Paaras Thakur

Organic Chemistry

Haloalkanes - 4
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Example
Haloalkanes - Substitution Reaction
Leaving Group
Leaving Group ability (Nucleofugality)
Leaving Group ability (Nucleofugality)
Leaving Group ability (Nucleofugality)
Example
Example
 Nucleophilicity Vs Basicity

Basicity is defined by the equilibrium constant for abstracting a

proton. Basicity is a thermodynamic phenomenon.
 Leaving Group

Nucleophilicity is defined by the rate of attack on an electrophilic

carbon atom. Nucleophilicity is a kinetic phenomenon.
 Trends in Nucleophilicity

A species with a negative charge is a stronger nucleophile than a similar

neutral species. In particular, a base is a stronger nucleophile than its
conjugate acid.

Nucleophilicity decreases from left to right in the periodic table, following

the increase in electronegativity from left to right.
 Trends in Nucleophilicity

Nucleophilicity increases down the periodic table, following the increase in

size and polarizability, and the decrease in electronegativity.
Trends in Nucleophilicity
Steric Effects on Nucleophilicity
Example For each pair, predict the stronger nucleophile
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