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P WHC19011 MTA Estructura PDF
P WHC19011 MTA Estructura PDF
of
Series 2 Arched Structures
Page 1 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
The following 2" x 2" (50 x 50) mm arches were analyzed as described herein.
They are able to withstand the following loads:
SNO W
Structure Loading
Case Arch Span Arch Height Arch Spacing S now
ft. m. ft. m. ft. m. psf. kg/m2
WIND
Page 2 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 4
Building Description 5
Design Rationale 6
Snow Loads 7
Wind Loads 8
Page 3 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Introduction
Using the matrix stiffness method, Multiframe carries out a first order, linear elastic
analysis to determine the forces and deflections in a structure. The matrix stiffness method
forms a stiffness matrix for each member of the structure and given a list of applied loading,
solves a system of linear simultaneous equations to compute the deflections in the structure.
The internal forces and reactions are then computed from these deflections. Multiframe does
not take into account deformations due to shear action in deep beams or warping deformation
due to torsion.
Multiframe can be used for two dimensional or three dimensional analysis. A two
dimensional analysis is typically used to analyze Weatherhaven arched structures. A typical
interior arch is modeled as an isolated continuous structure with pin joints at each end. Loads
are based on the code-defined forces applied over the contributory area (arch spacing).
Weatherhaven’s arched structures are analyzed using a structural analysis software package.
Snow and wind loads are applied to the structure based on the American Society of Civil
Engineers Standard, ASCE/SEI 7-10 publication "Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
Other structures".
Page 4 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Building Description
Frame. The arches are made up of aluminum or steel tube frame members spaced
evenly. For most applications the spacing used is 6.00 or 8.00 feet centre to centre. For the S2-
m buildings a specified spacing of 2.00 meters (6.56 ft) was used for the analysis. Each arch is
comprised of a number of arch sections joined together using steel tees or crosses. The ends of
each arch fit into a sleeve mounted on the spacer or base frame. The sleeves each have a
bearing plate mounted to the constrained arch segment may transfer compressive axial loads
efficiently to the next segment. The base-frame is anchored to the ground or a floor platform
using lag bolts, spikes, or concrete anchors. In addition spreading forces are resisted by the
floor or substrate which restrains the base.
Cover. The building cover is typically an 18oz PVC coated, polyester fabric. It is connected to
the perimeter base-frame and tensioned over the arches. The cover acts to transfer wind and
snow loads to the arches; otherwise, it is not considered as a structural component with respect
to the structural analysis. Weatherhaven buildings have never experienced a structural failure
resulting from a cover failure.
Page 5 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Structural Analysis
Load Cases. Two load cases are typically considered: balanced snow load and wind load.
Snow and wind loads are applied to the structure based American Society of Civil Engineers
Standard, ASCE/SEI 7-10 publication "Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
structures".
Frame self-weight is considered negligible for this analysis.
Design Rationale. The interaction method is used to determine the maximum snow loads the
structure can carry. The design criteria is defined by the following interaction formula:
AxialStress BendingStress
< 1.0
AllowableAxialStress AllowableBendingStress
The approach normally taken in the analysis is to incrementally increase the design snow load
(or wind load) until the maximum stresses are such that the left side of the interaction formula
is just less than one (1).
Imperial (or American) units were used in the analysis then converted to SI (metric) units due
to the technical familiarity of the analyst.
Page 6 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Snow Loads. Uniform and unbalanced snow loads and wind loads are calculated using the
National Building Code of Canada, 1995. Loading due to snow accumulation on the structure
surface is factored from the ground snow load, Ss. The associated rain load has not been
considered. The design snow load is expressed as follows:
S S s. C b . C w . C s. C a
Roof Snow Load Factors for UNBALANCED Loading (Load Case II)
Basic Roof Sow Load Factor, Cb 0.8
Wind Exposure Factor, Cw 1.0
Roof Slope Factor, Cs 1.0 when the roof slope is less than 15°
60 when the roof slope is between 15°
Cs
45 and 60°
. h x 2
Accumulation Factor, Ca but not more than .
S s. C b Cb
lbf
where Unit Weight of Snow, 19.1 .
3
ft
Vertical distance from peak, h x ft
Unbalanced snow loading was not considered for the S2-m analysis since it has been
demonstrated not to govern in this type of structure.
Page 7 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Wind Loads. The dynamic actions of the wind are resolved to equivalent static loads. The
dynamic properties of the structure, deflected shape and consequent change in external
pressure coefficients are not taken into the account in the analysis.
This is significant because Weatherhaven has never experienced a frame failure due to wind
loading. The ability if the structure to respond dynamically to the wind force reduces stress in
the arch frame. Because of this uplift forces on the frame are all that will be considered.
Since the cover is only attached to the frame at the base, it is incapable of transferring uplift
forces to the arch. All uplift forces are resolved directly to the cover tie-down points on the
base-frame.
Where,
q ReferenceWindPressure
Exposure Factor, Ce 0.9
Gust Effect Factor, Cg 1.0
External Pressure Coefficients, Cp = values extrapolated from wind tunnel
testing conducted by Weatherhaven
(February, 1992)
Reference Wind Pressure is calculated from the Wind Velocity using the relationship
2
q 0.00256 . V
Where q, the Reference Wind Pressure, is expressed in pounds per square foot
V, the Wind Velocity, is expressed in miles per hour.
Page 8 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Page 9 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Page 10 of 10
Analysis of Weatherhaven S2 Structures
Addendum No 1
20 ' Wide S2 Analysis
Loading, Figures, and Results
S2m - 20 ft span Arch Spacing: 6.56 ft Reference Wind Pressure, q 14.40
Reference Wind Speed, V 75.0 mph
Load Factor 1.0
WIND LOAD
Cp Design Distr.
Dist. from Height from mem press Wind Load on
mem jnt Left Corner Baseframe length angle coeff. Load member
no. no. (inches) (inches) (in.) (deg) psf lb/ft
1 0.0 0.0
1 2 0.1 9.9 9.87 89 0.900 12.960 -85.018
2 3 0.3 19.7 9.86 89 0.900 12.960 -85.018
3 4 1.6 29.5 9.87 82 0.900 12.960 -85.018
4 5 3.7 39.1 9.87 78 0.900 12.960 -85.018
5 6 6.5 48.6 9.87 73 0.900 12.960 -85.018
6 7 10.2 57.8 9.87 69 0.900 12.960 -85.018
7 8 14.5 66.6 9.87 64 0.900 12.960 -85.018
8 9 19.5 75.1 9.87 59 0.900 12.960 -85.018
9 10 25.2 83.2 9.87 55 0.900 12.960 -85.018
10 11 31.6 90.7 9.87 50 0.900 12.960 -85.018
11 12 38.5 97.8 9.87 45 0.900 12.960 -85.018
12 13 46.0 104.2 9.87 41 0.900 12.960 -85.018
13 14 53.9 110.0 9.87 36 0.900 12.960 -85.018
14 15 62.3 115.2 9.87 32 0.900 12.960 -85.018
15 16 71.4 119.6 10.03 26 0.500 7.200 -47.232
16 17 80.7 123.2 10.03 21 0.500 7.200 -47.232
17 18 90.3 126.1 10.03 17 0.500 7.200 -47.232
18 19 100.1 128.2 10.03 12 0.500 7.200 -47.232
19 20 110.1 129.5 10.03 8 0.500 7.200 -47.232
20 21 120.1 130.0 10.03 3 0.500 7.200 -47.232
21 22 130.1 129.5 10.03 -3 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
22 23 140.0 128.2 10.03 -8 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
23 24 149.9 126.1 10.03 -12 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
24 25 159.5 123.2 10.03 -17 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
25 26 168.8 119.6 10.03 -21 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
26 27 177.8 115.2 10.03 -26 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
27 28 186.3 110.0 9.87 -32 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
28 29 194.2 104.2 9.87 -36 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
29 30 201.7 97.8 9.87 -41 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
30 31 208.6 90.7 9.87 -45 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
31 32 214.9 83.2 9.87 -50 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
32 33 220.7 75.1 9.87 -55 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
33 34 225.7 66.6 9.87 -59 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
34 35 230.0 57.8 9.87 -64 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
35 36 233.7 48.6 9.87 -69 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
36 37 236.5 39.1 9.87 -73 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
37 38 238.6 29.5 9.87 -78 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
38 39 239.9 19.7 9.87 -82 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
39 40 240.1 9.9 9.86 -89 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
40 41 240.2 0.0 9.87 -89 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
396.62
S2-m Shelter Ground snow Load, Ss 14.00 psf
Associated Rain Load, Sr 0.0 psf
Load Factor 1.0 Spacing: 6.56
UNIFORM SNOWLOAD
(REF: National Building Code of Canada, 1995)
Cb Cw Cs Ca Design Distr.
Dist. from Height from mem basic Wind Roof Accum- Snow Load on Snow
mem jnt Left Corner Baseframe length angle roof Exposure Slope ulation Load member Depth
no. no. (inches) (inches) (in.) (deg) factor Factor Factor Factor psf lb/ft in
1 0.0 0.0
1 2 0.1 9.9 9.87 89 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
2 3 0.3 19.7 9.86 89 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
3 4 1.6 29.5 9.87 82 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
4 5 3.7 39.1 9.87 78 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
5 6 6.5 48.6 9.87 73 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
6 7 10.2 57.8 9.87 69 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
7 8 14.5 66.6 9.87 64 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
8 9 19.5 75.1 9.87 59 0.8 1.0 0.02 1.0 0.180 -1.180 0.11
9 10 25.2 83.2 9.87 55 0.8 1.0 0.12 1.0 1.328 -8.712 0.83
10 11 31.6 90.7 9.87 50 0.8 1.0 0.22 1.0 2.476 -16.242 1.56
11 12 38.5 97.8 9.87 45 0.8 1.0 0.32 1.0 3.624 -23.774 2.28
12 13 46.0 104.2 9.87 41 0.8 1.0 0.43 1.0 4.772 -31.304 3.00
13 14 53.9 110.0 9.87 36 0.8 1.0 0.53 1.0 5.920 -38.836 3.72
14 15 62.3 115.2 9.87 32 0.8 1.0 0.63 1.0 7.068 -46.367 4.44
15 16 71.4 119.6 10.03 26 0.8 1.0 0.76 1.0 8.540 -56.022 5.37
16 17 80.7 123.2 10.03 21 0.8 1.0 0.86 1.0 9.668 -63.421 6.07
17 18 90.3 126.1 10.03 17 0.8 1.0 0.96 1.0 10.796 -70.820 6.78
18 19 100.1 128.2 10.03 12 0.8 1.0 1.00 1.0 11.200 -73.472 7.04
19 20 110.1 129.5 10.03 8 0.8 1.0 1.00 1.0 11.200 -73.472 7.04
20 21 120.1 130.0 10.03 3 0.8 1.0 1.00 1.0 11.200 -73.472 7.04
21 22 130.1 129.5 10.03 -3 0.8 1.0 1.00 1.0 11.200 -73.472 7.04
22 23 140.0 128.2 10.03 -8 0.8 1.0 1.00 1.0 11.200 -73.472 7.04
23 24 149.9 126.1 10.03 -12 0.8 1.0 1.00 1.0 11.200 -73.472 7.04
24 25 159.5 123.2 10.03 -17 0.8 1.0 0.96 1.0 10.796 -70.820 6.78
25 26 168.8 119.6 10.03 -21 0.8 1.0 0.86 1.0 9.668 -63.421 6.07
26 27 177.8 115.2 10.03 -26 0.8 1.0 0.76 1.0 8.540 -56.022 5.37
27 28 186.3 110.0 9.87 -32 0.8 1.0 0.63 1.0 7.068 -46.367 4.44
28 29 194.2 104.2 9.87 -36 0.8 1.0 0.53 1.0 5.920 -38.836 3.72
29 30 201.7 97.8 9.87 -41 0.8 1.0 0.43 1.0 4.772 -31.304 3.00
30 31 208.6 90.7 9.87 -45 0.8 1.0 0.32 1.0 3.624 -23.774 2.28
31 32 214.9 83.2 9.87 -50 0.8 1.0 0.22 1.0 2.476 -16.242 1.56
32 33 220.7 75.1 9.87 -55 0.8 1.0 0.12 1.0 1.328 -8.712 0.83
33 34 225.7 66.6 9.87 -59 0.8 1.0 0.02 1.0 0.180 -1.180 0.11
34 35 230.0 57.8 9.87 -64 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
35 36 233.7 48.6 9.87 -69 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
36 37 236.5 39.1 9.87 -73 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
37 38 238.6 29.5 9.87 -78 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
38 39 239.9 19.7 9.87 -82 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
39 40 240.1 9.9 9.86 -89 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
40 41 240.2 0.0 9.87 -89 0.8 1.0 0.00 1.0 0.000 0.000 0.00
Sections
2x2x0.059 AISI 1010
Default Colour
All loads
20 21 22
19 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
14 28
13 29
12 30
11 31
10 32
9 33
8 34
7 35
6 36
5 37
4 38
3 39
2 40
y
1 41
x
20 21 22
19 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
14 28
13 29
12 30
11 31
10 32
9 33
8 34
7 35
6 36
5 37
4 38
3 39
2 40
y
1 41
x
20 21 22
19 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
14 28
13 29
12 30
11 31
10 32
9 33
8 34
7 35
6 36
5 37
4 38
3 39
2 40
y
1 41
x
20 21 22
19 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
14 28
13 29
12 30
11 31
10 32
9 33
8 34
7 35
6 36
5 37
4 38
3 39
2 40
y
1 41
x
Addendum No 2
26 ' Wide S2 Analysis
Loading, Figures, and Results
S2m - 20 ft span Arch Spacing: 6.56 ft Reference Wind Pressure, q 6.40
Reference Wind Speed, V 50.0 mph
Load Factor 1.0
WIND LOAD
Cp Design Distr.
Dist. from Height from mem press Wind Load on
mem jnt Left Corner Baseframe length angle coeff. Load member
no. no. (inches) (inches) (in.) (deg) psf lb/ft
1 0.0 0.0
1 2 0.6 12.1 12.11 87 0.900 5.760 -37.786
2 3 2.2 24.1 12.11 83 0.900 5.760 -37.786
3 4 4.7 36.0 12.11 78 0.900 5.760 -37.786
4 5 8.1 47.6 12.11 74 0.900 5.760 -37.786
5 6 12.4 58.9 12.11 69 0.900 5.760 -37.786
6 7 17.6 69.8 12.11 65 0.900 5.760 -37.786
7 8 23.6 80.4 12.11 60 0.900 5.760 -37.786
8 9 30.4 90.4 12.11 56 0.900 5.760 -37.786
9 10 38.0 99.8 12.11 51 0.900 5.760 -37.786
10 11 46.3 108.7 12.11 47 0.900 5.760 -37.786
11 12 55.2 116.8 12.11 42 0.900 5.760 -37.786
12 13 64.7 124.3 12.11 38 0.900 5.760 -37.786
13 14 74.8 130.9 12.11 33 0.900 5.760 -37.786
14 15 85.4 136.8 12.11 29 0.900 5.760 -37.786
15 16 96.5 141.9 12.11 25 0.500 3.200 -20.992
16 17 107.8 146.0 12.11 20 0.500 3.200 -20.992
17 18 119.5 149.3 12.11 16 0.500 3.200 -20.992
18 19 131.4 151.6 12.11 11 0.500 3.200 -20.992
19 20 143.4 153.0 12.11 7 0.500 3.200 -20.992
20 21 155.5 153.5 12.11 2 0.500 3.200 -20.992
21 22 167.6 153.0 12.11 -2 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
22 23 179.6 151.6 12.11 -7 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
23 24 191.5 149.3 12.11 -11 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
24 25 203.2 146.0 12.11 -16 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
25 26 214.5 141.9 12.11 -20 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
26 27 225.6 136.8 12.11 -25 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
27 28 236.2 130.9 12.11 -29 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
28 29 246.3 124.3 12.11 -33 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
29 30 255.8 116.8 12.11 -38 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
30 31 264.7 108.7 12.11 -42 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
31 32 273.0 99.8 12.11 -47 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
32 33 280.6 90.4 12.11 -51 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
33 34 287.4 80.4 12.11 -56 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
34 35 293.4 69.8 12.11 -60 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
35 36 298.6 58.9 12.11 -65 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
36 37 302.9 47.6 12.11 -69 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
37 38 306.3 36.0 12.11 -74 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
38 39 308.8 24.1 12.11 -78 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
39 40 310.4 12.1 12.11 -83 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
40 41 311.0 0.0 12.11 -87 -0.900 -5.760 37.786
484.40
S2m - 20 ft span Arch Spacing: 6.56 ft Reference Wind Pressure, q 14.40
Reference Wind Speed, V 75.0 mph
Load Factor 1.0
WIND LOAD
Cp Design Distr.
Dist. from Height from mem press Wind Load on
mem jnt Left Corner Baseframe length angle coeff. Load member
no. no. (inches) (inches) (in.) (deg) psf lb/ft
1 0.0 0.0
1 2 0.6 12.1 12.11 87 0.900 12.960 -85.018
2 3 2.2 24.1 12.11 83 0.900 12.960 -85.018
3 4 4.7 36.0 12.11 78 0.900 12.960 -85.018
4 5 8.1 47.6 12.11 74 0.900 12.960 -85.018
5 6 12.4 58.9 12.11 69 0.900 12.960 -85.018
6 7 17.6 69.8 12.11 65 0.900 12.960 -85.018
7 8 23.6 80.4 12.11 60 0.900 12.960 -85.018
8 9 30.4 90.4 12.11 56 0.900 12.960 -85.018
9 10 38.0 99.8 12.11 51 0.900 12.960 -85.018
10 11 46.3 108.7 12.11 47 0.900 12.960 -85.018
11 12 55.2 116.8 12.11 42 0.900 12.960 -85.018
12 13 64.7 124.3 12.11 38 0.900 12.960 -85.018
13 14 74.8 130.9 12.11 33 0.900 12.960 -85.018
14 15 85.4 136.8 12.11 29 0.900 12.960 -85.018
15 16 96.5 141.9 12.11 25 0.500 7.200 -47.232
16 17 107.8 146.0 12.11 20 0.500 7.200 -47.232
17 18 119.5 149.3 12.11 16 0.500 7.200 -47.232
18 19 131.4 151.6 12.11 11 0.500 7.200 -47.232
19 20 143.4 153.0 12.11 7 0.500 7.200 -47.232
20 21 155.5 153.5 12.11 2 0.500 7.200 -47.232
21 22 167.6 153.0 12.11 -2 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
22 23 179.6 151.6 12.11 -7 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
23 24 191.5 149.3 12.11 -11 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
24 25 203.2 146.0 12.11 -16 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
25 26 214.5 141.9 12.11 -20 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
26 27 225.6 136.8 12.11 -25 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
27 28 236.2 130.9 12.11 -29 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
28 29 246.3 124.3 12.11 -33 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
29 30 255.8 116.8 12.11 -38 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
30 31 264.7 108.7 12.11 -42 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
31 32 273.0 99.8 12.11 -47 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
32 33 280.6 90.4 12.11 -51 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
33 34 287.4 80.4 12.11 -56 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
34 35 293.4 69.8 12.11 -60 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
35 36 298.6 58.9 12.11 -65 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
36 37 302.9 47.6 12.11 -69 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
37 38 306.3 36.0 12.11 -74 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
38 39 308.8 24.1 12.11 -78 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
39 40 310.4 12.1 12.11 -83 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
40 41 311.0 0.0 12.11 -87 -0.900 -12.960 85.018
484.40
SERIES 2m - SQUARE TUBE 26 ft building height 154.0 in
Section Area Ixx Dims building width 311.0 in
Connects n/a n/a in^2 n/a in^4 n/a arch length 484 in rise/span= 0.495177
Arch 2x2x0.079 0.588 in^2 0.366 in^4 2.00 x 2.00 Uniform Roof Live Load 11.00 psf k= 1.134466
Min. Yield Strength: 44200 psi k= 1.134466438
19 20 21 22 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
14 28
13 29
12 30
11 31
10 32
9 33
8 34
7 35
6 36
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4 38
3 39
2 40
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1 41
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19 20 21 22 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
14 28
13 29
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11 31
10 32
9 33
8 34
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6 36
5 37
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3 39
2 40
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1 41
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Sections
2x2x.079 AISI 1010
Default Colour
All loads
20 21 22
19 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
14 28
13 29
12 30
11 31
10 32
9 33
8 34
7 35
6 36
5 37
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3 39
2 40
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1 41
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19 20 21 22 23
18 24
17 25
16 26
15 27
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1 41
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