EMT HVAC - 02A-r8-56-Pschycrometry

PSYCHROMETRY
Chapter 2
HVAC
Topics - Review
• Properties of Psychrometry
• WBT and its measurement
• Psychrometric Chart
• Calculation of air properties
• Psychometric Processes
• Air Conditioning Systems
HVAC
Properties of Psychrometry
Dry air
Mixture of nitrogen and oxygen
O2 : 21 %
N2 : 79 %
Moist air
Dry air and water vapour.
HVAC
Dry bulb temperature

Measured by thermometer
Wet bulb temperature
Thermometer bulb covered with
wet cloth.
HVAC
Dew point temperature

Condensation during the cooling.
Specific Humidity
% water vapour present in dry air.
(gms/kg).
HVAC
Absolute humidity
The weight of water vapour in air
Degree of saturation
Mass of water vapour in dry air/ Mass of
water vapour in dry air saturated.
HVAC
Relative Humidity ( F )
Mass of water vapour /Mass of water vapour in
saturated air .
F = 1.6 wPa / Pvs
HVAC
Sensible heat of air

Heat measured by measuring DBT
Enthalpy of Moist Air

Enthalpy of dry air + water vapour
associated with dry air.
HVAC
WBT and Its Measurement
As air passes over the wet wick of the

thermometer the water of the wick tends to
evaporate.
HVAC

Laboratory
psychrometer
Dry bulb
thermometer + Wet
bulb thermometer.
HVAC
Sling Psychrometer
One bulb of the two

thermometers is
covered with a wet wick
to measure the WBT.
HVAC
Aspirating
Psychrometer
Blower provides
motion of air .
The motor is
connected to the
time switch
HVAC
Calculation of Air properties
Specific volume, Total enthalpy

and Specific humidity.
Specific humidity (w)
‘w’ = 0.622 [ Pvs / ( Pt – Pvs )]
HVAC
Specific Volume ( V vs)
Vvs = (Rv × T ) / Pvs
HVAC
Total Enthalpy
H = 2.0216 Tdb + w{(hfg) db + 2.3 Tdb }
HVAC
Psychrometric Chart
Inter-relations between
• Relative humidity.
• specific Volume.
• Enthalpy.
• Wet bulb temperature.
HVAC
Psychrometric Chart
Construction of Constant Relative Humidity lines
HVAC
Total Heat Chart
Construction of Constant specific Volume lines

Calculates the specific Volume of air vapour mixture.
HVAC
Temperature and its Measurement
Construction of Constant Enthalpy
Lines
H= Cpma × Tdb + w [(hfg) dp + 2.3 Tdp].
For a 160 kJ enthalpy line, substitute the

arbitrary values of Tdb & w .
HVAC
Pressure and
Temperature Relationship
Construction of Constant wet-bulb

temperature lines
Constant enthalpy lines = constant wet-bulb temperature
lines.
Same WBT and DBT.
The path followed through this point along a constant

enthalpy line, represents the constant WBT line.
HVAC
Psychrometric Processes
 Sensible heating and cooling

 Cooling with dehumidification of air
 Cooling with adiabatic humidification
of air
 Adiabatic chemical dehumidification
 Humidification by steam injection
HVAC
Sensible heating
Air passed over
heating coils
HVAC
Sensible Cooling
Air passed over
cooling coils
- Evaporative Coil
of the Refrigerant
Cycle
HVAC
Heat added during this process

Qs = Cpa (T2 – T1 ) + w Cpv ( T2 – T1 )
= (Cpa + w Cpv) ( T2 Cpm ( T2 – T1 )– T1 )
HVAC
Cooling with Dehumidification
Removal of water vapour from air
1. Condition of air entering
the coil.
2. Air condition coming out of

the coil under ideal
conditions.
3. Actual air condition coming

out of the coil considering
the coil eff.
4. Dew point condition of air.
HVAC
Cooling with adiabatic humidification
• E = ( T1 – T3)/ ( T1 – T2 )
Efficiency = 100 × E.
HVAC
Understanding the Psychrometric charts
Dry Bulb Temperature – Tdb
HVAC
Wet Bulb Temperature - Twb
HVAC
Dew Point Temperature - Tdp
HVAC

Humidity Ratio or Moisture content
HVAC
Specific Air Volume
HVAC

Sensible Heat Ratio (SHF)
HVAC
Sensible Heat Ratio Protractor
HVAC

Relative Humidity (RH)
HVAC
Enthalpy
HVAC

Combination of properties
HVAC
Four basic psychrometric processes
HVAC
The Phase Change of water
HVAC
Sensible Heating only
HVAC

Latent Heating Process
HVAC
Sensible Cooling only process

(Cooling without change in water vapor content)
The transfer of heat from air using one

of the following devices.
1. Chilled water
2. Refrigerant cooling coil
3. Indirect evaporative cooler
4. Heat pipe
5. Air-to-air heat exchanger
6. Sensible only rotary heat wheel
7. Air washers
HVAC
Heating and Humidification
HVAC
Cooling and Dehumidification
HVAC
Cooling and Dehumidification
HVAC
Cooling with adiabatic humidification of air
HVAC
Evaporative Cooling
HVAC
Summer air-conditioning systems
HVAC

Summer air-conditioning system
for hot and humid outdoor conditions
HVAC
Summer air-conditioning system
with single cooling coil and mixing
HVAC

cooling system (refrigeration) used in single coil direct expansion system
HVAC
Summer air-conditioning with
single coil and bypass mixing
HVAC

Summer air-conditioning with single
cooling coil and absorbent dehumidifier:
HVAC
Summer air-conditioning
with evaporating cooling:
HVAC

Winter air-conditioning systems
HVAC
Winter air-conditioning with
double reheat coils and air washer
HVAC

Winter air-conditioning using 100% outdoor
air with pre-heating (by waste heat of the exhaust)
HVAC

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PSYCHROMETRY

Dry bulb temperature

Dew point temperature

F = 1.6 wPa / Pvs

Sensible heat of air

Enthalpy of Moist Air

As air passes over the wet wick of the

WBT and Its Measurement

One bulb of the two

WBT and Its Measurement

Specific volume, Total enthalpy

Specific humidity (w)

‘w’ = 0.622 [ Pvs / ( Pt – Pvs )]

Calculation of Air properties

Specific Volume ( V vs)

Vvs = (Rv × T ) / Pvs

H = 2.0216 Tdb + w{(hfg) db + 2.3 Tdb }

Construction of Constant Relative Humidity lines

Total Heat Chart

Construction of Constant specific Volume lines

H= Cpma × Tdb + w [(hfg) dp + 2.3 Tdp].

For a 160 kJ enthalpy line, substitute the

Construction of Constant wet-bulb

Same WBT and DBT.

The path followed through this point along a constant

 Sensible heating and cooling

Heat added during this process

2. Air condition coming out of

3. Actual air condition coming

4. Dew point condition of air.

Dry Bulb Temperature – Tdb

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Wet Bulb Temperature - Twb

Dew Point Temperature - Tdp

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Specific Air Volume

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Four basic psychrometric processes

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

The Phase Change of water

Sensible Heating only

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Sensible Cooling only process

The transfer of heat from air using one

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Heating and Humidification

Cooling and Dehumidification

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Cooling and Dehumidification

Cooling with adiabatic humidification of air

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

Understanding the Psychrometric charts

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