Post task - Final activaity

Ender Manuel Campos Guzmán

Group 34

1045718742

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2020 16-01
 Introduction

With the development of the following activity we will use the knowledge acquired in
the development of the Electromagnetic and wave theory in units 1,2 and 3 which we
demonstrate with the development of 3 exercises proposed in the evaluation rubric to
which we give a solution identifying what is the behavior of (waves in open media and
their propagation; the behavior of waves in open media using Snell's law and , finally,
the transmission lines)

Application exercises:

For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the group
number and CCC to the first 3 digits of the identification number.
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =CCC MHz is transmitted from the bottom of a ship
to a receiver located at p=1 Km depth. The wave is emitted with an advance
angle of a=(5+ ¿)° . Determine the time it takes for the wave to reach the
receiver.

Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.

Image recovered from https://www.ee.co.za/article/new-economics-marine-environmental-

monitoring.html

That CCC are the first 3 digits of your identification number:

Group 203058_2 -¿=34
C.C. 1045718742 - CCC=10 4For development, follow the following steps:

σ σ
tan ( δ )= = =¿
ωε 2 πf ε r ε o

f =10 4 MHz
a. Calculate the tangent of losses tan(δ).
σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ωε 2 πf ε r ε o
4
tan ( δ )= 6
2∗π∗104 x 10 ∗80∗8.8542 x 10−12

tan ( δ )=8.642
δ =tan−1=86.42

b. Classify the behavior of the medium.

Sea wáter 4 80
Dissipative dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses) 0,1 < Tan(δ) <= 10 6° < δ <= 84°

c. Calculate the propagation parameters of the wave γ , α and β .

ω=2 ∙ π ∙ f =2∙ π ∙ 104 x 106 =653.451 Hz

μ=μ 1 μ0 =( 1 ) ( 1.26 x 10−7 )=1.26 x 10−7
ε =ε r ε o=80∗8.8542 x 10−12=7.08 x 10−10
 ¿ √ jωμ ¿ ¿

¿ √( j2 ∙ π ¿ ∙ 104 x 106 ∙ 1∙ 1.26 x 10−7 )( 4+ j2 ∙ π ∙104 x 106 ∙80 ∙ 8.8542 x 10−12) ¿

¿ 38.73+ 43.620759i
i=43.62i
¿ 38.73 Np/m
¿ 43.62 i Rad /m

j2 ∙ π ∙ 106 x 106 ∙1 ∙1.26 x 10−7

¿ √ jωμ/(σ + jωε)=
√ 4 + j 2 ∙ π ∙106 x 10 6 ∙ 80 ∙ 8.8542 x 10−12
¿ 3,4289+3,0449 j

d. Calculate the propagation speed of the V p wave.

ω 2 πf 2∙ π ∙ 10 4 × 106 7
vp = = = =v p =14980.685=1.49804 x 10 m/ s
β β 43.62 i Rad /m
2π 2∙π
λ= = =λ=0.144041173 m
β 43.62 i Rad /m
v p 1.49804 x 107 m/s 149804 −2
f v= = 8
=f v = =0.49934=4.9804 x 10
C0 3 ∙ 10 m/s 300000

1 1
n= = =1.0026434894061=1.00265
f v 0.51375
 e. Calculate the distance between the ship and the receiver d .
p=1 Km
a=( 5+¿ ) °=5+34=a=7 °

1 km
d=
cos ⁡(7 ° )
d=1007.5m

f. Based on V p and d determine the time t of the route.

d
V p=
t
d
t=
Vp

1007.5 m
t=
1.49804 x 107 m/s

t=6.7254 x 10−5 seg

t=67.2 s 5 eg

2. From an airplane, which is 1250 m high, a communication signal f =168 MHz is

emitted to a submarine that is 800 m deep, the angle of incidence of the signal on
the sea surface is a=(5+ 32) °. Determine the time it takes for the signal to reach
the submarine.
 Figure 2: wave propagation in bounded open media. Image recovered from
https://byjus.com/physics/
characteristics-of-sound-wavesamplitude/

For development, follow the following steps:

f =10 4 MHz
a=( 5+¿ ) °=5+3 2=a=37°
h=1250 m
p=800 m
a. Calculate the distance between the plane and the point of incidence at sea d 1.
1250 m
hypotenuse ¿
sin 37°

hypotenuse ¿ d 1=10256.9 m

b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave V p 1 in the air (V p=Co /n)
Co
vp 1 =
n

3∗108 m/seg
vp 1 =
1.0002926 m

m
v p 1 =2.99912476∗10 8
s

c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction of the wave in the sea.

θ2=sin−1 ¿

sin −1 ¿

d. Calculate the distance between the point of incidence in the sea and the
submarine.
 800
hypotenuse ¿
cos 48.13 °

hypotenuse ¿ d 2=1198.6 m

e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave V p 2 at sea (it is V pfrom exercise
1).

ω
vp 2 =
β

2 πf
vp2=
β

2∗π∗104 x 106 7
vp 2 = =1.49 x 10 m/s
43.62 Rad /m

f. Based on V p 1 and d 1 determine the time t 1of the first path (t 1=d 1 /V p 1).

d1
V p 1=
t1

d1
t 1=
V p1
10256.89 m
t 1=
m
2.99912476∗108
s

t 1=3.4199611 x 10−5 seg

t 1=34.2 seg

g. Based on V p 2 and d 2 determine the time t 2of the second path.

d2
V p 2=
t2
 d2
t 2=
V p2

1198.6 m
t 2=
1.54 x 107 m/s

t 2=7.8339 x 10−5 seg

t 2=78.339 seg

h. Calculate the total time of the route t=t 1+ t 2.

t=t 1+ t 2
t=34.2 useg+78.339 useg
t=112.539 useg

3. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of Z 0=75 Ω, a length

of L=5 m and is excited by a signal of f =500 MHz. The line is connected to an
antenna with load impedance Z L =( 45+ j 45)Ω. Taking into account that
V p=3 x 107 m/s, calculate:

Dates:
Z 0=75 Ω

L=5 m
λ=?
Z L =45+ j 45 Ω

f =500 MHz

V p=3 x 107 m/s

Z¿ =?
Γ =?
 Figure 3: Transmission line.

a) Wavelength λ .
Vp
λ=
f
V p 3 x 107 m/s
λ= = =0.06 m
F 5 x 108 Hz

b. Electrical length l .

L 5m
l= = =83.33 m
λ 0.06 m

c. Input impedance Z¿ .

Z L + j Z o tan ( 2 π ( l ) )
Z¿ =Z o
Z o+ j Z L tan ( 2 π ( l ) )

( 45+ j 45 Ω)+i(75 Ω) tan(2 π∗83.33 m)

Z¿(0.106 m) =75 Ω
75+ j(45+ j 45 Ω)T an( 2 π∗83.33 m)

Z¿ =34.84102−25.5327i Ω

d. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).

Z L −Z o (45+ j 45 Ω)−75 Ω
Γ= = =−0.095+0.41 j
Z L + Z0 (45+ j 45 Ω)+ 75 Ω
Γ =−0.095+0.41 j=0.421〈 103.13° 〉

τ =1+ Γ=1+ (−0.095 ) +0.41 j=0.905+ 0.41 j=0.993 〈 24.37 ° 〉

e. VSWR
1+| Γ| 1+0.421 1.421
VSWR= = = =2.454
1−|Γ| 1−0.421 0.579

f. Check the results c, d and e with the Smith 4.1 software.

Simulating:

We locate the point of impedance,

g. Using the Smith 4.1 software, get an input impedance that is only real.
The electrical length of 0.1366 λ , whe have a real imput impedance with
value of 18.6 ohms.
 Conclusions

Conclusion 1: when developing all the exercises proposed in the evaluation rubric,
concluding that the behavior of the waves in the dissipative media, are governed by a
variety of losses, this happens because the conductors are imperfect, in this case we
evaluate the behavior of the ripples in sea water.
Conclusion 2: Smith's letter offers us the facility to see how to modify the complex
impedance of a transmission line along its length. In this way it is much simpler for us
to see the impedance of a transmission line with its load, this thanks to computing
tools such as Smith V4.1 software.

Bibliography

Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press. (pp. 525-
537). Recovered from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site

Paz, A. (2013). Electrodynamical y odes. Electromagnetismo para ingeniería electrónica.

Capítulo 8.pp.311-400.pdf

Neri, R (1998). Líneas de transmisión / Rodolfo Neri Vela; nueva edición complementada con
presentaciones electrónicas y laboratorios virtuales interactivos realizados por Luis H.
Porragas Beltrán. Capítulo 1.pp.11-40.pdf

Thematic: Electromagnetic waves in free space.

Quesada, M., & Maroto, J. (2014). Plane electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic
waves in free space. From Maxwell's Equations to Free and Guided Electromagnetic
Waves: An Introduction for First-year Undergraduates. New York: Nova Science
Publishers, Inc. (pp. 49-60). Recovered
from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=746851&lang=es&site=eds-
live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_49
Thematic: Propagation of waves in open media.
Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press. (pp. 513-
519). Recovered from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_513
 
VIO (Virtual information objects) 
The following videos explain the concepts and the method to characterize
electromagnetic waves when they propagate in open media.
Thematic: Loss tangent.
Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Loss Tangent. [Video]. Recovered
from http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13139
Thematic: Characterization of electromagnetic waves in open media.
Leyton L., & Quintero, D. (2019). Characterization of electromagnetic waves in open
media. [Video]. Recovered from https://repository.unad.edu.co/handle/10596/30439
 

Additional educational resources for the course (Complementary  Bibliography)

The following reference is aimed to complement the required reference, in order to
give academic sources to complement the research of the concepts and the proposal
problems.
Quesada-Pérez, M., & Maroto-Centeno, J. (2014). From Maxwell's Equations to Free and
Guided Electromagnetic Waves: An Introduction for First-year Undergraduates. New York: Nova
Science Publishers, Inc. Recovered from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=746851&lang=es&site=eds-
live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_Cover

Unit 2 - Electromagnetic waves in bounded open media

Educational resources required (Required bibliography)
The following references are necessary for the development of the second unit of the
course, it is important to read them according to the instructions given in the activity
guides.
Thematics: Plane wave reflection and transmission.
Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press, (pp.
519-524). Recovered from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_519
Thematics: Propagation in bounded open media.
Wiley J. & Sons Ltd. (2003). Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. Fixed Broadband
Wireless. (pp. 31-51). Recovered from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=aci&AN=14505422&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site

Unit 3 - Electromagnetic waves in guided media

Required References (Required bibliography)
The following references are necessary for the development of the third unit
of the course, it is important to read them according to the instructions
given in the activity guides.
Thematics: Transmission lines, propagation in bounded transmission lines.
Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic
Press. (pp. 525-537). Recovered
from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site
Thematics: Parameters in transmission lines.
Joines, W., Bernhard, J., & Palmer, W. (2012). Microwave Transmission Line Circuits.
Boston: Artech House, (pp. 23-45). Recovered
from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=753581&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site

VIO (Virtual Information Objets)

Thematics: The Smith Chart.
The following video makes a description about the basics of Smith Chart structure and
characteristics; besides, it shows a simple example of how to represent a load
impedance in the Smith Chart.

Gutiérrez, W. (2017). The Smith Chart basics. [Video]. Recovered

from http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13141

Complementary References (Required bibliography)

 The following reference is aimed to complement the required reference, in order to
give academic sources to complement the research of the concepts and the proposal
problems.

Boglione, L., & Webster, R. (2011). Unifying interpretation of reflection coefficient and

Smith chart definitions. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 5(12), 1479-
1487. Recovered from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=aci&AN=525504787&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site