after pasteurization.

In 1907, age 30, Avery (44. BECOME ) assistant director of the Hoagland Laboratory in

Brooklyn, New York. There, in addition to teaching students, he (45. TRAIN ) in modern

chemical and bacteriological methods. He also (46. LEARN ) to carry out experiments

with unusually meticulous care – this would be one of the characteristics of his future

research work.

He (47. BEGIN ) his research career with a study of fermented milk products such as

yogurt. He (48. INVESTIGATE ) their role in controlling harmful gut bacteria in humans,

a theme that would became fashionable again about 100 years later.

Avery (49. PUBLISH ) nine papers in academic journals. In 1913, a paper he (50.

WRITE ) about tuberculosis caught the eye of Rufus Cole, director of the Rockefeller

Institute in Manhattan. On a visit to Hoagland, Cole (51. MAKE ) a point of having a

chat with Avery, sizing him up.

The upshot was that Avery (52. BECOME ) a bacteriologist at the Rockefeller Institute

in September 1913, a month before his thirty-sixth birthday.

For the rest of his career, Avery (53. FOCUS ) his research on pneumonia bacteria.

Penicillin antibiotics (54. BE ) still decades away, and over 50 thousand people in

America (55. BE ) dying of pneumonia every year.

America (56. ENTER ) World War 1 in 1917. Avery (57. ATTEMPT ) to join the U.S.

Army Medical Corps as an officer. He (58. BE REFUSE ), because, although he had

lived all his adult life in America – over 30 years in fact – he was not a citizen.

Avery, 40 years old and an eminent bacteriologist, (59. ENLIST ) as a private – the

lowest rank. Then, because he was on active duty in wartime, he (60. BE

NATURALIZE ) as an American citizen. In 1918 he was promoted to Medical Corps

Captain.

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