Module Practice Tracker: Basic Mathematics

MODULE PRACTICE TRACKER
BASIC MATHEMATICS
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC – WISE SHEETS No. of Que. Attempted
SHEET # 01 15
SHEET # 02 15
SHEET # 03 15
SHEET # 04 15
SHEET # 05 15
SHEET # 06 15
SHEET # 07 15
SHEET # 08 15
Total Questions 120
PROGRESSIONS
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC – WISE SHEETS No. of Que. Attempted
SHEET # 01 15
SHEET # 02 15
SHEET # 03 15
SHEET # 04 15
SHEET # 05 15
SHEET # 06 15
SHEET # 07 15
SHEET # 08 15
SHEET # 09 15
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAINS 50
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAIN CORNER 45
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED
SHEET # 01 OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS 36
SHEET # 02 OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS 14
SHEET # 03 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS 25
SHEET # 04 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS 20
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER 18
Total Questions 343
2 BASIC MATHEMATICS, LOGARITHMS & PROGRESSIONS
BASIC MATHEMATICS
INDEX
 CONCEPTS IN BRIEF 1 – 12
 SOLVED EXAMPLES 13 – 14
 APPLICATION PART # 01 TOPIC – WISE SHEETS 15 – 25
SHEET # 01: ROOT GAIN, ROOT LOSS, NUMBER SYSTEM &SURDS
SHEET # 02: LAWS OF INDICES
SHEET # 03: RATIO AND PROPORTION, DIVISION THEOREM
& ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES
SHEET # 04: LINEAR INEQUALITIES & MODULUS
SHEET # 05: BASIC TRIGONOMETRY, n C r , n Pr BINOMIAL EXPANSION
& DETERMINANT
SHEET # 06: LOGARITHMS
SHEET # 07: MORE ON LOGARITHMS
 ANSWERS KEY 26 – 27
PROGRESSIONS
INDEX
 CONCEPTS IN BRIEF 28 – 36
 EXERCISE # 01 TOPIC – WISE SHEETS 37 – 49
th
SHEET # 01: A.P. (n TERM, SUM, SELECTION OF TERMS)
SHEET # 02: A.P. (nth TERM, SUM, SELECTION OF TERMS)
SHEET # 03: ARITHMETIC MEAN
SHEET # 04: GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (nth TERM)
SHEET # 05: GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (SUM)
SHEET # 06: GEOMETRIC MEAN
SHEET # 07: INFINITE G.P.
SHEET # 08: SPECIAL SEQUENCE: SUM USING SIGMA & METHOD OF
DIFFERENCE
SHEET # 09: HARMONIC PROGRESSION
 APPLICATION PART # 02 PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN 50 – 54
 APPLICATION PART # 03 JEE MAIN CORNER 55 – 59
 APPLICATION PART # 04 PROBABILITY TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED 60 – 71
SHEET # 01 OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
SHEET # 03 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
 APPLICATION PART # 05 JEE ADVANCED CORNER 72 – 74
 ANSWER KEY 75 – 79
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BASIC MATHEMATICS, LOGARITHMS & PROGRESSIONS 1
BASIC MATHEMATICS
REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
Natural Numbers N = { 1, 2, 3, 4………..}.
Whole Numbers W = { 0, 1, 2……… }.
Integers I (or Z) = {….. – 3, - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3……..}
 Note :  Natural numbers are sometimes called positive integers and are also denoted
by I  or Z  .
 The set of whole numbers is also called as the set of non – negative integers.
 The set of negative integers is denoted by I  and consists of { ……, -3, -2, -1}
 The set of non – positive integers is { …….., -3, -2, -1, 0}
PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBER
A natural number which is larger than unity is a prime number if it has no divisors except
for unity and itself. A natural number which is larger than unity is a composite number if
it has at least one divisor different from unity and itself.
 Note :  ‘1’ is neither prime nor composite.
 ‘2’ is the only even prime number.
 Natural numbers which are not prime are composite numbers (except 1)
 ‘4’ is the smallest composite number.
THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC
For every natural number p > 1 there is a unique prime factorization.
 Note :  If a number m is a divisor of numbers n1 and n2 , then m is a divisor of the
sum n1  n2 .
 If a number m is a divisor of numbers n1 and n2 , and n1  n2 , then the
number m is a divisor of the difference n1  n2 .
 L.C.M (p, m) x G.C.D. (p, m) = p .m
CO-PRIME NUMBERS OR RELATIVE PRIME NUMBERS
Two natural numbers (not necessarily prime) are co-prime, if their G.C.D. is unity, i.e.
having only one as common factor.
For example (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 10), (3, 8), (5, 6), (7, 8) are co-prime numbers.
 Note :  Two distinct prime numbers are always co-prime but converse need not be
true.
 Consecutive numbers are always co-prime numbers.
 If natural numbers, p1 and p2 are co-prime and a natural number p is
divisible both by p1 and by p2 , then p is divisible by the product p1 p2 .
TWIN PRIME NUMBERS
If the difference between two prime numbers is two, then the numbers are called as twin
prime numbers.
For example {3, 5}, {5, 7}, {11, 13}, {17, 19}, {29, 31} are twin prime numbers.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

RATIONAL NUMBERS
p
Rational numbers are of the form , where q is a natural number and p is an integer. The
q
set of rational numbers is denoted by the letter Q.
p
 Note :  Any fraction , where the natural number q does not have any prime
q
divisors other than 2 and 5 can be written as a terminating decimal fraction.
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
An irrational number is a number which can be written as a non-terminating non-periodic
decimal fraction.
p
Irrational numbers are numbers which cannot be expressed in form and their set is
q
c
denoted by Q or Q'. (i.e. complementary set of Q). Example, 2 ,1  3, e,  , etc. are
irrational numbers.
 Note :  e  2.71 is called Napier’s constant and   3.14 .
REAL NUMBERS
When we combine the set of all irrational numbers with the set of all rational numbers,
we obtain the set of all real numbers, denoted by R.
COMPLEX NUMBERS
The set of all numbers in the form a + bi with real numbers a and b, and i, the imaginary
unit, is called the set of complex numbers. The imaginary unity i is defined as i  1
where i 2  1
The real number a is called the real part, and the real number b is called imaginary part of
the complex number a + bi.
Every real number is a complex number in the form a + bi with b = 0.
If a = 0 and b  0 , then the complex number bi is called a purely imaginary number.
The set of complex numbers is denoted by C. Note that N  W  I  Q  R  C.
SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER
 Note :  Symbol stands for the non-negative square root only.

 Square of a real number is always non negative (i.e. x 2  0 )
 Square root of a positive number is always positive e.g. 4 2
 x 2   x but x 2  x

ROOT GAIN, ROOT LOSS & CANCELLATION OF INFINITY ROOT

ROOT GAIN
Let x = –1 be a given equation
2
On squaring both the sides  x  1. &  x   1
but x = + 1 is not the solution of given equation.
Thus, x = + 1 is an extragenous root.
Thus, while raising any equation to even power, the solution must be verified by substituting
them in the given equation. In general, applying many one function on both the sides of an
equation/inequality may result in Root Gain, which will be discussed in detail during tutorial sessions.
ROOT LOSS
Cancelling the common factor on both the sides of an equation may result in root loss. It is
when that common factor value can be zero.
Ex. x2  3x,  x  3 but it’s a quadratic equation & must have two roots.
The other root is zero which is lost due to cancellation, the correct method is taking the
common factor common and then solving the equation.
CANCELLATION OF INFINITY
In some cases even cancelling the common term on the either sides can cause root loss i.e.
when infinity is cancelled out from both sides.
LAWS OF INDICES
1
(i) a0  1,  a  0  (ii) a m  ,  a  0
am
(iii) a m n  a m a n , where m and n are rational numbers.
m n am
(iv) a  n , where m and n are rational numbers, a  0 .
a
m n
(v) a   a mn
q
(vi) a p/q  a p
(vii) If x  y , then a x  a y , but the converse may not be true.
If a   1, or 0, then x  y.
If a  1, then x , y may be any real number.
If a  1, then x , y may be both even or both odd.
If a  0, then x , y may be any positive real number.
(viii) am .bm  (ab)m is not always true as a b  (ab ) , only when atleast one of a or
b is non-negative if both are negative a . b   ab .
(ix) If a x  b x then consider the following cases :
(i) If a  b, then x  0
(ii) If a  b  0, then x may have any real value
(iii) If a  b , then x is even.

 Note :  If we have to solve the equation of the form [ f ( x)]

 ( x)
 [ g( x)] ( x ) i.e., same
index, different bases, then we have to solve
(a) f ( x)  g ( x) , (b) f ( x)   g ( x) , (c)  ( x)  0
Verification should be done in (b) and (c) cases.
SURDS
Definition
Any root of a number which cannot be exactly found is called a surd.
Let a be a rational number and n is a positive integer. If the nth root of x i.e., x1/n is
irrational, then it is called a surd of order n.
 Note :  If a is not rational, n

a is not a surd.
For example, (5  7) is not a surd as 5  7 is not a rational
number.
DIVISIBILITY TEST
(i) A number will be divisible by 2 iff the digit at the unit place is divisible by 2.
(ii) A number will be divisible by 3 iff the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
(iii) A number will be divisible by 4 iff last two digits of the number together are
divisible by 4.
(iv) A number will be divisible by 5 iff digit at the unit place is either 0 or 5.
(v) A number will be divisible by 6 iff the digit at the unit place of the number is
divisible by2 & sum of all digits of the number is divisible by 3.
(vi) A number will be divisible by 8 iff the last 3 digits, all together, is divisible by 8.
(vii) A number will be divisible by 9 iff sum of all its digits is divisible by 9.
(viii) A number will be divisible by 10 iff its last digit is 0.
(ix) A number will be divisible by 11 iff the difference between the sum of the digits
at even places and sum of the digits at odd places is a multiple of 11.
RATIO AND PROPORTION

1. If A and B be two quantities of the same kind, then their ratio is A : B; which may
A
be denoted by the fraction (This may be an integer or fraction).
B
a ma na
2. A ratio may be represented in a number of ways e.g.    .......
b mb nb
where m, n, …… are non – zero numbers.
3. To compare two or more ratio, reduce them to common denominator.
4. Ratio between two ratio may be represented as the ratio of two integers
a c a / b ad
e.g. :   or ad : bc.
b d c / d bc
a c e ace
5. Ratios are compounded by multiplying them together i.e. . . .......  .........
b d f bdf

Proportion
When two ratios are equal, then the four quantities compositing them are said to be
a c
proportional. If  , then it is written as a : b = c : d or a : b : : c : d
b d
a c a b cd
1. If  , then  (Componendo and dividendo)
b d ab cd
(Very Important concept for IIT – JEE)
a c e a  c  e  ....... Sum of the numerators
2. If    ....... , then each  
b d f b  d  f  ....... Sum of the denominators
a c a c ac
3. If  then each  OR (Very Important concept for IIT – JEE)
b d bd bd
POLYNOMIALS
An expression of the form a0 x n  a1 x n 1  a 2 x n  2  ........  a n 1 x  a n is known as a

polynomial if all the powers of the variable (i.e.x) are non negative integers and co-
efficients a0 , a1, a2......an are real numbers.
Example: p  x   2 x 2  3 x  5 (2 degree polynomial)
p  x   2 (constant polynomial) etc.
If a0  0 , then we say that the polynomial is of degree n. The number zero is also
considered to be a polynomial, being the only polynomial which is not assigned a degree.
DIVISION WITH REMAINDER

If a polynomial p(x) is divided by another polynomial T(x), then we can write
p(x) = q(x) T(x)+ r(x), where q(x) is the quotient polynomial and r(x) is the remainder
polynomial with deg (r(x)) <deg (T(x)) or r(x) = 0.
Remainder theorem: The remainder r of the division of the polynomial P(x) by the
binomial  x    is equal to the value of the polynomial P(x) for x   , i.e. r  P   .
Factor theorem: The polynomial P(x) is exactly divisible by the binomial  x    if and
only if the value of the polynomial is zero for x   , i.e. P    0
Zero/Roots of a polynomial
The number  is a zero/root of the polynomial P(x) if P    0.
ALGEBRIC IDENTITIES (SOME IMPORTANT FORMULAE)
2 2
1.  a  b   a 2  2ab  b2   a  b   4ab
2 2
2.  a  b   a2  2ab  b2   a  b   4ab
3. a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 
3
4.  a  b   a3  b3  3ab  a  b 
3
5.  a  b   a3  b3  3ab  a  b 

3
6. a3  b3   a  b   3ab  a  b    a  b   a 2  b2  ab 
3
7. a3  b3   a  b   3ab  a  b    a  b   a 2  b2  ab 
2 1 1 1
8.  a  b  c  a 2  b2  c 2  2ab  2bc  2ca  a2  b2  c 2  2abc    
a b c
1 2 2 2
9. a 2  b 2  c2  ab  bc  ca   a  b    b  c    c  a    0 if a, b, c are real.
2  
10. a 3  b3  c 3  3abc   a  b  c   a 2  b2  c2  ab  bc  ca 
1 2 2 2
  a  b  c   a  b    b  c    c  a  
2
11. a  b4   a  b  a  b  a2  b2
4
 
2
12. a 4  a 2  1   a 2  1  a 2  1  a  a 2 1  a  a 2 
13.  
a 4  a 2  1  a 2  3a  1 a 2  3a  1 
14. a 4  ka 2  1   a   2  k  a  1  a   2  k  a  1
2 2
2 2 2 2
15.  ab  bc  ca    ab    bc    ca   2abc  a  b  c 
3
16.  a  b  c   a3  b3  c3  3ab  a  b   3bc  b  c   3ca  c  a   6abc
17. ab  a  b   bc  b  c   ca  c  a   2abc   a  b  b  c  c  a 
n
x2  1
18.  x  1  x 2
 1 x  1 x  1 .......... x
4 8
 2n1

1 
x 1
, x 1
 Note :  Cyclic Factors: If an expression remain same after replacing a by b, b by c

& c by a, then it is called cyclic expression and its factors are called cyclic
factors. e.g. a  b  c   b c  a   c  a  b
SET THEORY
BASIC CONCEPT
Set : A set is a well–defined collection of objects or elements. Each element in a set is
unique. Usually but not necessarily a set is denoted by a capital letter e.g. A, B, . .
. . . U, V etc. and the elements are enclosed between brackets {}, denoted by
small letters
a , b, . . . . . x, y etc. For example:
A = Set of all small English alphabets
= {a, b, c, . . . . . x, y, z}
B = Set of all positive integers less than or equal to 10
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
R = Set of real numbers
=  x :   x   .

The elements of a set can be discrete (e.g. set of all English alphabets) or continuous
(e.g., set of real numbers). The set may contain finite or infinite number of elements. A
set may contain no elements and such a set is called Void set or Null set or empty set
and is denoted by  (phi). The number of elements of a set A is denoted as n(A) and
hence n     0 as it contains no element.
UNION OF SETS
Union of two or more sets is the set of all elements that belong to any of these sets. The
symbol used for union of sets is ' ' .
i.e., A  B = Union of set A and set B   x : x  A or x  B  or both 
e.g. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 4, 5, 6} and C {1, 2, 6, 8}, then
A  B  C  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,8
INTERSECTION OF SETS
It is the set of all the elements, which are common to all the sets. The symbol used for
intersection of sets is ' ' i.e., A  B   x : x  A and x  B
e.g. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 4, 5, 6} and C = {1, 2, 6, 8} , then
A  B  C  2 .
Remember that n  A  B   n  A   n  B   n  A  B  &
n  A  B  C   n  A   n  B   n C   n  A  B   n  B  C   n  A  C   n  A  B  C  .
INTERVALS
There are two numbers a, b  R such that a<b, we can define four types of intervals as
follows :
(a) Open interval : (a, b) = {x : a < x < b} i.e. end points are not included.
(b) Closed interval :  a, b   {x : a  x  b} i.e. end points are also included.
This is possible only when both a and b are finite.
(c) Semi open or semi closed interval:  a, b   {x : a  x  b};  a, b   {x : a  x  b}
(d) The infinite intervals are defined as follows :
(i) (a, )  {x : x  a}
(ii)  a,    {x : x  a}
(iii)  , b   {x : x  b}
(iv)  , b   {x : x  b}
(v)  ,    R
 Note :  For some particular values of x, we use symbol {} e.g. If x = 1,2, 3, 4 we
can write it as x  1, 2, 3, 4
 If there is no value of x, then we say x   (null set)

Set – Builder
Interval Notation Graph
Notation
(a, b)  x | a  x  b
[a, b]  x | a  x  b x
a b
a, b   x | a  x  b x
a b
 a, b   x | a  x  b x
a b
 a,    x | x  a x
a
 a,   x | x  a x
a
 ,b  x | x  b x
b
 ,b  x | x  b x
b
 ,    x | x  R x
INEQUALITY
Properties of inequalities
1. (i) If a < b, then a + c < b + c for any real c
(ii) If a  b, then a + c  b + c for any real c
2. (i) If a < b, then ac <bc , if c > 0
and ac >bc , if c < 0
(ii) If a  b, then ac  bc, if c>0
and ac  bc, if c < 0
1 1 1
3. (i) If a < b < c, then   . If a, b, c  (0, ∞) or a, b, c  (–∞, 0)
a b c
1 1 1
(ii) If a  b  c, then   . If a, b, c  (0, ∞) or a, b, c  (–∞, 0)
[
a b c
4. (i) If a < b and c < d, then a + c < b + d
(ii) If a  b and c  d, then a + c  b + d
(iii) If a < b and c  d, then a + c < b + d
5. If a < b and c < d, then ac < bd if a, b, c, d  (0, ∞)
6. If a  b and c  d, then ac  bd if a, b, c, d  [0, ∞)

Remark : (i) Never subtract or divide two inequalities.

(ii) Never do cross multiplication in inequalities, until and unless it is not
known that the quantity/expression is always positive.
(iii) Remember that when you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative
number, you must reverse the inequality symbol.
MODULUS FUNCTION
The modulus of a real number x is defined as y = - x y=x
x if x0
x 
 x if x0
Modulus is also known as absolute value. The case x  0 O
tells us that the modulus of non – negative number is the
1 1
number itself. Thus, 5  5     0 0
3 3
The case x < 0 tells us that the modulus of a real number is never negative. For example,
1  1 1
3    3  3             
3  3 3
BASIC TRIGONOMETRY
1. Pythagorean Identities
(a) cos 2 x  sin 2 x  1 (b) 1  tan 2 x  sec 2 x
(c) 1  cot 2 x  cos ec 2 x
2. Negative Angle Identities
(a) cos   x   cos x (b) sin   x    sin x
(c) tan   x    tan x
3. Sum Identities
(a) cos  x  y   cos x cos y  sin x sin y
(b) sin  x  y   sin x cos y  cos x sin y
tan x  tan y
(c) tan  x  y   .
1  tan x tan y
SINE RULE
a b c
In a triangle ABC,   = 2R (where R is circum radius)
sin A sin B sin C
COSINE RULE
In a triangle ABC,
b2  c2  a2 c2  a 2  b2 a 2  b2  c2
(i) cos A = (ii) cos B = (iii) cos C =
2bc 2ca 2 ab
AREA OF TRIANGLE
1 1 1
Area of triangle   bc sin A  ac sin B  ab sin C .
2 2 2

FACTORIAL
Factorial notation: Let n be a positive integer. Then, the continued product of first n
natural numbers is called factorial n, to be denoted by n ! or n . Also, we define 0 ! = 1.
If n is negative or a fraction, n !is not defined.
Thus, n ! = n (n – 1) (n – 2) ......3.2.1.
Deduction: n ! = n(n – 1) (n – 2) (n – 3) ......3.2.1
= n[(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)......3.2.1] = n [( n  1)!]
Examples:
4! = 4  3  2  1  24 6!  6  5  4  3  2 1  720
BINOMIAL EXPANSION
If n is a positive integer and x, y are two complex numbers, then
n
 x  y n   n Cr xnr yr n C0 xn n C1xn1y n C2 xn2 y2  ... n Cn yn ....(i)
r 0
The coefficients n C0 ,n C1....,n Cn are called binomial coefficients, while (i) is called
the binomial expansion.
Formulae for Permutation and Combination
n n!
(1) Pr =  0  r  n  a = n (n – 1) (n – 2) . . . (n – r + 1).
 n  r !
Eg. n P0 = 1, n P1 = n and n Pn = n Pn 1 = n!.
n n
(2) Cr or C (n, r) or  
r
n
n n! Pr
Cr =  0  r  n   nCr = Eg. nC0 = 1, nC1 = n, nCn =1
r ! n  r  ! r!
DETERMINANTS
a1 b1
The expression is called a determinant of order two, and is equal to a1b2  a2b1 .
a2 b2
A determinant of order three consisting of 3 rows and 3 columns is written as
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 and is equal to  a1  b2c3  c2b3   b1  a2 c3  c2 a3   c1  a2b3  b2 a3 
a3 b3 c3
Properties of Determinants
1. The value of the determinant remains unchanged if its rows and columns are
interchanged.
2. If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant are interchanged, then sign of
determinant changes.
3. If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant are identical (all corresponding
elements are same), then value of determinant is zero.
4. If each element of a row (or a column) of a determinant is multiplied by a constant
k, then its value gets multiplied by k.
5. If corresponding elements of any two rows (or columns) of a determinant are
proportional (in the same ratio), then its value is zero. For example

LOGARITHMS
DEFINITION
“The Logarithm of a given number to a given base is the index of the power to which the
base must be raised in order to equal the given number.”
If a  0 and  1, then logarithm of a positive number N is defined as the index x of that
power of 'a' which equals N i.e., log a N  x if a x  N  a log a N  N , a  0, a  1 and N  0.
It is also known as fundamental logarithmic identity. For example, log 2 5 is the number
which when raised to 2, makes it 5 i.e. 2log2 5  5 .
The function defined by f ( x)  log a x, a  0, a  1 is called logarithmic function.
Its domain is (0, ) and range is R. a is called the base of the logarithmic function.
When base is 'e' then the logarithmic function is called natural or Napierian logarithmic
function and when base is 10, then it is called common logarithmic function.
 Note :  The logarithm of a number is unique i.e. No number can have two different
log to a given base.
log e a
 loge a  loge 10.log10 a or log10 a   0.434 log e a
loge 10
CHARACTERISTIC AND MANTISSA
(1) The integral part of a logarithm is called the characteristic and the fractional part
is called mantissa.
log10 N  integer  fraction (  ve)
 
Characterstics Mantissa
(2) The mantissa part of log of a number is always kept positive.
(3) If the characteristics of log10 N be n, then the number of digits in N is (n+1)
(4) If the characteristics of log10 N be (– n) then there exists (n – 1) number of zeros
after decimal part of N.
PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
Let m and n be arbitrary positive numbers such that a  0, a  1, b  0, b  1 then
(1) loga a  1, loga 1  0
1
(2) loga b.logb a  1 loga a  logb b  loga b 
logb a
logb a
(3) logc a  logb a. logc b or logc a 
logb c
(4) loga (mn)  loga m  loga n
m
(5) log a    log a m  log a n
n
(6) log a m n  n log a m
(7) a log a m  m

1
(8) log a     log a n
n
1
(9) log a n  loga n


(10) log a n  loga n , (   0)

(11) alogc b  blogc a , (a, b, c  0 and c  1)
log a b log b a
(12) a b
 f ( x)  g ( x) if a  1
(13) If logaf(x)  logag(x)  
 f ( x)  g ( x) if 0  a  1
y
(14) If logaf(x)  y   f (x )  ( a ) a  1
 y
 f (x )  (a ) if 0  a  1
y
(15) If logaf(x)  y   f ( x )  ( a ) a 1
 y
 f ( x )  ( a ) 0  a  1

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example: 1 Express the intervals in terms of inequalities:
(i)  1, 4 (ii)  2.5, 4  (iii)  4,  
Solution: (i) 1  x  4 (ii) 2.5  x  4 (iii) x  4
Example: 2 Using binomial theorem, expand  x  y  5

  x  y
5
 and hence find the
value of   
2 1 
5
2 1 
5
Solution : We have,
5 5
 x  y   x  y  2  5 C0 x5 5 C2 x3 y 2 5 C4 x1 y 4   2  x 5  10 x 3 y 2  5 xy 4 
Putting x  2 and y  1 , we get
5 5 5 3
  
2 1  2 1  2 
  2  10  2  2 2   2 4 2  20 2  5 2   58 2
 
Example: 3 Logarithm of 32 5 4 to the base 2 2 is

(A) 3.6 (B) 5 (C) 5.6 (D) None of these
Solution: (A) Let x be the required logarithm , then by definition (2 2 ) x  32 5 4
3x 2
5
(2.21/2 )x  25.22/5 ;  2 2  2 5
3 27 18
Here, by equating the indices, x , x   3.6
2 5 5
Example: 4 The number log2 7 is
(A) An integer (B) A rational number
(C) An irrational number (D) A prime number
Solution: (C) Suppose, if possible, log2 7 is rational, say p / q where p and q are integers, prime
p
to each other. Then,  log 2 7  7  2 p /q  2 p  7q ,
q
which is false since L.H.S is even and R.H.S is odd. Obviously log2 7 is not an
integer and hence not a prime number
 ab 1
Example: 5 If log e    (log e a  log e b) , then relation between a and b will be
 2  2
b b
(A) a  b (B) a  (C) 2a  b (D) a 
2 3
 ab 1 1
Solution: (A) loge    (loge a  loge b)  log e ( ab)  log e ab
 2  2 2
a b 2

2
 ab  a  b  2 ab   a b   0  a  b  0  a b

Example: 6 If log10 3  0.477 , the number of digits in 340 is

(A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 21
40
Solution: (C) Let y  3 , Taking log both the sides, log y  log340  log y  40log3
 log y  19.08  Number of digits in y  19  1  20
Example: 7 Which is the correct order for a given number  in increasing order    0 
(a) log2  ,log3  ,loge  ,log10  (b) log10  ,log3  ,loge  ,log2 
(c) log10  ,loge  ,log2  ,log3  (d) log3  ,loge  ,log2  ,log10 
Solution: (B) Since 10, 3, e, 2 are in decreasing order
Obviously, log10 ,log3  ,loge  ,log2  are in increasing order.

APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC – WISE SHEETS

SHEET # 01: ROOT GAIN, ROOT LOSS, NUMBER SYSTEM &SURDS
1. If A & B are two rational numbers and AB, A + B and A - B are rational numbers, then
A/B is :
(A) always rational (B) never rational
(C) rational when B  0 (D) rational when A  0 .
2. Every irrational number can be expressed on the number line. This statement is :
(A) always true (B) never true
(C) true subject to some condition (D) none of these
3. The multiplication of a rational number ' x ' and an irrational number ' y ' is:
(A) Always rational (B) Rational except when y  
(C) Always irrational (D) Irrational except when x = 0
1
4. If  a  b, then (a,b) 
(7  4 3)
(A) (2,3) (B) (3, 2) (C) (–1, 2) (D) (–2, 3)
3
 1
5. Let 0 < x < 1 , then (x  1)2 + 4 (2x  1)4 – 3  x   is :
2 
(A) 5/2 (B) 1/2 (C) –3/2 (D) Dependent of x
6. Solution of the equation (x  10)  (x  2)  6 are

(A) 0 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) None of these
7. If x  x  1  x  1 then value of x is
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 16/25 (D) 25/16
8. The square root of 134 + (6292) is

(A) 21  (13) (B) 11  (13) (C) 13  (11) (D) 13  (21)
9. Solution for equation x  1  x  1  4x  1

4 25 5 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 16 4 2
1 3 4
10.   
(11  2 30) (7  2 10) (8  4 3)
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D) None of these
3 2 4 3 6
11.   
6 3 6 2 3 2
(A) 5 2 (B) 3 2 (C) 2 3 (D) 0

12. Number of solutions of equation x3/2  2x

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
13. If a, b, c are sides of triangle and  a  b   b2  a 2    a  b  c2 then triangle is

(A) Right angled triangle (B) Isosceles triangle
(C) either right angle or Isosceles triangle (D) None of these
2
14. Number of real solutions of equation  x  1  x 3  1
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
2
x  3x  2
15. Solve the equation 0
x 2  6x  7
(A) -2, -1, 7 (B) -2 (C) – 1, 7 (D) None of these
SHEET # 02: LAWS OF INDICES

1
1.  1 x a b
 x a c


n
2. If (a m ) n  a m , then the value of 'm' in terms of 'n' is
(A) n (B) n1/m (C) n1/( n 1) (D) None of these
3/2
1 
3. ( x5 )1/3 (16 x3 )2/3  x4/9  
4 
(A) ( x / 4)3 (B) (4 x)3 (C) 8x3 (D) None of these
4. If a1/ x  b1/ y  c1/ z and b 2  ac then x  z 
(A) y (B) 2y (C) 2xyz (D) None of these
1 1 1
5. If a x1  bc, b y 1  ca, c z 1  ab, then   
x y z
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) abc (D) None of these
(2n 1 ) m (22 n )2n
6. If  1, then m =
(2 m1 ) n 22 m
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) n (D) 2n
3
7. If x x x  ( x . 3 x ) x , then x =
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 64/27
8. Solution of the equation 4.9 x1  3 (22 x1 ) has the solution
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 3/2 (D) 2/3
9. If x  21/3  21/3 , then 2 x3  6 x 


10. Solution of the equation ( x ) x x  ( x x ) x are

(A) 9/4 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 0
11. If 5x 1  5.(0.2) x  2  26, then x may have the value

12. If a x  ( x  y  z ) y , a y  ( x  y  z ) z , a z  ( x  y  z ) x , then which of the following is

possible
(A) x  y  z  a / 3 (B) x  y  z  a / 3
(C) x  y  z  0 (D) None of these
13. If a x  bc, b y  ca, c z  ab, then xyz can be

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 8 (D) x yz2
14. If x y  y x , then ( x / y )( x / y )  x( x / y ) k , where k 

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) None of these
15. If a x  b y  (ab) xy , then x  y 

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) xy (D) None of these
SHEET # 03: RATIO AND PROPORTION, DIVISION THEOREM & ALGEBRAIC

IDENTITIES
x3  3x 341
1. If  , then value of x is
3 x 2  1 91
(A) 12 (B) 13 (C) 11 (D) 7
6 pq x  3 p x  3q
2. If x  the N value of  .
pq x  3 p x  3q
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) –1.
3. If a/b=3/2 and c/d=6
Then value of a+3b/a – 3b + c+3d/c-3d is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
4. A bag contains 50P,25P and 10P coins in the ratio 5:9:4 amounting to Rs.206 find the
number of coins of each type respectively
(A) 360,160,200 (B) 360, 200, 160 (C) 200, 160,360 (D) 200, 360, 160,
5. If 2A=3B=4C then A:B:C is equals to

(A) 2:3:4 (B) 3:4:6 (C) 6:4:3 (D) None of these
1 1
6. If x  2 , then x 2  2 is equal to
x x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

7. If a + b + c = 10 and ab + bc + ca =20 then a2  b2  c 2 is

(A) 60 (B) 80 (C) 0 (D) none of these
8. If a, b, c are real, then a (a – b) + b (b – c) + c (c – a) = 0, only if :
(A) a + b + c = 0 (B) a = b = c
(C) a = b or b = c or c = a (D) a – b – c = 0
9. If a, b, c are real and distinct numbers, then the value of
(a  b)  (b  c)3  (c  a)3
3
is :
(a  b) . (b  c) . (c  a)
(A) 1 (B) abc (C) 2 (D) 3
1 1
10. If x  3 , then x 5  5 is equal to
x x
11. If x  a is a factor of x 3  a 2 x  x  2 , then ' a ' is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) 1
12. The polynomials P  x   kx 3  3 x 2  3 and Q  x   2 x 3  5 x  k , when divided by  x  4 

leave the same remainder. The value of k is
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) –1
13. If 2 x3  5 x 2  x  2   x  2   ax 2  bx  1 , then a & b are respectively:
(A) 2, 1 (B) 2, –1 (C) 1, 2 (D) – 1, 1/2
14. If 3 x3  5 x 2  x  9   x  1  ax 2  bx  9  , then a & b are respectively :
(A) 3, –8 (B) 3 – 5 (C) 2, 2 (D) –1, ½
sin  cos 
15.   k , then k equals to
2 3
1 1 1 1
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
5 13 13 5
SHEET # 04: LINEAR INEQUALITIES & MODULUS

1. If x – 3>2 then x belongs to
(A) x [5, ) (B) x   5,   (C) x   0,   (D) None of these
3x  2 4 x  3
2. If:  then x belongs to
5 2
 11   11   11   11 
(A) x   ,   (B) x   ,   (C) x   ,  (D) x   , 
14   14   14   14 
2x  3 x4
3. If 3   2 then x belongs to
4 3
 13   13   13 
(A) x   ,   (B) x   ,   (C) x    ,    (D) None of these
 2  2  2 

4. The range of all real values of x if 2 x  3  7 x  24

(A) x  7,   (B) x  [7, ) (C) x  [7, ) (D) None of these
2  3x
5. If 5   9 then x belongs to
4
 22 34   34 22   34 22 
(A)  3 , 3  (B)   , (C)  ,  (D) None of these
 3 3   3 3 
2x  3 4x
6. If 2  6 & 2(2x + 3) < 6(x–2) + 10. Then x belongs to
4 3
(A) x  R (B) x   (C) x  [1, 1] (D) None of these
3x  4
7. If  7 then x is
3
(A) 17/3, 25/3 (B) –17/3, 25/3 (C) 17/3, – 25/3 (D) –17/3, –25/3
8. If x  2  x  3  2  0 , then x is
(A) 2 (B)  (C) 7 (D) 1
9. If x  3 , then
(A) xR (B) x   , 0  (C) x   0,   (D) None of these
10. If 2 x  3  2 x  5  6 , then x is
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2
11. If x  x 3  0 , then x is
(A) –1, 0 (B) 1, 2 (C) 0, 1 (D) none of these
12. If 2 x  5  7 then x is
(A) –1, 6 (B) 6, 5 (C) 12, 2 (D) none of these
   
13. If     &     then    belongs to
2 2 2 2
  
(A) 0 (B)  ,  (C) ,  (D) 0,
 2 2
14. If x 2  x  1  3 then x is equals to

(A) 1 (B)  (C) 2 (D) –1
15. If 4  x  4 then x2 belongs to

(A)  0,16  (B) 0,16  (C)  4,16  (D) 4,16

SHEET # 05: BASIC TRIGONOMETRY, n C r , n Pr BINOMIAL EXPANSION &

DETERMINANT
15 12
1. If sin   and cos   , where  and  are angles of first quadrant, then the value
17 13
of tan      is
220 171 220 171
(A) (B) (C) (D)
221 221 21 21
2. tan100  tan125  tan100 tan125 
1 1
(A) –1 (B) 1 (C) (D)
3 2
   
3. cos2   x   sin 2   x  
4  4 
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
15  x 1 10
4. If 11  3x 1 16  0 then the value of x is
7 x 1 13
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
1 2 4
5. The value of 1 3 9 is
1 4 16
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
4 9 7
6. The value of 3 5 7 is
5 4 5
(A) 70 (B) 77 (C) 66 (D) 0
1 a 1 1
7. The value of the determinant 1 1  a 1 is
1 1 1 a
 2  3  3  2
(A) a3 1   (B) a3 1   (C) a3 1   (D) a3 1   .
 a  a  a  a
8. If n Pr  3024 then  n, r  is
(A) (4, 9) (B) (9, 4) (C) (9, 6) (D) (6, 9)
9. n and r integers such that 1  r  n , then n  n1Cr 1 is

n
(A) Cr (B) n  nCr (C) r  nCr (D) (n  1)n Cr

10. If n C3  10 , then n is
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 7
11. If 8 C3  ( n  2) C4  9C4 , then n is

(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 15
12. Number of terms in (1  5 2 x)9  (1  5 2 x)9 if x> 0 , is

(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6
6
13. Number of terms in 1  3 x  3 x 2  x 3  is
(A) 17 (B) 19 (C) 21 (D) 16
14. The value of ( 5  1)5  ( 5  1)5 is

(A) 252 (B) 352 (C) 452 (D) 532
15. The expression (2  2) 4 has value, lying between

(A) 134 and 135 (B) 135 and 136 (C) 136 and 137 (D) None of these
SHEET # 06: LOGARITHMS

1. For y  log a x to be defined 'a' must be
(A) Any positive real number (B) Any number
(C)  e (D) Any positive real number  1
2. Logarithm of 32 5 4 to the base 2 2 is
(A) 3.6 (B) 5 (C) 5.6 (D) None of these
3. Find the minimum value of log 2 x  log x 2
4. If log 7 2  m , then log 49 28 is equal to
1  2m 2
(A) 2(1  2m) (B) (C) (D) 1  m
2 1  2m
 a b 1
5. If loge    (loge a  loge b) , then relation between a and b will be
 2  2
b b
(A) a  b (B) a  (C) 2a  b (D) a 
2 3
6. Which is the correct order for a given number  in increasing order
(A) log 2  , log 3  , log e  , log 10  (B) log 10  , log 3  , log e  , log 2 
(C) log 10  , log e  , log 2  , log 3  (D) log 3  , log e  , log 2  , log 10 
7. log ab  log | b |
(A) log a (B) log | a | (C)  log a (D) None of these

8. The value of (log 20.5 4) is

(A) –2 (B) (4) (C) 2 (D) None of these
9. The value of log 3 4 log 4 5 log 5 6 log 6 7 log 7 8 log 8 9 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
10. log7 log7 7( 7 7 ) 

(A) 3 log 2 7 (B) 1  3 log 3 7 (C) 1  3 log 7 2 (D) None of these
log 9 36 4 / log 7 9
11. The value of 81(1/ log 5 3)
 27 3 is equal to
(A) 49 (B) 625 (C) 216 (D) 890
 16   25   81 
12. 7 log    5log    3log   is equal to
 15   24   80 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) log 2 (D) log 3
13. If log 4 5  a and log 5 6  b , then log 3 2 is equal to
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 2ab  1 (D)
2a  1 2b  1 2ab  1
14. If log k x.log 5 k  log x 5, k  1, k  0, then x is equal to
1
(A) k (B) (C) 5 (D) None of these
5
15. If log 5 a .log a x  2, then x is equal to
(A) 125 (B) a2 (C) 25 (D) None of these

1 1 1
1.   has the value equal to :
log bc
abc log ca
abc log ab
abc
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
2. Greatest integer less than or equal to the number log2 15.log1/6 2.log3 1/ 6 is
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
3
log21/4 a log27  a2 1
2 3  2a
3. The ratio 4log49 a simplifies to :
7  a 1
(A) a 2  a 1 (B) a 2  a  1 (C) a 2  a  1 (D) a2  a  1
1 1 1
4.   has the value equal to
1  logb a  logb c 1  logc a  log c b 1  log a b  loga c
1
(A) abc (B) (C) 0 (D) 1
abc

5. The number log2 7 is :

(A) an integer (B) a rational number
(C) an irrational number (D) a prime number
6. If logx1 3  2 , x  2 & x > 1, then x is equal to

2
(A) 3 1 (B) 3 1 (C) 3 (D) none of these
7. If log 5 x  x 2  2 x  65   2 , x < 5 & x  4, then x is

(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) –5 (D) –13
log3 135 log3 5
8. Let N   . Then N is :
log15 3 log 405 3
(A) a natural number (B) a prime number
(C) a rational number (D) an integer
9.  x
 
If log3 1  log3 2  7  1 then x is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
10. If x log3 x  9 then x can be

2 3
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 3 2 (D) none of these
11. The value of
1 1 1 1 1 1
    
log ab abcd log ac abcd log ad abcd logbc abcd logbd abcd logcd abcd
is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
12. If log  x  1  log  x  1  log11  2 log 3 , then the value of x is

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12
13. If log x  log  x  1  log 3 , then the value of x is

(A) 2/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 4/3 (D) 3/4
 1 1 1 
14. Value of    
 log 3 60 log 4 60 log5 60 
9  1
15. If log x     then the value of x
 16  2
3 3 81 256
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 256 81


1. If a 2  4b 2  12 ab , then log(a  2b) is
1 a b
(A) [log a  log b  log 2] (B) log  log  log 2
2 2 2
1 1
(C) [log a  log b  4 log 2] (D) [log a  log b  4 log 2]
2 2
2. If A  log 2 log 2 log 4 256  2 log 2

2, then A is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7
3. If log10 x  y , then log1000 x2 is equal to
3y 2y
(A) y2 (B) 2y (C) (D)
2 3
4. If x  log a (bc ), y  log b ( ca ), z  log c ( ab ), then which of the following is equal to 1

(A) x  y  z (B) (1  x )  1  (1  y ) 1  (1  z )  1
(C) xyz (D) None of these
5. If a  log 24 12, b  log 36 24 and c  log 48 36, then 1+abc is equal to
(A) 2ab (B) 2ac (C) 2bc (D) 0
6. If a x  b , b y  c , c z  a , then value of xyz is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
7. If log 10 2  0.30103, log 10 3  0.47712, the number of digits in 312  2 8 is

(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10
n
1
8.  log
n 1 n (a )

2
n ( n  1) n ( n  1) ( n  1) 2 n 2
(A) log a 2 (B) log 2 a (C) log 2 a (D) None of these
2 2 4
9. The solution of the equation log 7 log 5 ( x 2  5  x )  0
(A) x  2 (B) x  3 (C) x  4 (D) x  2
10. log 4 18 is
(A) A rational number (B) An irrational number
(C) A prime number (D) None of these
log (0.1 0.01 0.001......)
11. The value of (0.05) 20
is
1 1
(A) 81 (B) (C) 20 (D)
81 20
12. If a, b, c are distinct positive numbers, each different from 1, such that
[log b a log c a  log a a ]  [log a b log c b  log b b ] [log a c log b c  log c c ]  0, then abc =

13. If log 12 27  a , then log 6 16 

3 a 3 a 3 a
(A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) None of these
3 a 3 a 3 a
log x log y log z
14. If   , then which of the following is true
bc c a a b
(A) xyz  1 (B) x a y b z c  1 (C) x b  c y c  a z a  b  1 (D) xyz  x a y b z c
15. The number of real values of the parameter k for which (log16 x) 2  log16 x  log16 k  0
with real coefficients will have exactly one solution is

 

ANSWER KEY
APPLICATION PART # 01 TOPIC WISE SHEETS
Dear student,
Answers to the Topic Wise Sheets have not been intentionally provided in this module to track
your progress of solving these sheets. First, you have to solve these sheets & submit your
responses on your student portal. Then, answers will be displayed on it. Do fill your
responses in the spaces given below.
SHEET # 01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 04
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

SHEET # 06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 07
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 08
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

PROGRESSIONS
INTRODUCTION
Sequence
A sequence is a set of terms which may be algebraic, real or complex numbers, written
according to definite rule and the sequence thus formed is called a progression.
e.g. 0, 1, 7, 26.............. (rule is n3 – 1)
1, 4, 7, 10 .............
2, 4, 6, 8, ............... etc.
Series :
By adding or subtracting the terms of a sequence, we get a series.
If t1 , t2 , t3 ,..... tn ,..... is a sequence, then the expression t1  t2  t3  .....  tn .... is a
1 1 1 1
series. Example : 1      .... is a series.
2 3 4 5
A series is finite or infinite as the number of terms in the corresponding sequence
is finite or infinite.
Progression :
A progression is a sequence whose terms follow a certain pattern i.e. the terms are
arranged under a definite rule.
Example : 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …….. is a progression whose terms are obtained by the
rule : Tn  2n  1 , where Tn denotes the nth term of the progression.
Progression is mainly of three types :
Arithmetic progression, Geometric progression and Harmonic progression.
However, here we have classified the study of progression into five parts as :
(i) Arithmetic progression
(ii) Geometric progression
(iii) Arithmetico-geometric progression
(iv) Harmonic progression
(v) Miscellaneous progressions
DEFINITION (ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION)
A sequence of numbers  tn  is said to be in arithmetic progression (A.P.) when the
difference tn  tn 1 is a constant for all n  N. This constant is called the common
difference of the A.P., and is usually denoted by the letter d.
If ‘a’ is the first term and ‘d’ the common difference, then an A.P. can be represented as
a, a  d , a  2d , a  3d ,........
Example : 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, …… is an A.P. whose first term is 2 and common difference is 5.
GENERAL TERMS OF AN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
nth term of an A.P. from the beginning:
Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of an A.P. Then its nth
term is a  (n  1)d . i.e. Tn  a  (n  1)d

Example: 1 The 19th term from the end of the series 2 + 6 + 10 + …. + 86 is

(A) 6 (B) 18 (C) 14 (D) 10
Solution: (C) 86  2  ( n  1) 4  n  22
19th term from end  tn 19 1  t22 19 1  t4  2  (4  1) 4  14
Example: 2 In a certain A.P., 5 times the 5th term is equal to 8 times the 8th term, then its
13th term is
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C) – 12 (D) – 13
Solution: (A) We have 5 T5  8 T8
Let a and d be the first term and common difference respectively
 5{a  (5  1)d }  8{a  (8  1) d }
 3a  36 d  0  a  12 d  0 , i.e. a  (13  1) d  0 . Hence 13th term = 0
Example: 3 If 7th and 13th term of an A.P. be 34 and 64 respectively, then its 18th term is
(A) 87 (B) 88 (C) 89 (D) 90
Solution: (C) Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P., then
T7  34  a  6 d  34 …..(i)
T13  64  a  12 d  64 …..(ii)
From (i) and (ii), d = 5, a = 4
 T18  a  17 d  4  17  5  89
Tn  Tk Tp  Tk T T T T T  34 64  34
Trick:   18 7  13 7  18   T18  89
nk pk 18  7 13  7 11 6
SUM OF N TERMS OF AN A.P.

The sum of n terms of the series a  (a  d )  (a  2d )  .......  {a  (n  1) d } is given by
n
S n  [2 a  ( n  1) d ]
2
n
Also, S n  ( a  l ) , where l = last term = a  (n  1) d
2
Example: 4 7th term of an A.P. is 40, then the sum of first 13 terms is
(A) 53 (B) 520 (C) 1040 (D) 2080
13
Solution: (B) S13  {2a  12d }  13{a  6d }  13  T7  13  40  520
2
Example: 5 The sum of the first and third term of an A.P. is 12 and the product of first
and second term is 24, the first term is
(A) 1 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 6
Solution: (C) Let a  d , a, a  d ,........ be an A.P.
24
 (a  d )  (a  d )  12  a  6 . Also, (a  d ) a  24  6  d  4 d 2
6
 First term  a  d  6  2  4

S3 r  Sr  1
Example: 6 If S r denotes the sum of the first r terms of an A.P., then is equal
S2 r  S2 r  1
to
(A) 2r – 1 (B) 2r + 1 (C) 4r + 1 (D) 2r + 3
3r (r  1)
{2a  (3r  1)d }  {2a  (r  1  1) d }
S3 r  S r 1 2 2
Solution: (B) 
S 2 r  S 2 r 1 T2 r
d
(2r  1)a  {3r (3r  1)  ( r  1)(r  2)}
 2
a  (2r  1) d
d
(2 r  1) a  {8r 2  2}
2 (2r  1) a  d (4r 2  1)
   2r  1
a  (2r  1) d a  (2r  1) d
Example: 7 If the sum of the 10 terms of an A.P. is 4 times to the sum of its 5 terms, then
the ratio of first term and common difference is
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 3 : 2
Solution: (A) Let a be the first term and d the common difference
10 5
Then, {{a  (10  1) d }  4  {2a  (5  1) d }  2 a  9 d  4 a  8 d  d  2 a
2 2
a 1
  ,
d 2
ARITHMETIC MEAN
Definition
(i) If three quantities are in A.P. then the middle quantity is called Arithmetic
mean (A.M.) between the other two.
If a, A, b are in A.P., then A is called A.M. between a and b.
(ii) If a, A1 , A2 , A3 ,....., An , b are in A.P., then A1 , A2 , A3 ,......, An are called n
A.M.’s between a and b.
Example: 8 3 A.M.’s between 3 and 19 are
(A) 7, 11, 15 (B) 4, 6, 10 (C) 6, 10, 14 (D) None of these
Solution: (A) Let A1 , A2 , A3 be three A.M.’s. Then 3, A1 , A2 , A3 ,19 are in A.P.
19  3
 common difference d   4.
3 1
Therefore A1  3  d  7 , A2  3  2d  11 , A3  3  3d  15
Example: 9 If a, b, c, d, e, f are A.M.’s between 2 and 12, then a  b  c  d  e  f is

equal to
Solution: (B) Since, a, b, c, d, e, f are six A.M.’s between 2 and 12
6 6
Therefore, a  b  c  d  e  f  ( a  f )  (2  12)  42
2 2

DEFINITION (GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION)

A progression is called a G.P. if the ratio of its each term to its previous term is always
constant. This constant ratio is called its common ratio and it is generally denoted by r.
Example:
12 36 108
The sequence 4, 12, 36, 108, ….. is a G.P., because    .....  3 , which is constant.
4 12 36
Clearly, this sequence is a G.P. with first term 4 and common ratio 3.
1 1 3 9 1
The sequence ,  , ,  ,.... is a G.P. with first term and common ratio
3 2 4 8 3
 1 1 3
     
 2  3 2
GENERAL TERMS OF A GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
(1) nth term from the beginning of a G.P. :
We know that, a, ar , ar 2 , ar 3 ,.....ar n 1 is a sequence of G.P.
Here, the first term is ‘a’ and the common ratio is ‘r’.
The general term or nth term of a G.P. is Tn  ar n 1
Example: 10 If the pth, qth and rth term of a G.P. are a, b, c respectively, then
a q  r  br  p  c p q is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) abc (D) pqr
2 3
Solution: (B) Let x, xy, xy , xy ,.... be a G.P.
 a  xy p 1 , b  xy q 1 , c  xy r 1
Now,
a q  r . b r  p . c p  q  ( xy p 1 )q  r ( xy q 1 )r  p ( xy r 1 ) p q  x ( q  r ) (r  p ) ( p  q ) . y ( p 1)( q  r ) ( q 1)( r  p )( r 1)( p q )
 x 0 . y p ( q  r ) q ( r  p ) r ( p q )( q r  r  p  p q )  x 0 . y 0 0  ( xy )0  1
Example: 11 If the third term of a G.P. is 4 then the product of its first 5 terms is
2
Solution: (C) Given that ar  4
Then product of first 5 terms  a (ar )(ar 2 )(ar 3 )(ar 4 )  a5 r10  [ar 2 ]5  45
Example: 12 If x, 2 x  2, 3 x  3 are in G.P., then the fourth term is

(A) 27 (B) – 27 (C) 13.5 (D) – 13.5
Solution: (D) Given that x, 2 x  2,3 x  3 are in G.P.
Therefore, (2 x  2) 2  x(3x  3)  x 2  5 x  4  0  ( x  4)( x  1)  0
 x  1,  4
Now first term a = x, second term ar  2( x  1)
3
2( x  1)  2( x  1)  8
r , then 4th term  ar 3  x    2 ( x  1)3
x  x  x
Putting x  4 , we get
8 27
T4  ( 3) 3    13.5
16 2

SUM OF FIRST ‘n’ TERMS OF A G.P.

If a be the first term, r the common ratio, then sum Sn of first n terms of a G.P. is given by
a(1  r n )
Sn  ,
1 r
SUM OF INFINITE TERMS OF A G.P.
a
(1) When |r|< 1, (or 1  r  1) then S 
1 r
(2) If r  1, then S does not exists
100
th
Example: 13 Let an be the n term of the G.P. of positive numbers. Let a
n1
2n   and
100
a
n 1
2 n 1   , such that    , then the common ratio is
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
   
Solution: (A) Let x be the first term and y, the common ratio of the G.P.
100
Then,    a2 n  a2  a4  a6  ....  a200 and
n 1
100
   a2 n 1  a1  a3  a5  ......  a199
n 1
3 5 199 1  ( y 2 )100  1  y 200 

   xy  xy  xy  .....  xy  xy  xy  2 
1  y2  1 y 
1  ( y 2 )100  1  y 200 
  x  xy 2  xy 4  .....  xy198  x   x   2 
1  y2  1 y 
 
  y . Thus, common ratio 
 
 
Example: 14 The value of .2 3 4 .234 is
232 232 0.232 232
(A) (B) (C) (D)
990 9990 990 9909
  2 34 34 34
Solution:(A) .2 34  .234343434....     7  ......
10 1000 100000 10
2 34  1 1 
  1   2
 ....... 
10 1000  100 (100) 
 
1 17  1  1 17 100 1  17  116 232
       1    
5 500  1  1  5 500 99 5  99  495 990
 100 

GEOMETRIC MEAN
Definition :
(i) If three quantities are in G.P., then the middle quantity is called geometric
mean (G.M.) between the other two. If a, G, b are in G.P., then G is called
G.M. between a and b.
(ii) If a, G1 , G2 , G3 ,.... Gn , b are in G.P. then G1 , G2 , G3 ,.... Gn are called n G.M.’s
between a and b.
Example: 15 The two geometric mean between the number 1 and 64 are
(A) 1 and 64 (B) 4 and 16 (C) 2 and 16 (D) 8 and 16
Solution: (B) Let G1 and G2 are two G.M.’s between the number a  1 and b  64
1 1 1 1
G1  (a 2b) 3  (1.64) 3  4 , G2  (ab 2 ) 3  (1.642 ) 3  16
Example: 16 The G.M. of the numbers 3, 32 , 33......3n is

2 n 1 n n 1
n 2 2 2
(A) 3 (B) 3 (C) 3 (D) 3
1 2  3.... n n ( n 1) n 1
Solution: (B) G.M. of (3.32.33......3n )  (3.32.33......3n )1/ n  (3) n
3 2n
3 2
DEFINITION (HARMONIC PROGRESSION)

A progression is called a harmonic progression (H.P.) if the reciprocals of its terms are in
A.P.
1 1 1
Standard form : , , ,....
a a  d a  2d
1 1 1 1
Example: The sequence 1, , , , ,... is a H.P., because the sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …..
3 5 7 9
is an A.P.
3 1
Example: 17 The 4th term of a H.P. is and 8th term is then its 6th term is
5 3
1 3 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 7 7 5
1 1 1
Solution: (B) Let , , ,....... be an H.P.
a a  d a  2d
th 1 3 1
 4 term   
a  3d 5 a  3d
5
  a  3d …..(i)
3
Similarly, 3  a  7 d …..(ii)
1 2
From (i) and (ii), d  , a 
3 3
th 1 1 3
 6 term   
a  5d 2  5 7
3 3

HARMONIC MEAN
Definition :
If three or more numbers are in H.P., then the numbers lying between the first and
1 1 1
last are called harmonic means (H.M.’s) between them. For example 1, , , ,
3 5 7
1 1 1 1 1
are in H.P. So , and are three H.M.’s between 1 and .
9 3 5 7 9
Also, if a, H, b are in H.P., then H is called harmonic mean between a and b.
Example: 18 The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation
(5  2 ) x 2  (4  3 ) x  8  2 3  0 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Solution: (B) Let  and  be the roots of the given equation
4 3 8 2 3
 a  ,  
5 2 5 2
Hence, required harmonic mean
8 2 3 
2 
2  5  2  2(8  2 3) 4(4  3)
    4
 4 3 4 3 4 3
5 2
nth TERM OF AN ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (A.G.P.)
If a1 , a2 , a3 ,......, an ,...... is an A.P. and b1 , b2 , ......, bn ,...... is a G.P., then the sequence
a1b1 , a2 b2 , a3b3 , ......, an bn ,..... is said to be an arithmetico-geometric sequence.
Thus, the general form of an arithmetico geometric sequence is
a, (a  d ) r , (a  2d ) r 2 ,(a  3d ) r 3 ,.....
From the symmetry we obtain that the nth term of this sequence is [a  (n  1) d ] r n 1
SUM OF A.G.P.
Method for finding sum:

This method is applicable for both sum of n terms and sum of infinite number of
terms. First suppose that sum of the series is S, then multiply it by common ratio
of the G.P. and subtract. In this way, we shall get a G.P., whose sum can be easily
obtained.

3 5 7
Example: 19 1   2  3  ...... is equal to
2 2 2
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12
3 5 7
S  1   2  3  .......
Solution: (B) 2 2 2
1 1 3 5
S    .......
2 2 22 23
1 2 2 2
S  1   2  3  ........ (on subtracting)
2 2 2 2
S 1 1 1  S  1/ 2 
  1  2   2  3  ....    1 2    3 . Hence S = 6
2 2 2 2  2  1  1/ 2 
Example: 20 Sum of the series 1  2.2  3.22  4.23  .....  100.299 is

(A) 100.2100  1 (B) 99.2100  1 (C) 99.2100  1 (D) 100.2100  1
Solution: (B) Let S  1  2.2  3.22  4.23  ....  100.299 …..(i)
2 3 99 100
2S = 1.2  2.2  3.2  .....  99.2  100.2 …..(ii)
Equation (i) – Equation (ii) gives,
2(299  1)
S  1  (1.2  1.22  1.23  ..... upto 99 terms)  100.2100  1   100.2100
2 1
 S  1  2100  2  100.2100  1  99.2100
Example: 21 The sum of the series 3 + 33 + 333 + ….. + n terms is

1 1
(A) (10 n 1  9 n  28) (B) (10 n 1  9 n  10)
27 27
1
(C) (10 n 1  10 n  9) (D) None of these
27
S  3  33  333  ...... to n terms
Solution: (B)
S 3  33  .......
0  3  30  300  ......... to n terms  Tn (on subtracting)
10 n  1 1 n
 Tn  3(1  10  100  ....... to n terms)  3  1   (10  1)
10  1 3
n
1 1 n 1 n 1  10 n  1  1
Sn   (10n  1)   10n   1   10   n
n 1 3 3 n 1 3 n1 3 10  1  3
Example: 22 The sum of 13  23  33  43  ....  153 is

(A) 22000 (B) 10000 (C) 14400 (D) 15000
3 3 3 3
Solution: (C) S  1  2  3  ......  15 ; For n  15 , the value of
2 2
 n ( n  1)   15  16 
     14400
 2   2 

METHOD OF DIFFERENCE
If the differences of the successive terms of a series are in A.P. or G.P., we can find nth
term of the series by the following steps :
Step I: Denote the nth term by Tn and the sum of the series upto n terms by Sn .
Step II: Rewrite the given series with each term shifted by one place to the right.
Step III: By subtracting the later series from the former, find Tn .
Step IV: From Tn , Sn can be found by appropriate summation.
 Note:  Sum of squares of first n natural numbers

n
n (n  1)(2n  1)
 12  22  32  .......  n2   r 2 
r 1 6
 Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers
n 2
3 3 3 3 3  n ( n  1) 
3
 1  2  3  4  .......  n   r  
r 1  2 
Vn METHOD ( Telescopic Sum)
This method is used to find the sum of series in which each term have product of two or more
numbers or factors. In this method we split each term in the difference of two terms and
because of this most of the trems get cancelled and finally we are left with two/ three
terms.
PROPERTIES OF ARITHMETIC, GEOMETRIC AND HARMONIC MEANS BETWEEN
TWO GIVEN NUMBERS
Let A, G and H be arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means of two numbers a and b. Then,
ab 2ab
A , G  ab and H 
2 ab
These three means possess the following properties :
(1) A  G  H
In general we have RMS  AM  GM  HM, where RMS stands for root
a2  b2
mean square, and RMS 
2
(2) A, G, H form a G.P., i.e. G 2  AH
a  b 2ab
AH    ab  ( ab )2  G2 Hence, G 2  AH
2 a b
(3) If A, G, H be A.M., G.M., H.M. between two distinct numbers a and b,
 A when n  0
a n1  b n1 
then  G when n  1/ 2
a n  bn  H when n  1



APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC – WISE SHEETS



1. The number of terms in the series 101  99  97  .....  47 is
(A) 25 (B) 28 (C) 30 (D) 20
2. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 2 or 5 is
3. If 2 x, x  8, 3 x  1 are in A.P., then the value of x will be
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 5 (D) –2
4. If mth terms of the series 63  65  67  69  ......... and 3  10  17  24  ...... be equal,

then m 
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 15
5. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is nA  n 2 B , where A, B are constants, then its common
difference will be
(A) lo g 2 5 (B) A  B (C) 2A (D) 2B
6. If the 9th term of an A.P. is 35 and 19th is 75, then its 20th terms will be
(A) 78 (B) 79 (C) 80 (D) 81
( a  c) 2
7. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 
(b2  ac)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
 7
8. If log 3 2, log 3 (2 x  5) and log 3  2 x   are in A.P., then x is equal to
 2
1 1 3
(A) 1, (B) 1, (C) 1, (D) None of these
2 3 2
9. If nth terms of two A.P.'s are 3n  8 and 7n  15 , then the ratio of their 12th terms will
be
(A) 4/9 (B) 7/16 (C) 3/7 (D) 8/15
10. If the numbers a, b, c, d , e form an A.P., then the value of a  4b  6c  4d  e is
11. The sixth term of an A.P. is equal to 2, the value of the common difference of the A.P.
which makes the product a1a4 a5 least is given by
8 5
(A) x  (B) x  (C) x  2 / 3 (D) None of these
5 4
12. The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. If the smallest angle be 120o and the
common difference be 50, then the number of sides is
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 9 (D) 6

1 1
13. If the pth term of an A.P. be and q th term be , then the sum of its pq th terms will
q p
be
pq  1 1  pq pq  1 pq  1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
2 2 2 2
14. The sum of first n natural numbers is

n ( n  1) n ( n  1)
(A) n (n  1) (B) (C) n (n  1) (D)
2 2
15. The first term of an A.P. is 2 and common difference is 4. The sum of its 40 terms will be
(A) 3200 (B) 1600 (C) 200 (D) 2800


1. If the first, second and last terms of an A.P. be a, b, 2a respectively, then its sum will be
ab ab 3ab 3ab
(A) (B) (C) (D)
ba 2(b  a ) 2(b  a ) 4(b  a )
2. The ratio of the sums of first n even numbers and n odd numbers will be
(A) 1: n (B) (n  1) :1 (C) (n  1) : n (D) (n  1) :1
3. If a1 , a2 , a3 .......an are in A.P., where ai  0 for all i , then the value of

1 1 1
  ........  
a1  a2 a2  a3 an 1  an
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a1  an a1  an a1  an a1  an
4. The sum of all natural numbers between 1 and 100 which are multiples of 3 is
(A) 1680 (B) 1683 (C) 1681 (D) 1682
5. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 2n 2  5n , then the nth term will be

(A) 4n  3 (B) 4n  5 (C) 4n  6 (D) 4n  7
1 2
6. The maximum sum of the series 20  19  18  ......... is
3 3
7. The solution of the equation ( x  1)  ( x  4)  ( x  7)  .........  ( x  28)  155 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

8. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an arithmetic progression, then the value of

(S 2 n  Sn ) is equal to
1 1
(A) 2Sn (B) S3n (C) S3n (D) Sn
3 2
9. The solution of log 3 x  log 4 3 x  log 6 3 x  .........  log16 3 x  36 is
(A) x3 (B) x4 3 (C) x9 (D) x 3
10. The sum of the integers from 1 to 100 which are not divisible by 3 or 5 is
(A) 2489 (B) 4735 (C) 2317 (D) 2632
11. The sum of the first and third term of an arithmetic progression is 12 and the product of
first and second term is 24, then first term is
(A) 1 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 6
12. If the sum of the first 2n terms of 2,5,8... is equal to the sum of the first n terms of
57,59,61... , then n is equal to
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13
1 1 1
13. If a1 , a2 ,...., an 1 are in A.P., then   .....  is
a1a2 a2 a3 an an 1
n 1 1 n 1 n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a1an 1 a1an 1 a1an 1 a1an 1
S3n
14. Let Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an A.P. If S 2 n  3S n , then ratio 
Sn
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10
15. The sum of the first four terms of an A.P. is 56. The sum of the last four terms is 112. If
its first term is 11, the number of terms is



SHEET # 03: ARITHMETIC MEAN

1. The number of terms of the A.P. 3,7,11,15...to be taken so that the sum is 406 is
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 14
2. There are 15 terms in an arithmetic progression. Its first term is 5 and their sum is 390.
The middle term is
(A) 23 (B) 26 (C) 29 (D) 32
3. If the sum of the 10 terms of an A.P. is 4 times to the sum of its 5 terms, then the ratio of
first term and common difference is
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 :1 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 3: 2

4. Three number are in A.P. such that their sum is 18 and sum of their squares is 158. The
greatest number among them is
1 1
5. If A1 , A2 be two arithmetic means between and , then their values are
3 24
7 5 17 5 7 5 5 17
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) ,
72 36 72 36 36 72 72 72
a n 1  b n 1
6. If be the A.M. of a and b , then n 
an  bn
13
7. A number is the reciprocal of the other. If the arithmetic mean of the two numbers be ,
12
then the numbers are
1 4 3 4 2 5 3 2
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) ,
4 1 4 3 5 2 2 3
8. If A be an arithmetic mean between two numbers and S be the sum of n arithmetic
means between the same numbers, then
(A) S  n A (B) A  n S (C) A  S (D) None of these
9. The arithmetic mean of first n natural number
n 1 n 1 n
(A) (B) (C) (D) n
2 2 2
10. The sum of n arithmetic means between a and b , is
n(a  b ) ( n  1)( a  b )
(A) (B) n(a  b) (C) (D) (n  1)(a  b)
2 2
11. After inserting n A.M.'s between 2 and 38, the sum of the resulting progression is 200.
The value of n is
12. If the sum of two extreme numbers of an A.P. with four terms is 8 and product of
remaining two middle term is 15, then greatest number of the series will be
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 11
13. If the sides of a right angled triangle are in A.P., then the sides are proportional to
(A) 1: 2: 3 (B) 2: 3: 4 (C) 3: 4: 5 (D) 4: 5: 6
14. Three numbers are in A.P. whose sum is 33 and product is 792, then the smallest number
from these numbers is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 11 (D) 14
15. The four arithmetic means between 3 and 23 are

(A) 5, 9, 11, 13 (B) 7, 11, 15, 19 (C) 5, 11, 15, 22 (D) 7, 15, 19, 21

SHEET # 04: GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (nth TERM)

1. If a, b, c are in G.P., then
(A) a(b 2  a 2 )  c (b 2  c 2 ) (B) a (b 2  c 2 )  c ( a 2  b 2 )
(C) a 2 (b  c )  c 2 ( a  b ) (D) None of these
2. 7 th term of the sequence 2, 10, 5 2, ....... is

(A) 125 10 (B) 25 2 (C) 125 (D) 125 2
3. If the 4th , 7th and 10th terms of a G.P. be a, b, c respectively, then the relation between
a, b, c is
ac
(A) b  (B) a 2  bc (C) b 2  ac (D) c 2  ab
2
4. If the first term of a G.P. be 5 and common ratio be 5 , then which term is 3125
(A) 6th (B) 5th (C) 7 th (D) 8th
5. The number which should be added to the numbers 2, 14, 62 so that the resulting
numbers may be in G.P., is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
6. The terms of a G.P. are positive. If each term is equal to the sum of two terms that follow
it, then the common ratio is
5 1 1 5
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 2 5
2 2
7. If x, 2 x  2,3x  3, are in G.P., then the fourth term is

(A) 27 (B) –27 (C) 13.5 (D) –13.5
8. If the ratio of the sum of first three terms and the sum of first six terms of a G.P. be 125 :
152, then the common ratio r is
3 5 2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 3 3 2
9. If x, y, z are in G.P. and a x  b y  c z , then

(A) log a c  log b a (B) log b a  log c b (C) log c b  log a c (D) None of these
10. If the third term of a G.P. is 4 then the product of its first 5 terms is
1 16
11. If the 5th term of a G.P. is and 9th term is , then the 4th term will be
3 243
3 1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 5

12. If the roots of the cubic equation ax3  bx 2  cx  d  0 are in G.P., then
(A) c3a  b 3d (B) ca3  bd 3 (C) a3b  c3d (D) ab3  cd 3
13. If the 10th term of a geometric progression is 9 and 4th term is 4, then its 7 th term is
4 9
(A) 6 (B) 36 (C) (D)
9 4
14. The third term of a G.P. is the square of first term. If the second term is 8, then the 6th
term is
(A) 120 (B) 124 (C) 128 (D) 132
15. If the sum of an infinite G.P. be 9 and the sum of first two terms be 5, then the common
ratio is
(A) 1/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 3/4 (D) 2/3
SHEET # 05: GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (SUM)

1. The sum of 100 terms of the series .9  .09  .009......... will be
100 100 106 100
 1  1   1  1 
(A) 1    (B) 1    (C) 1    (D) 1   
 10   10   10   10 
2. If the sum of three terms of G.P. is 19 and product is 216, then the common ratio of the
series is
3 3
(A)  (B) (C) 2 (D) 3
2 2
3. If every term of a G.P. with positive terms is the sum of its two previous terms, then the
common ratio of the series is
2 5 1 5 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
5 2 2
4. The sum of first two terms of a G.P. is 1 and every term of this series is twice of its
previous term, then the first term will be
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 2/3 (D) 3/4
5. The sum of n terms of the following series 1  (1  x)  (1  x  x 2 )  .......... will be

1  xn x(1  x n ) n(1  x)  x(1  xn )
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
1 x 1 x (1  x)2
6. If the sum of first 6 term is 9 times to the sum of first 3 terms of the same G.P., then the
common ratio of the series will be
(A) –2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) ½
20
an 1 1
7. For a sequence  an , a1  2 and  . Then  ar is
an 3 r 1
20  1 
(A) [4  19  3] (B) 3 1  20  (C) 2(1  320 ) (D) None of these
2  3 

8. The solution of the equation 1  a  a 2  a 3  .......  a x  (1  a )(1  a 2 )(1  a 4 ) is given by

x is equal to
9. The sum of few terms of any ratio series is 728, if common ratio is 3 and last term is 486,
then first term of series will be
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
10. Three numbers are in G.P. such that their sum is 38 and their product is 1728. The
greatest number among them is
11. The first term of a G.P. is 7, the last term is 448 and sum of all terms is 889, then the
common ratio is
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
12. The sum of a G.P. with common ratio 3 is 364, and last term is 243, then the number of
terms is
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 10
13. If n geometric means be inserted between a and b then the nth geometric mean will be
n n 1 n 1
 b  n1 b n  b  n1  b n
(A) a  (B) a  (C) a  (D) a  
a a a a
1 1
14. If G be the geometric mean of x and y , then  2 
G  x G  y2
2 2
1 2
(A) G 2 (B) (C) (D) 3G2
G2 G 2
15. If five G.M.’s are inserted between 486 and 2/3 then fourth G.M. will be
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) – 6
SHEET # 06: GEOMETRIC MEAN

1. The G.M. of roots of the equation x 2  18 x  9  0 is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 1
2. The G.M. of the numbers 3,32 ,33 ,....,3n is
2 n1 n n1
n 2
(A) 3 (B) 3 (C) 32 (D) 3 2
3. The two geometric means between the number 1 and 64 are

(A) 1 and 64 (B) 4 and 16 (C) 2 and 16 (D) 8 and 16
4. If x, G1 , G2 , y be the consecutive terms of a G.P., then the value of G1 G2 will be

y x
(A) (B) (C) xy (D) xy
x y

5. If the product of three consecutive terms of G.P. is 216 and the sum of product of pair-
wise is 156, then the numbers will be
(A) 1, 3, 9 (B) 2, 6, 18 (C) 3, 9, 27 (D) 2, 4, 8
4 3
6. The sum of infinity of a geometric progression is and the first term is . The common
3 4
ratio is
(A) 7/16 (B) 9/16 (C) 1/9 (D) 7/9
7. If A  1  r z  r 2 z  r 3 z  ....... , then the value of r will be

1/ z 1/ z
 A 1  1 
(A) A(1  A) z (B)   (C)   1 (D) A(1  A)1/ z
 A  A 
8. x  1  a  a 2  .... (a  1)
y  1  b  b 2 ....... (b  1)
Then the value of 1  ab  a 2b 2  .......... is
xy xy xy xy
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x  y 1 x  y 1 x  y 1 x  y 1
9. The first term of a G.P. whose second term is 2 and sum to infinity is 8, will be
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
  
10. If x   a n , y   b n , z   ( ab) n , where a, b  1 , then
n 0 n 0 n 0
(A) xyz  x  y  z (B) xz  yz  xy  z (C) xy  yz  xz  y (D) xy  xz  yz  x
11. The sum of infinite terms of a G.P. is x and on squaring the each term of it, the sum will
be y , then the common ratio of this series is
x2  y 2 x2  y 2 x2  y x2  y
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x2  y 2 x2  y 2 x2  y x2  y
12. If the sum of an infinite G.P. and the sum of square of its terms is 3, then the common
ratio of the first series is
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 2/3 (D) 3/2
13. The sum of the series 5.05  1.212  0.29088  ...  is
(A) 6.93378 (B) 6.87342 (C) 6.74384 (D) 6.64474
14. Consider an infinite G.P. with first term a and common ratio r, its sum is 4 and the second
term is 3/4, then
7 3 3 1 3 1
(A) a  , r  (B) a  , r  (C) a  2, r  (D) a  3, r 
4 7 2 2 8 4
15. The value of 41/3.41/9.41/27........... is

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 9

SHEET # 07: INFINITE G.P.

1. If | x |  1 , then the sum of the series 1  2 x  3 x 2  4 x3  ........... will be
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 2
(D)
1 x 1 x (1  x ) (1  x) 2
3 5 7
2. 1    ......  is equal to
2 2 2 23
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12
4 7 10
3. The sum of infinite terms of the following series 1   2  3  ......... will be
5 5 5
3 35 35 35
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 8 4 16
4. The sum of the series 1  3 x  6 x 2  10 x3  ........ will be

1 1 1 1
(A) 2
(B) (C) (D)
(1  x) 1 x (1  x ) 2 (1  x)3
5. The sum of the series 1  2 x  3 x2  4 x3  ......... upto n terms is

1  (n  1) x n  nx n1 1  xn
(A) (B)
(1  x)2 1 x
(C) x n1 (D) None of these
1 3 7 15
6. The sum of the first n terms of the series     ......... is
2 4 8 16
(A) 2n  n  1 (B) 1  2 n (C) n  2  n  1 (D) 2n  1
2 3 4
7. The sum of 1     ........... upto n terms is
5 5 2 53
25 4n  5 3 2n  5 3 3n  5 1 5n  1
(A)  n 1
(B)  n 1
(C)  (D) 
16 16  5 4 16  5 7 16  5n 1 2 3  5n  2
8. 21/4.4/8.81/16.161/32.......... is equal to
3 5
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D)
2 2
2 8 26 80
9. Sum of the series     ..... to n terms is
3 9 27 81
1 1 1 1
(A) n  (3n  1) (B) n  (3n  1) (C) n  (1  3 n ) (D) n  (3 n  1)
2 2 2 2
10. nth term of the series 3.8  6.11  9.14  12.17  ..... will be
(A) 3n(3n  5) (B) 3n(n  5) (C) n(3n  5) (D) n(n  5)

11. The sum of the series 12.2  2 2.3  32.4  ........ to n terms is
n3 (n  1)3 (2n  1) n(n  1)(3n2  7n  2)
(A) (B)
24 12
n( n  1) n( n  1)
(C) [ n( n  1)  (2 n  1)] (D) [6 n( n  1)  2(2 n  1)]
6 12
12. The sum of the series 1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5  ....... to n terms is
(A) n(n  1)(n  2) (B) (n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
1 1
(C) n( n  1)( n  2)( n  3) (D) ( n  1)( n  2)( n  3)
4 4
13. The sum of 13  23  33  43  .....  153 , is

(A) 22000 (B) 10,000 (C) 14,400 (D) 15,000
14. The sum of the series 3.6  4.7  5.8  ........ upto (n  2) terms
1
(A) n3  n 2  n  2 (B) (2 n3  12n 2  10 n  84)
6
(C) n3  n 2  n (D) None of these
1 1 1 1
15.    ........  ....... equals
1.2 2.3 3.4 n.(n  1)
1 n 2n 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n(n  1) n 1 n 1 n(n  1)
SHEET # 08: SPECIAL SEQUENCE: SUM USING SIGMA & METHOD OF

DIFFERENCE
1. The sum of the series 1.3.5  .2.5.8  3.7.11  ......... upto ' n ' terms is
n (n  1)(9n 2  23n  13) n (n  1)(9n 2  23n  12)
(A) (B)
6 6
2 2
(n  1)(9n  23n  13) n (9n  23n  13)
(C) (D)
6 6
3 5 7
2. Sum of the n terms of the series  2  2  ... is
1 1  2 1  2 2  32
2 2
2n 4n 6n 9n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
3. The sum of the series 1.32  2.52  3.72  .......... upto 20 terms is
13  23  33  43  ........123
4. 
12  2 2  32  42  .........12 2
234 243 263
25 35 27

5. The sum of n terms of the following series 1.2  2.3  3.4  4.5  ......... shall be
1
(A) n3 (B) n ( n  1)( n  2)
3
1 1
(C) n ( n  1)( n  2) (D) n ( n  1)(2n  1)
6 3
6. 113  123  ....  203

(A) Is divisible by 5
(B) Is an odd integer divisible by 5
(C) Is an even integer which is not divisible by 5
(D) Is an odd integer which is not divisible by 5
7. The sum to n terms of the infinite series 1.32  2.52  3.72  .......... is
n n
(A) ( n  1)(6n 2  14 n  7) (B) ( n  1)(2n  1)(3n  1)
6 6
(C) 4n3  4n 2  n (D) None of these
8. 112  122  132  .......202 

(A) 2481 (B) 2483 (C) 2485 (D) 2487
9. 1  3  7  15  31  .......... to n terms =
(A) 2n 1  n (B) 2n1  n  2 (C) 2n  n  2 (D) None of these
10. 2  4  7  11  16  ...... to n terms =
1 2 n 2
(A) ( n  3n  8) (B) (n  3n  8)
6 6
1 2 n 2
(C) ( n  3n  8) (D) (n  3n  8)
6 6
11. Sum of n terms of series 12  16  24  40  ..... will be
(A) 2 (2n  1)  8n (B) 2(2n  1)  6n (C) 3(2 n  1)  8n (D) 4(2n  1)  8n
12. nth term of the series 2  4  7  11  ....... will be

n2  n  1 n2  n  2 n 2  2n  2
(A) (B) n2  n  2 (C) (D)
2 2 2
13. 99th term of the series 2  7  14  23  34  ..... is
(A) 9998 (B) 9999 (C) 10000 (D) 100000
14. The sum of i  2  3i  4  ......... upto 100 terms, where i  1 is
(A) 50(1  i ) (B) 25i (C) 25(1  i ) (D) 100(1  i)
15. The sum of the series 1  (1  2)  (1  2  3)  ............ upto n terms, will be
n( n  1)(2n  1)
(A) n 2  2n  6 (B)
6
n( n  1)( n  2)
(C) n 2  2n  6 (D)
6

SHEET # 09: HARMONIC PROGRESSION

1. If the mth term of a H.P. be n and nth be m , then the r th term will be
r mn mn mn
(A) (B) (C) (D)
mn r 1 r r 1
2. Which number should be added to the numbers 13, 15, 19 so that the resulting numbers
be the consecutive terms of a H.P.
(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) –6 (D) –7
1 1
3. The fifth term of the H.P., 2, 2 , 3 ,............. will be
2 3
1 1
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 1/10 (D) 10
5 5
4. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,..............., an are in H.P., then a1a2  a2 a3  ..........  an 1an will be equal to

(A) a1an (B) na1an (C) (n  1)a1an (D) None of these
1 1
5. If 5th term of a H.P. is and 11th term is , then its 16th term will be
45 69
(A) 1/89 (B) 1/85 (C) 1/80 (D) 1/79
6. If a, b, c are three distinct positive real numbers which are in H.P., then
3a  2b 3c  2b
 is
2a  b 2c  b
(A) Greater than or equal to 10 (B) Less than or equal to 10
(C) Only equal to 10 (D) None of these
7. If a, b, c, d are in H.P., then ab  bc  cd is equal to

(A) 3ad (B) (a  b)(c  d ) (C) 3ac (D) None of these
H H
8. If H is the harmonic mean between p and q , then the value of  is
p q
pq pq
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) None of these
pq pq
1 1
9. If the harmonic mean between a and b be H , then the value of  is
H a H b
1 1 1 1
(A) ab (B) ab (C)  (D) 
a b a b
10. H.M. between the roots of the equation x 2  10 x  11  0 is

1 5 21 11
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 21 20 5

a a
11. The harmonic mean of and is
1  ab 1  ab
a a 1
(A) (B) (C) a (D)
1  a 2b 2 1  a 2b 2 1  a 2b 2
6
12. The sixth H.M. between 3 and is
13
63 63 126 120
(A) (B) (C) (D)
120 12 105 63
a n 1  b n 1
13. If be the harmonic mean between a and b , then the value of n is
an  bn
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 2
H a H b
14. If the harmonic mean between a and b be H , then  
H a H b
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) ab
15. If a, b, c be in H.P., then
(A) a 2  c 2  b2 (B) a 2  b2  2c2 (C) a 2  c 2  2b 2 (D) a 2  b2  c 2

APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN

1. If a1, a2, a3,.............are in AP then ap, aq, ar are in AP if p, q, r are in
(A) AP (B) GP (C) HP (D) None of these
2. The product of n positive numbers is unity. Then their sum is
(A) A positive integer (B) Divisible by n
1
(C) Equal to n + (D) Never less than n
n
3. If p, q, r , s  N and they are four consecutive terms of an AP then the pth, qth, rth, sth
terms of a GP in
4. If in a progression a1, a2, a3,........, etc., (ar – ar + 1 ) bears a constant ratio with ar.ar + 1 then
the terms of the progression are in
a2 a3 a2  a3 a a 
5. If   3  2 3  then a1, a2, a3, a4 are in
a1a4 a1  a4  a1  a4 
6. Let x, y, z be three positive prime numbers. The progression in which x , y , z can

be three terms ( not necessarily consecutive ) is
7. Let f(x) = 2x + 1. Then the number of real number of real values of x for which the three
unequal numbers f(x), f(2x), f(4x) are in GP is
8. If ar  0, r  N , a1, a2, a3,.........., a2n are in AP then

a1  a2 n a  a2 n 1 a a an  an 1
 2  3 2 n 2  .........  is equal to
a1  a2 a2  a3 a3  a4 an  an 1
n(a1  a2 n ) n 1
(A) (n – 1) (B) (C) (D) None of these
a1  an 1 a1  an 1
a2 n 1  a1 a2 n  a2 a  an
9. If a1, a2, a3,........, a2n + 1 are in AP then   ...........  n  2 is equal to
a2 n 1  a1 a2 n  a2 an  2  an
n( n  1) a2  a1 n( n  1)
(A) . (B)
2 an 1 2
(C) (n + 1) (a2 – a1) (D) None of these
10. Let a1, a2, a3,........ be in AP and ap, aq, ar be in G.P. Then aq : ap is equal to
rp q p rq
q p rq q p

11. If in an AP, t1 = log10 a, tn + 1 = log10 b and t2n + 1 = log10 c then a, b, c are in

12. If n !, 3  n ! and (n + 1) ! are in GP then n !, 5  n ! and (n + 1) ! are in
13. In an AP, the pth term is q and the (p + q)th term is 0. Then the qth term is
(A) – p (B) p (C) p + q (D) p – q
14. In a sequence of (4n + 1) terms the first (2n + 1) terms as in AP whose common
difference is 2, and the last (2n + 1) terms are in GP whose common ratio is 0.5. If the
middle terms of the AP and GP are equal then the middle term of the sequence is
n.2n 1 n.2 n 1
(A) (B) (C) n . 2n (D) None of these
2n  1 22n  1
 15 5 3 
15. If x 2  9 y 2  25 z 2  xyz     then x, y, z in
 x y z
16. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 - 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d2) then  0 a, b, c, d are in
17. The largest term common to the sequences 1, 11, 21, 31,.........to 100 terms and 31, 36,
41, 46,....to 100 terms is
18. The interior angles of a convex polygon are in AP, the common difference being 50. If the
2
smallest angle is then the number of sides is
3
19. The minimum number of terms of 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ........that add up to a number exceeding
1357 is
(A) 15 (B) 37 (C) 35 (D) 17
20. In the value of 100! the number of zeros at the end is
(A) 11 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24
21. If (2n  r )r , n  N , r  N is expressed as the sum of k consecutive odd natural numbers

then k is equal to
(A) r (B) n (C) r + 1 (D) n + 1
22. The sum of all odd proper divisors of 360 is
23. In the sequence 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4,. ..........., where n consecutive terms have the
value n, the 150th term is

24. In the sequence 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,..............., where k consecutive

terms have the value k (k = 1, 2, 4, 8,...), the 1025th term is
(A) 29 (B) 210 (C) 211 (D) 28
25. Let {tn} be a sequence of integers in GP in which t4 : t6 = 1 : 4 and t2 + t5 = 216. Then t1 is
 5c   3b   a 
26. If log   , log   and log   are in AP, where a, b, c are in G.P., then a, b, c are the
 a   5c   3b 
lengths of sides of
(A) An isosceles triangle (B) An equilateral triangle
(C) A scalene triangle (D) None of these
27. If x, 2y, 3z are in AP, where the distinct numbers x, y, z are in GP, then the common ratio
of the GP is
1 1
(A) 3 (B) (C) 2 (D) .
3 2
a
28. If x > 0 and a is known positive number then the least values of ax + is
x
(A) a2 (B) a (C) 2a (D) None of these
29. If a, a1, a2, a3, ............a2n - 1, b are in AP, a, b1, b2, b3,......., b2n - 1, b are in GP and
a, c1, c2, c3,.....,c2n - 1, b are in HP, where a, b are positive, then the equation
an x 2  bn x  cn  0 has its roots
(A) Real and unequal (B) Real and equal (C) Imaginary (D) None of these
30. If a, x, b are in AP, a, y, b are in GP and a, z, b are in HP such that x = 9z and a > 0, b > 0
then
(A) | y | = 3z (B) x = 3 | y | (C) 2y = x + z (D) None of these
31. If three numbers are in HP then the numbers obtained by subtracting half of the middle
number from each of them are in
32. a, b, c, d, e are five numbers in which the first three are in AP and the last three are in
HP. If the three numbers in the middle are in GP then the numbers in the odd places are
in
1 1 1
33. If a, b, c are in AP then a  , b , c are in
bc ca ab
34. If the first and the (2n – 1)th terms of an AP, a GP and an HP are equal and their nth terms
are a, b and c respectively then
(A) a = b = c (B) a  b  c (C) a + c = b (D) ac - b2 = 0

a n  bn
35. is the HM between a and b  a  b  if n is
a n 1  bn 1
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) – (D) 1
2 2
1 1
36. If the harmonic mean between P and Q be H then H    is equal to
P Q
PQ PQ 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D)
PQ PQ 2
37. The angles of a triangle are in A. P. and the ratio of the greatest to the smallest angle is
3 :1 . Then the smallest angle is
  
6 3 4
38. Let S be the sum, P be the product and R be the sum of the reciprocals of n terms of a GP.
Then P2Rn: Sn is equal to
(A) 1 : 1 (B) (common ratio)n : 1
(C) (first term)2 : (common ratio)n (D) None of these
a n 1  b n 1
39. If is the A.M. between a and b  a  b  , then n is equal to
an  bn
(A) –1 (B) –2 (C) 0 (D) 1
n
40. If S n  nP  ( n  1)Q , where Sn denotes the sum of the first n terms of an A.P., then
2
common difference is
(A) P + Q (B) 2P + 3Q (C) 2Q (D) Q
41. If the sum of first 2n terms of A.P. 2, 5, 8,... is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the
A.P. 57, 59, 61, ....., then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13
1 1 1
42. If S denotes the sum to infinity and Sn the sum of n terms of the series 1     .....,
2 4 8
1
such that S  Sn  , then the least value of n is
1000
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11
43. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ..... is an A.P. such that

a1  a5  a10  a15  a20  a24  225
then a1  a2  a3  ...  a23  a24 is equal to
(A) 909 (B) 75 (C) 750 (D) 900
44. If the sum of first p terms, first q terms and first r terms of an A.P. be a, b and c
a b c
respectively, then  q  r    r  p    p  q  is equal to
p q r
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) pqr (D) None

45. The numbers 32sin 2 1 ,14,34  2sin 2 form first three terms of an A.P. Its fifth term is equal
to
(A) –25 (B) –12 (C) 40 (D) 53
46. If sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n   5n and Tm  164, m  ?

(A) 26 (B) 27 (C) 28 (D) 25
47. If x > 0 and log 2 x  log 2  x   log  x   log  x   log  x   ........  4

2
4
2
8
2
16
then x
equals
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
48. If the ratio of sum of m terms and n terms of an A.P. be m 2 : n 2 , then the ratio of its mth
and nth terms will be
(A) 2m –1 : 2n – 1 (B) m : n (C) 2m + 1 : 2n + 1 (D) None
49. The ratio between the sum of n terms of two A.P.’s is 3n + 8 : 7n + 15. Then the ratio
between their 12th terms is
(A) 5 : 7 (B) 7 : 16 (C) 12 : 11 (D) None
50. log 3 2, log 6 2, log12 2 are in

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None

APPLICATION PART # 03 JEE MAIN CORNER 
a1  a2  ...  a p p2 a
1. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,...... be terms of an A.P. If  2
, p  q , then 6 equals
a1  a2  ....  aq q a21
[2006]
41 7 2 11
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11 2 7 41
2. If a1 , a2 ,....., an are in H.P., then the expression a1a2  a2 a3  ....  an 1an is equal to
[2006]
(A) n  a1  an  (B)  n  1 a1  an  (C) na1an (D)  n  1 a1an
1 1 1
3. The sum of the series    ..... upto infinity [2007]
2! 3! 4!
1 1
 
(A) e 2
(B) e 2
(C) e2 (D) e1
4. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the
next two terms. Then the common ratio of this progression is equals [2007]
1 1 1
(A) 5 (B)
2
5 1  
(C) 1  5
2
(D)
2
 5 
5. The first two terms of a geometric progression add up to 12. The sum of the third and the
fourth terms is 48. If the terms of the geometric progression are alternately positive and
negative, then the first term is [2008]
(A) 4 (B) –4 (C) –12 (D) 12
6. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let a denote the number of notes he counts in
n
th
the n minute. If a1  a2  ...  a10  150 and a10 , a11 ,... are in AP with common
difference 2 , then the time taken by him to count all notes is : [2010]
(A) 24 minutes (B) 34 minutes (C) 125 minutes (D) 135 minutes
100 100
7. Let an be nth term of an A.P. If  a   and
2r a 2 r 1
  , then the common difference
r 1 r 1
of the A.P. is: [2011]
   
(A) (B)    (C) (D)   
100 200
8. A man saves of Rs. 200 in each of the first three months of his service. In each of the
subsequent months his saving increases by Rs. 40 more than the saving of immediately
previous month. His total saving from the start of service will be Rs. 11040 after: [2011]
(A) 18 months (B) 19 months (C) 20 months (D) 21 months
9. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777..... is: [2013]
7 7 7 7
(A)
81
179  10 20  (B)  99  10 20 
9
(C)
81
179  10 20  (D)  99  10 20 
9
10. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P. is
doubled, the new numbers are in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is : [2014]
(A) 2  3 (B) 3  2 (C) 2  3 (D) 2  3

9 1 8 2 7 9 9
11. If 10   2 11 10   3 11 10  ...  10 11  k 10  , then k is equal to : [2014]
121 441
(A) (B) (C) 100 (D) 110
10 100
12. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers l and n  l , n 1 and G1, G2 and G3 are three
4 4 4
geometric means between l and n , then  G1   2  G2    G3  equals, [2015]
(A) 4l 2 mn (B) 4lm2 n (C) 4lmn2 (D) 4l 2 m 2 n 2
13 13  23 13  23  33
13. The sum of first 9 terms of the series    .... is [2015]
1 1 3 1 3  5
(A) 71 (B) 96 (C) 142 (D) 192
14. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P., then the common ratio
of this G.P. is: [2016]
4 7 8
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
3 4 5
2 2 2 2
 3  2  1  4
15. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series  1    2    3   4 2   4   .....,
 5  5  5  5
16
is m, then m, is equal to - [2016]
5
(A) 101 (B) 100 (C) 99 (D) 102
16. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c , 9  25a 2  b 2   25  c 2  3ac   15b  3a  c  .
Then : [2017]
(A) b, c and a are in G.P. (B) b, c and a are in A.P.
(C) a, b and c are in A.P. (D) a, b and c are in G.P.
3
17. If a, b, c are in A.P. and a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in G.P. such that a  b  c and a  b  c  , then
4
the value of a is: [2018]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A)  (B)  . (C)  (D)  .
4 4 2 4 3 2 4 2 2 4 2
2 3 n
3 3 3 n 1  3 
18. Let An           .....   1   and Bn  1  An . Then, the least odd
4 4 4 4
natural number p, so that Bn  An , for all n  p is: [2018]
(A) 9 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 5
1 1 1
19. If x1 , x2 ,...., xn and
, ,....., are two A.P.s such that x3  h2  8 and x8  h7  20 ,
h1 h2 hn
then x5 .h10 equals: [2018]
(A) 2560 (B) 2650 (C) 3200 (D) 1600
20. If b is the first term of an infinite G.P. whose sum is five, then b lies in the interval:[2018]
(A)  , 10 (B)  10,0 (C)  0,10 (D) 10,  .

1 1 1
21. Let , ,....,  xi  0 for i  1, 2,..., n  be in A.P. such that x1  4 and x21  20 . If n is
x1 x2 xn
n
1
the least positive integer for which xn  50 , then   x  is equal to: [2018]
i 1  i
(A) 1/8 (B) 3 (C) 13/8 (D) 13/4.
3 7 15 31
22. The sum of the first 20 terms of the series 1      ....., is: [2018]
2 4 8 16
1 1 1 1
(A) 38  (B) 38  (C) 39  20 (D) 39  .
219 220 2 219
12
23. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,...., a49 be in A.P. such that a
k 0
4 k 1  416 and a9  a43  66 . If
a12  a22  ....  a172  140m , then m is equal to: [2018]

(A) 66 (B) 68 (C) 34 (D) 33
24. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be the sum of the first 40 terms of the series
12  2  22  32  2  42  52  2  6 2  ... . If B  2 A  100  , then  is equal to: [2018]
(A) 232 (B) 248 (C) 464 (D) 496
30 15
25. Let a1 , a 2 ,.....a 30 be an A.P., S   a i and T   a (2i 1), . If a 5  27 and S  2T  75,
i 1 i 1
then a10 is equal to: [2019]

(A) 42 (B) 52 (C) 57 (D) 47
26. If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in G.P. and a + b + c = xb, then x cannot be:
[2019]
(A) –3 (B) –2 (C) 2 (D) 4
27. The sum of all natural numbers ‘n’ such that 100  n  200 and H.C.F.  91, n   1 is:
[2019]
(A) 3221 (B) 3121 (C) 3203 (D) 3303
20
1
28. The sum  k 2k is equal to: [2019]
k 1
3 11 11 21
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 2
217 219 220 2 20
29. Let the sum of the first n terms of a non – constant A.P., a1 , a2 , a3 ,..... be
n n  7
50n  A , where A is a constant. If d is the common difference of this A.P., then
2
the ordered pair  d , a50  is equal to: [2019]
(A)  A,50  46 A (B)  A,50  45 A
(C)  50,50  46A (D)  50,50  45A

30. Some identical balls, are arranged in rows to form an equilateral triangle. The first row
consists of one ball, the second row consists of two balls and so on. If 99 more identical
balls are added to the total number of balls used in forming the equilateral triangle, then
all these balls can be arranged in a square whose each side contains exactly 2 balls less
than the number of balls each side of the triangle contains. Then the number of balls used
to form the equilateral triangle is: [2019]
(A) 190 (B) 262 (C) 225 (D) 157
31.
3
3 13 5  1  2
The sum 2 
 3

 
7  13  23  33
 ....
 [2019]
1 12  22 12  22  32
(A) 660 (B) 620 (C) 680 (D) 600
32. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,...., an are in A.P. and a1  a4  a7  .....  a16  114 , then a1  a6  a11  a16 is
equal to [2019]
(A) 38 (B) 98 (C) 76 (D) 64
13  23 13  23  33 13  23  33  ...  153 1
33. The sum 1    ...   1  2  3  ....  15  [2019]
1 2 1 2  3 1  2  3  ...  15 2
(A) 1240 (B) 1860 (C) 660 (D) 620
1
34. Let a, b and c be in G.P. with common ratio r, where a  0 and 0  r  . If 3a, 7b and
2
15c are the first three terms of an A.P., then the 4th term of this A.P. is: [2019]
7 2
(A) a (B) a (C) a (D) 5a
3 3
35. Let S n denote the sum of the first n terms of an A.P. If S 4  16 and S6  48 , then S10
is equal to: [2019]
(A) –320 (B) –260 (C) –380 (D) –410
36. If the sum of the first 40 terms of the series, 3+4+8+9+13+14+18+19+…. is (102)m, then
m is equal to [2020]
(A) 25 (B) 20 (C) 10 (D) 5
9
37. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ..... be a G.P. such that a1  0, a1  a2  4 and a3  a4  16 . If  ai  4 ,
i 1
then  is equal to: [2020]
511
(A) 171 (B) –513 (C) (D) –171
3
1 1
38. If the 10th term of an A.P. is and its 20th term is , then the sum of its first 200
20 10
terms is [2020]
1 1
(A) 100 (B) 50 (C) 100 (D) 50
4 2

7 n  n  1 2n  1
39. The sum,  4
is equal to [2020]
n 1
100 100
40. Let an be the nth term of a G.P. of positive terms. If  a2 n1  200 and  a2 n  100 ,
n 1 n 1
200
then  an is [2020]
n 1
(A) 175 (B) 150 (C) 300 (D) 225
41. The number of terms common to the two A.P.’s 3, 7, 11,… 407 and 2, 9, 16, …, 709 is
___. [2020]
20
42. The sum  1  2  3  .....  k  is [2020]
k 1
43. The greatest positive integer k, for which 49k  1 is a factor of the sum
49125  49124  .....  492  49  1, is [2020]
(A) 32 (B) 63 (C) 65 (D) 60
44. Five numbers are in A.P., whose sum is 25 and product is 2520. If one of these five
1
numbers is  , then the greatest number amongst them is: [2020]
2
21
(A) (B) 16 (C) 27 (D) 7
2
1 1 1 1
45. The product 24 416 8 48 128
16 .... to  is equal to [2020]
1 1
(A) 24 (B) 22 (C) 1 (D) 2

 



1. If a, b, c are distinct positive real in H.P., then the value of the expression,
ba bc
 is equal to
ba b c
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
1 1 1
2. The sum to infinity of the series    ....... is equal to :
1 1 2 1 2  3
5
(A) 2 (B) (C) 3 (D) None of these
2
3. Along a road lies an odd number of stones placed at intervals of 10 m. These stones have
to be assembled around the middle stone. A person can carry only one stone at a time. A
man carried out the job starting with the stone in the middle, carrying stones in
succession, thereby covering a distance of 4.8 km. Then the number of stones is
(A) 15 (B) 29 (C) 31 (D) 35
4. If S = 12 + 32 + 52 + ....... + (99)2 then the value of the sum 22 + 42 + 62 + ....... + (100)2
is
(A) S + 2550 (B) 2S (C) 4S (D) S + 5050
5. In an A.P. with first term 'a' and the common difference d (a, d  0), the ratio ' ' of the
sum of the first n terms to sum of n terms succeeding them does not depend on n. Then
the ratio a/d and the ratio ' ', respectively are
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) 2, (C) , (D) ,2
2 4 3 2 3 2
6. The arithmetic mean of the nine numbers in the given set {9, 99, 999, ....... 999999999} is
a 9 digit number N, all whose digits are distinct. The number N does not contain the digit
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 9
7. If for an A.P. a1 , a2 , a3 ,.... , an , a1 + a3 + a5 = – 12 and a1 a2 a3 = 8
then the value of a2 + a4 + a6 equals
(A) – 12 (B) – 16 (C) – 18 (D) – 21
8. An H.M. is inserted between the number 1/3 and an unknown number. If we diminish the
reciprocal of the inserted number by 6, it is the G.M. of the reciprocal of 1/3 and that of
the unknown number. If all the terms of the respective H.P. are distinct then
(A) the unknown number is 27 (B) the unknown number is 1/27
(C) the H.M. is 15 (D) the G.M. is 21
9. If x  R, the numbers (51+x + 51  x), a/2, (25x + 25–x) form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the
interval
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D) [12, )

10. If the sum of the first 11 terms of an arithmetical progression equals that of the first 19
terms, then the sum of its first 30 terms, is
(A) equal to 0 (B) equal to – 1 (C) equal to 1 (D) Non unique
11. Let s1 , s2 , s3 ....... and t1 , t2 , t3 ....... are two arithmetic sequences such that s 1 = t1 
10 15
s2  s1
0; s2 = 2t2 and  S   t . Then the value of
i 1
i
i 1
i
t2  t1
is
(A) 8/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 19/8 (D) 2

1  3  5  .......upto n terms 20
12. If 
4  7  10  .......upto n terms 7log10 x
1 1 1
and n  log10 x  log10 x 2  log10 x 4  log10 x 8  ........  , then x is equal to
(A) 103 (B) 105 (C) 106 (D) 107
13. Let an, n  N is an A.P. with common difference 'd' and all whose terms are non-zero. If
1 1 1
n approaches infinity, then the sum   .........  will approach
a1a2 a2 a3 an an1
1 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) a1d
a1d a1d 2a1d
14. The sum of the first three terms of an increasing G.P. is 21 and the sum of their squares is
189. Then the sum of its first n terms is
 1   1
(A) 3 (2n – 1) (B) 12 1   (C) 6 1   (D) 6 (2n – 1)
 2n   2n 

n
n1
15. The value of  1
n1
 n  equals
5 
5 5 5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 24 36 16
2 2 3
16.
2
If a  1 and l n a  l n a
2
   ln a   2 3 4

 .........  3 l n a   l n a    l n a    l n a   ......
then 'a' is equal to
3 4
(A) e1/5 (B) e (C) e (D) e
1 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
17.     .................
2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6.8.10
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
4 3 2

18. A circle of radius r is inscribed in a square. The mid points of sides of the square have
been connected by line segment and a new square resulted. The sides of the resulting
square were also connected by segments so that a new square was obtained and so on,
then the radius of the circle inscribed in the nth square is
 1n   33n   n    5 3n 
(A)  2 2  r (B)  2 2  r (C)  2 2  r (D)  2 2  r
       
19. The product of the arithmetic mean of the lengths of the sides of a triangle and harmonic
mean of the lengths of the altitudes of the triangle is equal to :
(A)  (B) 2  (C) 3  (D) 4 
[ where  is the area of the triangle ABC ]
20. Given  and  are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 4x + k = 0 (k  0). If ,
2 + 2, 3 + 3 are in geometric progression then the value of 'k' equals
16 3
(A) 4 (B) (C) (D) 12
7 7
21. If abcd = 1 where a, b, c, d are positive reals then the minimum value of
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd is
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 20
22. A sequence of equilateral triangles is drawn. The altitude of each is 3 times the
altitude of the preceding triangle, the difference between the area of the first triangle and
the sixth triangle is 968 3 square unit. The perimeter of the first triangle is
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 18
23. If a, b and c are three consecutive positive terms of a G.P. then the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c is
(A) a curve that intersects the x-axis at two distinct points.
(B) entirely below the x-axis.
(C) entirely above the x-axis.
(D) tangent to the x-axis.
24. Let a, b, c be the three sides of a triangle then the quadratic equation
b2 x2 + (b2 + c2 – a2)x + c2 = 0 has
(A) both imaginary roots (B) both positive roots
(C) both negative roots (D) one positive and one negative roots.
360  1 
25.  

k 1  k k  1   k  1 k 
 is the ratio of two relative prime positive integers m and n.

The value of (m + n) is equal to
(A) 43 (B) 41 (C) 39 (D) 37

 n 
26. The sum   n
n1
4  is equal to
4
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 3/8 (D) ½

100
k
27. The sum k
k 1
4
 k 2 1
is equal to
4950 5050 5151

(A) (B) (C) (D) None
10101 10101 10101
n
2
k
k 1
28. For which positive integers n is the ratio, n an integer?
k
k 1
(A) odd n only (B) even n only

(C) n = 1 + 6k only, where k  0 and k  I (D) n = 1 + 3k, integer k  0
29. If x > 1, y > 1, z > 1 are in G.P., then logexe, logeye, logeze are in
(A) A.P. (B) H.P. (C) G.P. (D) A.G.P.
30. (1 + x) (1 + x + x2) (1 + x + x2 + x3) ...... (1 + x + x2 + ...... + x100) when written in the
ascending power of x then the highest exponent of x is ______ .
(A) 4950 (B) 5050 (C) 5150 (D) none
10
31. The sum  k.k ! equals
k 1
(A) (10)! (B) (11)! (C) (10)! + 1 (D) (11)! – 1
32. Given (1 – 2x + 5x2 – 10x3) (1 + x)n = 1 + a1x + a2x2 + .... and that a12  2a2 then the
value of n is
(A) 6 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 3
33. General solution of the equation sec x = 1 + cos x + cos2x + cos3x + .......... , is
   
(A) n  (B) 2n  (C) n  (D) 2n 
3 3 6 6
where n is an integer.
34. The remainder, if 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ......+21999 is divided by 5 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
35. (2n + 1) (2n + 3) (2n + 5) ....... (4n  1) is equal to :
(A) n
 4 n ! (B) n
 4 n ! n ! (C)
 4n  ! n ! (D)
 4 n ! n !
2 .  2 n ! 2 n  ! 2 .  2 n ! 2 n  !  2 n  ! 2 n  ! 2 n ! 2 n !
36. The sum of the series (1² + 1).1! + (2² + 1).2! + (3² + 1). 3! + ..... + (n² + 1). n! is :
(A) (n + 1). (n+2)! (B) n.(n+1)! (C) (n + 1). (n+1)! (D) None of these



1 1 1
1. Statement-1 : If 27 abc  (a + b + c)3 and 3a + 4b + 5c = 12 then    10;
a 2 b3 c5
where a, b, c are positive real numbers.
Statement-2 : For positive real numbers A.M.  G.M.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct
explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
2. Statement-1 : The difference between the sum of the first 100 even natural numbers
and the sum of the first 100 odd natural numbers is 100.
Statement-2 : The difference between the sum of the first n even natural numbers
and sum of the first n odd natural numbers is n.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct
explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 3 to 5
Let am (m = 1, 2, .......,p) be the possible integral values of a for which the graphs of
f (x) = ax2 + 2bx + b and g (x) = 5x2 – 3bx – a meets at some point for all real values of
b.
p n
Let tr    r  am  and Sn   tr , n  N .
m1 r 1
3. The minimum possible value of a is

1 5 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 26 38 46
4. The sum of values of n for which Sn vanishes is
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15

1
5. The value of t
r 5 r
is equal to
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 15 18

[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

6. Let a1, a2, a3 ....... and b1, b2, b3 ...... be arithmetic progressions such that a1 = 25, b1 = 75
and a100 + b100 = 100. Then
(A) The difference between successive terms in progression 'a' is opposite of the
difference in progression 'b'.
(B) an + bn = 100 for any n.
(C) (a1 + b1), (a2 + b2), (a3 + b3), ....... are in A.P.
100
(D) a
r 1
r  br   10000
an21
7. Consider a sequence {an} with a1 = 2 and an  for all n  3, terms of the sequence
an  2
being distinct. Given that a2 and a5 are positive integers and a5  162 then the possible
value(s) of a5 can be
(A) 2 (B) 32 (C) 64 (D) 162
8. The sum of the first three terms of the G.P. in which the difference between the second
and the first term is 6 and the difference between the fourth and the third term is 54, is
(A) 39 (B)  10.5 (C) 27 (D)  27
9. a, b, c are the first three terms of geometric series. If the H.M. of a and b is 12 and that of
b and c is 36 then which of the following hold(s) good?
(A) Sum of the first term and common ratio of the G.P. is 11.
(B) Sum of the first five terms of the G.P. is 948.
(C) If the value of the first term and common ratio of the given G.P. is taken as the first
term and common difference of an A.P. then its 8th term is 29.
(D) The number 648 is one of the term of the G.P.
10. If the roots of the equation, x3 + px2 + qx – 1 = 0 form an increasing G.P. where p and q
are real, then
(A) p + q = 0
(B) p   3,  
(C) one of the roots is unity
(D) One root is smaller than 1 and one root is greater than 1.

11. If the triplets log a, log b, log c and (log a – log 2b), (log 2b – log 3c), (log 3c – log a) are
in arithmetic progression then
(A) 18(a + b + c)2 = 18(a2 + b2 + c2) + ab
(B) a, b, c are in G.P.
(C) a, 2b, 3c are in H.P.
(D) a, b, c can be the lengths of the sides of a triangle
(Assume all logarithmic terms to be defined)
12. x1, x2 are the roots of the equation x2 – 3x + A = 0; x3 , x4 are roots of the equation x2 –
12x + B = 0, such that x1, x2, x3, x4 form an increasing G.P., then
(A) A = 2 (B) B = 32 (C) x1  x 3  5 (D) x 2  x 4  10
y
13. If sin(x  y), sin x and sin (x + y) are in H.P., then sin x.sec 
2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C)  2 (D) – 2
14. Let (1 + x2)2 (1 + x)n = A0 + A1 x + A2 x2 + ...... If A0, A1, A2 are in A.P. then the value
of n is :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7


1. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series are in the ratio of
(7 n + 1) : (4 n + 27) . Find the ratio of their nth term.
2. In an AP of which ‘a’ is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist p terms is equal to zero, show
 aq  p  q  
that the sum of the next q terms is   .
 p  1 
3. (a) The interior angles of a polygon are in AP. The smallest angle is 120° & the common
difference is 5°. Find the number of sides of the polygon.
(b) The interior angles of a convex polygon form an arithmetic progression with a
common difference of 4°. Determine the number of sides of the polygon if its largest
interior angle is 172°.
n  n  1
4. Show that ln (4 × 12 × 36 × 108 × .............. up to n terms)  2n ln 2  ln 3
2
5. There are n AM’s between 1 & 31 such that 7th mean : (n - 1)th mean = 5 : 9, then find
the value of n.
6. Prove that the average of the numbers n sin n°, n = 2, 4, 6, ......., 180, is cot 1°.
359
7. Find the value of the sum  k.cos k .
k 0
8. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 1 and the sum of the first nine terms equal
to 369. The first and the ninth term of a geometric progression coincide with the first and
the ninth term of the arithmetic progression. Find the seventh term of the geometric
progression.
9. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in GP & the last three are in AP, with common
difference 6. If the first number is the same as the fourth, find the four numbers.
10. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terms of an arithmetic series are a, b and a2 where 'a' is negative. The
1st, 2nd and 3rd terms of a geometric series are a, a2 and b find the
(a) Value of a and b
(b) Sum of infinite geometric series if it exists. If no then find the sum to n terms of
the G.P.
(c) Sum of the 40 term of the arithmetic series.
11. Let 'X' denotes the value of the product
(1 + a + a2 + a3 + ....... )(1 + b + b2 + b3 + ..... )
where 'a' and 'b' are the roots of the quadratic equation 11x2 – 4x – 2 = 0
and 'Y' denotes the numerical value of the infinite series
 log b 2   log 5    log 2  log 5    log
0
b
40
b
1
b
41
b
2

2  log b 54
2

2   log 5   ........
3 3
4
  log b b
where b = 2000. Find (XY).

12. Find three numbers a , b , c between 2 & 18 such that;

(i) Their sum is 25
(ii) The numbers 2, a, b are consecutive terms of an AP &
(iii) The numbers b , c , 18 are consecutive terms of a GP .
13. If one AM ‘a’ and two GM’s p and q be inserted between any two given numbers then
show that p3+ q3 = 2apq.
14. If S1, S2, S3,... Sn, .... are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2,
1 1 1 1
3, ... n, ... and whose common ratios are , , ,............, ,...... respectively, then
2 3 4 n 1
2 n 1
2
find the value of S
r 1
r .
15. Find the sum of the first n terms of the sequence :

2 3
 1  1  1
1  2  1    3 1    4  1    ...........
 n  n  n
16. Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the sequence:
(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...... (ii) 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + .......
17. Sum the following series to n terms and to infinity :

n
1 1 1
(i)  
1.4.7 4.7.10 7.10.13
 ............. (ii)  r  r  1 r  2 r  3
r 1
n
1 1 1.3 1.3.5
(iii)  4r
r 1
2
1
(iv)  
4 4.6 4.6.8
 ..........
18. Find the sum of the n terms of the sequence

1 2 3
   ............
1  1  1 1  2  2 1  3  34
2 4 2 4 2
8
 n 2  2n  3 
19. Let '  ' denotes the sum of the infinite series  
n 1  2n
.

Compute the value of (13 + 23 + 33 + ....... + 3).
20. If the sum

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2
 2  1  2  2  1  2  2  ....  1  2
 2
equal to n,
1 2 2 3 3 4 1999   2000 
where n  N. Find n.
21. If the 10th term of an HP is 21 and 21 st term of the same HP is 10, then find the 210th
term.

22. The pth term Tp of H.P. is q(p + q) and qth term Tq is p(p + q) when p > 2, q > 2. Prove
that
(a) Tp + q = pq (b) Tpq = p + q (c) Tp + q > Tpq
23. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4. The airthmetic mean A & the geometric
mean G satisfy the relation 2 A + G2 = 27. Find the two numbers.
24. The AM of two numbers exceeds their GM by 15 & HM by 27. Find the numbers.
B
25. In the quadratic equation A  
3  2 x2  x  C  0 with ,  as its roots.
 3 2 
1
8 6 16

If A  49  20 6  4
; B = sum of the infinite G.P. as 8 3 
3

3
 .......... and
k
   6 6   where k  log 6 10  2log6 5  log6  log6 18  log6 72 , then find the
value of C.


1. If sin x, sin22x and cos x· sin 4x form an increasing geometric sequence, find the
numerial value of cos 2x. Also find the common ratio of geometric sequence.
2. If the first 3 consecutive terms of a geometrical progression are the real roots of the
equation 2x3 – 19x2 + 57x – 54 = 0 find the sum to infinite number of terms of G.P.
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9
3. Find the sum of the infinite series     ............
2 2 2 23 24
4. Two distinct, real, infinite geometric series each have a sum of 1 and have the same
1
second term. The third term of one of the series is . If the second term of both the series
8
m n
can be written in the form , where m, n and p are positive integers and m is not
p
divisible by the square of any prime, find the value of 100m + 10n + p.
5. One of the roots of the equation 2000x6 + 100x5 + 10x3 + x – 2 = 0 is of the form
m n
, where m is non zero integer and n and r are relatively prime natural numbers.
r
Find the value of m + n + r.
6. Find the condition that the roots of the equation x3 – px2 + qx – r = 0 are in A.P. and
hence solve the equation x3 – 12x2 + 39x –28 = 0.
7. If a, b, c, d, e be 5 numbers such that a, b, c are in AP ; b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e
are in HP then:
(i) Prove that a, c, e are in GP .
(ii) Prove that e = (2 b - a)²/a .
(iii) If a = 2 & e = 18 , find all possible values of b , c , d .
8. Let f (x) denote the sum of the infinite trigonometric series,

2x x
f  x    sin n sin n .
n 1 3 3
Find f (x) (independent of n). If the sum of the solutions of the equation f (x) = 0 lying in
the interval (0, 629) is 2k, find k.
9. A computer solved several problems in succession. The time it took the computer to
solve each successive problem was the same number of times smaller than the time it
took to solve the preceding problem. How many problems were suggested to the
computer if it spent 63.5 min to solve all the problems except for the first, 127 min to
solve all the problems except for the last one, and 31.5 min to solve all the problems
except for the first two?
10. If n is a root of the equation x2(1 - ac) - x (a2 + c2) - (1 + ac) = 0 & if n HM’s are
inserted between a and c, show that the difference between the first & the last mean is
equal to ac(a – c).

11. Given that the cubic ax3 – ax2 + 9bx – b = 0 (a  0) has all three positive roots. Find the
harmonic mean of the roots independent of a and b, hence deduce that the root are all
equal. Find also the minimum value of (a + b) if a and b  N.
    
12. If tan   x  , tan , tan   x  in order are three consecutive terms of a G.P. then
 12  12  12 
sum of all the solutions in [0, 314] is k. Find the value of k.
13. In a right angled triangle, Sa and Sb denote the medians that belong to the legs of the
triangle, the median belonging to the hypotenuse is Sc. Find the maximum value of the
S  Sb
expression a . (You may use the fact that R.M.S. > A.M).
Sc
14. The sequence a1, a2, a3, ....... a98 satisfies the relation an+1 = an + 1 for
49
n = 1, 2, 3, .........97 and has the sum equal to 4949. Evaluate a
k 1
2k .
15. (a) The value of x + y + z is 15 if a , x , y , z , b are in AP while the value of

(1/x)+(1/y)+(1/z) is 5/3 if a , x , y , z , b are in HP. Find a & b.
(b) The values of xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as the series a , x , y , z , b is an
AP or HP . Find the values of a & b assuming them to be positive integer.
16. Find the conditions on  and  x1, x2, x3 satisfying the cubic x3 - x2 + x +  = 0 are in
A.P.
17. If the roots of 10x3 - cx2 - 54x - 27 = 0 are in harmonic progression, then find c and
all the roots.
18. If a , b , c be in GP & logca, logbc, logab be in AP , then show that the common
difference of the AP must be 3/2.
19. In a GP the ratio of the sum of the first eleven terms to the sum of the last eleven
terms is 1/8 and the ratio of the sum of all the terms without the first nine to the sum of
all the terms without the last nine is 2. Find the number of terms in the GP.
20. Given a three digit number whose digits are three successive terms of a G.P. If we
subtract 792 from it, we get a number written by the same digits in the reverse order.
Now if we subtract four from the hundred's digit of the initial number and leave the other
digits unchanged, we get a number whose digits are successive terms of an A.P. Find the
number.

 


APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER

2 3 n
3 3 3 n 1  3 
1. If An           .......   1   and Bn = 1 – An, then find the minimum
4 4 4 4
natural number n0 such that Bn > An.  n > n0. [2006]
Comprehension (3 questions)
2. Let Vr denote the sum of the first 'r' terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first
term is 'r' and the common difference is (2r – 1).
Let Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...
(i) The sum V1 + V2 + ...... + Vn is

1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(3n2 – n + 1) (B) n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
12 12
1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n3 – 2n + 3)
2 3
(ii) Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number
(iii) Which one of the following is a correct statement?

(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 6.
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 11.
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....... [2007]
Comprehension (3 questions)
3. Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two
distinct positive numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and
harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn respectively.
(i) Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > .... (B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ....
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = .... (D) G1 < G3 < G5 < .... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ....
(ii) Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) A1 > A2 > A3 > ......
(B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ...... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ......
(D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ...... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ......

(iii) Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ......
(B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ...... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ......
(D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ...... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ......
4. ASSERTION & REASON:

Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1,
b2 = b1 + a2, b3 = b2 + a3 and b4 = b3 + a4.
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation
for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct
explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [2008]
5. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn2, then the sum of squares of these n terms is
[2009]
2 2 2 2 2 2
n (4n 1)c n (4n 1)c n (4n 1)c n (4n 1)c2
2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 3 6
6. Let Sk , k  1,2,.....100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is
k 1 1 1002 100 2
and the common ratio is , Then the value of    k  3k  1 Sk is .....
k! k 100! k 1
[2010]
7. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,...., a11 be real numbers satisfying a1  15,27  2a2  0 and
2 2 2
a  a2  ...  a11
ak  2ak 1  ak 2 for k  3, 4,...,11. If 1
 90 , then the value of
11
a1  a2  ...  a11
is equal to ...…… [2010]
11
p
8. Let a1, a2 , a3 ,..., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1  3 and S p   ai ,1  p  100.
i 1
Sm
For any integer n with 1  n  20, let m  5n, If does not depends on n then a2 is ......
Sn
[2011]
5 4 3 8
9. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a , a ,3a ,1, a and a10 with a  0 is
[2011]

4n k  k 1
10. Let Sn    1 2 k 2 . Then Sn can take values [2013]
k 1
(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332
11. A pack contains n cards numbered from 1 to n. Two consecutive numbered cards are
removed from the pack and the sum of the numbers of the remaining cards is 1224. if the
smaller of the numbers on the removed cards is k, then k  2 0 =. [2013]
b
12. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a, b, c are in geometric
a
a 2  a  14
progression and the arithmetic mean of a, b,c is b + 2, then the value of is.
a 1
[2014]
13. Suppose that all terms of an A. P. are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of first
seven terms to the sum of first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in between
130 and 140, then the common difference of this A. P. is [2015]
14. Let the harmonic mean of two positive real numbers a and b be 4. If q is a positive real
number such that a, 5,q, b is an arithmetic progression, then the value(s) of |q – a| is (are)
(This ques is a part of a match the column) [2015]
15. Let bi  1 for i  1, 2,......,101. Suppose loge b1,loge b2 ,....,loge b101 are in Arithmetic
Progression (A.P.) with the common difference loge 2. Suppose a1 , a2 ,......, a101 are in
A.P. such that a1  b1 and a51  b51. If t  b1  b2  ......  b51 and s  a1  a2  ......  a51 ,
then [2016]
(A) s  t and a101  b101 (B) s  t and a101  b101
(C) s  t and a101  b101 (D) s  t and a101  b101
16. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetic progression. If the triangle has area
24, then what is the length of its smallest side? [2017]
17. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11,
…, and Y be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression
9, 16, 23, …. . Then, the number of elements in the set X  Y is_________. [2018]
18. Let AP  a; d  denote the set of all the terms of an infinite arithmetic progression with
first term a and common difference d 0 . If
AP 1; 3  AP  2; 5   AP  3;7   AP  a; d  then a  d equals ________. [2019]

ANSWER KEY
APPLICATION PART # 01 TOPIC WISE SHEETS
Dear student,
Answers to the Topic Wise Sheets have not been intentionally provided in this module to track
your progress of solving these sheets. First, you have to solve these sheets & submit your
responses on your student portal. Then, answers will be displayed on it. Do fill your
responses in the spaces given below.
SHEET # 01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 04
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

SHEET # 06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 07
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 08
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 09
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A D B C C D C B A C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B A B A C B D A B D
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A A A B A D B C C B
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B B A D A A A A D D
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
C D D A D B C A B C



APPLICATION PART # 03 JEE MAIN CORNER
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ANS D D D B C B A D A D
Q 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ANS C B B A A B C B A C
Q 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ANS D A C B B C B B A A
Q 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
ANS A C D B A B D C 504 B
Q 41 42 43 44 45
ANS 14 1540 B B B

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B A C D C A D B D A
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C B A A C D C A B B
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. B B C A D C B D B B
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36
Ans. D A B A B B
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D A B C D ABCD BD AB ACD ACD
Que. 11 12 13 14
Ans. BD ABCD BC AB

Q 1 3 5 7 8 9
ANS (14n – 6)/(8n + 23) (a) 9 ; (b) 12 n=14 – 180 27 
(8 , – 4 , 2 , 8)
Q 10 11 12
1 1 1 545 11
ANS (a) a   , b   ; (b)  ; (c) 11/5 a = 5 , b = 8 , c = 12
2 8 3 2 15
Q 14 15 16
n  2n  1 4n  1 (i) 2n+1 – 3; 2n+2 – 4 – 3n
ANS 1 n2
3 (ii) n² + 4n + 1; (1/6) n (n + 1) (2n + 13) + n
Q 17
(i) sn = (1/24) – [1/{6(3n + 1) (3n + 4) }] ; s = 1/24
(ii) (1/5) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)
ANS (iii) n/(2n + 1)
 1 1.3.5..... 2n  1 2n  1 
(iv) Sn  2    ;S  1
 2 2.4.6.......  2n  2n  2  
Q 18 19 20 21 23 24 25
n  n  1
ANS 8281 n = 2000 1 6, 3 120, 30 128

2 n2  n  1 
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 1 27 2p3 – 9pq + 27r = 0;
ANS ; 2 23 518 200
2 2 roots are 1, 4, 7
Q 7 8
1
(iii) b = 4, c = 6, d = 9 or f (x) = [1 – cos x];
ANS 2
b = – 2, c = – 6, d = – 18
S = 5050
Q 9 11 12 13 14
8 problems, 10
ANS 28 4950 2499
127.5 minutes
Q 15 16 17 19 20
(a) a =1, b =9 OR b=1, a= 9 ; 1 1 C=9;
ANS   ;   n = 38 931
(b) a = 1 ; b = 3 or vice versa 3 27 (3, –3/2 , –3/5)
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER
1. n0 = 5 2. (a) B; (b) D; (c) B

3. (a) C; (b) A; (c) B 4. C
5. C 6. 4 7. 0 8. 3 or 9
9. 8 10. AD 11. 5 12. 4
13. 9 14. 2, 5 15. B 16. 6
17. 3748 18. 157

Module Practice Tracker: Basic Mathematics

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MODULE PRACTICE TRACKER

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Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

 Note :  Symbol stands for the non-negative square root only.

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ROOT GAIN, ROOT LOSS & CANCELLATION OF INFINITY ROOT

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

 Note :  If we have to solve the equation of the form [ f ( x)]

 Note :  If a is not rational, n

RATIO AND PROPORTION

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An expression of the form a0 x n  a1 x n 1  a 2 x n  2  ........  a n 1 x  a n is known as a

DIVISION WITH REMAINDER

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

 Note :  Cyclic Factors: If an expression remain same after replacing a by b, b by c

CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Remark : (i) Never subtract or divide two inequalities.

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Example: 2 Using binomial theorem, expand  x  y  5

Example: 3 Logarithm of 32 5 4 to the base 2 2 is

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

Example: 6 If log10 3  0.477 , the number of digits in 340 is

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APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC – WISE SHEETS

6. Solution of the equation (x  10)  (x  2)  6 are

8. The square root of 134 + (6292) is

9. Solution for equation x  1  x  1  4x  1

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

12. Number of solutions of equation x3/2  2x

13. If a, b, c are sides of triangle and  a  b   b2  a 2    a  b  c2 then triangle is

SHEET # 02: LAWS OF INDICES

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) None of these

9. If x  21/3  21/3 , then 2 x3  6 x 

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10. Solution of the equation ( x ) x x  ( x x ) x are

11. If 5x 1  5.(0.2) x  2  26, then x may have the value

12. If a x  ( x  y  z ) y , a y  ( x  y  z ) z , a z  ( x  y  z ) x , then which of the following is

13. If a x  bc, b y  ca, c z  ab, then xyz can be

14. If x y  y x , then ( x / y )( x / y )  x( x / y ) k , where k 

15. If a x  b y  (ab) xy , then x  y 

SHEET # 03: RATIO AND PROPORTION, DIVISION THEOREM & ALGEBRAIC

5. If 2A=3B=4C then A:B:C is equals to

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

7. If a + b + c = 10 and ab + bc + ca =20 then a2  b2  c 2 is

11. If x  a is a factor of x 3  a 2 x  x  2 , then ' a ' is equal to

12. The polynomials P  x   kx 3  3 x 2  3 and Q  x   2 x 3  5 x  k , when divided by  x  4 

SHEET # 04: LINEAR INEQUALITIES & MODULUS

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4. The range of all real values of x if 2 x  3  7 x  24

14. If x 2  x  1  3 then x is equals to

15. If 4  x  4 then x2 belongs to

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

SHEET # 05: BASIC TRIGONOMETRY, n C r , n Pr BINOMIAL EXPANSION &

9. n and r integers such that 1  r  n , then n  n1Cr 1 is

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11. If 8 C3  ( n  2) C4  9C4 , then n is