FOUNDATION (PUNDASYON)

A FOUNDATION IS A LOWER PORTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURE THAT

TRANSFERS ITS GRAVITY LOADS TO THE EARTH. FOUNDATIONS ARE
GENERALLY BROKEN INTO TWO CATEGORIES: SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS AND
DEEP FOUNDATIONS

FRAMEWORK (BALANGKAS)

THE STRUCTURAL FRAME OF A BUILDING OR OTHER BUILT ASSET.

FITTING TOGETHER OF PIECES TO GIVE A STRUCTURE SUPPORT AND SHAPE.

FRAMING MATERIALS ARE USUALLY WOOD, ENGINEERED WOOD,
OR STRUCTURAL STEEL.

FLOORING (SUELO)

THE GENERAL TERM FOR A PERMANENT COVERING OF A FLOOR, OR FOR THE

WORK OF INSTALLING SUCH A FLOOR COVERING

COLUMN (HALIGUE)

AN UPRIGHT PILLAR, STRUCTURAL ELEMENT THAT TRANSMITS,

THROUGH COMPRESSION, THE WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE ABOVE TO OTHER
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS BELOW

CEILING (KISAME)

THE OVERHEAD SURFACE OR SURFACES COVERING A ROOM, AND THE

UNDERSIDE OF A FLOOR OR A ROOF. CEILINGS ARE OFTEN USED TO HIDE
FLOOR AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION.

BEAM (BIGA)

HORIZONTAL MEMBER SPANNING AN OPENING AND CARRYING A LOAD THAT

MAY BE A BRICK OR STONE WALL ABOVE THE OPENING, IN WHICH CASE
THE BEAM IS OFTEN CALLED A LINTEL

EAVE (ALERO)

THE HORIZONTAL EXTERIOR ROOF OVERHANG.

ROOF (BUBONG)

COVERING OF THE TOP OF A BUILDING, SERVING TO PROTECT AGAINST

RAIN, SNOW, SUNLIGHT, WIND, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE
P U R L I N ( R EOSTRA)

IS ANY LONGITUDINAL, HORIZONTAL, STRUCTURAL MEMBER IN A ROOF EXCEPT A TYPE OF

FRAMING WITH WHAT IS CALLED A CROWN PLATE

SCAFFOLDING / ANDAMIYO

A TEMPORARY STRUCTURE ON THE OUTSIDE OF A BUILDING, MADE USUALLY

OF WOODEN PLANKS AND METAL POLES, USED BY WORKERS WHILE BUILDING,
REPAIRING, OR CLEANING THE BUILDING.

GUTTER / ALULOD , CANAL

PART OF A BUILDING'S WATER DISCHARGE SYSTEM. IT IS A TROUGH OR

CHANNEL THAT RUNS AROUND THE PERIMETER OF A ROOF, AND COLLECTS
RAINWATER RUNOFF FROM THE ROOF, DISCHARGING IT, USUALLY TO
RAINWATER DOWNPIPES WHICH CONVEY IT TO A DRAINAGE SYSTEM

TOP CHORD / KILO , TAHILAN

AN INCLINED OR HORIZONTAL MEMBER THAT ESTABLISHES THE UPPER EDGE

OF A TRUSS. THIS MEMBER IS SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSIVE AND BENDING
STRESSES.

STAIRS / HAGDANAN

A STAIRCASE OR SIMPLY STAIRS IS A UTILITY CONSTRUCTION, DESIGNED TO

BRIDGE A VERTICAL DISTANCE, FOR EXAMPLE BETWEEN TWO FLOORS.

CORRUGATED G.I. SHEETS / YERO

 BUILDING MATERIAL COMPOSED OF SHEETS OF HOT-DIP GALVANISED MILD STEEL, COLD-

ROLLED TO PRODUCE A LINEAR CORRUGATED PATTERN IN THEM

BOTTOM CHORD / TIRANTE

THE HORIZONTAL (AND INCLINED, IE. SCISSOR TRUSSES) MEMBER DEFI NING
THE LOWER EDGE OF A TRUSS, CARRYING CEILING LOADS WHERE APPLICABLE.
THIS MEMBER IS SUBJECT TO TENSILE AND BENDING STRESSES. (ON A SIMPLY
SUPPORTED, NON-CANTILEVERED TRUSS).

BALUSTERS / BALUSTER, BARANDILLA

VERTICAL MOULDED SHAFT, SQUARE, OR LATHE-TURNED FORM FOUND IN

STAIRWAYS, PARAPETS, AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

MOULDING / MOLDURA
TRANSITIONAL, OR TERMINAL ELEMENT THAT CONTOURS OR OUTLINES THE
EDGES AND SURFACES ON A PROJECTION OR CAVITY, SUCH AS A CORNICE,
ARCHITRAVE, CAPITAL, ARCH, BASE, OR JAMB

DOWN SPOUT / TUBO DE BANADO

IS A PIPE FOR CARRYING RAINWATER FROM A RAIN GUTTER. VERTICAL AND USUALLY

EXTEND DOWN TO GROUND LEVEL. THERE IS GENERALLY A BEND OF 70 DEGREES AT THE
BOTTOM

HANDRAIL / GABAY

 A RAIL THAT IS DESIGNED TO BE GRASPED BY THE HAND SO AS TO PROVIDE STABILITY OR

SUPPORT

HINGE / BISAGRA

MECHANISM THAT CONNECTS NORMALLY A DOOR, WINDOW OR OTHER

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, TO EITHER A FRAME OR A CABINET OF SOME TYPE

LANDING / MESA PAHINGAN

THE LANDING IS THE FLAT PLATFORM NEAR THE TOP OR BOTTOM STEP OF A STAIR
WHERE ONE LANDS. AN INTERMEDIATE LANDING IS A SMALL PLATFORM THAT IS
BUILT BETWEEN MAIN FLOOR LEVELS, WHERE THE STAIR CHANGES DIRECTION. A
HALF LANDING IS WHERE A 180° CHANGE IN DIRECTION IS MADE, AND A QUARTER
LANDING IS WHERE A 90° CHANGE IN DIRECTION IS MADE.

TRUSS / KILO

A PRE-BUILT STRUCTURAL MEMBER CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING A LOAD OVER A

GIVEN SPAN. A TRUSS CONSISTS OF ONE OR MORE TRIANGLES IN ITS
CONSTRUCTION.

RISER / SENEPA, TAKIP , SILIPAN

THE VERTICAL PORTION BETWEEN EACH TREAD ON THE STAIR. IN SOME STAIRS,
THIS MAY BE MISSING FOR AN “OPEN” STAIR EFFECT.

THREAD / ROSKAS

THE HORIZONTAL PART OF THE STAIRS THAT IS STEPPED ON. THE TREAD “DEPTH” IS
MEASURED FROM THE OUTER EDGE OF THE STEP TO THE VERTICAL “RISER”
BETWEEN STEPS. THE “WIDTH” IS MEASURED FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER.