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Bridge Components PDF
Bridge Components PDF
7. WINGWALL
A wingwall is a side wall to the abutment backwall or stem designed
to assist in confining earth behind the abutment.
Wingwall
8. FOOTING
As bearings transfer the superstructure loads to the substructure, so
in turn do the abutment and pier footings transfer loads from the
substructure to the subsoil or piles.
A footing supported by soil without piles is called a spread footing. A
footing supported by piles, is known as a pile cap.
9. PILES
When the soil under a footing cannot provide adequate support for
the substructure (in terms of bearing capacity, overall stability, or
settlement), support is obtained through the use of piles, which
extend down from the footing to a stronger soil layer or to bedrock.
10. SHEETING
the vertical planks which are driven to the ground to act as
temporary retaining walls permitting excavation.
Steel
sheeting
III. APPURTENANCES AND SITE-RELATED
FEATURES
• An appurtenance is any part of the bridge or bridge site which is not a
major structural component yet serves some purpose in the overall
functionality of the structure (i.e guide rails). The bridge site, as an
entity, possesses many different components which, in one way or
another, integrates with the structure.
The major appurtenances and site related
features are:
Guide rails: designed to keep people or vehicles from (in most cases unintentionally)
lose their way into a dangerous or off-limits areas
Embankment and slope protection: both aesthetically pleasing and provide for proper
drainage and erosion control
Under drain: is a drainage system made of perforated pipe or other suitable conduit that
transports runoff away from the structure and into appropriate drainage channels
Approach: The section of overpass roadway which leads up to and away from the bridge
abutments. It helps to evenly distribute traffic loads on the soil behind the abutment,
and minimizes impact to the abutment which can result from differential settlement
between the abutment and the approach.
Traffic barriers: protective device “used to shield motorists from obstacles or slope
located along either side of roadway.” Traffic barriers can range from a guard rail made of
corrugated steel to reinforced concrete parapets. On bridges, they are usually called
bridge railings.