A

Learning Material
in
P.E. 14
(Midterm)

Prepared by: Marfred T. Sanchez

 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

Objectives: Did you know?

At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to  The Philippines hosted the FIBA World

 discuss the nature and background of basketball; Championship in 1978.

 The Philippines has the most wins in the
 be familiar with the facilities and equipment used in
Olympics among teams outside the
playing basketball;
Americas, Europe, and Oceania.
 interpret rules and regulations of basketball;
 The Philippines won a bronze medal in the
 explain proficiently the basic skills in basketball. 1954 FIBA World Championship, the best
finish by any team outside the Americas
and Europe.
st
 Gilas Pilipinas currently ranks 31 in FIBA.

Pre-Assessment:
Before you proceed any further, you have to pass through the pre-assessment items below in order
to find out whether you already have prior knowledge on the terms, skills, and understanding in basketball.
Read the directions carefully and write your answer in your activity sheet/notebook.

BASKETBALL WORD SEARCH

Find and encircle the ten (10) basketball terminologies in the puzzle below. The terminologies may be
forward, backward, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

A V E R Y I S T A N O R S Y T
R E B S S D A E F L A R E E N
O R S A K G R E E L E V R C A
T P A O C O R I M U Y X S E F
H E R T I K A S B R I I B N E
E R P A S S B T T B A B Y T W
S T T S M A T O A M L E O E G
B A S S E K O T A A S E N R E
D U R I A N N Y S R R S X E W
O S N S A U S A O A D M B T E
A S G T E D B O N F T A G E D
G A R S R E B O U N D F I S I
A N Q G S P E O G E G Y W O P
T S H O O T B R C T Q G R O E
L A N S T R A A G T D R A S S
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL
HISTORY OF THE GAME

What to Know!

A game that started using one class with eighteen men and an instructor in YMCA, Springfield, Massachusetts, has grown into
a game that more than 300 million people play worldwide. The man who created this instantly successful sport was a 31-year
old, James Naismith. After graduating with a theology degree, Naismith embraced his love of athletics and headed to Spring-
field to study physical education – at that time, a relatively new and unknown academic discipline – under Luther Halsey Gu-
lick, superintendent of physical education at Springfield College and today renowned as the father of physical education and
recreation in the United States.
As Naismith, a second-year graduate student who had been named to the teaching faculty, in class discussions, Gulick had
stressed the need for a new indoor game, one “that would be interesting, easy to learn, and easy to play in the winter and by
artificial light.” Two instructors had already tried and failed to devise activities that would interest the young men. The faculty
had met to discuss what was becoming a persistent problem with the class’s unbridled energy and disinterest in required work.
During the meeting, Naismith later wrote that he had expressed his opinion that “the trouble is not with the men, but with the
system that we are using.” He felt that the kind of work needed to motivate and inspire the young men he faced “should be of a
re-creative nature, something that would appeal to their play instincts.” Before the end of the faculty meeting, Gulick gave two
weeks to invent a game. “Naismith,” he said. “I want you to take that class and see what you can do with it.”
So Naismith went to work. His charge was to create a game that was easy to assimilate, yet complex enough to be interesting.
It had to be playable indoors or on any kind of ground, and by a large number of players all at once. It should provide plenty of
exercise, yet without the roughness of football, soccer, or rugby since those would threaten bruises and broken bones if played
in a confined space. It became an adaptation of many games. Much time and thought went into this new creation.
Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he could find two, 18-inch square boxes to use as goals. The janitor came
back with two peach baskets instead. Naismith then nailed them to the lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one at each end.
The height of that lower balcony rail happened to be ten feet.
On December 21, 1891, Naismith then drew up the 13 original rules on the bulletin board, which described the method of mov-
ing the ball and what constituted a foul. A referee was appointed. The game is divided into two, 15-minute halves with a five-
minute resting period in between. That day, he asked his class to play a match in the gymnasium: 9 versus 9, using a soccer
ball and two peach baskets. A short time later, the teams were chosen with three centers, three forwards, and three guards
per side. Two of the centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball, and the game of “basket ball” was born. The eighteen
players were John G. Thompson, Eugene S. Libby, Edwin P. Ruggles, William R. Chase, T. Duncan Patton, Frank Mahan,
Finlay G. MacDonald, William H. Davis and Lyman Archibald, who defeated George Weller, Wilbert Carey, Ernest Hildner,
Raymond Kaighn, Genzabaro Ishikawa, Benjamin S. French, Franklin Barnes, George Day and Henry Gelan 1–0. The goal
was scored by Chase. At first they need to get the ball in the peach basket using a stair. After a while, the bottoms of the fruit
baskets were removed.
It was an instant success. A few weeks after the game was invented, students introduced the game at their own YMCAs. The
rules were printed in a College magazine, which was mailed to YMCAs around the country. Because of the College’s well-
represented international student body, the game of basketball was introduced to many foreign nations in a relatively short
period of time. The first public basketball game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892. High schools
and colleges began to introduce the new game, and by 1905, basketball was officially recognized as a permanent winter sport.
So now you know the true story of James Naismith and the invention of basketball.
References: https://springfield.edu/where-basketball-was-invented-the-birthplace-of-basketball
https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-basketball.htm
P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

COURT DIMENSIONS and EQUIPMENT

In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular
floor, with baskets at each end. In professional or organized basketball, especially
when played indoors, it is usually made out of a wood, often maple, and highly polished
What to Know!
and completed with a 10 foot rim.
Basketball courts come in different sizes. The baskets are always 10 feet (3.05 m) above the floor (except
possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A basket made
from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or with a player's foot touch-
ing the line, is worth 2 points. The free-throw line, where one stands while taking a foul shot, is located with-
in the three-point arc at 15 feet from the plane of the backboard. A foul shot is worth 1 point, but if a shot is
made from the foul line while in play it is still worth 2 points.

Table 1. Comparison of Basketball Court Dimension in Professional and International level of Competition.
Professional Level FIBA
Area
Imperial Metric Imperial Metric
Court length 94 ft 28.65 m 91.86 ft 28 m

Court width 50 ft 15.24 m 49.21 ft 15 m

Rim height 10 ft 3.05 m 10 ft. 3.05 m

No Charge Zone arc 4 ft 1.22 m 4.10 ft 1.25 m

Center circle diameter 12 ft 3.66 m 11.81 ft 3.6 m

23.75 ft 7.24 m 22.15 ft 6.75 m
3-point line distance from the basket
22 ft in corner 6.70 m in corner 21.65 ft in corner 6.60 m in corner
Key (shaded lane or
16 ft 4.88 m 16.08 ft 4.9 m
restricted area) width
Free-throw line distance from point on
15 ft 4.57 m 15.09 ft 4.6 m
the floor directly below the backboard

BASKETBALL COURT LAYOUT

P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

EQUIPMENT IN BASKETBALL
After knowing the facilities, it is better to have the idea of
the necessary equipment which will lead you to play
basketball. The game needs very few equipment when
What to Know!
played casually. But the requirement goes up and up in
the international matches. Let’s know more the details about the required equipment to play basketball.

The following equipment will be required:

 Backboard—It is a raised vertical board with an attached basket consisting of a net suspended from a
hoop. Regulation backboards are 6 feet (183 cm) wide by 3.5 feet (107 cm) tall. The inner rectangle on
the backboard is 24 inches (61 cm) wide by 18 inches (46 cm) tall.
 Basket / Hoop / Ring—is a horizontal metallic rim circular in shape with 18 inches (46 cm) diameter; with
an attached net affixed to a backboard .
 Basketball—the most visible equipment in the game. The size of it varies depends on the level of compe-
tition. For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches (75 cm) in circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and
weighs 22 oz (623.69 grams). If women are playing, the official basketball size is 28.5 inches (72 cm) in
circumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") with a weight of 20 oz (567 grams).
Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, score sheets, scoreboard, alternating
possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems.

As stated in the history of the game, basketball is an original game invented by Dr.
James Naismith in 1891. He designed it with rules of its own. These are the rules
published in January 15, 1892 in the school newspaper, The Triangle, where he
instituted the game. Let’s know more of the first thirteen (13) rules in basketball.
What to Know!

Original 13 Rules of Basketball by Dr. James Naismith

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist).
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allow-
ance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be
allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him
until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no
substitute allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3,4, and such as described in Rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means
without the opponents in the mean time making a foul).
P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

Original 13 Rules of Basketball by Dr. James Naismith

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there,
providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the
opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In
case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if
he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call
a foul on that side.
10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consec-
utive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side
it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the
goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes' rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game
may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.

Reference: https://www.thoughtco.com/thirteen-rules-of-basketball-4077058

BASIC RULES IN BASKETBALL

The rules of basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play or where the
game is played. These rule differences, however, are usually just variations on the
basic game of basketball and the majority of the rules discussed below can be applied
What to Know!
to most any game of basketball played.
Keep on reading to further understand the basketball rules so you can apply it on your games.

The Rules
 Basketball is a team sport.
 Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet.
 The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end.
 The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line.
 Each time is assigned a basket or goal to defend. At halftime, the team switch goals.
 The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is
called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense.
 Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of the ball
in the area behind the midcourt line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.
 The defense tries to steal the ball, contest shots, deflect passes, and garner rebounds.
 The game begins with one player from either team at center court.
 A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip it to a
teammate. This is called a tip-off.
P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

On Getting Points
 The winner of a basketball game is the team with the most points.
 You get points by throwing the basketball through the opponent's hoop or basket.
 In regular play a basket made from within the three point line is worth 2 points and a basket shot from
outside the three point line is worth three points. When shooting a free throw, each free throw is worth 1
point.

On FREE THROWS
 Free throws are awarded to a team when opponent committed fouls.
 Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws being awarded the shooter, depending upon
where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots.
 Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number (five team fouls)
have accumulated in a quarter (called “team fouls”). Once that number is reached, then the player who
was fouled is automatically awarded of two free throws.

On GAME CLOCK
 Usually games are played in four quarters of 10 minutes (FIBA) or 12 minutes (Professional level).
 Each game is divided into two halves (first half and second half) with 15 minutes of half-time break.
 If the score is tied at the end of the regulation, then overtime periods are played until a winner emerges.
Overtime periods are five minutes in length.
 The clock or time runs whenever the ball is in play. The clock is stopped whenever the ball goes out of
bounds, a foul is called, free throws are being shot, and during timeouts. When the ball is inbound, the
clock starts once a player touches the ball.
 In order to speed up the game, a shot clock was added. This is how long you have to shoot the ball. If
the ball changes possession or hits the rim of the basket, the shot clock starts over. The length of the
shot clock is 24 seconds.
 If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten (10) seconds to get the
ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball.

On TYPES OF FOULS
 An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through certain types of physical contact is illegal and is
called a personal foul. These are most commonly committed by defensive players; however, they can be
committed by offensive players as well.
 Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact such as hitting, pushing, slapping, holding, and
illegal screening.
 When a player pushes or runs over a defensive player an offensive foul is committed . This type of foul is
also called charging foul.
 Blocking is an illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to pre-
vent an opponent's drive to the basket.
 Violent contact with an opponent may result to Flagrant foul. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching.
This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the free
throws.
 Intentional foul is called when a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable
effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
 A player or a coach can commit a Technical foul. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even
arguing can be considered a technical foul.
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

On TYPES OF VIOLATIONS
 Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once
you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
 Carrying or Palming occurs when the dribbling player continues to dribble after allowing the ball to come
to rest in one or both hands.
 Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling
again is a double dribble.
 If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket, while it's on the
way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim,
it's goaltending and the shot counts.
 Backcourt violation occurs once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go
back across the line during possession.
 Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does
not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a player can-
not have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, shot-clock restrictions re-
quiring a team to attempt a shot within 24 seconds.

References: https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/basics/basics.html
https://www.ducksters.com/sports/basketballrules.php

BASKETBALL PLAYER POSITIONS

The rules of basketball do not define any specific player positions. This is different from
many other major sports like football, baseball, and soccer where at least some players
What to Know! must be in certain positions during the play of the game (the goalie in soccer, for exam-
ple). So the positions in basketball are more part of an overall strategy of the game. There are 5 traditional
positions that most teams have in their offense and defensive schemes. Many players today are inter-
changeable or can play many positions.

The five traditional basketball player positions are:

Point guard: The point guard is the team leader and play caller on the basketball court. A point
guard needs good ball handling skills, passing skills as well as strong leadership and decision making skills.
Traditionally basketball point guards were small and fast players.
Shooting guard: The shooting guard in basketball has the main responsibility of making long out-
side shots including the three-point shot. The shooting guard also should be a good passer and able to help
the point guard with the ball handling. Shooting guards are often the top scorer on a team.
Small forward: Along with the shooting guard, the small forward is often the most versatile player
on the basketball team. They should be able to help with ball handling, make an outside shot, and get re-
bounds. The small forward is often a great defensive player as well. The combination of height and quick-
ness can allow them to defend a number of positions and take on the best scorer on the opposing team.
Power forward: The power forward on a basketball team is usually responsible for rebounding and
some scoring in the paint. A power forward should be big and strong and able to clear out some space un-
der the basket. Many great power forwards in the game today do not score a lot of points, but lead their
team in rebounds. Power forwards are often good shot blockers as well.
Center: The center is usually the biggest or tallest member of the basketball team. The center can be
a big scorer, but also needs to be a strong rebounder and shot blocker. On many teams the center is the
final line of defense.

Reference: https://www.ducksters.com/sports/basketballpositions.php
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL
FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
The fundamentals of basketball are the MOST important thing to master because they
will make you and your team better no matter what age level or team you play for.
There are SO many different situations that you will face when playing basketball. And
the only thing that works against ALL situations, no matter what age level or team are
What to Know!
the FUNDAMENTALS!
It's those little things that make the best teams and players. If you can master those little fundamentals, they
work no matter what!

Here are the Key Basketball Fundamentals That Will Make You a Better Player
 SHOOTING
 PASSING
 DRIBBLING
 REBOUNDING

HOW TO SHOOT A BASKETBALL

Knowing how to shoot a basketball correctly is the most important skill you need to master in order to play the
game. You need to be able to put the ball in the hoop. With the right form and habits you will be well ahead of
the game!

STEPS in Shooting a Basketball

1. Locate the target.
2. Keep your feet no further than shoulder width apart, preferably closer together, and slightly staggered.
3. Flex your knees slightly.
4. Grip the ball correctly.
5. Dip the ball down to your waist or thigh.
6. Position your elbow so it's inline with your shoulder, not directly under the ball.
7. Straighten your knees and jump.
8. Jump slightly forward when you shoot, making sure your shoulders lean back and are relaxed.
9. Turn more in the air and jump forward, keeping your shoulders back, if you need to shoot a longer shot.
10. Push the ball upward with your shooting hand.
11. Release the ball and follow through.
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL
HOW TO PASS A BASKETBALL

Basketball is team game, and although the one scoring the points usually gets the limelight, the person as-
sisting them is just as important. Much like dribbling and shooting, passing the ball is a fundamental part of
basketball that you must master in order to become better.

There are essentially two types of passes:

 Air Pass - The pass travels between players without hitting the floor.
 Bounce Pass - The pass is thrown to the floor so that it bounces to the intended receiver.

Things to remember in passing a basketball :

 A good pass is a pass a teammate can catch
 When passing, step toward your receiver.
 When catching, step toward the pass like shooting, the ball should have a backspin to it. This is accom-
plished by following through on every pass.

PERFORMING a BOUNCE PASS

 Grip the ball on both sides with your fingertips pointed towards your chin.
 Bring the ball towards your chest.
 Take a step with your dominant foot and throw the ball.
 Bounce the ball instead of throwing it in the air to perform a bounce pass.

PERFORMING an AIR PASS

 Put a hand on each side of the ball with your fingers spread apart.
 Bring the ball up over your head.
 Step forward with your dominant foot and throw the ball.
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL
HOW TO DRIBBLE A BASKETBALL
In basketball, dribbling is bouncing the ball on the floor continuously with one hand at a time. It is the only
legal move a basketball player can use to advance the ball on his court while walking or running.

Key Reminders when Dribbling a Basketball:

 Touch the ball with your fingertips, not your palm.
 Get in a low stance.
 Bounce the ball off of the ground.
 Keep your hand on top of the ball.
 Keep the ball low.

STEPS in Dribbling a Basketball

1. Keep your head up and your eyes on the game. Don’t look at the ball.
2. Extend your arm and snap your wrists to send the ball into the ground
3. Use your fingers, not your palms, to control the ball.
4. Do not bounce the ball too high while dribbling.
5. Use your body and your non-dribbling arm to shield the ball from defenders. Keep your body between
your defender and the ball.
6. Be aware of where you dribble the ball.

HOW TO REBOUND A BASKETBALL

Rebounding is one of the most important aspects of winning basketball games. A rebound is when a player
gains control of a basketball after a shot is missed. After the ball bounces off the rim or backboard, you need
to grab the ball into to get a rebound. You can do this with your own shot, or another player's shot. Whether
you are playing offense or defense, getting a rebound is crucial for your team to have control of the ball.
Having the right position on the court and knowing where the ball is at all times will give you the best chance
of bringing down a rebound. Stay alert and be aggressive, and you can lead your team in this crucial stat
that contributes to winning games.

1. Find a good position on the court.

Before the shot even goes in the air,
be on the lockout or a good position.
First, look for other players on your
tam, and make sure you are not getting
in a teammate’s way.
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

2. Get low to the ground. A good way to pre-

pare yourself for a rebound is to get low on the
ground. This usually involves crouching slightly
so you may easily jump into the air to catch the
basketball for rebound.

3. Spread your arms. Keep your hands up and

arms open wide. This allows you to have to have
the widest coverage on the court, blocking other
players. It also prepares your arms for catching
the ball. When rebound comes, you’ll need to
jump and grab quickly the basketball.

4. Box out your opponent, if necessary. You

may also need to block opposing players going
for the rebound, a process called boxing out. You
can use your hands and feet to position yourself
between the opposing player and the basket. If
you’re crouching and spreading your arms,
you’re already in the box out position.

5. Jump towards the ball and grasp the ball

with both hands, if possible. As soon as the
ball came off the glass or the rim, spring up with
your arms outstretched. Always try to grab the
ball with both hands. Rebounding with one hand
gives your opponent to swat the ball away easily.
Hug the ball to your body as you come down.

References: https://www.wikihow.com/Shoot-a-Basketball
https://www.wikihow.com/Pass-a-Basketball
https://www.wikihow.com/Dribble-a-Basketball
https://www.wikihow.com/Rebound-in-Basketball
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

ACTIVITY GUIDE
A storyboard is a graphic organizer that plans a narrative. Storyboards are a powerful way
to visually present information; the linear direction of the cells is perfect for storytelling,
explaining a process, and showing the passage of time. At their core, storyboards are a
set of sequential drawings to tell a story. By breaking a story into linear, bite-sized chunks,
it allows the author to focus on each cell separately, without distraction. A storyboard is
What to do!
laid out in a comic book-like form.

Hand-drawn storyboards
The classic storyboarding process is drawing by hand. You sketch out a mock-up of what each shot will look
like. You don’t need to be a great artist to create a storyboard—stick figures are enough. The principal goal is
to convey the main action that is happening in the shot, so each frame doesn’t need to be very detailed.

Use the next page to create a Rubric for Storyboard Project

summary through an informative
storybook. You may choose a topic
from any of the following: Category 5 4-3 2-1

1. History of basketball Information is clear and Information is organized, The information appears

2. Equipment used in basketball
3. Basic rules of basketball
4. About the Player’s positions
5. Basic skills in basketball
Attractiveness ally attractive in terms of attractive in terms of messy or very partly
Organization very well-organized in but not entirely sequential to be disorganized.
sequential order. or with clarity.
Storyboard incudes all Storyboard is missing 1-2 Storyboard is missing 3 or
Required required elements: title, required element. more required element.
setting, characters, plot,
Elements conclusion, and personal
reaction.
All content is from the At least half of the content Less than half of the con-
student’s insight and is is from the student’s in- tent is from the stu-
Content accurate. sight and is accurate. dent’s insight and is accu-
rate.
Storyboard is exception- Storyboard is acceptably Storyboard is distractingly
design, labelling, layout, design, labelling, layout, designed.
and neatness. and neatness.
P.E. 14 BASKETBALL
STORYBOARD PROJECT
 P.E. 14 BASKETBALL

ACTIVITY GUIDE
Modified True or False. Write T if the statement is TRUE, and F if the statement
is FALSE on the space provided before the item. Explain your answer in not less
than 20 words.

What to do!

________ 1. Each time starts the game with nine players on the court.
Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________ 2. Possession of the ball at the start of the game is decided by a coin toss.
Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________ 3. Taking one step without dribbling the ball is called cheating.
Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________ 4. If the score is tied after regulation time the game goes into a rematch.
Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

If a player is fouled and made a successful shot behind the three point-line will be rewarded three
________ 5.
free throws.
Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________ 6. A free throw is a contested shot at the basket.

Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________ 7. A field goal always scores two points.

Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________ 8. Each team is given twenty-four seconds to shoot the ball.

Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 A
Learning Material
in
P.E. 14
(Finals)

Prepared by: Marfred T. Sanchez

 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

Objectives: Did you know?

At the end of the lesson, learners should be  About 95% of sports injuries are minor soft
able to tissue traumas.
 identify and differentiate the common injuries  The most common sports injury is a bruise.
encountered in team sports;  More sports injuries occur during practices

 identify preventions and risk factors of sports- rather than actual games.
related injuries;  About 2.6 million young athletes are treated in

 understand and explain the concept of First Aid; the emergency department every year for
sports-related injuries.
 identify and assess the appropriate first aid and
 More than half of all sports injuries in children
treatment of each sport injuries.
are preventable.
 Football has the highest sports-related injury
rate.

Pre-Assessment:
Before you proceed any further, you have to pass through the pre-assessment items below in order
to find out whether you have prior knowledge about sports-related injuries. Read the directions carefully
and write your answer in your activity sheet/notebook.

Select your answer among the jumbled words in the text box.

SPORTS INJURIES

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

(NERBOK GEL) (KENROB MAR)

(JERUDIN KENE) (SWITDET KANEL)

(MUBP) (RUBISE)

(CICUSOSONN) (CODISTELAD STWIR)

( ) ( )
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

In the world of sports, injuries are bound to happen. Whether you’re at the gym or out
playing a game, you could experience an unfortunate event. Fatigue is a large contrib-
uting factor that results in many sport injuries. There are times where an athlete may
participate on low energy leading to the deterioration in technique or form, resulting in a
What to Know! slower reaction time, loss in stability of muscle joints, and allowing an injury to occur.

WHAT ARE SPORTS INJURIES?

Sports injuries are injuries that occur during sport, athletic activities, or exercising. This are commonly
caused by overuse, direct impact, or acute trauma and the application of force that is greater than the body
can structurally withstand. This form of injury can affect bones or soft tissue, such as ligaments, muscles,
and tendons. Medical investigation is important, as leaving an injury untreated can have far more severe
consequences.
There are two kinds of sports injuries: acute and chronic. An injury that occurs suddenly, such as a sprained
ankle caused by an awkward landing, is known as an acute injury. Chronic injuries are caused by repeated
overuse of muscle groups or joints. Poor technique and structural abnormalities can also contribute to the
development of chronic injuries.
Sports injuries may be classified into two: soft tissue injuries and hard tissue injuries.
Soft tissue injury is the damage of muscles, ligaments and tendons throughout the body. Common soft
tissue injuries usually occur from a sprain, strain, a one off blow resulting in a contusion or overuse of a
particular part of the body. Soft tissue injuries can result in pain, swelling, bruising and loss of function.
Hard tissue injury is the term given to an injury that damages the bones or teeth. They are generally
bone fractures or commonly called “broken bones.” They include fractures and dislocation, which are
the most common hard tissue injuries. A fracture is when there is the incidence of a crack, chip or break
in the bone. Bone fractures often take significant time to heal because there is a relatively low blood supply
to hard tissue.

Remember you need to identify different types of injury. Make sure the injury has two (2)
classifications for a complete classification of the injury e.g.) a laceration of the leg from an
ice-skate during a hockey game is a direct soft tissue injury.

Soft and hard tissue injury classifications are opposing and cannot be combined in the
classification of sports injuries.
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

Increasing numbers of people of all ages have been heeding the advice to get active for
all of the health benefits exercise has to offer. But sports injuries can be the price you
pay, particularly if you overdo it or you don't properly train or warm-up.
Fortunately, most sports injuries can be treated effectively, and most people who suffer
What to Know! injuries can return to a satisfying level of physical activity after an injury. Even better,
many sports injuries can be prevented if you take the proper precautions.

SHIN SPLINT DISLOCATED SHOULDER

WRIST SPRAIN ACL INJURY

LOWER BACK PAIN TENNIS ELBOW

ANKLE SPRAIN HAMSTRING STRAIN

DISLOCATED KNEECAP BROKEN LEG

Reference: https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/sports_injuries
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

Shin splints are throbbing, aching, or stabbing pain on the insides of the lower leg. Shin splints
SHIN SPLINT are a repetitive use injury that may occur in runners or those who are beginning to exercise. Pain
occurs when muscles and tendons around the tibia become inflamed. Stretching, resting, and
applying ice can help relieve shin splints. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce pain
and swelling. Bandaging the area may help prevent swelling. Flat feet increase the risk of shin
splints. Proper athletic shoes may offer support and decrease the risk of shin splints.

When the two bones that come together to form a joint become separated, the joint is described
DISLOCATED SHOULDER as being dislocated. Contact sports such as a high-impact sports and sports that can result in
excessive stretching or falling, cause the majority of dislocations. A dislocated joint is an emergency
situation that requires medical treatment. The joints most likely to be dislocated are some of the
hand joints. Aside from these joints, the joint most frequently dislocated is the shoulder.

A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins the end of one
WRIST SPRAIN bone with another. Sprains are caused by trauma such as a fall or blow to the body that knocks a
joint out of position and, in the worst case, ruptures the supporting ligaments. Sprains can range
from first degree (minimally stretched ligament) to third degree (a complete tear). Signs of a sprain
include varying degrees of tenderness or pain, bruising, inflammation, swelling, inability to move a
limb or joint, or joint looseness, laxity, or instability.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) helps hold the knee joint together and provides stability. A torn
ACL INJURY ACL is a sports injury that may occur when landing the wrong way, changing direction or stopping
quickly, or from a direct blow to the knee. People who suffer a torn ACL may hear a pop and then
feel their knee no longer functions. Pain, swelling, and loss of range of motion are symptoms of a
torn ACL. It may be difficult to walk. A torn ACL needs to be reconstructed surgically, usually using a
graft from another ligament in the patient's own body. Significant rehabilitation is necessary, braces
and physical therapy will not cure the condition, but may provide some relief.

Back pain may be due to overuse, such as playing many rounds of golf or lifting heavy weights. This
LOWER BACK PAIN kind of back strain usually resolves on its own without treatment. Rest and anti-inflammatory medi-
cations can provide relief. Using proper form when exercising and increasing the duration of
workouts slowly can help protect the back. In some cases, it may be necessary to modify exercise
technique or perform daily activities in a different way in order to reduce the risk of back injury.

Tennis elbow is an overuse injury that may be associated with playing racket sports. Tennis elbow
TENNIS ELBOW involves inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the elbow caused by small tears. Tennis
elbow causes pain and may be associated with a weak grip. Rest and nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory medications can help alleviate tennis elbow symptoms. Wearing a special brace on
the forearm may help decrease pressure on the sore area. Physical therapy may be helpful.

A sprained ankle occurs when the ligaments that support the joint become overstretched. Ankle
ANKLE SPRAIN sprains may occur when playing sports or doing everyday activities. Stepping wrong on an uneven
surface or stepping in a way that twists or rolls the foot may lead to an ankle sprain. The pain they
cause may range from mild to severe. RICE -- rest, ice, compression, and elevation -- are used to
treat ankle sprains. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can alleviate pain and swelling. Severe
sprains may require a brace or cast for several weeks to facilitate healing.

Muscle strain is another name for a pulled muscle. Hamstring strain is the most common site for
HAMSTRING STRAIN pulled muscles. It occurs when a muscle is overstretched and tears. Symptoms of a hamstring strain
may include pain, swelling, weakness, and difficulty or inability to use the leg. Minor muscle strains
resolve with RICE -- Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may
help manage pain and swelling as well. More serious muscle strains require evaluation by a doctor.

A dislocate kneecap is an injury that normally takes about 6 weeks to heal. It’s often caused by a
DISLOCATED KNEECAP blow or a sudden change in direction when the leg is planted on the ground, such as dancing or
during sports. When a kneecap dislocates, it is usually look out of place or at odd angle. But in many
cases it will pop back into place. Symptoms of a dislocated kneecap may include a popping sen-
sation, severe knee pain, being unable to straighten the knee, and sudden swelling of the knee.
RICE -- rest, ice, compression, and elevation -- are used to treat dislocated kneecap. Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs can alleviate pain and swelling. Severe injury may require knee support for
several weeks to facilitate healing.

Your leg contains 4 bones; femur, patella, tibia, and fibula. After an accident, these bones may
BROKEN LEG break (fracture) into two or more pieces. A fracture can be CLOSED (the skin is not broken) or OPEN
(the skin is open and there is a risk of infection). This can occur from falls, trauma, and a direct blow
to a bone. Symptoms of a broken leg may include severe pain, swelling, bruising, obvious deformity,
and the inability to walk. The primary treatment for a broken bone is to make sure the ends of the
bone are properly aligned . Once the bones are properly positioned, the leg is typically immobilized
with a splint. In severe cases, surgery is necessary. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can allevi-
ate pain and swelling.
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the injury. Always see your doctor
if pain persists after a couple of days. What you may think is a straightforward
sprain may actually be a fractured bone. Physiotherapy can help to rehabilitate the
injured site and, depending on the injury, may include exercises to promote strength
What to Know! and flexibility. Trying to play before the injury is properly healed will only cause further
damage and delay recovery. The biggest single risk factor for soft tissue injury is a
previous injury. While the injury heals, you can maintain your fitness by choosing forms of exercise that don’t
involve that part of your body, if possible.

Following the PRICER technique after an injury can provide initial pain relief and help prevent any further
damage. Find out how you can use it.

What is PRICER?
Protection – Protect the injured area until it can be evaluated. This may include a compression bandaging,
taping, or bracing to prevent further injury.
Rest – Stop or take a break from the activity that is causing your pain or soreness.
Ice – Apply ice to the affected area for 10 to 20 minutes several times a day. Put a towel between your skin
and the ice pack to avoid skin irritation. Allow the skin temperature to return to normal before icing again
(60 minutes).
Compression – Wrap the injured area with a compression tape or elastic bandage to help decrease
swelling. If you experience an increase in pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, or coolness below the elastic
bandage, it may be wrapped too tight.
Elevation – Elevate the injured or sore area above the level of your heart while applying ice to help reduce
swelling.
Referral – Medical assistance should be sought as soon as possible to determine the full extent of the
injury. A physical therapist can develop a treatment plan for full recovery and return to sport.

Reference: https://prohealthphysio.com.au/lcps-netball-physio/

Most minor sports injuries can be managed at home using first aid treatment. For the first two to
three (2-3) days , after you injury, you should follow the PRICER method to treat the injury.

Applying the PRICER method can alleviate the pain you are experiencing and prevent further
damage in the injured part of your body.
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

Physical activity is an important part of maintaining overall health. However, certain

precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of sports injuries. Using the correct
equipment and maintaining equipment can help prevent sports injuries. Rest between
workouts gives the body time to rest and repair. Starting activity slowly and gradually
increasing strength, flexibility, and endurance gives muscles, bones, and other tissues
What to Know! the opportunity to adapt to more difficult workouts, minimizing the risk of injury.
Finally, listening to the body and backing off at the first signs of pain, discomfort,
stress, or overheating will help reduce the risk of sports injuries.
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

When you understand first aid, you'll gain the ability to help those in need. This gives
you the best opportunity for a positive outcome – and gives you the opportunity to
change someone's life for the better.

What to Know!

First aid is the assistance given to a person suffering a sudden illness or injury until full medical treatment
is available. The purpose of first aid is to minimize injury and future disability. In serious cases, first aid
may be necessary to keep the victim alive.

First Aid Steps

1
Before administering care to an ill or injured person, check the scene and the person. Size up the
scene and form an initial impression.
Pause and looks at the scene and the person before responding. Answer the following questions:
- Is the scene safe to enter?
- What happened?
- How many people are involved?
- What is my initial impression about the nature of the person’s illness or injury? Does the person have any life-
threatening conditions, such as severe, life-threatening bleeding?
- Is anyone else available to help?

2
If the Person is awake and Responsive and there is no severe life-threatening bleeding:
- Obtain consent: Tell the person your name, describes type and level of training, states what you thinks is
wrong and what you plans to do, and asks permission to provide care.
- Tell a bystander to get first aid kit: Point to a bystander and speak out loud.
- Use appropriate PPE: Put on gloves, if available.
- Interview the person: Uses SAMPLE questions to gather more information about signs and symptoms, allergies,
medications, pertinent medical history, last food or drink and events leading up to the incident.
- Conduct a head-to-toe check: Check head and neck, shoulders, chest and abdomen, hips, legs and feet, arms
and hands for signs of injury.
- Provide care consistent with knowledge and training according to the conditions you find.
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

First Aid Steps

3
If the Person Appears Unresponsive:
Shout to get the person’s attention, using the person’s name if it is known. If there is no response, tap the
person’s shoulder (if the person is an adult or child) or the bottom of the person ’s foot (if the person is an in-
fant) and shout again, while checking for normal breathing. Check for responsiveness and breathing for no more
than 5-10 seconds.

4
If the person is breathing:
- Send someone to call 911 or the designated emergency number and obtain first aid kit.
- Proceed with gathering information from bystanders using the SAMPLE questions
- Conduct a head-to-toe check.
- Roll the person onto his or her side into a recovery position if there are no obvious signs of injury.

5
If the person is NOT breathing:
- Send someone to call 911 or the designated emergency number and obtain first aid kit.
- Ensure that the person is face-up on a firm, flat surface such as the floor or ground.
- Begin CPR (starting with compressions) if you are trained in giving CPR .
- Continue administering CPR until the person exhibits signs of life, such as breathing or trained medical responders
arrive on scene.

Note: End CPR if the scene becomes unsafe or you cannot continue due to exhaustion.

Reference: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/first-aid/performing-first-aid/first-aid-steps
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

ACTIVITY GUIDE
An infographic is a visual representation of any kind of information or data. Whether it’s a
study on market trends or a step-by-step guide on how to do your laundry, an infographic
can help you present that information in the form of an attractive visual graphic. It is use to
explain difficult concepts or break down complex information to make it easier to under-
stand. Infographics are great for making complex information easy to digest.
What to do!

Create an infographic outline from existing content using these steps:

 Determine the key takeaways of your content
 Determine the title, headers, sub-headers and facts
 Consider the length of paragraphs and points
 Pick an infographic template but you need to pick the right type of infographic template for your
content.

Use the next page to create Rubric for Infographic Project

an infographic to discuss and
elaborate the concepts that Category 5 4-3 2-1
constitute sports injuries.  Layout is organized and  Generally with good lay-  Layout is disorganized.
uses consistent style. out .  Layout distracts from
Design  Color scheme has visual  Color Scheme clashes. content.
(Layout—Color appeal and works with  Hard to read fonts.
Scheme—Fonts)  Color Scheme is confus-
content. ing.
 Fonts are legible and  Just random fonts.
consistent.

Clarity  Main idea is obvious and  Main idea is understanda-  Main idea is confusing.
(Efficiency— easy to understand. ble.  Infographic makes a poor
Clear impres-  No unnecessary graphic  Some graphics or visuals initial impression.
sion) or visuals. are unneeded.

 Appropriate terms, vo-  Some terms, vocabularies,  Lacking in appropriate

Content cabularies, and jargons and jargons used incor- terminology
(Terms— defined and used. rectly or without explana-
Facts—Quantity  Not enough data
 More than enough data to tion.
and Quality of
data) make claims.  Limited data.
 The data is informative.  Data is questionable.
P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES
INFOGRAPHIC PROJECT
 P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES

ACTIVITY GUIDE
A concept map is a visual representation of what you know about a topic. It helps you to
organize, analyze, and communicate your ideas. Concept maps are a graphical tool that is
used to visualize meaningful relationships among concepts.

Concept maps (also known as mind maps) can be made with a pencil and paper.
What to do!

The process of concept mapping involves three major steps:

 Step 1: List key concepts/terms related to the topic
 Step 2: Build up concepts to elaborate key concepts
 Step 3: Identify links between concepts

Step 1: List key concepts related to the topic

List all the concepts related to the topic which you consider essential to understanding the topic. For example,
for the topic "cooperative learning," Jose determined the key concepts to be:
 Team Responsibilities—Individual Responsibilities—Characteristics—Roles

Step 2: Build up concepts to elaborate key concepts

After defining the key concepts, you then expand on those concepts. Ask yourself the question:
"What are the important concepts, facts, ideas, terms, etc. that explain the key concept?"

Step 3: Identify links between concepts

It is important to show how or why certain concepts relate to one another. This is called linking – explaining
the connection between two separate parts of your concept map.

Use the next page to create a concept

map. Choose one of the sport injury and
discuss the steps on how you will treat the
injury for the first three days.

Rubric for Concept Mapping Project

Category 5 4-3 2-1

 Layout is  Generally with  Layout is dis-

organized and good layout . organized.
appealing.  Hard to read  Just random
Layout
 Uses consistent fonts. fonts.
style.

 Arrangement of  Arrangement of  Arrangement of

concepts concepts demon- concepts illus-
demonstrates strates simple trates no under-
Concepts complete understanding of standing of the
understanding of the topic. topic.
the topic.

 All relationships  Most relationships  Some basic

indicated by a indicated by a relationships
connecting line connecting line indicated by a
and accurately and accurately connecting lines.
Linkages labeled with labeled with link-
appropriate ing words.
linking words.
P.E. 14 SPORTS INJURIES
CONCEPT MAPPING PROJECT