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Itcfinal
Itcfinal
16088 – BBA-1.
HYDERI.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING.
SIR MIRZA ANAS MASOOD BAIG.
Q:01: What are the different of personal computer? Explain each in detail.
A:01 TYPES OF PERSONAL COMPUTER:
DESKTOP: Before the widespread use of PCs, a computer that could fit on
a desk was remarkably small, leading to the "desktop" nomenclature. More
recently, the phrase usually indicates a particular style of computer case.
Desktop computers come in a variety of styles ranging from large
vertical tower cases to small models which can be tucked behind or rest
directly beneath (and support) LCD monitor.
While the term "desktop" often refers to a computer with a vertically aligned
computer tower case, these varieties usually rest on the ground or
underneath desks. Despite this seeming contradiction, the term "desktop"
does typically refer to these vertical tower cases as well as the horizontally
aligned models which are designed to literally rest on top of desks and are
therefore more appropriate to the "desktop" term, although both types
qualify for this "desktop" label in most practical situations aside from certain
physical arrangement differences. Both styles of these computer cases
hold the systems hardware components such as the motherboard,
processor chip, other internal operating parts. Desktop computers have an
external monitor with a display screen and an external keyboard, which are
plugged into USB ports on the back of the computer case. Desktop
computers are popular for home and business computing applications as
they leave space on the desk for multiple monitors.
Q:3 How does IT improve our lives? Mention five examples and explain
each in detail.
A:3 IT IMPROVE OUR LIVES EXAMPLES:
1. EDUCATION:
Most equip labs and classrooms with laptops or desktops.
Registeration, Attendance and Marks posting online.
Digital library
Learning management system, which is software that contains tools
for class preparation, distribution, and management.
For example, through the course management system, students
access course materials, grades, assessments, and a variety of
collaboration tools.
Distance learning.
2. RETAIL:
The retail stores can check the customer sales and track inventory.
Additionally, you can purchase just about any product or service on
the web.
3. PUBLISHING:
Many publishers of books, magazines, newspapers, music, film, and
video make their works available online.
Organizations and individuals publish their thoughts and ideas using
a blog, podcast, or wiki.
A blog is an informal website consisting of time-stamped article
(posts) in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse
chronological order. Posts can contain text, photos, links, and more.
Podcasts are a popular way to distribute audio or video on the web.
A podcast is recorded media that users can download or stream to a
computer or portable media player.
Examples of podcasts include lectures, political messages.
A wiki is a collaborative website that allows users to create, add to,
modify, or delete the content via their browser. Many wikis are open
to modification by the general public.
4. MANUFACTURING:
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) refers to the use of computers
to assist with manufacturing processes, such as fabrication and
assembly.
CAM is used by a variety of industries, including oil drilling, power
generation, food production, and automobile manufacturing.
Automobile plants, for example, have an entire line of industrial
robots that assemble a car.
Special computers on the shop floor record actual labor, material,
machine, and computer time used to manufacture a particular
product.
The computers process this data and automatically update inventory,
production, payroll, and accounting records on the company’s
network.
5. HEALTHCARE:
Hospitals use computers to maintain and access patient records.
Online reports of tests conducted.
Computers and mobile devices monitor patients’ vital signs in hospital
rooms.
Computers and computerized devices assist doctors, nurses, and
technicians with medical tests.
Doctors use the web and medical software to assist with researching
and diagnosing health conditions.
Surgeons implant computerized devices, such as Pacemakers.
Surgeons use computer-controlled devices to provide them with
greater precision during operations, such as for laser eye surgery and
robot-assisted heart surgery.
CATEGORIES OF APPLICATIOS:
1. BUSINESS APPS:
Also referred to as productivity apps, they holds the second place with the
considerable 10% share. Modern-day smartphones are capable of
performing many complex tasks on the run.
Billing, buying, booking, sending emails, tracking working progress – you
name it. Business apps vary from B2B applications to office and personal
apps to boost productivity and minimize expense: imagine that you can find
Android app developers for hire, recruit a new sales-manager or buy new
cartridges for your office printers just with one tap.
2. EDUCATIONAL APPS:
This category is somewhat blurry in its content, as it may encompass a vast
field of mobile apps. In other words, an app can be educational to some extent
and still do not fit in this category. Or otherwise. However, it’s good to know
that we as society care about self-education, which brings this category to
the top 2 of our list.
Kids can learn while playing educational game apps. Students may learn
out of the class and adjust individual learning pace. Moreover, according to
recent reviews many educational apps are useful for teachers as well –
organizing a teaching process better, educating themselves, etc.
3. ENTERTAINMENT APPS:
We are talking about streaming, chatting, searching events, watching
videos online, posting photos to Instagram and so on. Applications for
entertainment are often closely related to gaming due to same goal – to
agitate your mind.
These are the apps that have a tendency to invoke a kind of dependency,
they keep us engaged, logged in, always checking for updates. On the
bright side, imagination and talent of app creators bring lots of fresh and
fun things to our lives, so we will never be bored again, that’s for sure.
4. UTILITY APPS:
Utility software is used on a daily basis by literally everyone of us, we don’t
even realize it. Though unlike others types of apps, utility apps display the
shortest user session times. People use these to just get things done and
move on. Falling into top categories of mobile apps can be explained by
sheer amount of practical individuals leveraging their gadgets to full
potential. For example taxi apps. However, most popular types of
applications here are scanners, trackers, healthcare, first aid manuals, etc.
5. TRAVEL APPS:
Travel apps’ purpose is 100% crisp and clear, as the title suggests – to
makes your traveling easier, more comfortable. Some of them turn your
smar tphone into universal travel diary, some can literally guide you
through the unknown sites abroad using maps, some provide translation
assistance. That’s why most of today’s tourists seem to be digitally-savvy
all-knowing travelers.
Q:6: Define network and its types in detail.
A6: NETWORK:
A network consists of multiple devices that communicate with one another.
It can be as small as two computers or as larger as billions of device. While
a traditional network is comprised of desktop computers, modern network
may include latptops, tablets, smartphons, television, gaming consoles and
other electronics. There are three types of networks.
1. LAN
2. MAN
3. WAN
TYPES OF NETWORK:
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK):
A Local Area Network (LAN) consists of computer network at a single site,
typically on office building. A LAN is very useful for sharing resources, such
as data storage and printers. LANs can be built with relatively inexpensive
hardware such as, hubs, network adapters and Ethernet cables.
A small LAN may only use two computers, while larger LAN can
accommodate thousand of computers. A LAN typically relies on wired
connections for increased speed and security, but wireless connection can
also be the part of a LAN. High speed and relatively low cost are the
defining characteristics of LANs.
LANs are typically used for the single sites where people need to share
resources among themselves but not with the rest of the outside world.
Think of an office building where everybody should be able to access files
on a central server or able to print a document to one or more central
printers. Those tasks should be easy for everybody for working in the same
office, but you would not want somebody just walking outside to be able to
send a document to the printer from their cell phone! If a local area
network, or LAN, is entirely wireless, it is referred to as a wireless local
area network, or WLAN.