!

= ;k|;ª\u JofVof / efjlj:tf/

;k|;ª\u JofVof eg]sf] s] xf] <

s'g} s[ltsf ljlzi6 uB–kBfTds p¢/0f jf kª\lQmsf] k|;ª\u ;lxt JofVof, efjlj:tf/ tyf ljj]rgf ug]
{ sfo{nfO{ ;k|;ª\u JofVof elgG5 . JofVof jf efjlj:tf/ klg ;dLIff tyf ljj]rgfs} cleGg cª\u
xf] . t/ ljj]rgfdf k|Zg lbOG5 / k|Zgleq s]lGb|t eP/ ljleGg sf]0faf6 ljj]rgf ul/G5 .
JofVofdf eg] JofVof ug{ s'g} klg uB–kBfTds kª\lQm jf p¢/0f lbOG5 / tL kª\lQm jf p
¢/0fsf] cy{, cfzo / efj v'Ng] u/L dGyg ul/G5 . ;k|;ª\u JofVofdf k|;ª\usf] dxTj x'G5 .
k|;ªuljgfsf] JofVofnfO{ efjlj:tf/ jf efjfy{ elgG5 .

;k|;ª\u JofVof s;/L ug]{ <

!_ ;j{k|yd JofVof ubf{ JofVo]o kª\lQm jf p¢/0f s'g s[ltaf6 lnOPsf] 5, To;sf] pNn]v s[ltdf
sxfFlg/ s'g ;Gbe{ jf k|;ª\udf ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ :ki6 kfg'{k5{ .
@_ /rgfsf/ tyf n]vssf] ;fdfGo of]ubfg ;lxtsf] z}nLut kl/ro, ;flxlTos ljz]iftf jf k|j[lQsf]
pNn]v;Fu} k|:t't kf7df cleJoQm efj ;ª\If]kdf pNn]v ug'{k5{ .
#_ To;kl5 kª\lQm jf p4/0fsf] efjlj:tf/ ug'{k5{ .
$_ cGTodf To; kª\lQmn] s[ltsf/sf s'g k|j[lQsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 eGg] s'/fsf] pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 .
%_ cGTodf lgisif{ lbg'k5{ .
^_ o;/L x]bf{ ;k|;ª\u JofVofdf k|;ª\u, JofVof / lgisif{ u/L tLg cg'R5]b x'G5g\ tf klg
JofVofnfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ cGo cg'R5]bdf klg lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

;k|;ª\u JofVofsf] gd'gf – !

lxhf];Dd h;sf] af]nLdf s]xL lyPg
dgsf] k|ltWjlg;Dd lyPg
dflg;n] af]n]h:t} lyPg
cfh ltgsf] af]nLdf k|f0f 5
Joyf, pGdfb, cfXjfg\ 5, cfsif{0f 5
cfh ltgsf] df}gtf klg a]fN5 .
JofVo]o kª\lQm M

lxhf];Dd h;sf] af]nLdf

=================================================== df}gtf klg af]N5 .

k|;ª\u M
sIff ==== sf]] kf7\ok':tsdf ;dflji6 k|:t't efjo'Qm ;'Gb/ sljtf+z -kª\lQmk'~h_ cfw'lgs slj,
gf/LjfbL gf6ssf/ uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfnsf] …kl/jt{gÚ sljtfaf6 lnOPsf] xf] . g]kfnL
;flxTodf ;~r]tgfTds sljtf n]v]/ g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ cGofo–cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf la¿¢
3R3Rofpg] l/dfnsf sljtfx¿ tLtf eP/ klg dL7f / yf]/} eP/ klg uxg 5g\ . sf7df8f}Fdf hGd]/
xf]nf ;fg}b]lv /f0fzf;sx¿af6 hgtfdfly x'g] cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fnfO{ glhsaf6
cWoog / cg'ej ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf l/dfn gf/L ;+j]bgf / pGd'lQmsf] jsfnt ug{ klg r's]sf 5}gg\
. …hgtf hfu] eg] dfq pHofnf] x'G5 / pHofnf]sf nflu Psb'O{ tf/f emb}{df lxlRsrfpg'
x'Fb}gÚ eGg] l/dfnsf sljtfdf ef]lnsf] pHofnf]sf] sfdgf ub}{ eljiok|ltsf] bx|f] / cfzfjfbL
ljZjf; k|s6 ePsf] kfOG5 . pb\w[t sljtfdf slj l/dfnn] ;dfhdf ljBdfg lg/ª\s'ztf /
bf;tfnfO{ x6fpg kl/jt{g cfjZos k5{ / To; kl/jt{gsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ hgtf Psh'6 eP/
qmflGtsf] cfXjfg\ ug'{k5{ eGg] efj JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . qmflGt / zflGt kl/jt{gsf nflu
x'g'kb{5 / o;sf] lgldQ tdfd ;r]t o'jfx¿ cl3 a9\g'kb{5 eGb} slj kl/jt{gsf] k|efj s:tf] x'G5
eGg] s'/fnfO{ o; kª\lQmk'~hdf o;/L JoQm ub{5g\ .
JofVof M
ha ;dfh / k"/} b]z lg/ª\s'ztfsf] sfnf] kbf{leq 5f]lkPsf] x'G5 Toltv]/ ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfx¿ cfk"mdflysf] kL/, dsf{, cGofo, cTofrf/sf] lj/f]w ug{ ;Sb}gg\, s'/f ;x]/ a:g afWo
x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] dgf]an lgs} sdhf]/ x'G5, pgLx¿ 8/fpF5g\ . cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0f cfk\mg}
cfFvfn] k|ToIf b]v]/ klg To;sf] lj?4df d'v vf]Ng ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿sf] af]nLdf lg/Lxtf, nfrf/L /
sfo/tfafx]s s]xL kfOGg . o;sf] ljk/Lt ha qmflGtsf] Hjfnf lj:tf/} /GsFb} hfG5 / lg/ª\s'z Joj:yf
x6]/ ;dfhdf kl/jt{g cfpF5 clg kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf dfG5]sf] x"n a9\g yfNb5 . ;a}n] cfk\mgf] dfgl;s
efj JoQm ug{ ;S5g\ . dfG5]sf] 8/, wfs / qf;af6 pTkGg df}gtf eª\u x'G5 . To;kl5 aNn qmflGt
;kmn eP/ ;dfhdf kl/jt{g cfpF5, cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0f ;dfhaf6 efU5 . To;}n] ;a}n] kl/jt{gsf]
rfxgf ug'{k5{ . kl/jt{gn] g} dflg;sf] hLjgdf pHofnf] NofpF5 / dflg;nfO{ dflg; eP/ afFRg
kfpg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ub{5 . /fi6«jfbL lrGtgaf6 k|]l/t ;sf/fTds qmflGtaf6 cfpg] x/]s kl/jt{gn]
s]jn zflGt dfq NofpFb}g, To;n] b]zsf] ljsf;df klg 7"nf] k|efj kfb{5 eGg] wf/0ff sljdf /x]sf]
kfOG5 . o; sljtf+zaf6 slj l/dfnsf] k|ultjfbL /fli6«o b[li6sf]0f :ki6 emlNsG5 .
lgisif{ M
cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf] aGwgdf afFlwPsf g]kfnL hgtf hf] lxhf];Dd d'v vf]Ng klg
;Sb}gy], cfk\mgf kL/, dsf{ / kL8fnfO{ leqleq} bjfP/ /fVg afWo lyP, cfh ltg} hgtf
 qmflGtsf] ;kmntfkl5 d'v vf]Ng ;Sg] ePsf 5g\, cfk\mgf] xs / clwsf/sf nflu af]Ng ;Sg]
ePsf 5g\ eGb} qmflGtn] dflg;df cfTdan dfq a9fpFb}g pgLx¿df dflg; eP/ :jfledfgk"j{s
lhpg] r]tgf klg pTkGg u/fpF5 eGg] efj oL kª\lQmdf sljn] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

;k|;ª\u JofVof n]vgsf] gd'gf–@

xfdLn] cfk\mgf] st{Jo la;]{ Oltxf;n] lwSsfnf{

uf]nL lgn]sf ;lxbsf] tftf] /utn] lwSsfnf{ .

JofVo]o kª\lQm M
xfdLn] cfk\mgf]
==========================================================/utn]
lwSsfnf{ .

k|:t't sljtf+z cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f / bf;Tjsf lj?¢ ljb|f]xsf] zª\vgfb ub}
{ qmflGtsf nflu hgtfnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ slj e"lk z]/rgåf/f /lrt b]zelQmk"0f{ sljtf
xf] . g]kfnL ;flxTodf k|u;tz:n wf/fsf /fhgLlts ljrf/ /fVg] slj e"lk z]/rg oyfy{df
hgtfsf slj x'g\ . pgsf sljtfdf hgtfn] ef]Ug' kl//x]sf ;d:ofsf] oyfy{ lrq0f x'g'sf ;fy}
hgftfsf efjgf klg k|ltlalDat ePsf] kfOG5 . hgtf hfu] dfq eljio ;d'HHjn x'G5 eGg]
sljn] o; æ;lxbÆ sljtfdf hgtfsf] d'lQm Pj+ cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf lgldQ
n8\bfn8\b} alnbfg ePsf ;lxbx¿ xfd|f k|]/0ff x'g\, cfbz{ x'g\, zlQm x'g\ /
dfu{bz{s klg x'g\ eGg] ljrf/ k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . h'g p2]Zo / k|flKtsf nflu xfd|f jL/
g]kfnL o'jfx¿ ;lxb eP pgLx¿n] yfngL u/]sf] sfdnfO{ ;kmn / ;fy{s t'Nofpg' xfd|
f] st{Jo xf] eGg] sljsf] efjgf klg o; sljtfdf cleJoQm ePsf] kfOG5 . olb xfdLn]
;lxbx¿ lxF8]sf] af6f] / pgLx¿sf] uGtJonfO{ la:of}{F / pgLx¿n] b]vfPsf]
af6f]df lxF8]gf]F eg] ;lxbx¿n] aufPsf] /utn] xfdLnfO{ lwSsfg]{5, ;/fKg]5
eGg] cfu|x o; sljtfdf sljsf] /x]sf] 5 .

JofVof M
xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] st{Jo / /fli6«o bfloTjk|lt ;r]t agfpFb} slj n]V5g\, cGofo,
cTofrf/, zf]if0f / d'lQmsf nflu t8\lkPsf hgtfsf] d'lQm / tfgfzfxL zf;gJoj:yfsf]
h~hL/n] afFlwPsL g]kfn cfdfsf] :jtGqtfsf nflu k|f0ffx'tL ug]{ ;lxbx¿ xfd|f
cfbz{ x'g\, dfu{ bz{s x'g\ . pgLx¿n] h'g sfdsf nflu k|f0f lj;h{g u/]sf lyP To;
sfdnfO{ ;kmn kfg'{ xfd|f] st{Jo xf], bfloTj xf] . olb xfdLn] ;lxbx¿ lxF8]sf]
af6f], pgLx¿n] lnPsf] dxfg\ nIo clg uGtJo la:of}{F eg] b]z / hgtfsf] lgldQ k|
 f0ffx'tL ug]{ ;a} ;lxbx¿n] xfdLnfO{ lwSsfg]{5g\, Oltxf;n] klg
xfdLnfO{ lwSsfg]{5 . b]z cfkm} aGb}g . b]z agfpg Tofu / ;dk{0f rflxG5
t;y{M xfdLn] klg ;lxbx¿sf] p2]Zo / uGtJonfO{ k|fKt ug{ alnbfgLk"0f{ ;dk{0f
ug{ ;Sof}F eg] dfq oyfy{df ;lxbx¿k|lt ;Ddfg / >¢f~hln x'g]5 . h;n] xfd|f nflu,
xfd|f] d'lQmsf nflu / xfd|f] xs–clwsf/sf nflu cfk"mnfO{ la;h{g u¥of], ;lxb eof]
To;k|lt / To;n] aufPsf] /utk|lt xfdL s[t1 cjZo g} x'g'k5{ . cGoyf tL ;lxbx¿n]
aufPsf] /utn] xfdLnfO{ lwSsfg]{5, ;/fKg]5 .

;f/f+z M
o;/L pko'{Qm klª\Qmdf sljn] b]zsf] nflu cfk"mnfO{ ;dk{0f ug]{ ofjt\ ;lxb xfd|
f cfbz{ x'g\ / dfu{bz{s klg x'g\ . t;y{M pgLx¿n] lnPsf] p2]Zo / ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/
kfg'{ xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] eGb} olb xfdLn] xfd|f] st{Jo la:of}{F eg]
xfdLnfO{ ;lxbx¿sf] /utn] / Oltxf;n] slxn] klg Ifdf ug]{5}g eGg] cleJolQm
sljn] lbPsf 5g\\ . oL kª\lQmdf slj e"lk z]/rg b]zeQm, /fi6«jfbL Pj+ k|ultzLn
sljsf ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf b]lvG5g\ .

;k|;ª\u JofVof n]vgsf] gd'gf–#

ef]lnjfb xfd|f] ;+:s[lt xf], bz{g xf], /fhgLlt xf], k|zf;g xf], ;fdflhs Jojxf/ xf] .

ef]lnjfb xfd|f]
===============================================================
Jojxf/ xf] .

k|:t't uBf+z g]kfnL xf:o–Joª\Uo lgaGwsf] If]qdf k|v/ Joª\Uosf/sf] ¿kdf kl/lrt lgaGwsf/
e}/j cof{nåf/f lnlvt æho ef]lnÆ lgaGwaf6 lnOPsf] xf] . g]kfnL ;flxTodf xf:oJoª\Uo
lgaGwdfkm{t g]kfnL ;dfhdf b]lvPsf ljs[lt, lj;ª\ult, cGwljZjf;, ?9Ljfb / gSsn ug]{ k|
j[lQk|lt tLvf] Joª\Uo ub}{ g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ;xL lrGtg / ljrf/tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg] k|of;
ug]{ lgaGwsf/ cof{n -lj=;+=!((#–@)##_ xf:o–Joª\Uo If]qsf lzv/ k|ltef x'g\ . pgsf
lgaGwx¿ st} tLvf] sfF9f ag]/ dgdf u9\5g\, st} wfl/nf] t/af/ ag]/ af6f]
la/fPsfx¿nfO{ t;f{pF5g\, st} nf}/f] ag]/ ;xL af6f]df lxF8\g k|]l/t ub{5g\ . o; æho
ef]lnÆ lgaGwdf hxfF klg, h;n] klg, h'g;'s} sfddf klg / hlxn] klg ef]ln ef]ln eGg] k|j[lQ
emfª\luFb} uPsf] tkm{ ;ª\s]t ub}{ cof{nn] oxL ef]ln ef]ln eGg] k|j[lQ / ;+:sf/n]
ubf{ g} cfh g]kfnL ;dfh k5fl8 kb}{ uPsf] 5 / g]kfnL hgtfn] ;d:of ef]Ug' kl//x]sf] 5
eGg] oyfy{ cf}FNofPsf 5g\ . xf:o–Joª\Uo lgaGwdf l;¢x:t cof{nn] ho e'F8L, unaGbL,
Olt>L, bzcf}tf/ h:tf lgaGwdkm{t g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ cfn:okg, cGwljZjf; / gSsn ug]{ k|
 j[lQnfO{ 5f]8]/ hfu?s, l;h{gzLn / oyfy{jfbL eP/ cufl8 a9\g ;s] dfq b]z / ;dfhsf] enf]
x'g]tkm{ xfdLnfO{ ;r]t agfPsf 5g\ .

lgaGwsf/ e}/j cof{n g]kfnL ;dfhdf JofKt ef]lnjfbL ;+:s[ltk|lt tLvf] Joª\Uo ub}{ eG5g\,
cfh g]kfnL ;dfhsf k|To]s If]qdf, k|To]s sfddf JofKt /x]sf] ef]lnjfbL k|j[lQaf6 x/]s
dfG5] ;tfOPsf] 5, g]kfnL ;dfh cfhLt / lbSbf/ ePsf] 5 .;fgf] d'2fdf clNemPsf] Pp6f u/La
g]kfnL jiff}{F cbfnt wfpFbf wfpFb} sª\ufn ePsf] 5 . Pp6f ;fgf] kfFr ldg]6df ;lsg] sfd
lnP/ sfof{no wfpsf] ;fdfGo g]kfnL of] ePg, Tof] ePg, cfh k'm;{b 5}g, ef]ln cfpg';\
eGg] k|j[lQsf] sf/0f ;b/d'sfddf a]vrL{ ePsf] 5 . 5f]/Ln] lstfa lslglbg egL eg] ef]ln
lsgf}Fnf eGg], 5f]/fnfO{ :s'ndf egf{ ug'{k¥of] eg] ef]ln u/f}Fnf eGg], 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]
z'Ns klg ef]ln lt/f}Fnf eGg] cflb k|j[lQn] ubf{ sltsf 5f]/f5f]/L :s'naf6 lgsflnPsf, k/LIff
lbg gkfPsf pbfx/0f klg k|z:t 5g\ . >Ldfg\ / >LdtLsf] ef]ln ef]ln eGg] srsrn] t emg}
;d:of l;h{gf u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L c8\8f–cbfnt, l;+xb/af/ cflbb]lv 3/ / efG5f;Dd Jofks
¿kdf km}lnPsf] / pv]Ng} g;lsg] u/L h/f uf8]sf] o:tf] ef]ln ef]ln eGg] k|j[lQn]
g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ cwf]ulttkm{ ws]ln/x]sf] 5 . cfk"m ePsf] cfefif lbg sf]6 s';L{df /fv]/
rfs/Lsf] nflu wfpg] xflsd / sfdsf] Jo:ttf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg 6]a'ndfly v'§f k;f/]/ 3'g]{
;xfosx¿n] ubf{ cfh g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfn] cg]sf}F ;d:of;Fu h'Wg' kl//x]sf] tYonfO{ la;]
{/ cfh} ug'{ kg]{ sfdnfO{ ef]lnsf nflu yfFtL /fVg] g]kfnL k|j[lQ xfd|f] hLjg k¢lt g}
agL ;s]sf]tkm{ Joª\Uo ub}{ lgaGwsf/ o:tf] ef]lnjfb xfd|f] ;+:s[lt, bz{g, /fhgLlt, k|zf;g /
;fdflhs Jojxf/ ePsf] 5 eGg jfWo ePsf 5g\ .

o;/L ef]lnjfbL k|j[lQ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, bz{g / ;fdflhs Jojxf/ agL
;s]sf]tkm{ tLvf] Joª\Uo ub}{ lgaGwsf/ cof{nn] sfd kG5fpFb} hfg] 7Uu' k|j[lQ /
ef]lnjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] cGTo geP;Dd g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] slxNo} enf] / pGglt gx'g] cfzo
oL kª\lQmdf k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .

@= JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ M

JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ eg]sf] lbOPsf kª\lQm jf p¢/0fsf] uxg cWoog u/L To;leq n's]sf] efj,
cy{ jf cfzonfO{ vf]tNg' xf] . o:tf] n]vgdf JofVof / lgisif{ u/L b'O{ cg'R5]b x'G5g\ eg]
cfjZostfg';f/ JofVofnfO{ cGo cg'R5]bdf klg lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ s;/L n]Vg] <

!= lbOPsf JofVo]o kª\lQm jf p¢/0fsf] ljleGg sf]0faf6 uxg cWoog ug'{kb{5 .
@= JofVof jf efjlj:tf/ ubf{ ;dflji6 ug'{kg]{ d"n s'/fx¿nfO{ qmd ldnfO{ a'Fbfut l6kf]6
ug'{kb{5 .
#= lbOPsf kª\lQm jf p¢/0fsf] d"n efj, cfzo / cy{ :ki6 v'Ng] u/L Ps jf w]/}df b'O{ cg'R5]bdf
JofVof jf efjlj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 .
$= cGTodf lgisif{ jf lgrf]8 lbg'kb{5 .
%= lbOPsf kª\lQm jf p¢/0fsf] JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf cGo ljifoj:t'lt/ axlsg]
;Defjgftkm{ ;r]t /xg'kb{5 .

JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ n]vgsf] gd'gf–!

grfO{ rf/}lt/ kNnjL b|'d

la5fO{ gfgfyl/sf gofF t[0f .
j;Gt d]/} slt u5{ :jfut
cxf] Û cxf] Û ;'Gb/ of] ;hfj6 .

grfO{ rf/}lt/
================================================================
of] ;hfj6 .

g]kfnL sljtfsf] If]qdf oyfy{jfbLeGbf klg k|s[ltk|]dL sljsf] ¿kdf ;'k|l;¢ o'uslj l;l¢r/0f
>]i7åf/f /lrt æj;GtÆ sljtf k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] ;'Gb/ lrq0fn] ;lhPsf] sljtf xf] . pko'{Qm
sljtf+zdf sljn] j;Gtsf] cfudg;Fu} phfl8nf] / p/fl7nf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf b]lvPsf]
;f}Gbo{kl/jt{g / o;n] dfgjx[bodf cfPsf] ;'vb cg'e"ltsf] dgf]/d lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . lzlz/sf]
s7\oflª\lu|g] df};ddf kftx¿ em/]/ gfª\uf / l7ª\uf ePsf ?v / xfFufx¿df j;Gtsf] cfudg;Fu}
gjLg kfn'jf / d'gfx¿ knfPsf / ;Dk"0f{ k|s[lt g} ;';lHht / kNnljt ePsf] 5 . xl/of
3fF;x¿n] ;';lHht k|s[ltsf] sfvdf gjof}jgf ¿v, lj?jf, jg:klt of}jgsf] pGdfbn] gflr/x]sf 5g\ .
gjkNnljt kfn'jfx¿n] l;ª\ufl/Psf] w/tL xl/of] 3'F36 cf]9]/ st} d]/f] :jfutdf klv{/x]sL t 5}g
eGg] sf]dn sNkgf ub}{ slj >]i7 j;Gt Ct'df b]lvg] k|fs[lts kl/jt{g;Fu} dfgj dgsf ofjt\ kL/,
Joyf x6fP/ cfgGbsf] axf/ NofPsf] ;+emgf u5{g\ . slj eG5g\, Ct'/fh j;Gtdf kfOg] k|fs[lts
;f}Gbo{sf] sf]dn ;hfj6n] /x]s dflg;sf] dgdf gofF ljrf/, efjgf, pT;fx / pdª\u NofPsf] 5,
gofF o'usf] cfudgsf] ;'vb cfefif u/fPsf] 5 . k|s[ltdf cfPsf] o:tf] kl/jt{g cfk\mg} :jfutsf
nflu ePsf] sNkgf ub}{ k|s[ltk|]dL slj l;l¢r/0f k|s[lt;Fu cfTdLo ;DaGw sfod ug{ nfnflot
b]lvG5g\ .
o;/L k|s[ltk|]dL slj l;l¢r/0f >]i7n] k|s[ltdf cfpg] lgoldt kl/jt{gn] dflg;sf] dg, Jojxf/ /
lqmofzLntfdf klg k|efj kf/]sf] wf/0ff JoQm ub}{ lzlz/kl5sf] j;Gt klg cg]s lsl;dsf k|
 fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] ;lhP/ dfgjdg;Fu tfbfTDo ;DaGw ufF:g cft'/ ePsf] efj æj;GtÆ sljtfdf
JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ n]vgsf] gd'gf–@

cfsif{0fzlQmsf] lgodcg';f/ leGg j:t'x¿ k/:k/ lvlrG5g\ .

cfsif{0fzlQmsf] ====================================================
k/:k/ lvlrG5g\ .

g]kfnL efiff–;lxTosf ljlzi6 JolQmTj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f dxfsljsf] ¿kdf g]kfnL ;flxTodf :yflkt
eP klg pgL lgaGwsf/ / syfsf/sf ¿kdf klg plQs} ;kmn / ;'k|l;¢ 5g\ . b]jsf]6fsf lgaGwx¿ ljz]if u/L
pRr af}l¢stf / :jtGq efjgfdf au]sf vx/] dflgG5g\ . pgsf ltg} lgaGwx¿dWo] æenfbdLÆ klg Ps
k|l;¢ / ;j{lk|o lgaGw xf] . o;df lgaGwsf/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf ljljw If]qdf b]lvg] ljljw lsl;dsf
enfbdLx¿sf k|j[lQ, t8se8s, xfpefp, k|j[lQ / /jfkmsf] vx/] z}nLdf lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . h;/L Pp6f
r'Dasn] csf]{ kmnfdnfO{ cfk"mlt/ tfGb5 To;}u/L cfw'lgs enfb\dLx¿n] klg c¿nfO{ cfk"mlt/
cfslif{t ug{sf nflu cg]s lsl;dsf r'DasLo kl/wfg, jf0fL, xfpefp, lxF8fO cflbsf] ;df~h:o ldnfPsf
x'G5g\ . leq af}l¢stflaxLg vf]qmf] eP klg aflx/ lgs} ;Eo / ;';+:s[t b]lvG5g\ . leqL
;f}Gbo{eGbf aflx/L ;f}Gbo{nfO{ dg k/fpg] xfd|f rd{rIf', xfd|f] k|j[lQ To:tf JolQmdfly l5§}
k|efljt x'G5g\ / pgLx¿lt/ tflgg yfN5g\ . cfhsf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf leqL u'bLsf] klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
s;df kf] 5 / h;n] af}l¢stfsf] s;Ldf JolQmsf] d"Nofª\g ug{ ;sf];\ . ;'6, 6fO{, 6lNsg] h'Qf, h]n
nufP/ a6fl/Psf] skfn, s[lqd jf;gf, gSsnL af]nL, ldl>t efiff / agfj6L xfpefpnfO{ JolQmsf]
JolQmTj dfGg] xfd|f] ;dfh klg r'Dasn] kmnfdnfO{ tfg] h:t} ltgLx¿lt/} tflgPsf] 5 . jf:tljs
enfbdL / pgLx¿leqsf] af}l¢stfsf] cad"Nog x'Fb} uPsf]tkm{ Joª\Uo ub}{ lgaGwsf/ b]jsf]6f
jf:tljs enfb\dLnfO{ lrGg g;s]/ vf]qm] enfb\dLsf] kl5 bf}l8g] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;f]rfO, ljrf/ /
Jojxf/df kl/jt{g cfpg' kg]{ cJoQm ;'emfj klg ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf 5g\ .

o;/L cfsif{0fzlQmsf] l;¢fGtcg';f/ kmnfdn] h;/L kmnfdnfO{ tfGb5 To;}u/L cfhsf]

g]kfnL ;dfh klg vf]qm] enfb\dL k|j[lQaf6 olt w]/} u|l;t eO;s]sf] 5 ls oxfF h;sf] aflx/L
z/L/df cfsif{0f b]lvG5 / 5, h;n] cfk"mnfO{ aflx/L ¿kdf ;hfpg ;S5 / ;hfPsf] 5 ltg}
dxfk'?ifx¿ dxfenfb\dL dflgG5g\ eGb} cfhsf vf]qm] enfb\dL / ltgLx¿nfO{ enfb\dL
7fGg] k|j[lQk|lt tLvf] JoªUo k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

JofVof÷efjlj:tf/ n]vgsf] gd'gf–#

 pd|Gg af]6 s;}n] aLp 5/]/ guP .

g]kfnL ;flxTodf u/La / lgd'vf hgtfn] lbgx'F ef]Ug' kl//x]sf ;d:of clg ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfdfly x'g]
cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf] la¿¢df snddfkm{t ;zQm cfjfh p7fpg] hgtfsf slj e"lk z]/rgåf/f /lrt
æ;lxbx¿sf] ;+emgfdfÆ sljtf ;lxbx¿k|lt >¢f~hln:j¿k ;dlk{t sljtf xf] . b]z cfkm} aGb}g . b]z
agfpg] hgtf x'g\ . ha b]z agfpg] ltg} hgtfdflt cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0f x'G5, pgLx¿sf xs /
clwsf/sf] x/0f x'G5 eg] b]z s;n] agfpF5 / slxn] aG5 < t;y{M ;dfh / hgtfdfly x'g] o:tf s'k|
j[lQnfO{ h/}b]lv pv]n]/ lgld6\ofGg kfg{sf nflu x/]s gful/s, x/]s JolQm ;dfhsf zq'x¿dfly
hfO{ nfUg' kb{5, pgLx¿sf] bf;Tjaf6 ;dfhnfO{ d'lQm lbnfpg' kb{5 clg dfq hgtfsf] lxt / /fi6«sf]
ljsf; x'G5 . olb xfdL cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf la¿¢ n8\g ;s]gf}F eg] xfdLn] lhTg klg ;Sb}gf}F
. olb xfdLn] b]z, hgtf / /fi6«sf] d'lQmsf nflu ;lxb x'g 8/fpF5f}F eg] xfdL afRg klg ;Sb}gf}F .
afFRg' eg]sf] s]jn vfg', nfpg' / a:g' dfq xf]Og b]z, hgtf / /fi6«sf] lxt, pGglt / k|ultsf nflu n8\g'
klg xf] . hf] oL s'/fsf nflu n8\g / n8\bfn8\b} dg{ hfg]sf] x'G5 oyfy{df ToxL afFr]sf] x'G5 .
k"mn k'mnfpgsf nflu lj?jf /f]Kg}k5{, k"mn To;} k'mNb}g . :jflbi6 cfFk vfg vf]Hg]n] cfFksf]
af]6 /f]Kg klg hfGg' kb{5 . olb ;a} hgtf b]z, hgtf / /fi6«dfly ePsf] cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fnfO{
r'krfk x]/]/ a:g] xf] eg] s;n] xfd|f] xs, clwsf/ / st{Josf] /Iff ul/lbg], s;n] b]znfO{ d'lQm lbnfpg]
<

o;/L k|:t't kª\lQmdf xfdLn] d}n] vfpFnf jf d}n] kfpFnf eg]/ xf]Og, b]z / hgtfsf nflu cGofo,
cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf lj?¢ n8\g] sfdsf] jLhf/f]k0f ug'{kb{5 eGb} slj z]/rgn] xfdLnfO{ ;Rrf
b]zelQmsf] af6f]df nfUg clek|]l/t u/]sf 5g\ .

#= ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ M

;ª\lIfKt pQ/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

s'g} klg k|Zgsf] ;]/f]km]/f]leq dfq s]lGb|t eP/ lbOg] k|Zgsf] ;f]emf], 7f]; / :ki6
pQ/nfO{ ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ elgG5 . ljj]rgfTds / JofVofTds pQ/df h:tf] o;df kl/ro, k[i7e"ld,
k|;ª\u / lgisif{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOGg . k|Zgn] s] dfu]sf] 5 To;}sf] ;Dk"0f{ pQ/ cfpg]
u/L Ps} cg'R5]bdf ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ lbOG5 . o:tf] pQ/ lbFbf k|Zg / k|Zg;Fu ;DalGwt
ljifoj:t'sf] uxg cWoog x'g' h?/L dflgG5 . ljifoj:t'sf] cWoog ul/Psf] 5}g / a'lemPsf] 5}g
eg] 7f]; lbg ;lsGg, pQ/ axlsg] / ukmf8Lsf] ukm aGb5 .

;ª\lIfKt pQ/ s;/L n]Vg] <

!= ljifoj:t'sf] uxg cWoog x'g'kb{5 .
@= k|Zgn] dfu]sf] ljifoj:t' / k|Zgsf] p2]Zoaf/] lrGtg ug'{kb{5 .
#= pQ/df s]–s] s'/f ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg]tkm{ ljz]if Wofg lbg' kb{5 .
$= pQ/ axlsg ;Sg] x'Fbf ;s];Dd a'Fbfut ¿kdf l6kf]6 ug'{ /fd|f] dflgG5 .
%= o:tf] pQ/nfO{ ;s];Dd Ps} cg'R5]bdf n]Vg' /fd|f] dflgG5 .
^= efiff, :ki6, ;/n / af]wuDo x'g'kb{5 .

;ª\lIfKt pQ/n]vgsf] gd'gf–!

k|Zg M dflg;x¿ e|ddf kg'{sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

cfk"m z/L/ / d;Fu /x]sf] wg–;DklQnfO{ g} ;j{:j 7fGg] k|j[lQ cfhsf ;a} dflg;df
b]lvG5 . cfk"m :j:y 5 / k|z:t wg–;DklQ 5 eg] dnfO{ sf]xL klg rflxFb}g eGg] k|j[lQ
klg cfhsf dflg;sf] :jefljs k|j[lQ ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf of] 7"nf] e|d / c1fgtf xf] . xfd|f] of]
z/L/ ;w}F o;}lsl;dsf] :j:y / tGb'?:t /xGg / cfk"m;Fu ePsf] wg–;DklQ klg ;w}F /xG5 g}
eGg] klg 5}g . oL ;a} Ifl0fs x'g\ . cfhsf] :j:y z/L/ ef]ln :j:y g/xg ;S5 / cfh xfdL;Fu
ePsf] wg–;DklQ klg ef]ln ;lsg jf x/fpg ;S5 . o; cj:yfdf cfhsf] ;'vL / ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ ef]ln
b'Mvsf] ej;fu/ aGg ;Sb5 . t/ cfhsf dflg; oL s'/fnfO{ g} ;j{:j 7fgL 7"nf] e|ddf k/]sf 5g\ .

;ª\lIfKt pQ/n]vgsf] gd'gf–@

hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] u/]sf ;'wf/sfo{x¿ s]–s:tf lyP <

ax'cfoflds JolQmTjsf wgL hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] lzIff, /fhgLlt, dfgjclwsf/, Gofo,
kqsfl/tf, ;dfh;'wf/ cflb If]qdf 7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ . ;dfhzf:q, /fhgLltzf:q, bz{g,
sfg'g, lj1fg, ;flxTo cflb ljleGg ljifosf] uxg cWoog u/]sf pgn] lzIffsf If]qdf ljBfno
vf]Ng], kf7\ok':ts n]Vg], ;flxTo l;h{gf ug]{ cflb ljlzi6of]ubfglbPsf] kfOG5 eg]
;dfh;'wf/sf sfo{df e"ld;'wf/sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 ;f/L df]lxofgL xssf] Joj:yf u/]sf]
kfOG5 . æuf]/vfkqÆsf] klxnf] ;Dkfbs / Joj:yfks eP/ s'zn ;Dkfbs / ;kmn k|zf;ssf] kl/ro
lbPsf pgn] ljZjJofkL ¿kdf ljZjzflGt / dfgjclwsf/sf] k|rf/–k|;f/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . cfk"m;Fu
ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ wg–;DklQ k/;]jfdf ;dlk{t ug]{ hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] ljZjaGw'Tjsf]
hfu/0f Nofpg] sfddf klg pNn]vgLo of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ .

;ª\lIfKt pQ/ n]vgsf] gd'gf–#

s]zj/fhsf rfl/lqs ljz]iftf s]–s] x'g\ <

æbf]ifL r:dfÆ syfsf d'Vo kfq s]zj/fh oyfy{df rfs/L–k|yfnfO{ sd{ / efUo 7fGg] tyf
wd{ / rfs/Laf6 k|fKt kmnnfO{ sd{sf] kmn 7fGg] cfTd–:jfledfg / cfTd–;Ddfg u'dfPsf
JolQm x'g\ . 7"nfa8fnfO{ eujfg\ dfg]/ k"hf ug]{ k|j[lQ ePsf pgnfO{ cfk\mgf] sdhf]/L
 c¿dfly yf]k/]/ cfk"m rf]lvg] :jefjsf JolQm dfq xf]Ogg\ ;fgf] s'/fdf klg lrGtf u/]/ …cfsfz
v:of] eg] s] ug]{Ú eGg] dfgl;s /f]uaf6 u|:t JolQmsf ¿kdf klg lng ;lsG5 . 36gf /
j:t'l:yltsf] oyfy{ ljZn]if0f / d"Nofª\sg ug{ g;Sg], k|ltlqmof gcfpFb} cQflng] sdhf]/
dgl:ylt ePsf JolQmsf ¿kdf klg lognfO{ lng ;lsG5 . >d / sd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ 7"nfa8fsf]
cfzf–e/f]zfdf afFRg l;s]sf s]zj/fhnfO{ ;dfhsf lg/fzfjfbL, bf;Tjk|j[lQ ePsf k/fjnDaL
JolQmsf ¿kdf klg lrq0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

$= af]w–k|Zgf]Q/
af]w eg]sf] s] xf] <
af]w eg]sf] a'‰g' xf] . af]w b'O{ lsl;dsf] x'G5 M df}lvs / lnlvt . s'g} jQmfn] af]n]sf
s'/fx¿ a'‰g' df}lvs af]w xf] eg] lnlvt ;fdu|L k9]/ cy{–af]w ug'{ lnlvt af]w xf] .
k/LIffsf b[li6n] eg] lnlvt af]w g} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . k/LIffdf lbOg] af]w–k|Zg ljleGg
If]qsf /f]rs, ;Gb]zd"ns / k|of]hgk/s g]kfnL ;flxlTos ljwfaf6 s'g} dxTjk"0f{ cg'R5]b
lnO{ To; cg'R5]baf6 g} k|Zg ;f]lwG5 . To;/L lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 lgsflng] k|Zgx¿df
zLif{s, zAbfy{, cy{af]wfTds, z}nLut, Jofs/0fut cflb k|Zg kb{5g\ . o:tf] k|Zgf]Q/df
k/LIffyL{x¿ cg'R5]baf6 axlsP/ pQ/ vf]Hg' x'Fb}g lsgeg] tL k|Zgn] vf]h]sf
pQ/x¿ cg'R5]bleq} n's]/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . af]w–k|Zgf]Q/ x/]s :t/sf laBfyL{x¿sf]
af]wuDotfnfO{ gfKg] d'Vo cfwf/ dflgG5 .

af]w–k|Zgf]Q/ s;/L n]Vg] <

!= klxn] lbOPsf] cg'R5]b cy{ / efj–af]w x'g] u/L uxg cWoog ug'{ kb{5 .
@= dxTjk"0f{ p¢/0fx¿df /]vfª\sg ug'{kb{5 .
#= k|Zgx¿sf] uxg cWoog u/L cg'R5]bdf tL k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ sxfFsxfF
e]l6G5g\ ltgnfO{ /]vfª\sg ug'{kb{5 .
%= k|Zgn] vf; s] s'/f dfu]sf] 5 ToxL s'/f dfq n]Vg' kb{5 .
^= Pp6f k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbFbf csf]{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ vlK6g ;Sb5 . To;df ljz]if
xf]lzof/ x'g'kb{5 .
&= cg'R5]bs} jfSo x'ax' ;fl/Psf] pQ/nfO{ /fd|f] dflgFb}g t;y{M cfk\mg}
efiff–z}nLdf :ki6 pQ/ lbg'kb{5 .
*= JofVofTds pQ/ n]Vg'x'Fb}g .
(= af]w–k|Zgsf] k|d'v p2]Zo k/LIffyL{sf] af]wuDo Ifdtf / ;Lksf] d"Nofª\g xf] .
o;y{Mcg'R5]bsf] uxg cWoog u/L To;sf] efj, cy{ / dd{ a'emL pQ/ lbg' cToGt h¿/L
x'G5 .

gd'gf k':tsdf lbOPsf pbfx/0faf6 lng] 6fOk ug]{ .

 af]w–k|Zgf]Q/sf] gd'gf–!
c>4f t Tof] ;"Id /f]u xf] h;n] cf:yfsf] xTof ul/lbG5 clg dfG5] kª\u' aGg hfG5 . lrRofcf}+ ls
xfdL PskN6 ;x;| :j/n], nfvnfv :j/n], sf]6L–sf]6L :j/n], o; kª\u'tfsf lj?4 / o;sL hggL c>4fsf lj?4 .
ljpFltG5g\ ls sf]xL km]l/, kmls{G5g\ ls hnf>oaf6 sf]xL km]l/, lhGbuL lapFltG5 ls c>4fsf
dxfdzfgb]lv km]l/ .
k|Zgx¿ M
-!_ o; cg'R5]bsf] zLif{s s] /fVg ;lsPnf <
-@_ o;df n]vsn] ;a} ldn]/ s] u/f}F eg]sf 5g\ <
-#_ ;"Id /f]u eg]sf] s] xf] <
-$_ o;df s:tf] z}nL kfOG5 <
-%_ c>4f, kª\u'tf, km]l/, xfdL s'gs'g kbju{sf zAb x'g\ <
-^_ o; cg'R5]bsf] bf];|f] jfSo ;/n, ld> jf ;+o'Qm s] xf] <
pQ/x¿ M
-!_ o; cg'R5]bsf] zLif{s …>4fsf kIfdfÚ /fVg ;lsG5 .
-@_ o;df n]vsn] cleofgsf ¿kdf ;a} ldn]/ a9\bf] / xfgLsf/s c>4fnfO{ x6fpg] dgzfo
JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
-#_ ;"Id /f]u eg]sf] aflx/ gb]lvg] leqL /f]u xf] .
-$_ o;dflSni6 ;flxlTos z}nL kfOG5 .
-%_ c>4f M gfd, kª\u'tf M gfd, km]l/ M lqmofof]uL cJoo, xfdL – k|yd k'?if
;j{gfd .
-^_ o; cg'R5]bsf] bf];|f] jfSo ;/n jfSo xf] .

af]w–k|Zgf]Q/sf] gd'gf–@

af]w–k|Zgf]Q/sf] gd'gf–#

%= jfbljjfb M

jfbljjfb eg]sf] s] xf] <

jfbljjfb eg]sf] cleJolQmut l;h{gfTds lqmofsnfk xf] hf] ts{k"0f{ / af}l¢s x'G5 .
o;nfO{ JolQmdf /x]sf] tfls{s Ifdtf / af}l¢s cleJolQmsf] dfkg ug]{ Pp6f dfWodsf ¿kdf
klg lng ;lsG5 . jfbljjfbdf s'g} klg ljifoj:t'sf] kIf / ljkIfsf] ulx/fO{;Dd k'u]/
ts{k"0f{ v08g / d08g ul/G5 . of] Pslsl;dsf] k|ltof]lutfTds ljwf xf] tfklg k/LIffdf klg
 ;f]Wg ;lsg] ePsf] x'gfn] lnlvt jfbljjfbsf] gd'gfsf ¿kdf klg o;nfO{ n]Vg ;lsG5 . o:tf]
jfbljjfbdf kIf / ljkIf b'j} ljifo ;dfg ¿kdf cfpg] lsl;dsf] s'g} Ps zLif{s lbOG5 . To:tf]
ljifosf] kIf jf ljkIfdf cf–cfk\mgf cf]hk"0f{ egfO jf ts{x¿ k|:t't ul/G5 . o;/L x]bf{ s'g}
klg ljifodflysf] jQmfsf] ljrf/, lrGtg jf b[li6sf]0fs:tf] 5 / p;n] s]–s;/L, s]–s:tf ts{ / k|
df0fx¿n] ljifonfO{ k'li6 ug{ vf]h]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ d"Nofª\sgsf] d'Vo cfwf/ dflgG5 .

jfbljjfb s;/L n]Vg] <

!= klxn] zLif{s n]Vg'kb{5 .
@= lzi6, zfnLg, dof{lbt efiffz}nLdf ;+jf]wg ug'{ kb{5 .
#= s'g ;df/f]x, s;sf] cfof]hgf, cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] ljifo cflb pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 .
$= ;xefuL x'g] cj;/sf nflu cfof]hsnfO{ wGojfb lbg klg ;lsG5 .
%= zLif{ssf] efje"ld / uxgtfnfO{ 5'g] u/L cfk\mgf egfOx¿ ;/// /fVg' kb{5 .
^= ljkIfLsf d'Vo ts{x¿sf] tfls{s / af}l¢s v08g ug'{k5{ .
&= lgwf{l/t ;dosf] Vofn u/L cleJolQmnfO{ ;do;Ldfleq lgisif{df
k'¥ofpg ;Sg' kb{5 .
*= efiff–z}nL / k|:t'lt cfsif{s / /f]rs x'g' clt g} h?/L x'G5 .
(= xfpefpk"0f{ / efjd'b|f;lxtsf] cleJolQm x'g' kb{5 . -oBlk n]vgdf oL s'/f cb[Zo
¿kdf /x]sf x'G5g\ ._
!)= jfbljjfb ljz]iftM zLif{s, ;Daf]wg, ljifo k|j]z, cfk\mgf lghL egfO, ljkIfLsf
ts{x¿sf] v08g / lgisif{nfO{ leGg leGg cg'R5]bdf n]Vg' kb{5 .

jfbljjfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–!

5f]/LnfO{ c+z xf]Og lzIff -kIf_

>¢]o ;efklt dxf]bo, k|d'v cltly, cltly, lg0ff{osx¿, pkl:yt dxfg'efjx¿ tyf d]/f k|ltikwL{ ldqx¿ Û
hghfu[lt o'jf Snasf] k|yd jflif{sLsf] z'e pknIodf cfof]lht r]tgfd"ns ljifodf x'g uO/x]sf]
æ5f]/LnfO{ c+z ls lzIffÆ ljifos o; jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutfdf >L /fli6«o dfWolds ljBfno,
yf]uf{, u'NdLsf] tkm{af6 ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ kfPsf]df dnfO{ cToGt v';L nfu]sf] 5 . ca d
ljifosf] kIfaf6 cfk\mgf] egfO k|:t't ug]{ cg'dlt rfxG5' .

;efklt dxf]bo,
;a} ;Gtfg, x'G5g\ ;dfg . olb cfkm}n] hGdfPsf ;Gtfg 5f]/f–5f]/LnfO{ klg ;dfg b]lvFb}g
/ ;dfg Jojxf/ ul/Fb}g eg] oL d]/f ;Gtfg x'g\ eGg] clwsf/ klg /xFb}g . z/L/sf ;a}
cª\usf] ;DaGw lbdfu;Fu x'G5 . ;a} cª\usf gzfx¿ lbdfudf uP/ s]Gb|Ls[t ePh:t}
cfk\mgf ;a} ;Gtfgsf] ;DaGw klg dftflktf;Fu ufFl;Psf] x'G5 . of] k|Zg 5f]/fk|lt s:tf] /
 5f]/Lk|lt s:tf]sf] xf]Og, of] k|Zg t cfkm}n] hGdfPsf ;Gtfgk|lt s:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ eGg]
xf] . xfdLaf6 hlGdbf ;Gtfg hlGdG5g\ . ;Gtfg eg]sf] 5f]/f] jf 5f]/L xf]Og, b'j} x'g\ t/
hlGd;s]kl5 5f]/f / 5f]/L eg]/ lje]b u5f}{F . of] s:tf] Gofo xf] < xfdL cfk\mgf]
;Dk"0f{ ;DklQsf] xsbf/ 5f]/fnfO{ agfpF5f}F, lsg < 5f]/Ln] clnslt ;xof]u rflxP klg
cfdf–a'jf;Fu levf/Ln] h:tf] xft k;fg'{ kg]{ lsg < lsg 5f]/LnfO{ ;Gtfgsf] xs–clwsf/af6
jl~rt ul/G5 < lsgeg] 5f]/L lax] u/]kl5 csf{sf] 3/df hfG5], pm 5f]/L xf], To;}n] 5f]/fn]
h:tf] s]xL sfd ug{ ;lSbg . 5f]/f eg]sf] a"9];sfnsf] ;xf/f xf], d/]kl5 sfh–sd{ u5{, lk08
lbG5 . 5f]/f] ;w}F ;fydf /xG5, a'xf/L NofpF5 . 5f]/f–a'xf/Lsf] ;]jf / dfofdf a"9];sfn
cfgGbn] latfpg ;lsG5 . of] ;/f;/ e|d xf] . olb cfk"m;Fu ePe/sf] ;DklQ 5f]/fnfO{ lbOG5
eg] p;n] olt ug'{ s] 7"nf] s'/f eof] / < olb s'g} u/La, cgfy / c;xfo afnsnfO{ kfn]/ To;sf]
s]xL c+z dfq} lbOof] eg] klg p;n] 5f]/fn] ug]{eGbf bzu'gf a9L ;]jf u5{ / TolQ g} dfof
klg .
s'/f k|j[lQ / b[li6sf]0fsf] xf], Jojxf/sf] xf] . cfh slt j[¢j[¢f cfdfx¿ tftf] kfgL klg vfg
gkfP/ PSnf] / c;xfo hLjg latfpg jfWo ePsf 5g\ . 5f]/fsf] a]jf:tf, a'xf/Lsf] srsr / cfk\mgf]
c;Qmtfsf] aLrdf si6s/ hLjg latfO{ /x]sf tL cfdf–a'jfnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\, pgLx¿ slt k5'tfO{
/x]sf 5g\ . 5f]/L csf{sf] 3/df uP/ klt, ;f;", ;;'/f, gGb, cfdfh", b]j/, h]7fh" 5f]/f5f]/L,
sfdsfh, ;dfh cflb ;a}k|ltsf] st{Jo k"/f u/]/ klg cfk"mnfO{ hGd lbg] cfdf–a'jfk|ltsf]
bfloTjnfO{ la;]{sL x'Flbg . cfdf–a'jf la/fdL ePsf] yfxf kfO{ ls dfOtL xfd kmfN5] . t/
5f]/fn] To;f] u/]sf] 5 < u5{ eGg] nfU5 < cxF, dnfO{ t k6Ss} ljZjf; nfUb}g lsgeg]
bfloTj k"/f u/]klg gu/] klg k'Vof}{nL ;DklQ p;n] kfOxfN5 Sof/] . d/L xfn] eg]
sfhlqmof rflxF ul/lbg' k5{ dfq . xfd|f] sfg'g, ;fdflhs k/Dk/f, wfld{s dfGotf / Jojxf/n]
oxL b]vfPsf] 5 . cfh oxL sf/0fn] s}of}F j[¢ dftf–lktfsf] larNnL ePsf] 5, c;xfo ePsf
5g\ . t;y{M 5f]/L klg ;Gtfg x'g\, pgLx¿n] klg ;Gtfgsf] ;dfg xs–clwsf/ kfpg' k5{ . c+z
kfpg' k5{ .

;efklt dxf]bo,
5f]/Ln] c+z kfpg' k5{ eGb}df 5f]/LnfO{ lnnfdLsf] j:t' agfpg' k5{ eGg] cfzo d]/f]
xf]Og . æ5f]/LnfO{ c+zÆ ljifoleq ;dfg xs–clwsf/sf] efjgf k|ltlalDat ePsf] 5 . e]befj
gu/f}F, Go"g d"Nof°g gu/f}F . b'j} xfd|f ;Gtfg x'g\, b'j}nfO{ xfdLn] hGd lbPsf xf}F
eg] b'j}sf] ;x–cl:tTjsf] ;Ddfg ug{ l;sf}F . o:tf] ;dfg Jojxf/leq lzIff, :jf:Yo, tflnd, cj;/
cflb ;a} s'/f kb{5g\ . oL ;a} s'/fsf] ljt/0fdf 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf e]befj gu/f}F eGg] d]/f]
xflb{s cfu|x xf] .
k"j{jQmf ldqn] å]w :jfldTjsf] sfg'gL jsfnt ug'{eof] . sfg'g O{Zj/lnlvt xf]Og . Tof] klg
xfdL h:t} dflg;n] n]v]sf] xf] . ha xfd|f] efjgf, ljrf/, dg, dl:tis / ;f]r g} unt 5 eg] xfdLn]
agfpg] sfg'g s:tf] xf]nf < csf{ ldqn] Jojxfl/s sl7gfO{sf] k|;ª\u p7fpg' eof] . of] eg] cjZo
;f]rgLo ljifo xf] t/ xfdL ;a}n] cfk\mgf ;Gtfgk|ltsf] ;dfg bfloTjsf] st{Jo–af]w u¥of}F
 eg] Jojxfl/s sl7gfO{ ;dfKt eP/ hfG5 . k/Dk/fsf] yfngL xfdLaf6} ePsf] xf] / o;sf]
;d;fdlos kl/jt{g klg xfdL cfkm}n] ug{ ;S5f}F .
cGTodf 5f]/f–5f]/L b'j} xfd|f ;Gtfg x'g\ . tL b'j}sf] xfdLk|lt ;dfg bfloTj–af]w 5 eg]
xfdLn] 5f]/f–5f]/L eg] lje]b ug'{ ck/fw xf], kfk xf] . o;y{M cfhsf xfdL ;r]t dftf–lktfn]
5f]/LnfO{ c+z lbg'df s'g} s~h':ofO{+ gu/f}F, 5f]/LnfO{ klg of] d]/f] 3/ eGg] xs /
clwsf/ b]pmFeGb} cfk\mgf] egfO oxL 6'ª\UofpF5' . wGojfb Û

jfbljjfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–@

5f]/LnfO{ c+z xf]Og lzIff -ljkIf_

lbPsf] lnP/ s]xL x'Gg, cfkm} lnP xhf/ x'G5
æxftsf] d}nf, ;'gsf] y}nfÆ lzIff eP ;a} k'U5 .

sfo{qmdsf >¢]o ;efklt dxf]bo, k|d'v cltly, cltly, xfd|f] tfls{s cleJolQmnfO{ af}l¢stfsf] t/fh'df
tf}lng a:g' ePsf lg0ff{o ;b:ox¿, sfo{qmdsf cfof]hs, pkl:yt dxfg'efjx¿, d]/f k|ltikwL{ ldqx¿ tyf
bfh'efO, lbbLalxgLx¿ Û
lbgx'F k5fl8 kb}{ uPsf / cj;/af6 jl~rt x'Fb} uO/x]sf 5f]/Lx¿sf] xs / clwsf/sf] ;
+/If0f / ;Da¢{gdf ;xfosl;¢ x'g] æ5f]/LnfO{ c+zÆ h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf x'g uO/x]sf]
o; jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf x]t' d cfof]hsk|lt xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . d ljifosf]
ljkIfdf cyf{t\ æ5f]/LnfO{ lzIffÆ sf] ljifodf cfk\mgf ts{x¿ kl:sg] cg'dlt rfxG5' .
;efklt dxf]bo,
xfdL Psflt/ 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf ;dfg clwsf/sf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}F eg] csf]{lt/ 5f]/LnfO{ s]jn
lzIffdfq eg]/ km]l/ pgLx¿sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;ª\s'lrt ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}F . ljifosf] cfzo
s]jn lzIff dfq xf]Og, ;dfg clwsf/sf] xf] . 5f]/fnfO{ /fd|f / dxFuf :s'n vf]hL–vf]hL
k9fpg], k9\g} g;Sg] / sdhf]/ eP 3/}df 6\o'zg /flvlbg] t/ 5f]/LnfO{ …csf{sf] 3/df hfg]
hft, lsg k9fpg]Ú eg]/ lzIffsf] pHofnf] k|sfzaf6 jl~rt u/fO{ /fv]sf 5f}F . olb nfhsfh
k9fO{ xfn] klg ;:tf] / ;fdfGo :s'ndf egf{ ul/lbG5f}F . 5f]/Ln] k9\g ;lsg / k]mn
eO{ eg] :s'n} 5'6fO{ lbG5f}F . xfd|f] ;dfhsf] h'g e]befj / c;dfgk"0f{ Jojxf/ 5 d]/f]
ljrf/df Tof] kfk xf], ck/fw xf] . 5f]/f–5f]/Ldf n}lª\us c;dfgtfjfx]s cGo s'g} s'/fdf klg
km/s 5}g . 5f]/fn] ug{ ;Sg] x/]s sfd 5f]/Ln] klg ug{ ;Sb5g\ . b'uf{, nIdL, ;/:jtL, sfnL,
dxfsfnL h:tf gf/Lx¿n] k'?ifx¿n] ug{ g;s]sf dxfg\ sfo{x¿ u/]sf] s'/f wfld{s syfx¿df j0f{g
ul/Psf] 5 . s}of}F gf/Lx¿ o'¢sf] d}bfgdf uh]{sf] Oltxf; klg ;fob xfdLn] k9]s} x'g'k5{ .
kfOn6 ag]/ cfsfzdf hxfh p8fPsf], cGtl/IfofqLsf ¿kdf cGtl/Ifdf uP/ gofF /]s8{ sfod
u/]sf], x/]s ;fxl;s sfo{x¿df gf/Lx¿n] ;kmntf kfPsf] tYo ;fob xfdL ;a}n] k9]sf xf}Fnf,
yfxf kfPs} xf}Fnf<
 dnfO{ cfZro{ nfU5 . gf/L slt dxfg\ 5g\ ;of}F lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ;xh¿kdf Ps}k6s lgjf{x
ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ . cfdf aGg ;S5g\, wfO{ aGg ;S5g\, kTgL aGg ;S5g\,, sd{rf/L, 8fS6/, g;{,
k'ln;, ;}lgs, ;dfh;]jL, g]t[, kfOn6, Ol~hlgo/, cGtl/IfofqL, j}1flgs, cfljisf/s cflb ;a}
aGg ;S5g\ . dfq gf/LnfO{ dxfg\ gf/L agfpg 5f]/LnfO{ lzIff, cj;/ / tflnd lbg'xf];\ . x/]s
cfdfa'jf 5f]/fnfO{ h]–h:tf] agfpg rfxG5g\ / h]–h:tf] cj;/ lbG5g\ dfq 5f]/LnfO{ klg 5f]/f
g} 7fg]/ ltg} cj;/ lbg'xf];\, s;d 5, tkfO{+sL 5f]/L ;+;f/s} dxfg\ gf/L aGg ;lS5g\ . lsgeg]
gf/Lsf] lbdfu k'?ifsf] eGbf a9L tLI0f / ;sf/fTds x'G5 egL j}1flgsx¿n] klg k|dfl0ft
ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
;efklt dxf]bo,
h;sf] lxtsf] lgldQ xfdL jsfnt ub}{ 5f}F jf p;sf xs / clwsf/sf s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}F ltg}
5f]/Lx¿nfO{ c+z lbg'k5{ eg]/ s'ln{/x]sf 5f}F . csf{n] sdfPsf] wg k|ultsf] afws xf],
Oiof{ / å]ifsf] sf/s xf], nf]e / nfnrsf] pkh xf] . t'R5 k'Vof}{nL ;DklQdf /fn sf9\g]x¿ cfh
dfgj Oltxf;af6 x/fP/ uPsf 5g\ eg] cfk\mg} kf}/vdf afFRg]x¿n] Oltxf; agfPsf 5g\ . o:tf]
t'R5 c+z lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;do v]/ kmfNg' eg]sf] 5f]/Lx¿df ePsf] Ifdtf / ;fYo{sf]
ckdfg ug'{ xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 . lzIff To:tf] Hof]lt xf], h;n] ofqfdf b]lvg]
cFWof/f]sf] gfz u/L uGtJo klxNofpgdf d2t ub{5 . lzIff To:tf] zlQm / ;fdYo{ xf], h;n]
uGtJodf k'Ugsf nflu an k|bfg ub{5 . lzIff To:tf] ;Lk / z}nL xf], h;n] dflg;nfO{ c;n
agfpgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 . lzIff nf]e, nfnr, Oiof{, å]if, j}dg:otf / ;ª\s'lrt ljrf/af6 w]/}
6f9f x'G5 . lzIffn] vx/] vf]nfnfO{ ;d'b| agfpF5 . o:tf] lzIffsf] dxTj ga'em]/ c+zsf] jsfnt
ug'{ lzIffdflysf] ckdfg xf] .
5f]/LnfO{ c+z lbg}k5{ eGg] s'/fx¿ w]/} p7], k|dfl0ft ug{ klg vf]lhP . 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf
x/]s s'/fdf ;dfg ljt/0fsf] s'/f ha xfdL ub}{ 5f}F eg] c+z glbg' eGg] d]/f] cfzo xf]Og t/
c+z lbP/ lzIff, tflnd / cj;/af6 jl~rt ul/G5 eg] Tof] 5f]/Ldfly 7"nf] 3ft x'G5, cGofo
x'G5 . 7Ls} 5, c+z glbg'xf];\ t/ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff lbg'xf];\, tflnd / cj;/ lbg'xf];\ . To:tf]
wg;DklQ t 5f]/L cfkm}n] klg sdfpg ;Sb5g\ .
7"nf] s'/f ;'/lIft eljio xf] . c+zn] g t 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ g t 5f]/fx¿nfO{ g} ;'/lIft eljio lbG5 .
To;}n] d eG5', 5f]/LnfO{ c+zdf /fn sf9\g] nf]eL gagfcf}F, lzIffsf] pHofnf] Hof]ltaf6
p;nfO{ ;';lHht agfcf}F, p;n] tkfO{Fx¿sf] gfd, OHht, dfg, k|lti7f / oznfO{ r'nLdf
k'¥ofO{ lbG5] . wGojfb Û

^= cg'R5]b

cg'R5]b eg]sf] s] xf] <

cg'R5]b eg]sf] s'g} klg ljifo jf zLif{sdf s]Gb|Lt eP/ Ps} k|jfxdf n]lvg] ljrf/ jf
jfSo;d"xsf] ;ª\u7g xf] . o:tf] cg'R5]bdf ljifo jf zLif{snfO{ b'O{ jf w]/} jfSodf k'li6
ul/G5 . Jojxfl/s cg'R5]bn]vgsf ;Gbe{df s'g} ljifo jf zLif{snfO{ k'li6 ug]{ u/L cleJoQm
 ul/g] ljrf/, wf/0ff jf efjsf] ;ª\lIfKt n]vg tyf To; ;DaGwL jfSox¿sf] Pp6f ;d"x eGg]
a'lemG5 .

cg'R5]b s;/L n]Vg] <

!= z'¿df zLif{s n]Vg'k5{ .
@= g]kfnLdf cg'R5]b n]Vbf z'¿df jfofFlt/ clnslt vfnL 7fpF
5f]8\g' /fd|f] dflgG5 .
#= zLif{s jfSoaf6 cg'R5]b n]Vg z'¿ ug'{k5{ .
$= zLif{s jfSonfO{ To;kl5sf jfSox¿n] k'li6 ug'{k5{ .
%= cg'R5]bsf] clGtddf jf clGtd jfSodf lgrf]8 n]Vg'k5{ .
^= cg'R5]bsf] efiffz}nL, jfSou7g / zAb;+of]hgdf ;/ntf /
snfTds ;'Gb/tf x'g' /fd|f] dflgG5 .

cg'R5]bn]vgsf] gd'gf–!

b]z–ljsf;df o'jfju{sf] e"ldsf

b]z–ljsf;df o'jfju{sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . o'jf eg]sf hf]z / hfFu/sf k|tLs x'g\ .
pgLx¿n] cfh{g u/]sf] 1fg, a'l¢ / ;Lk g} b]zsf] zlQm xf], ljsf;sf nflu phf{ xf] . To;sf]
;d'lrt k|of]u x'g ;Sof] eg] dfq} b]zljsf; ;Dej x'G5 . o;}sf/0f klg o'jfju{nfO{ b]zsf] vDaf
elgPsf] xf] . cem} eGg] xf] eg] o'jfju{ eg]sf] r]tgfzlQm ePsf] hfu¿s ;d"x xf] h;df :ki6
nIo / cu|ufdL ;f]r x'G5 . k|ultzLn ljrf/af6 k|]l/t eO{ pGglt / k|ultsf] ofqfdf k|jflxt
o'jfju{n] g} b]z–ljsf;df cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sb5g\ t/ o;sf nflu /fi6«jfbL lrGtg,
b]z–elQmsf] efjgf, ;sf/fTds ;f]r / nugzLntf x'g' h¿/L x'G5 . cfhsf] b]z o'jfju{s} sfFwdf
lge{/ /x]sf] 5 . cToGt sl7g Pj+ /fhgLlt / ljsf;sf] ;ª\qmd0f cj:yfdf /x]sf] cfhsf] g]kfndf
:yfoL zflGt sfod u/L b]znfO{ k|ult / pGgltsf] lzv/df k'¥ofpg o'jfju{sf]
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 .

cg'R5]bn]vgsf] gd'gf–@

ljBfnozflGt If]q

b]zsf s0f{wf/ Pj+ b]zlgdf{0fsf nflu ;Ifd / bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ dxfg\ p2]Zodf
lqmofzLn ljBfno zflGt If]q 3f]lfift ul/g'k5{ eGg] cfd /fo /x]sf] kfOG5 . /fhgLltaf6
k"0f{tM cnu ad, uf]nf, af¿b / aGb'ssf] eoaf6 d'Qm ljBfnon] dfq u'0f:t/Lo lzIff
lbO{ b]zsf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;df rflxg] bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ ;Sb5 . o;y{M b]zsf] bIf
 hgzlQm pTkfbgdf ;dlk{t ljBfnonfO{ ljb|f]xLsf] cv8f, ;}lgs Jof/]s / /fhgLlts qmL8f:yn
agfpg' x'Fb}g . b]zsf] eljio eg]sf g} cfhsf afnaflnsf x'g\, ljBfyL{ x'g\ . cfhsf afnaflnsf
tyf ljBfyL{nfO{ lbOg] u'0f:t/Lo lzIffn] g} ef]ln b]z–ljsf;sf nflu rflxg] cfjZostf
kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;Sb5 . o:tf] hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ dxfofqfdf ;dlk{t ljBfnonfO{ /fhgLlts
qmL8f:yn agfOG5 / ljBfyL{ tyf lzIfsx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts kf6L{sf k'R5/ aGg k|]l/t ul/G5
tyf aGb, x8tfn, gf/f, h'n'; cflbaf6 o;nfO{ k|efljt ul/G5 eg] gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f
cleofg ;kmn / ;fy{s x'g ;Sb}g . eo, cftª\s / /fhgLltaf6 d'Qm zfGt jftfj/0faf6 g}
ljBfyL{n] lgw{Ss eP/ n]Vg, k9\g ;S5g\ / lzIfsn] klg eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf k9fpg ;S5g\ .
t;y{M o:tf] z}lIfs jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]q 3f]lift ul/g'k5{ Pj+ zflGt
If]q agfOg'k5{ .
cg'R5]bn]vgsf] gd'gf–#

gofFlaxfgL dnfO{ Ao'FemfpFb} 5

xf], gofF laxfgL dnfO{ Ao'FemfpFb} e'mlNsPsf] 5 . ;"of]{bosf] k|;j j]bgfsf]

kL8faf6 /ftf] ePsf] lIflthsf] d'xf/df crfgs} v';L 5fPsf] 5, x[boel/ cgluGtL v';L / cfgGbsf
cg'e"ltx¿ 5rlNsPsf 5g\, ;'Gb/ eljiosf dgf]/d sNkgfx¿ ;NanfPsf 5g\, ;"o{ ;d'Ggt eljiosf]
gjlgdf{0fdf nlDs/x]sf 5g\ . ljutsf] k|;j j]bgfnfO{ la;]{/ lIflth uGtJodf k|jfxdfg ;"o{nfO{
x]l//x]sL l5g\ . ;"o{ sfnf] afbnnfO{ lrb}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . d ;"o{sf] ult k5\ofpg]
sf]l;;df w/tLdf ef}Ftfl/Psf] 5' . lIflth ;'sf]dn sNkgfdf d':sfPsL l5g\ . d]/f lgis[o dgdl:tis
Ao'FlemFb} 5g\ . gofF laxfgL dnfO{ Ao'FemfpFb} 5 .

&= a'Fbfl6kf]6
a'Fbfl6kf]6 eg]sf] s] xf] <
s'g} klg syg jf lnvtsf d'Vod'Vo s'/f klxNofP/ ;ª\VofTds jf a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vg' g} a'Fbfl6kf]6
xf] . o:tf] n]vgnfO{ a'FbfTds n]vg klg elgG5 . o; lsl;dsf] a'FbfTds n]vg lnlvt / df}lvs clg
cfGtl/s / afXo u/L rf/ lsl;dsf] x'G5 . s;}sf] efif0f, k|jrgsf] ;f/ jf efj l6Kg' k¥of] jf s'g} lstfa tyf
n]v, lgaGw cflbsf] ;f/ jf efj a'e\mg' k¥of] tyf k'gn]{vg ug'{ kbf{ a'Fbfl6kf]6 ug'{ cToGt /fd|f]
x'G5 .

!= n]lvPsf k':ts, kqklqsf cflbaf6 a'Fbfl6kf]6 ug'{ lnlvt xf] .

@= jQmfn] af]n]sf s'/faf6 l6Kg' df}lvs xf] .
#= lnlvt jf df}lvs s'/fx¿ ;'g]/ jf k9]/ a'Fbfl6kf]6 ug'{ jfXo xf] .
$= cfkm}n] ;f]r]sf tyf cg'ej u/]sf s'/fx¿ l6Kg' cfGtl/s xf] .
-k/LIffsf b[li6n] eg] lnlvt ;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df lnlvt ¿kd} a'Fbfl6kf]6 ul/G5 ._
;fdfGotM o;sf] k|of]u lgDg k|of]hgsf lglDt ul/G5 M
!_ cfk"mn] k9]sf, ;'g]sf / cg'ej u/]sf s'/fx¿ ;'/lIft /fVg .
@_ n]Vg] ulteGbf af]Ng] ult tLa| x'g] x'Fbf / jQmfn] af]n]sf ;a} s'/f l6Kg ufx|f]
x'g] ePsfn] d"ne"t s'/f l6k]/ kl5 ;a} s'/f ;Demg .
#_ s'g} lnlvt jf df}lvscleJolQmsf d'Vo / uf}0f s'/f 5'6\6\ofpg] cEof; ug{ .
$_ cfk"mn] s'g} n]v, /rgf, k':ts cflb n]vgsfo{sf nflu k"j{of]hgf agfpg .

a'Fbfl6kf]6 s;/L ug]{ <

!_ a'Fbfl6kf]6sf lglDt lgwf{l/t cg'R5]b jf syg b'O{ tLgk6s jf /fd|/L ga'em];Dd
k9\g'k5{ .
@_ d"ne"t s'/f jf a'Fbf 7Dofpg'k5{ .
#_ d"ne"t a'Fbfx¿ v];|fsf] ¿kdf l6Kg'k5{ .
$_ v];|fsf] ¿kdf l6Kg'k"j{ lnlvt ;fdu|L 5 eg] d"n efj jf dxTjk"0f{ cy{ cfpg] jfSo
jf jfSof+zdf /]vª\sg ug'{k5{ .
%_ cGTodf pko'{Qm v];|fs]f pkof]u u/L qmda4, ;ª\lIfKt / Go"gtd ;ª\Vofdf a"Fbf
agfO{ ;fkmL ug'{k5{ .
%_ a'Fbfl6kf]6 ubf{ k"/f jf cw"/f h'g;'s} jfSodf klg l6Kg ;lsG5 t/ af]wuDo eg]
x'g'kb{5 .
^_ v];|f l6kf]6df d"ns} jfSo eP klg ;fkmL ubf{ jfSou7gdf df}lnstf x'g'kb{5 .
&_ v];|f l6kf]6df ePsf a'Fbfx¿nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ;ª\lIfKt agfpg ;lsG5 .

a'Fbfl6kf]6 n]vgsf] gd'gf–!

of]hgfa¢ ko{6g

xfdL ;f]R5f}+ ko{6g wgLx¿sf] akf}tL xf] . g]kfn 3'Dg cfpg] ;a} ljb]zLx¿ a]kQ} wgL
x'G5g\ . t/ oyfy{ 7\ofSs} ljk/Lt kf] x'Fbf]/x]5 . pRr / dWodjuL{o g]kfnL kl/jf/sf]
;DklQ g]kfn 3'Dg cfpg] ko{6ssf] eGbf k|foM a9L g} x'G5 . t/ klg ko{6g ltgLx¿sf]
hLjgsf] cleGg cª\uag]sf] 5 . ko{6gn] dflg;nfO{ hLjgsf ljleGg kIf a'‰g] / ljZn]if0f
ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 . Tolt w]/} k};fsf] cfjZostf klg kb}{g, e|d0f ug]{ b]z jf 7fpFsf]
k"j{cWoog u/]/ cfk"mn] Eofpg ;Sg] of]hgf agfpg] xf] eg] . t/ cfly{s x}l;otn] gEofpg]
 ofqf to ubf{ eg] Tof] xf:of:kb xf]Og, Ps tLtf] cg'ej g} aGg hfg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . d}n]
e]6]hltsf cd]l/sLx¿n] d]/f] ofqfsf] lv;L ug'{ k5fl8sf] sf/0f klgoxL lyof] .

a'Fbfl6kf]6 M
!= ko{6gdf hfg] ko{6s wgLh:tf b]lvP klg To:tf] gx'g',
@= sltko ljb]zL ko{6seGbf g]kfnL wgL x'g',
#= ko{6g hLjgsf] cfjZos / cleGg cª\u x'g',
$= ko{6gaf6 w]/} s'/f l;Sg] / a'‰g] cj;/ k|fKt x'g',
%= ko{6gdf hfgk"j{ hfg] 7fpFsf ljljw kIfx¿af/] hfgsf/L lnO{ of]hgf
agfpg'kg]{,
^= cfly{s cj:yfn] Eofpg] u/L hfg] 7fpF / vr{sf] of]hgf agfpg'kg]{,
&= cd]l/sfsf] ko{6gdf hfg] g]kfnL ko{6sk|lt cd]l/sLx¿sf] b[li6sf]0f,

a'Fbfl6kf]6 n]vgsf] gd'gf–@

;'zf;gsf nflu O{–ueg]{G;

;'zf;gdf hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf / ;xeflutf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . oL tLg If]qdf ;'wf/ ug{ y'k|}
k|of; eP . s]xL ;do otf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 ;'zf;gk|a¢{gsf nflu O{–ueg]{G;
sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . O{–ueg]{G; eGgfn] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 ;/sf/sf
sfdsf/jfxL l56f], 5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L agfpg'sf ;fy} o;nfO{ kf/bzL{ / e|i6frf/d'Qm agfpg' xf]
. O{–ueg]{G;af6 b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yfdf hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfsf] klg kl/sNkgf ul/Psf]
x'G5 .

a'Fbfl6kf]6 M
!= ;'zf;gsf nflu kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / ;xeflutf,
@= ;'zf;g / ;'wf/sf nflu O{–ueg]{G;sf] ljsf;,
#= ;/sf/sf sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ hg;dIf Nofpg] dfWod O{–ueg]{G;,
$= e|i6frf/d'Qm / l56f]5l/tf] ;]jfsf nflu O{–ueg]{G;,
%= zf;gJoj:yfdf hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfsf] dfWod,

a'Fbfl6kf]6 n]vgsf] gd'gf–#

;x/L vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of

 d'n'sdf u|fdL0f kfgL Joj:yfkg t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;kmn / pbfx/0fLo eP klg ;x/L kfgL
Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ePsf gbLgfnf, tfntn}of ;a} vfgsf nflu of]Uo agfpg
d'l:sn x'g] u/L k|b"lift aGb} uPsf 5g\ . kfgL ;+/If0f sfo{ x'g} ;s]sf] 5}g . sf7df8f}Fsf
k/Dk/fut 9'ª\u]wf/fsf] ;+j¢{gn] nfvf}F hg;ª\Vofsf] dfu k"/f ug{ ;Sb}g . sf7df8f}Fdf
kfgLsf] r'xfj6 rfnL; k|ltzt 5 . o;nfO{ sd ug]{ ljleGg of]hgf ;kmn x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o:tf]
l:yltdf uDeL/tfk"j{s vfg]kfgL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo vf]lhg' cTofjZos eO;s]sf] 5 .

a'Fbfl6kf]6 M
!= u|fdL0f vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yfkg x'g ;s] klg ;x/L vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L gx'g',
@= ePsf tfntn}of, 9'ª\u]wf/f cflb vfgsf nflu cof]Uo x'g]u/L k|b"lift x'g',
#= rf/ dlxgf;Dd jif{ftsf] kfgL pknAw eP klg To;sf] pkof]lutfsf] of]hgf aGg g;Sg',
$= s]jn 9'ª\u]wf/f / tfntn}ofsf] ;+/If0fn] ;Dk"0f{ cfjZostf k"/f ug{ g;Sg',
%= sf7df8f}Fdf ePsf] rfnL; k|ltzt kfgLsf] r'xfj6 /f]Sg] sfo{df k|of;
gul/g' Pj+ ;kmntf k|fKt gx'g',
^= vfg]kfgLsf] lbuf] ;dfwfgsf nflu k|efjsf/L pkfo vf]lhg'kg]{,

*= ;ª\If]kLs/0f
;ª\If]kLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
;ª\If]kLs/0fsf] cy{ ;ª\lIfKt jf 5f]6f] agfpg' xf] . o; b[li6n] cfk"mn] k9]sf, ;'g]sf jf ;f]r]sf
s'/fx¿nfO{ ;ª\lIfKt ¿kdf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ JoQm ug'{ jf n]Vg' ;ª\If]kLs/0f xf] . Jojxfl/s sf]0faf6
x]bf{ s'g} lnlvt ;fdu|L jf sygsf vf;vf; s'/f 5'§ofO{ To; sygsf] clek|fo 5f]6s/Ldf JoQm ug'{ g}
;ª\If]kLs/0f xf] . o;sf lglDt ;f/f+z, dha"g,t]l/h h:tf zAb klg k|rlnt 5g\ . a'Fbfl6kf]6df klg ;ª\lIfKt
kfg]{ sfd x'G5 t/ oL b'a}df km/s kfOG5 . a'Fbfl6kf]6df jfSox¿sf aLrdf efjfTds, cyf{Tds Pj+
;ª\u7gfTds cGt;{DaGw x'Fb}g . tL jfSox¿ 5'§f5'§} PsfOsf ¿kdf x'G5g\ . o;sf] ljk/Lt
;ª\If]kLs/0f sygfTds x'G5 / jfSox¿ cy{ / ;ª\u7gsf cfwf/df Pp6} x'G5g\ . ;ª\If]kLs/0f lgDg k|
of]hgsf lglDt ul/G5 .
!_ k/LIffdf ;f]lwPsf ;ª\If]kLs/0f ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg,
@_ Pp6f kqsf/n] klqsfdf 7fpFsf] cefjsf sf/0fn] lbOPsf] ;a} ;fdu|L
5fKg ;Sb}g . t;y{M To:tf ;fdu|LnfO{ ;+ZnLi6 u/L n]Vg,
#_ k/LIffdf ;f]lwPsf jf ;f]lwg] s'g} klg k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ yf]/} zAbdf
efjo'Qm Pj+ uxg agfpg,
$_ lj:t[t tyf 7"nf cfsf/sf kf7\o–;fdu|LnfO{ yf]/} ;dodf k9\g / w]/} a'‰g–
a'emfpg,
%_ dxTjk"0f{ ;dosf] jrt ug{ tyf efjo'Qm uxg n]vgsnfsf] ljsf; ug{,
;ª\If]kLs/0f s;/L ug]{ <
!_ ;ª\If]kLs/0f ul/Psf] c+z nueu PsltxfO x'g'k5{ . Psb'O{ zAb otfptf ePdf km/s kb}{g .
@_syg 5f]6f] 5 eg] ug]/ klg PsltxfOsf] lx;fa ug{ ;lsG5 t/ nfdf] sygsf zAbx¿ ug]/ ;fWo
x'Fb}g . o;}n] kª\lQm–;ª\VofnfO{ Pskª\lQmsf] zAb;ª\Vofn] u'0fg ubf{ h]–hlt cfpF5
To;nfO{ tLgn] efu ubf{ cfPsf] efukmn PsltxfO x'G5 .
#_ o;/L cg'R5]bdf ePsf zAbx¿ / ;ª\If]kLs/0f u/L cfPsf zAbx¿ cg'R5]bsf] l;/fgdf jf k'5f/df eP
klg pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .
$_ ;ª\If]kLs/0f ug{ yfNg'eGbf klxnf d"nsygnfO{ /fd|f]l;t a'‰g]u/L b'O{tLg k6s;Dd
k9\g'kb{5 .
%_ d"n s'/f jf efjnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg] jf lj:tf/ ug]{ kbx¿nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ x6fpg'k5{ .
^_ ;ª\If]kLs/0f ubf{ ;dflksfnfO{ c;dflksfdf abNg], ;d:t zAbsf] k|of]u ug]{, jfSonfO{ kb tyf
kbfjnLdf abNg] tyf jfSo;+Zn]if0f k|lqmofsf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
&_ cg'R5]bdf ePsf d"n s'/fx¿ jf efjo'Qm uxg jfSo jf jfSof+zdf /]vfª\sg u/L ltgnfO{ cGoq
l6k]/ v];|f ug'{k5{ / pQm l6lkPsf] ;fdu|LnfO{ l;nl;nf ldnfO{ n]Vg'k5{ . ;fy}
Pst[tLof+z eP gePsf] klg x]g'{k5{ .
*_ v];|f l6kf]6, v];|f ;ª\If]kLs/0f / ;fkmL ;ª\If]kLs/0f u/L ;ª\If]kLs/0f tLg r/0fdf ul/G5 . t/
k/LIffdf ;don] gEofpg] cj:yf 5 eg] ;fkmL g} ubf{ klg x'G5 .
(_ ;ª\If]kLs/0fsf] zLif{s lbg' clgjfo{ x'G5 .

;ª\If]kLs/0fsf] gd'gf–!

:s'nsf lstfasf nflu kf]v/fdf Pp6f e]nf eof] . Pp6f lstfasf] d"No Ps ;o lyof] . lstfa nufpg] ;xdlt
eof] . e]nfkl5 kf6L{ rNof] . w]/} lk|lG;kn ef]hdf d:t eP . z}lIfs;q cfpg] a]nfdf ToxL lstfasf]
d"No Ps ;o krf; eP/ uof] . lk|lG;kn hª\luP . k|sfzgdf kmf]g u/] . k|sfzg u[xn] pQ/ lbof], æcl:t
vfPsf] kf6L{sf] k};f d}n] ltg]{ xf] / < Æw]/} d"Nosf sf/0f ljBfyL{ dsf{df k/], cleefjs 7luP .
:s'n] lstfa nufpgs} nflu s]xL ;do cl3 sf7df8f}Fsf] cGgk"0f{ xf]6]ndf Pp6f k|sfzg u[xn] klg
To:t} kf6L{ u/]sf] lyof] .

v];|f a'Fbfl6kf]6 M
!= kf7\oqmd /fVg bjfj lbg] p2]Zon] lk|lG;knx¿sf nflu ef]hsf] cfof]hgf ul/g',
@= ;a}sf] ;Nnfx / ;xdltdf Ps ;o d"Nosf] Pp6f lstfa /fVg] lg0f{o
x'g',
#= kl5 ToxL lstfa :s'ndf cfpFbf Ps ;o krf; d"Nosf] x'g',
$= k|sfzgnfO{ k|Zg ubf{ ef]hdf ePsf] vr{ p7fpg egL 7f8f] pQ/ lbg',
%= o:tf] k|j[lQaf6 ljBfyL{, cleefjs ;a} dsf{df kg'{,
^= k|sfzssf] k|j[lQk|lt b'Mv nfUg',
;fkmL ;ª\If]kLs/0f M
hDdf zAb M &&
x'g'kg]{ zAb M @^
ePsf zAb M #)

k|sfzsx¿sf] dgf]dfgL
eJo ef]hsf] cfof]hgf u/L sd d"Nosf] lstfa b]vfP/ nufpg bjfa lbg] / nufO{ ;s]kl5ef]hsf]
vr{ ;d]t p7fpg egL d"No a9fpg] h:tf k|sfzg u[xsf dgf]dfgLn] ;/f]sf/jfnf
;a}nfO{{{ b'Mv nfu]sf] 5 .
;ª\If]kLs/0fsf] gd'gf–@

3/ ;fgf] ;+;f/ xf] . aflx/af6 hlt;'s} ylst eP/ kmls{P klg 3/n] ;a}nfO{ t/f]tfhf agfpF5 . of]
tfhfkg k|fKt ug{ kl/>d klg plQs} ug'{k5{ . 7"nf] dxn Pjd\ dxFuf] ;hfj6n] cfk\mgf]
cfdbfgLdf uj{ t xf]nf t/ To;n] ;w}Fel/ :yfoL v';L lbg ;Sb}g . :yfoL v';Lsf nflu k|To]s
;fdu|Laf6 k|To]s lbg tfhf cg'ej ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu tL ;fdu|LnfO{ ;hfpg] snf tyf ;do;Fu}
kl/jt{g e}/xg] 3/]n' km];gsf ;DaGwdf klg hfgsf/L /fVg'k5{ . dxFuf ;fdfg lsg]/ nfdf]
;do;Dd ;hfpg] km];g k'/fgf] rng ePsf] s'/f hfgsf/x¿ atfpF5g\ . clxn] ;:tf] t/ cfsif{s ;fdu|
Lsf] ;do cfPsf] 5 . To:tf ;fdu|LnfO{ plrt ¿kdf ;hfpg] km];g rn]sf] 5 . To;}n] 3/df s'g}
;fdu|L Nofpg'k"j{ ahf/df rn]sf] km];g Pj+ To;nfO{ ;hfpg] snfsf] hfgsf/L klg
/fVg'k5{ .

v];|f a'Fbfl6kf]6 M
!= 3/sf] ;'Gb/ / snfTds ;hfj6n] cfgGb / :k"mlt{ lbG5 .
@= ?lr, hfFu/ / cfjZos 1fgaf6 ul/g] ;hfj6n] 3/sf] zf]ef a9fpF5 .
#= dxFuf / :yfoL lsl;dsf] ;hfj6eGbf lbgx'F x'g] kl/jt{gcg';f/sf] ;hfj6 a9L pkof]uL x'G5 .
$= ;:tf / 3/]n' ;hfj6sf ;fdu|L k|of]un] k|To]s lbg gf}nf] v';L / cfgGb lbG5 .
%= cfhsf] o'u ;:tf] / km];gsf] o'u xf] .
^= s'g} ;fdfg lsGg' / k|of]u ug'{k"j{ ;hfj6 ;DaGwL hfgsf/L x'g' cfjZos x'G5 .

;fkmL ;ª\If]kLs/0f M
hDdf zAb M !)(
x'g'kg]{ zAb M #*
ePsf zAb M $@
3/sf] ;hfj6
 ;fgf] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ 3/sf]] snfTds Pj+ ;'Gb/ ;hfj6n] ylst dgdf v';L / cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt u/fpF5 .
dxFuf], :yfoL ;hfj6eGbf ;:tf], c:yfoL ;hfj6 a9L k|efjsf/L x'gfn] km];gdf cfpg] b}lgs
kl/jt{g;Fu} ;'xfpFbf], ;:tf] / km];g]jn snfTds ;hfj6 ;DaGwL cfjZos hfgsf/L ;a}df x'g'
h¿/L x'G5 .

;ª\If]kLs/0fsf] gd'gf–#

of] b]zsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f cª\u|]hLsf] pHofnf]n] u¥of], xhf/f}F sf]; 6f9f afn]sf] k|sfzsf]
;xf/fn] xfdL lxF8\g vf]lh/x]5f}F, af]Ng l;ls/x]5f}F, cf]8f/af6 kfvf lg:s]/ 8fF8flt/ x]b}{
5f}F, xfdLnfO{ oxL cª\u|]hLn] d"naf6f];Dd k'¥ofof], 1fgsf] ;'jfl;t k"mnaf/L;Dd
k'¥ofof], xfdLnfO{ 8fF8fdf r9]/ k/k/ x]g{ ;Sg] b[li6 lbnfof], ;+;f/sf] e"uf]n / Oltxf;sf]
1fg u/fof], ;Eotfsf] dxfg\ au}}Frfleq;Dd k'¥ofof] . ljut ;o jif{sf] Oltxf;leq hGd]sf,
k9]sf, a9]sf, ljZj b]v]sfof] /fi6«sf w/f]x/x¿ cª\u|]hLs} pHofnf]n] b[li6 kfPsf 5g\ . t/ cfh
of] ztfAbLof}F nfdf] bLksnfO{ /ftf]lbg x'/Ln] k'mSb} 5, cfFwL p7]/ a]nfa]nf
o;nfO{ ‰ofKk lgefpg vf]Hb} 5 , slt lgi7'/L eof}F xfdL . cem} o;n] 3/38]/L kfPg,
emf]k8L xfNg ;s]g, /f]tf]lbg n's]/ sfld/x]sf] 5, s'g lbg of] d'n'saf6 labf x'g'kg]{ xf] ls
eGg] eon] o;nfO{ slxNo} 5f8]g .

v];|f a'Fbfl6kf]6 M
!= g]kfnsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f xhf/f}Fsf]; 6f9f af]lng] cª\u|]hL efiffn] u/]sf],
@= cª\u|]hL efiffsf] dfWodaf6 g} xfdL k|ulttkm{ nlDsg vf]lh/x]sf,
#= cª\u|]hL efiffn] g} /fhgLlt, Oltxf;, e"uf]n, lj1fg cflbaf/] hfgsf/L lbPsf],
$= cª\u|]hL efiff hfg]sf / a'em]sfn] dfq ;+;f/ lrg]sf / a'em]sf,
%= cr]n ToxL cª\u|]hL efiff lgefpg vf]lhPsf],
^= cª\u|]hL efiff s'g lbg b]z 5f]8]/ efUg] xf] eGg] 8/ nfUg yfn]sf],

;fkmL ;ª\If]kLs/0f M
hDdf zAb M !!!
x'g'kg]{ zAb M #&
ePsf zAb M $^

cª\u|]hL efiff

xhf/f}Fsf]; 6f9f /x]/ klg cª\u|]hL efiffsf] k|sfzn] xfdLnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0ftkm{ pGd'v
u/fpFb} ljleGg ljifo;Fu kl/lrt u/fPsf] 5 . ljZjsf] ljsf;, ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt / ;f}Gbo{ b]Vg] /
 a'‰g] dfWod cª\u|]hL efiffdfly x'g] u/]sf] a]nfavtsf] k|xf/n] s'g} lbg of] b]zaf6} lano
x'g] xf] ls eGg] eo pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

(= ;+jfb
;+jfb s]nfO{ elgG5 <
Pp6} ljifodf s]lGb|t eP/ b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L JolQmsf aLrdf x'g] s'/fsfgLnfO{ g} …;+jfbÚ
elgG5 . o:tf] ;+jfb jf s'/fsfgL s'g} ljifo, k|;ª\u jf 36gf cflb;Fu ;DalGwt eP/ ul/G5 . x'g t
slxn]sfxLF ljifo / k|;ª\uljgf klg lj>[ª\vlnt ;+jfb x'g ;S5 . ljz]if u/L o:tf] ;+jfb s]6fs]6Lsf aLrdf
x'g]ub{5 . t/ ljifo ufDeLo{ / k/LIffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ul/g] jf n]lvg] ;+jfb ljifo, k|;ª\u jf 36gfdf cfa
¢ eO{ To;df b]lvPsf ;d:of, ltgsf] ;dfwfg, ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfx¿ cflbaf/] 5nkmn ub}
{ cGTodf Pp6f 7f]; lgisif{df k'Ug'kb{5 . ljBfyL{sf] af}l¢stf, tfls{stf / jfSk6'tfsf] k/LIf0fdf
o:tf] ;+jfbsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . t;y{M ;+jfbn]vgdf n]vsn] cfk"mjfx]s c¿ kfqsf] e"ldsf
klg cfkm} lgefpg'kg]{ x'gfn] ljifoj:t'af/] p;n] s]–slt a'em]sf] 5, ;d:ofsf] klxrfg / ;dfwfgsf
pkfoaf/] s:tf /fo k|:t't u/]sf] 5 / ljifoj:t'sf] ljZn]if0fdfp;sf] af}l¢stfsf] :t/ s:tf] 5 eGg] cflb s'/f
Pp6} kfqaf6 yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .

;+jfb s;/L n]lvG5 <

!_ ;j{k|yd ;+jfbsf nflu ;d;fdlos rrf{df /xsf] Pp6f ljifoj:t'sf] 5gf]6 u/L cfsif{s zLif{s lbg' kb{5,
@_To;kl5 hfthflt, ju{, If]q / lnª\u cflbsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L kfqx¿sf] 5gf]6 ug'{ kb{5,
#_ gf6sdf h:tf] kfqsf gfdx¿ b]a|]lt/ /fv]/ ltgLx¿n] af]n]sf s'/fx¿ k|ToIf sygsf ¿kdf bflxg]lt/
n]Vg' kb{5,
$_ ;+jfbsf] kl/j]z, pgLx¿n] k|s6 ug]{ xfpefp / r]i6fx¿sf] pNn]v sf]i7sleq pNn]v ug'{ kb{5,
%_ ;+jfb ;ª\lIfKt eOsg klg ljifosf] ;]/f]km]/f]lt/ ?dlNnO{ ;dfwfgtkm{ cyjf lgisif{tkm{ cled'v
ePsf] x'g'kb{5,
^_ ;+jfb n]vgsf nflu gf6s, pkGof; / syfsf ;+jfbx¿ k9]/ cEof; ug{ ;lsG5,
&_ ;'¿df ;do, kl/j]z, :yfg, JolQmx¿sf] gfd cflbsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro sf]i7sdf lbg' kb{5,
*_ HjnGt pbfx/0f / b[i6fGtjfx]s cGo ljifolt/ ;+jfb df]l8of] eg] axlsg] 8/ /xG5,
(_ ;+jfbsf] cGTodf kfqx¿ ;sf/fTds ;xdltdf k'Ub} ;dfhnfO{ ;Gb]z jf k|]/0ff lbg ;Sg' kb{5,

;+jfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–!

ljBfnozflGt If]q
 -j;Ld, z'ef / /fdb]j ljBfno hfFb} lyP . af6f]df lxFl8/x]sf pgLx¿sf sfgdfæcfh
g]kfnaGbÆ eGg] cfjfh u'l~hof] . :s'n lxFl8/x]sf w]/} ljBfyL{x¿ cf–cfk\mgf] 3/
kmls{+b} lyP . :s'n lxFl8/x]sf sltsf] cg'xf/df v';Lsf] efj emlNsGYof] eg] sltsf] cg'xf/df
lvGgtf . j;Ld, z'ef / /fdb]j klg ;w}Fsf] ljBfno aGbaf6 lg/fz x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ o;}
g]kfnaGb / o;n] kfg]{ k|efjsf ljifodf s'/f ub}{ 3/ kmls{G5g\ ._

j;Ld M …sxLF gePsf] hfqf xfFl8ufpFdfÚ eg]em}F h'g b]zsf hgtf clzlIft 5g\, u/La 5g\,
h'g cljsl;t 5, ToxL b]zdf lbglbg}sf] aGb, x8tfn /rSsfhfd . xf]Og of] b]znfO{ s:tf]
agfpg vf]lhPsf] xf] eGof <
z'ef M xf] t lg, clnslt s]xL eof] ls aGb, x8tfn / rSsfhfd . s] ug{vf]h]sf xf]nfg\ /fhgLlts bn /
;ª\u7gsf ljBfyL{x¿n] <
/fdb]j M s'/f / efif0f t 7"N7"nf u5{g\, gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ u'8\8L xfFS5g\,
aL;jif{df l:j6\h/Nof08 agfpg] wfs nfpF5g\ t/ ePsf ljsf;sf ;+/rgf eTsfpF5g\, pBf]u,
snsf/vfgf rNg lbFb}gg\, h'n'; / gf/fjhLn] ;x/} ysf{pF5g\ .
j;Ld M hfFr cfpg} nfUof], sf];{ ;lsPs} 5}g, k9\g kfOPs} 5}g t/ ;w}Fsf] aGb . sf]xL
b"3{6gf k¥of] aGb, sf]xL ckx/0fdf k¥of] aGb, z'Nsj[l¢ aGb, d"Noj[l¢ aGb, cfk\mgf]
dfu k"/f ePg aGb, c¿n] a9L kmfObf lnof] aGb . xf]OgxfdLn] s] laufl/lbpsf 5f}F xF
ltgLx¿sf] < ljBfyL{sf] z}lIfs clwsf/ vf];]/ gof“ g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f s;/L x'g] xf]
s'lGg <
z'ef M xf] t, a'afcfdfn] d]nfkft u/L, b'vlhnf] u/L, vfO{gvfO{ k]6df/]/ ljBfnodf z'Ns
lt/]sf 5g\ . 5f]/f5f]/Ln] /fd|f];Fu k9]/ pGglt unf{g\ / ;'v b]nfg\ eGg] dL7f] ;kgf pgLx¿sf]
5 . t/ hgtfsf] gfddf /fhgLlt ug]{af6} o;/L aGbsf aGb x'g yfn]kl5 v} s] eGg]<
/fdb]j M sn]hdf k9\g] cu'jfx¿ g} To:t} ePkl5 s] ug]{ < h'n';sf] cfXjfg x'g kfPsf] 5}g ltg}
klxn] k'U5g\, aGbsf] cfXjfg x'g kfPsf] 5}g ltg}n] klxn] 6fo/ afN5g\ .
z}lIfs ;'wf/sf nflu 7"nf s'/f ug]{x¿n] g} z}lIfs cl:y/tf Nofpg] sfddf sDdf/
s;]/ nfu]kl5 s;nfO{ kf] bf]if lbg] v}<
j;Ld M ca t xfdL cfkm} kf] hfu¿s x'g'kg]{ eof] t, s;f] < h;n] ljBfno aGb u/fpg sf]l;; u5{g\
ltgsf la¿¢ ;zQm k|ltsf/ cfGbf]ngsf] yfngL ug'{k5{, aGbsf] cj1f ug'{ k5{ . aGb la¿¢sf]
;r]tgf cleofg lnP/ k|To]s ljBfnodf k'uL ;a} ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljBfno v'nfpg]
cfGbf]ngdf nfUg k|]l/t ug'{k5{ . ljBfnonfO{ aGb, x8tfn, h'n';, /fhgLlt cflbaf6 lgtfGt
cnu /fVg'k5{, ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]q agfpg'k5{ .
z'ef M xf] j;Ld, ltdLn] 7Ls eGof} . xfdLn] of] cleofgnfO{ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod, cleefjs,
ljBfyL{ ;a}sf] ;xof]uaf6 b]zJofkL ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg ;Sof}F eg] xfd|f] z}lIfs ljsf; / xfd|f
a'af–cfdfsf] ;kgf cjZo ;fsf/ x'g]5 . ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]q agfpg] cleofgdf xfdL
cfh}b]lv nfUg'k5{ . z'e sfddf l9nf ug'{x'Fb}g .
/fdb]j M xf], xf], ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]q agfpg'k5{ . o;sf] z'¿jft xfdLn] cfh}b]lv xfd|f]
ljBfnoaf6 ug'{k5{ . hfpmF, ljBfnodf cfPsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ eg]/ ljBfno vf]Ng] / k7g–kf7g
x'g] jftfj/0f agfpmF .
-tLg}hgf_ M xf] hfpmF, hfpmF . ljBfno vf]n]/ aGb la¿¢sf] cleofgsf] yfngL
cfh}b]lv u/f}F .
-cf–cfk\mgf] 3/lt/ nfu]sf tLg}hgf kmgSs kms]{/ ljBfnodf cfpF5g\ . ltgLx¿sf]
cg'xf/df ljb|f]xL efjgf / cfTdf]T;fxsf] nx/ pn]{/ cfO/x]sf] x'G5 ._

;+jfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–@

ljBfyL{sf nflu z}lIfs e|d0f

-z}lIfs e|d0faf6 kms]{sf] csf]{lbg ;a} ljBfyL{x¿ ljBfno cfP . cfdf l;ls:t la/fdL ePsf] sf/0f
z}lIfs e|d0f hfg gkfPsf] /l;s klg ljBfno cfof] . p;sf] dgdf ;fyLx¿sf] z}lIfs e|d0faf/] cg]s
lh1f;fx¿ hGd]sf lyP . ;fyLx¿ sxfFsxfF uP xf]nfg\, s]–s] b]v] xf]nfg\, s:tf] /dfOnf] u/]xf]nfg\
cflb hfGg] v'Nb'nLn] p;nfO{ cft'/agfPsf] lyof] . ljBfnosf] vfhfsf] ;dodf ;f]xg / /l;s au}Frfdf
uP/ z}lIfs e|d0fsf ljifodf s'/f ub}{ vfhf vfO/x]sf lyP ._

/l;s M eg g ;f]xg, z}lIfs e|d0f s:tf] /Xof] < dnfO{ t s:tf] v'Nb'nL nflu/x]sf] 5 .
;f]xg M ;fx|} /dfOnf] / 1fgj¢{s eof] . xfdLn] k9];'g]sf] kf]v/f / b]v]3'd]sf] kf]v/fdf t w]/}
km/s kf] /x]5 t /l;s . ;/fª\sf]6 8fF8faf6 b]lvg] df5fk'R5]« lxdfn t cfk\mg} cufl8 cfP/ pleP
h:tf] . cfxf Û s:tf] /dfOnf] Û ltdL hfg kfPgf}, uPsf]] eP emg\ slt /dfOnf] x'GYof] .
/l;s M hfg t slt dg lyof] slt, t/ s] ug'{, cfdf l;ls:t la/fdL . PSn} 5f]8\g] s'/f] klg t eP lg . km]l/
oxLa]nfdf a'af klg sfof{noaf6 aflx/ . cfdf t eGb} x'g'x'GYof], z}lIfs e|
d0feg]sf] lzIffcfh{gsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . h'g s'/f cfk\mg} cfFvfn] x]g{ / a'‰g
kfOG5 Tof] slxNo} lal;{Gg . k9]/ ga'lemPsf] x]/]/ / 3'd]/ a'lemG5 . t/ s]
ug]{ === <
;f]xg M clxn]nfO{ hfg gkfP klg s] eof] /, d}n] ;a} s'/f atfOxfN5' lg . x]/, xfdL uPsf] csf]
{lbg km]nftfndf af]l6ª\, hnaf/fxLsf] bz{g, dx]Gb| u'kmfsf] cfZro{, ;]tL gbLsf]
ulx/fO{sf] j0f{g, a]ugf;, ¿kf cflb tfnx¿sf] ;f}Gbo{, df5fk'R5«];Fusf] ;fIffTsf/
lstfadf k9]sf ;a} s'/f cfk\mg} cfFvfn] x]g{ kfpFbf dgsf ;Dk"0f{ lh1f;fx¿ d]l6P, clxn]
klg dgdf /f]df~rs cfgGbfg'e"lt eO/x]sf 5 .
/l;s M kf]v/f ;fFlRrs} s:tf] /x]5, eg g ;f]xg <
;f]xg M k|s[lt¿lk d08kdf a;]sLa]x'nL h:tL, b]Vb} nf]e nfUbL, hlt x]¥of] x]¿F nfUg],
:ju{sf] ;'Gb/ Ps 6'qmf k[YjLdf cfP/ a;] h:tf] . kf]v/fsf] j0f{g u/]/ t ;fWo} 5}g .
/l;s M hfFbfcfpFbf vf;} To:tf] cK7]/f] t ePg xf]nf lg <
;f]xg M af6f] aGb eP/ Ps lbg aLr af6f]d} a:g'k¥of] . t/ ToxfF klg k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf]
cWoog / ckf/ cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfOof] . dnfO{ lg ;f]xg, of] l;ª\uf] g]kfn g} gk9L
gx'g] dxTjk"0f{ kf7 h:t} nfUof] . hxfF uof], hlt x]¥of], hlt 8'Nof], hlt vf]Hof] Tolt
kfOg] . aGbn] af6f]df /f]lsFbf klg xfdLn] w]/} s'/f l;Sg] / a'‰g] df}sf kfof}F .
/l;s M clg Tof] aGb lsg / s;n] u/]sf] /x]5 lg <
;f]xg M aGbsf nflu s] rflxof] / < Pp6f 6«sn] a6'jfnfO{ 7Ss/ lbP5 . To;}sf] axfgfdf
/fhdfu{ aGb . 3fOt]sf] pkrf/sf nflu bz nfv rflxof] /] . bznfv Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu rf/cf]6f
j; / kfFrcf]6f 6«s klg hnfOP5g\ .
/l;s M ltdLx¿sf] j;nfO{ t s]xL u/]gg\ <
;f]xg M lsg ub}{gy] gfO{+ ;s]sf] eP t . lgs} egfeg eof] lg . t/ xfdL z}lIfs e|d0fdf hfg nfu]sf
ljBfyL{ eg]kl5 eg] s]xL u/]gg\ .
/l;sM To;kl5 ltdLx¿ Tot} 3'Dg yfNof}, s;f] <
;f]xg M xf], To;kl5 ;/n] Ps 7fpFdf a:g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'eof] . ToxfF emf]nf /fv]/ xfdL
lqz'nL gbL / To; j/k/sf] k|fs[lts b[Zosf] cjnf]sgdf nfUof}F .
/l;s M cF, cF eGb} hfpm g, To;kl5 === <
;f]xg M olt ;'Gb/ g]kfndf km}lnPsf] aGb, x8tfn, cfGbf]ng, ckx/0f cflbn] eg] k6Ss}
5f]8]sf] /x]g5 . t/ kf]v/fsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] ;a} s'/f la;f{O{ lbof] .
/l;s M kmls{+bf t vf;} s]xL ;d:of k/]g xf]nf lg <
;f]xg M 6«flkmssf] cTolws rfk, ;fF3'/f] / eTs]sf] ;8s, psfnL, cf]/fnL / To;df klg
vfN8}vfN8f] . cem tLa| ultdf s'bfpg] dfOqmf]j;sf rfnssf] nfk/jfxLn] t xfdLnfO{ klg
emG8} lqz'nLdf k'¥ofPsf], t/ xfd|f] j;sf] rfnssf] xf]lzof/Ln] afFlrof] gfO{“ .
/l;s M hf] xf];\, ltdLn] z}lIfs e|d0fdf uP/ lttfld7f w]/} s'/fsf] cg'ej ug{ kfof},
w]/} ;'Gb/ / P]ltxfl;s 7fpFx¿ 3'Dg kfof} . v} d]/f] t efUod} /x]g5 .
;f]xg M wt\ /l;s Û olt ;fgf] s'/fdf klg efUonfO{ bf]if lbg' x'G5 < csf]{ jif{ hfpFnf lg,
x'Fb}g / <
-l6lglglg 306L aH5._
/l;s M of] 306L klg slt rfF8} ah]sf] . hfpmF ef], ;/ sIffdf uO;Sg' ePsf] xf]nf <
;f]xg M hfpmF, hfpmF . oL s'/f t kl5 u/] klg x'G5 t/ kf7 5'6\of] eg] ;/n] kl5 k9fpg'x'b}g Sof/] .
-b'j}hgf sIffsf]7ftkm{ nfU5g\ ._

;+jfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–#

:s'nsf] jftfj/0f

-:s'nsf] s'g} vfnL lkl/o8, :s'nsf] /d0fLo au}Frf, au}Frfdf sf7sf a]~r, /fd, Zofd / xl/ j]~rdf a;]/
s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\_
/fd M dnfO{ t v} lsg xf] lsg, :s'nsf] jftfj/0f k6Ss} lrQ a'‰b}g .
Zofd M ltd|f] b[li6df :s'ndf /fd|f] k9fO x'Fb}g, s;f] <
/fd M k9fO t /fd|} 5 t/ ljBfyL{hLjgnfO{ k9fOn] dfq ;fy{s / ;kmn agfpg ;S5 h:tf]
dnfO{ nfUb}g . ltdLx¿sf] ljrf/ s] 5 s'lGg <
Zofd M o;/L ljBfnonfO{ dfq bf]if lbP/ xfdL kfgLdflysf] cf]efgf] aGg ;Sb}gf}F .
xfdLn] vf]h]sf s'/f / ;'ljwf gkfpg'df sxLF st} xfd|f] klg xft /x]sf] 5 ls < Totflt/ klg ;f]Rg'
kg]{ xf]Og / <
xl/ M To;f] eP ljBfnodf h]–hlt s'/f / ;'ljwfsf] cefj 5 To;df xfdL klg lhDd]jf/ 5f}F . of] s] s'/f
u/]sf] Zofd ltdLn] <
/fd M xfdLn] dfl;s z'Ns / jflif{s z'Ns lt/]sf 5f}F, a]nfa]nfdf nfUg] z'Ns klg a'emfPs}
5f}F eg] c¿ s'/fsf] Joj:yf t ljBfno cfkm}n] ldnfpg' kg]{ xf]Og / <
Zofd M :s'n eg]sf] s]jn k9fOdfq x'g] 7fpF t kSs} klg xf]Og . ljBfyL{x¿sf] k9fO /
pgLx¿sf] af}l¢s ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cGo s'/fx¿ klg x'g'k5{, of] s'/f t lglj{jfb} xf] lg <
xl/ M s'/f t 7Ls xf] t/ xfd|f] k|d'v nIo eg]sf] k9\g' xf] . k9\gs} nflu xfdL ljBfnodf cfPsf
5f}F eg] cGo s'/fdf xfdLn] Tolt rf;f] /fVg'k5{ h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . k9fO 7Ls eP t
eOxfNof] lg . c¿ s'/fx¿l;t xfdLnfO{ s] dtna <
/fd M Zofdsf] s'/fdf d laNs'n} ;xdt 5}g . k9fOsf ;fy;fy} v]ns'b, cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk,
z}lIfs e|d0f tyf cGo z}lIfs ultljlw klg laBfyL{sf] k9fOnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] k|d'v
dfWod x'g\, tL s'/f lsg la;]{sf lg <
Zofd M tL s'/f grflxg] eg]sf] t d}n] klg xf]Og t/ k9fO g} ePg eg]/ lbg/ft
xfdLnfO{ lzIffbLIff lbg vl6g' ePsf lzIfs–lzlIfsfx¿sf] ;sf/fTds k|of;sf] cjd"Nog x'g]
s'/f ug'{ klg /fd|f] xf]Og h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .
xl/ M s'/f t Tof] klg xf] t/ To;nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ xfd|f] ljBfnosf] z}lIfs jftfj/0f vQd 5
eGg] kIfdf eg] d 5}g .
/fd M Tof] t d}n] klg dfg]F t/ ;a} s'/f kof{Kt 5g\, xfdL ;j{;'ljwf ;DkGg 5f}F eGg] kIfdf d 5}g
lsgeg] xfdLn] clxn];Dd k/LIffdf /fd|f] l/hN6 Nofpg ;s]sf 5}gf}F, /fli6«o:t/df xfdLn] s'g} k|
ltof]lutf lhTg ;s]sf 5}gf}F, oxfF k9]/ uPsf laBfyL{x¿n] Tolt /fd|f] u/]sf] h:tf] klg
dnfO{ nfUb}g . ca eg t, s] xfd|f] ljBfno ;fFlRrs} z}lIfs jftfj/0fo'Qm 5 t<
Zofd M clxn] eg] ltdLn] uxg s'/f u¥of} . o;/L x]g]{ xf] eg] t xfd|f] ljBfnosf] of]ubfg Psbd}
Go"g g} 5 .
xl/ M xf], oL s'/fx¿tkm{ t d]/f] Wofg g} uPsf] lyPg . ltdLn] 7Ls eGof} /fd . xfdLn]
k|frfo{nfO{ e]6]/ oL s'/fx¿df ;r]t u/fpg} k5{ . pxfFn] s;}af6 ;xof]u gkfP/ jf cfk"mnfO{
hfgsf/L / cg'ej geP/ klg t x'g ;S5 lg .
/fd M aNn ltdLx¿sf] 3}F6fdf 3fd nfUof] . sdhf/Lx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf ub}{ / ;'ljwfx¿sf]
ck]Iff ub}{ hfgfn] g} ;+:yf klg agfpg ;lsG5, xfdL klg aGg ;S5f}F .
 -n, w]/} eof], 306L aHg] a]nf klg eof], hfpmF, km]l/ l9nf] xf]nf lg . tLg} hgf
h¥ofsh'¿s p7\5g\ / sIfflt/ nfUb5g\ ._

!)= b}lgsL
b}lgsL eg]sf] s] xf] <
b}lgsL eGgfn] lbg}lkR5] ul/g] sfd jf lqmofsnfksf] qmda¢ ljj/0f eGg] a'lemG5 . b}lgs
lqmofsnfk, 36gf, cg'ej, e]6–;fIffTsf/, ;+emgf, wf/0ff, hfgsf/L h:tf ljifox¿ b}lgsL n]vgdf ;dfj]z
ul/G5g\ . n]vsLo lghfTdstf, j}olQmstf, ;Totf, qmda4tf, lgZ5ntf, k|yd k'¿ifsf] k|of]u, ;/n efiff /
z}nLdfw'o{ b}lgsLsf cfjZos u'0f x'g\ . laxfgb]lv a]n'sL ;'Tg]a]nf;Dd ul/Psf dxTjk"0f{ sfd tyf
lqmofsnfksf dxTjk"0f{ kIfx¿ g5'6\g] u/L l;nl;nfa4 lsl;dn] PseGbf a9L cg'R5]bdf n]Vg ;lsG5 .
b}lgsL slt nfdf] x'g] eGg] s'/f To;sf] k|of]hg / ljifoufDeLo{df lge{/ /xG5 . k/LIffdf ;f]lwg]
b}lgsL eg] lgb]{lzt zLif{sdf jf ljifodf s]lGb|t /xL PseGbf a9L cg'R5]bd} n]Vg'kg]{ x'G5 .

b}lgsL s;/L n]lvG5 <

!_ k|ydtM b}lgsL n]Vbf ljifodf Wofg lbg' k5{,
@_ ;a}eGbf dfly To; lbgsf] ldlt, :yfg / ;do n]lvG5,
#_ To; lbgsf 36gf, sfd, lqmofsnfk, cg'ej e]6 cflb s'/fx¿ ;Demg]
/ qmda4¿kdf n]Vg] ul/G5,
$_ b}lgsL n]Vbf e"tsfnsf] k|yd k'¿ifdf n]Vg'k5{ .
%_ b}lgsLdf k|:t't ul/g] ljifoj:t' lghfTds / j}olQms eP klg ltgn] ;dfhnfO{ ;Gb]z tyf
k|]/0ff lbg ;Sg' kb{5,
^_ :j:k"mt{ ¿kdf n]lvg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;flxlTos n]vg ePsf] x'gfn] o;sf] efiff, z}nL /
k|:t'tLs/0fdf snfTdstf clg ld7f;tf x'g' x'g' kb{5,
&_ b}lgsL n]Vbf k|To]s lbg cfk"mn] ug]{ jf u/]sf dxTjk"0f{ Pj+ 5'6fpg} gx'g] 36gf,
sfd jf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] qmda¢ pNn]v ug'{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;dotflnsf / ;dosf]
ljefhgdf Wofg lbg' kb{5,

b}lgsLn]vgsf] gd'gf–!

ldlt M ====================
:yfg M ?kGb]xL, a'6jn
;do M /ftsf] ( jh]
laxfgLkv lIflthaf6 em'Ns]sf ;fpg] sfnf] afbnnfO{ l5rf]Nb} aflx/ lg:s]sf ;"o{sf tflknf
ls/0f ‰ofnsf] l;;faf6 leq k:b} lyP . kfgLn] leh]sf Pshf]8L eFu]/fsf] lr/la/ cfjfhn] d]/f]
lgb|f eª\u ul/lbof] . d}n] cfFvf ldRb} 38L x]/]F, ;ft alh;s]sf] /x]5 . dnfO{ cf7 ah] g}
ljBfno k'Ug' kg]{ lyof] . ljB't\ a]udf p7]/ lgTosd{ u/]F, sk8f nufPF . ;'dL / ;'lhtf
cfO{ ;s]sf lyP . cfdf–a'jfnfO{ ljBfno cfpg' xf]nf x} eg]/ d aflx/ lgl:sPF .
ljBfno k'Ubf clwsf+z ;fyLx¿ cfO{ ;s]sf lyP . lzIfs–lzlIfsfx¿ ;fyLx¿nfO{ ljleGg lgb]
{zg lbFb} x'g'x'GYof] . k|wfgfWofks sfo{qmdaf/] atfpFb} x'g'x'GYof] .
xfdLnfO{ b]v]/ Zofd;/n] 38L x]b}{ Joª\Uok"j{s eGg'eof], æltdLx¿ t lgs} rfF8} cfof}
lg<
Zofd;/n] xfdLnfO{ xfdLn] ug'{kg]{ sfdsf af/]df lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . d}n] pb\3f]if0f
ug'{kg]{ eof] . ;a} ;fyLx¿ cf–cfk\mgf sfddf h'6\of}F . d, Zofd ;/ / k|wfgfWofks Psl5g
a;]/ sfo{qmd / pb\3f]if0fsf ljifodf s'/f u¥of}F . To;kl5 d cfk\mgf] t}of/Ldf nfu]F .
P3f/ ah]lt/ ;Dk"0f{ t}of/L ;lsof] . cleefjs / kfx'gfx¿ wdfwd cfpFb} lyP . xn vrfvr
lyof] . k|wfgfWofks, x]8 Jjfo, x]8 un{ / SofK6]gx¿ xftdf k"mnsf u'R5f lnP/ d"n
9f]sfdf plePsf lyP . d eg] dfOqmf]kmf]g xftdf lnP/ sfo{qmd:yndf plePsL lyPF .
olQs}df sfnf] / lrNnf] sf/ d"n 9f]sflg/ cfP/ /f]lsof] . k|wfgfWofksn] k|d'v
cltlynfO{ sfo{qmd :yndf lnP/ cfpg'eof] . k|d'v cltlysf] cfudg;Fu} d]/f] pb\3f]if0f
klg ;'¿ eof] . 7Ls !@ jh] sfo{qmdsf] >Lu0f]z eO{ ;lsFbf @ ah]sf] lyof] .
cfuGt's kfx'gfx¿ kmls{Fb} lyP . d}n] a'jf–cfdfnfO{ otfplt vf]h]F, st} e]l6g . k|d'v
cltlynfO{ labf u/L k|wfgfWofks xfdL ;a} ;fyLx¿ ePlg/ cfpg'eof] . ;kmntfk"j{s
sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf]df pxfFn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ wGoafb lbg' eof] . pxfFn]
d]/f] k|:t'tLs/0fk|lt ;ª\s]t ub}{ eGg'eof], æltd|f] pb\3f]if0fsnf, lzi6 / zfnLg efiff Pj+
s0f{lk|o cfjfhn] t ;a}nfO{ d'Uw g} kf¥of]Æ egL ljz]if :ofjfzL lbg'eof] . d]/f]
pb\3f]if0fsnfaf6 k|efljt ePsf ;a} lzIfs–lzlIfsf tyf ;fyLx¿ klg d]/f] k|z+;f ub}{ lyP . d}n]
k/ Ps s'gfdf a'jf–cfdf Zofd ;/;Fu s'/f ul//x]sf] b]v]F . d ;/f;/ a'jf–cfdf;dIf uPF . pxfFx¿n]
v';Ln] RjfKk d]/f] ufnfdf DjfO{ vfg'eof] / e/] 3/d} afFsL s'/f u/f}Fnf egL ToxfFaf6
k|:yfg ug'{eof] .
o;/L d 3/ k'Ubf rf/ ah]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} cfdfn] b'O{ yf]kf v';Lsf cfF;'
v;fNb} 5f]/L, æltdLh:tL ;Gtfg d]/f] sf]vaf6 hlGdPsLdf dnfO{ uj{ 5, o;/L g} xfd|f]
OHht /fvL b]pm, /fd|f] ub}{ hfpmÆ eGb} d]/f] dnfO{ cfzLif lbFb} x'g'x'GYof] . a'jf
klg æ:ofjfz 5f]/L ÛÆ eGb} stfaf6 6'Kn'Ss cfpg'eof] . d klg ;a}lt/af6 k|z+;f / :ofjfzL
kfPsf]df bª\u lyPF . Psl5g sf]7fdf uO{ sfo{qmdsf af/]df ;f]rb} lyPF . cfdfn] …
vfgf vfg cfpm 5f]/LÚ eg]sf] cfjfh d]/f] sfgdf u'l~hof] . d p7]/ efG;fdf uPF . /flt cf7
ah]sf] sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgsf] ;dfrf/n] xfd|f] Wofg TfGof] . vfO{j/L xfdL j}7sdf
cfO{ 6]]]lnlehg cufl8 cf;g hdfof}F .
æb]Vg'eof], 5f]/L klg t 6]lnlehgdf b]lv5 t .Æ cfdfn] a'jfsf] kfv'/f ;dfpFb} 6]lnlehg
b]vfpg'eof] . a'jfn] klg æn, xf] t Û x]/ xfd|L 5f]/L klg 6]lnlehgdf cfO5] . cflv/ 5f]/L
s:sL<Æ d eg] hLjgdf klxnf]k6s 6]lnlehgdf b]lvg kfPsLdfbª\u ePF . sl/a gf}
ah];Dd 6]lnlehg x]/]/ d sf]7fdf cfPF .
laxfgb]lvsf] Jo:ttfn] z/L/df ysfg dx;'; ePsf] lyof] . 8fo/L / snd lgsfn]/ d b}lgsL n]Vg
a;]F . b}lgsL n]Vg]qmddf cfhsf] lbg d]/f] hLjgsf nflu pRrtd pknlAw ePsf] / o;/L g}
cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ lgisif{ d}n] lgsfn]F . cGo n]vk9 ug]{ sfdnfO{ yfFtL /fv]/ d cf]5\ofg
ldnfpg nfu]F .

b}lgsLn]vgsf] gd'gf–@
ldlt M
==========================
:yfg M ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
;do M /ftsf] ( ah]

lxhf] /flt ca]/;Dd ;fyLx¿sf] kmf]g / k/LIffkmn cfpg] xNnfn] c:yL/ / cw}o{ agfPsf]
dgnfO{ aNntNn y'dy'DofpFb} /flt Ps ah] dfq ;'t]sf] dnfO{ laxfg 5 ah]sf] Odf]h
Pkm=Pd=sf] w"gn] em:sfof] . Anfª\s]6 kG5fP/ cfFvf ldRb} /]l8of]sf] ef]n'd
a9fPF . /]l8of]sf] w"g;Fu} d'6'sf] 9's9'sL klg a9\b} lyof] . dgleq pTkGg ljljw cfzª\sfsf]
8/n] 9f]sf vf]n]/ aflx/ lgl:sg klg ;lsg .
æafa", P afa" Û ltdLx¿sf] k/LIffkmn t k|sflzt eof] lg . x]/ t, d}n] …b sf7df8f} kf]i6Ú /
…cGgk"0f{ kf]i6Ú klg NofO;s]F .Æ olta]/;Dd d}n] 9f]sf vf]ln;s]sf] lyPF . d]/f] glthf
t afafnfO{ klxn] yfxf eO;s]sf] /x]5 . daflx/ cfpgf;fy afafn] dnfO{ cª\ufnf]df afFw]/
DjfO{+ vfg'eof] . æaf]8{sf] Joj:yf gx6]sf] eP d]/f] 5f]/f] kSs} klg af]8{–k|yd x'GYof]
.Æ afaf d]/f] ;kmntfdf cfkm} /dfO/xg'ePsf] lyof] . cfFvfaf6 em/]sf v';Lsf cfF;' k'5\b}
cfdfn] klg æd]/f] afa"Æ eGb} dnfO{ d';fb}{ x'g'GYof] . æo:tf] v';Lsf] ;dodf sxLF
gePsf cfF;' emf/L xflN5g\ . xfF;]/ awfO{ b]pm g, cIftfsf] 6Lsf agfP/ nufO{ b]pm .
xfd|f] 3/df klxnf]k6s lelqPsf] ;kmntfsf] o:tf] If0fdf klg ?g'x'G5 nf6L ÛÆ
;fgf] kl/jf/df klxnf]k6s lelqPsf] v';Lsf] cg'kd pT;j ;lsPs} lyPg . tf/Gtf/ kmf]gsf 306L
aHg yfn] . alxgL klg pl75] . æs'g >]0fLdf<Æ eg]/ p;n] ;f]wL . æd]/f] 5f]/f] kf] xf] t,
af]8{d} k/]sf] x'g'k5{, gfd 3f]if0ff gu/]/ dfq xf] .Æ afafn] g} alxgLsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/
lbg'eof] . olQs}df d"n 9f]sfsf] 306L aHof] . cfdfn] 9f]sf vf]Ng'eof] . æawfO{ 5 x}
cfdf Û clg k|tLs sxfF 5 t <Æ k|lts, l/bd / cª\lstx¿leq k;] . Psl5g ;a}hgfsf aLrdf v';Lsf]
 dxf]T;j g} rNof] . xfd|f] afaf klg slt af7f], lxhf] g} akmL{ NofP/ /fVg'ePsf] /x]5 .
cfdfn] lunf;df b"w / Kn]6df akmL{ lnP/ cfpg'eof] .
xfdL ;a} ljBfno uof}F . ljBfnodf k|wfgfWofks ;lxt ;a}hgf x'g'x'GYof] . caL/
nufO{ lbP/ xfdLnfO{ awfO{ lbFb} ckf/ :g]x k|s6 ug'{ eof] . ljBfnosf] gfd / oz a9fPsf]
eGb} cª\ufnf]df lng' eof] .xfdLn] klg ;fyLx¿sf aLrdf awfO{ ;f6f;f6 u¥of}F . eljiosf]
oyf]lrt uGtJo / To;sf] 5gf]6sf ljifodf s'/fsfgL eof] .
w]/} ;do;Dd ljBfnodf a;L tLg ah]lt/ dfq} d 3/ cfOk'u]F . 3/leq k:g} kfPsf] lyOg, dfdf–
dfOh"n] RofKk ;dfpg'eof] / RjfKk DjfO{+ vfg'eof] . dfdfn] cFufnf]df afFw]/ awfO{ lbg' eof]
. sfsf–sfsL / bfOefph"x¿ klg xif{n] ljef]/ ePsf] cg'e"lt dnfO{ eof] . x'g klg s'n /
cfkmGtLsf]v';Ldf ;a}hgf Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf eP/ v';L dgfpg] / z'e–sfdgf lbg' g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
cflTds Pj+ xflb{s k/Dk/f xf] . Psl5g xfdL ;a} ;Fu} a:of}F . cfdf, sfsL / dfOh" ldn]/ vfhf
agfpg' eof] . ;a} ldn]/ vfhf vfof}F t/ v} lsg lsg Tolt dL7f] vfhf klg dnfO{ ?r]g, ;fob d v';Lsf]
cfgGbdoL cg'e"ltn] c3fO{ ;s]sf] lyPF .
sfsf–sfsL / dfdf–dfOh"dnfO{ 3/df cfpg lgDtf] lbO{ cf–cfk\mgf] 3/lt/ nfUg'eof] . ;do
klg /fltFb} uPsf] lyof] . vfgf t s] vfg'lyof] /, afaf–cfdf;Fu} a;]/ vfPh:tf] u/]F .
sflGtk'/sf] cf7 ah]sf] ;dfrf/ x]/]kl5 d afaf–cfdf;Fu labf eO{ zogsIflt/ nfu]F .
kmnfd]9f]sf dflgg] k|j]lzsf k/LIff ljlzi6>]0fLdf pQL0f{ ubf{sf] ;'vb cg'e"lt dgdf
eO{ /x] klg ca sxfF k9\g], s] k9\g] eGg] k|Zgx¿n] dg x'F8'lng yfn]sf] lyof] . h] xf];\,
cfhsf] lbg d]/f] klxnf] pRrtd ;kmntfsf] lbg lyof] . oxL d"Nofª\sgsf] lgisif{ lgsfnL
b}lgsL n]v]/ 6'ª\UofPF clg cf]5\ofgdf uO{ l;/sleq u'6d'l6PF .

b}lgsLn]vgsf] gd'gf–#
ldlt M @)&#÷)!÷)!
:yfg M 3/sf] k9\g] sf]7f
;do M /ftsf] ( ah]

/fte/ k/]sf] l;dl;d] kfgLn] ;]nfPsf ;"o{sf zLtn ls/0fx¿n] ‰ofnsf] l;;faf6 lrofpg] sf]l;;
ub}{ lyP . r/fr'¿ª\uLn] ufO/x]sf] d'lQmsf] uLtn] wtL{ u'l~h/x]sf] lyof] . wtL{ k"/}
hflu;s]sf] /x]5 . olQs}df d]/f] lgb|f klg eª\u eof] . h'¿Ss p7]F, xf === O{ ub}{ cfª\
tfg]F . kfFr ldg]6 hlt Jofofd u/L lgTosd{lt/ nfu]F . /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, kqklqsf ;a}lt/
/fhfsf] ;Daf]wgsf jfSo pb\3f]lift eO/x]sf lyP . k"/} b]z qmflGtsf] 8]9]nf]df 8l9/x]sf]
 cj:yfdf /fhfsf] of] bf];|f] ;Daf]wg lyof], cf7 ut]sf] eGbf leGg /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] dfu /
rfxgfg'¿k . SofDk;, ljBfno, snsf/vfgf, pBf]u, Joj;fo ;a} aGb lyP . lbge/sf] sk\mo'{n]
;a}nfO{ 3/leqsf] s}bL agfPsf] lyof] . emg} clgi6 x'g] xf] ls eGg] cfzª\sf ;a}df lyof] .
Pp6f kIfn] ;Daf]wgnfO{ c:jLs[t ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf cfZj:t x'g] e/kbf]{ cfwf/ Tolt lyPg . d
o;f] 3/aflx/ lgl:sPF . ;8s,uNnL, rf]s, dlGb/, k]6L ;a}lt/ dflg;sf] x"n lyof], ;a}sf] dgdf
sf}t'xnk"0f{ cfzª\sf lyof], sltkosf] cg'xf/df ljhosf] pGdfb klg b]lvGYof] . Psfk;df
lqmof k|ltlqmof rln/x]sf] lyof] / cfjZos j:t'x¿sf] lsgd]n klg . d klg ;fyLx¿;Fu e]63f6,
ukm;km / ;d;fdlos ljifoj:t'sf] ljZn]if0f u/L 3/ kmls{PF .
xfdL vfgf vfFb} lyof}F . ;8sdf xf]xNnf / gf/fjfhLsf] :j/ 3lGsg yfNof] . xtf/–xtf/
vfO{ ;s]/ 5tdf uPF . uNnL–uNnLdf o'jf–o'jtLsf] 3'OFrf] lyof], h'n'; lgsfNg] tof/L
eO/x]sf] /x]5 . x/]s ju{ / pd]/sf dflg;x¿ ;Daf]wgsf] ;dy{gdf tfnL ahfO{ /x]sf lyP . d}n]
klg ;Gtf]ifsf] ;f; km]/]F / x"ndf ;dflxt ePF .
;x/, jhf/, ufpF ;a}lt/ ;Daf]wgsf] ;dy{gdf h'n'; lgSnL /x]sf lyP / 7"nf bnsf g]tfx¿af6
cfGbf]ng /f]lsPsf] hgfpFb} jQmJo lbg] qmd rln/x]sf] lyof] . t/ csf]{ 7"nf] zlQmn]
æ;Daf]wg wf]sf xf]Æ eGb} c;Gt'i6L hgfof]] . lbuf] zflGtsf] cfzf sd} eP klg
;sf/fTds ;dfwgfy{ b]z cufl8 a9]sf] cg'e"lt dnfO{ x'Fb} lyof] .
lbge/sf] h'n';–ofqf / gf/fjfhLsf sf/0f z/L/df ysfg eP klg dgleq cgluGtL ;Gtf]ifsf efj
hfu[t eO/x]sf lyP . afaf–cfdf / alxgL;Fu} a;]/ a]n'sL cf7 ah]sf] sflGtk'/sf] ;dfrf/
x]l/of] . ænf}, ca t :s'n v'N5g\ xf]nf x} afaf <Æ alxgLn] d'v laufb}{ egL . æ ;w}F
cfGbf]ng, h'n'; / aGb eof] eg] d]/L 5f]/Ln] k9]/ slxn] 8fS6/ aGg] <Æ afafn]
alxgLnfO{{ kmsfpFb} eGg'eof] . ;dfrf/kl5 vfgf vfof}F / d cfk\mgf] sf]7fdf cfPF .
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df cfhsf] lbg hgtf ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ ;DkGg ePsf] d'lQmsf] lbg lyof]
.pGgfO{; lbg;Dd rn]sf] hgqmfGtLsf] ;kmntfsf] lbg lyof] . o:t} ljZn]if0fu/L d}n]
b}lgsL n]v]F / cf]5\ofgdf uO{ zflGtsf] lgb|fdf ljnLg x'g] k|of;df nfu]F .

!!= lr7L/lgj]bg
lr7L/lgj]bg s]nfO{ elgG5 <
cfkmGt jf kl/lrt JolQmnfO{ k7fOg] va/, hfgsf/L, cg'/f]w, cfu|x cflbsf] lnlvt
dfWodnfO …lr7LÚ elgG5 . lr7L JolQmut -cgf}krfl/s_ / lgj]bg -cf}krfl/s_ u/L
b'O{ lsl;dsf] x'G5 . ;fyL–;ª\uL, Oi6–ldq, a'af–cfdf, bfO–lbbL, efO–alxgL, sfsf–sfsL,
7"nfaf–7"nLcfdf, dfdf–dfOh", cfkmGtLnfO{ s'g} sfdljz]if, xfnva/ jf cfk\mgf dgsf
s'/fx¿nfO{ lnlvt ¿kdf cleJoQm ug]{ dfWod JolQmut cyjf cgf}krfl/s lr7L xf] .
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} ;+:yf, ;+:yfsf] k|d'v, s'g} ;+:yfn] s'g} JolQm / ;+:yfn] ;+:yfnfO{ sfof{noLo
sfdsf nflu n]lvg] lr7LnfO{ sfof{noLo cyjf cf}krfl/s lr7L elgG5 .o:t} s'g} Jofkf/–Joj;fosf]
l;nl;nfdf n]lvg] lr7LnfO{ klg cf}krfl/s lr7L elgG5 . o:tf lr7LnfO{ Jojxf/df lgj]bg elgG5 . o:tf]
lgj]bgn]vgsf s]xL lglZrt z}nL / lgodx¿ x'G5g\ . o;/L lgoda¢ eP/ n]lvg] ePsf] x'gfn] klg
sfof{noLo lr7LnfO{ lgj]bg elgPsf] xf] . Jofkfl/s / sfof{noLo u/L ljifoj:t' / k|of]hgsf cfwf/df
lgj]bg b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . o;/L x]bf{ lr7LnfO{ JolQmut, sfof{noLo / Jofkfl/s u/L tLg efudf
ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ n]vg–z}nL, lgod / :j¿ksf cfwf/df sfof{noLo / Jofkfl/s ldNbf–h'Nbf x'G5g\
eg] JolQmut lr7L z}nL / lgoddf gafFlwPsf] clns leGg :j¿ksf] klg x'g ;S5 . o:tf lr7Lsf tLgcf]6}
k|sf/sf] kl/ro, n]vg–ljlw / n]vgsf] gd'gf tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
lr7L/lgj]bg s;/L n]lvG5 <
!_ 7]ufgfM
vfddf n]lvg] 7]ufgf Mlr7Ldf 7]ufgf n]Vg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . vf; u/]/ lr7Lsf] vfddf k|fks /
k|]ifssf] k|i6 / k"0f{ 7]ufgf qmdzM bflxg] / b]a|]lt/ n]lvG5 . o;f] gu/]df lr7L ;DalGwt 7fpFdf
gk'Ug] / lkmtf{ klg gx'g] x'gfn] 7]ufgf n]Vg] s'/fdf lgs} Wofg lbg'k5{ . 7]ufgfdf ;DalGwt
JolQmsf] gfd, ufpF, 6f]n, j8f–gDa/, 3/–gDa/, lhNnf, c~rn, If]q / b]z v'nfP/ k|i6 jf ;kmf
cIf/df n]Vg'k5{ . olb s'g} JolQmsf] :ki6 7]ufgf 5}g / csf]{ JolQmdfkm{t dfq} lr7L ;DalGwt
JolQmsxfF k'U5 eg] dfkm{t -C/O_ n]v]/ gfd / 7]ufgf n]Vg' kb{5 .
lr7Lleq n]lvg] 7]ufgf M ;fdfGotM lr7Lsf] l;/fgsf] bfofFlt/ ;ª\lIfKt 7]ufgf n]Vg' kb{5 . t/ sxLF
st} afofFlt/ 7]ufgf n]v]sf] klg kfOG5 .

@_ldltM ldlt klg lr7Lsf] clgjfo{cª\u xf] . of] lr7Lsf] l;/fgdf bflxg]kl§ n]lvG5 . ;fdfGotM ldlt /
7]ufgf tn / dfly ;Fu} n]lvG5 .
#_ ;Daf]wgM h;nfO{ lr7L k7fOG5 p;sf] gfd jf gftf pNn]v ug'{ g} ;Daf]wg xf] . ;Daf]wg
cfk"meGbf 7"nf, ;fgf / cfk"m;dfgnfO{ ;fOgf] / gftf cg';f/ leGgfleGg} tl/sfn] ul/G5 .
;fgfnfO{ Kof/f], lk|o, :g]xL, cfk"m ;dfgnfO{ cleGg, ;x[boL, :d/0fLo, cfk"meGbf 7"nf
dfGohgnfO{ >Ldfg\, >LdtL, cfb/0fLo, k"hgLo, k/dk"Ho cflb cfb/fyL{ zAb /fv]/ gftf pNn]v
ul/G5 .
t/ cf}krfl/s lr7Ldf eg] kbsf] gfd, sfof{no÷;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf n]lvG5 .
$_ clejfbg MJolQmut lr7Ldf ;Daf]wgkl5 clejfbg ul/G5 . clejfbg klg ;Daf]Wo
JolQmcg';f/ km/s–km/s x'G5 . o;df ;fgfnfO{ cfzLjf{b, ;+emgf,cfk"m ;dfg
;fyLxnfO{ gd:sf/, ;+emgf / 7"nfnfO{ r/0fsdndf 9f]u, ;fb/ 9f]u, ;fb/ gd:sf/, ;fi6fª\u k|0ffd,
gd:sf/ cflb cfb/fyL{ zAbn] clejfbg ul/G5 . cfb/fyL{ JolQm klg cfk\mgf] s'n–kl/jf/sf] geP/
cs}{ kl/jf/sf] ePdf cfjZostf x]/L ;fb/ gd:sf/ n]lvG5 . t/ cf}krfl/s lr7Ldf eg] clejfbg ul/Fb}g,
l;w} sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf n]Vg] ul/G5 .
%_ d'Vo efu– clejfbgkl5 lr7Lsf] d'Vo efu ;'¿ x'G5 . o;nfO{ klg cflb, dWo / cGTo u/L tLg
efudf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . k|f/Dedf ;~rf]–la;~rf], lr7L kfPsf]df v'zL,wGojfb cflb ljifo n]lvG5 .
of] efu cf}krfl/s k|s[ltsf] x'G5 / of] Pp6} cg'R5]bsf] x'G5 . eGg' jf n]Vg' kg]{ vf; s'/f oxL
dWo efudf n]lvG5 . of] cg'R5]b Ps jf cg]s x'g ;Sb5 . cGTodf lgrf]8, ;f/f+z ;lxt lr7L
n]vg ;dfKt ul/G5 . of] cg'R5]b clt 5f]6f] x'G5 . afFsL e]6df, snd aGb ug{ rfxG5' o:tf
 jfSof+zsf ;fy} e]6\g] / lr7L kfpg] cfzfsf s'/fx¿ tyf awfO{, ;xfg'e"lt, ;dj]bgf, wGojfb
OToflb d'Vo efusf] d"n ljifonfO{ km]l/ PskN6 bf]xf]¥ofOG5 .
t/ cf}krfl/s lr7Ldf lsg lr7L n]lvg nfu]sf] xf] To;nfO{ ljifo zLif{s /fvL pNn]v ug'{kb{5 /
d'Voefudf k|j]z u/L ljifonfO{ k'li6 ug'{kb{5 . cGTodf k|:t't u/]sf sfuhftx¿ / s'g} gub/sd
jf efpr/ k|:t't u/]sf] eP Tof] klg pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .
^_ cGTo– k|]ifssf] gfd jf x:tfIf/af6 lr7Lsf] cGTo ul/G5 . o;df ejbLo, tkfO{+sf] lxt}ifL,
cf1fsf/L, cleGg, lgj]bs, ljZjf;kfq cflb kbfjnLsf] k|of]u u/]/ lr7L k"/f ul/G5 .
&_ z]iff+z– dfly g} eGg'kg]{ s'/f s]xL 5'6]sf] eP lr7Lsf] cGTokl5 klg n]Vg ;lsG5 . o;/L
n]Vbf …k'gZrÚ eg]/ n]Vg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
*_ JolQmut lr7Ldf vfdsf] gd'gf clgjfo{ ¿kdf lbg'k5{ . o;/L vfdsf] gd'gf agfpFbf afofFlt/
k|]ifs / bfofFlt/ k|fkssf] k"/f gfd, 6f]n, 3/ g+=, gu/kflnsf jf uflj;, lhNnf, c~rn cflb pNn]v u/L
k"/f 7]ufgf n]Vg'kb{5 .
(_ lr7Lsf] efiff ;/n, k|i6 / jfSo ;–;fgf x'g' k5{ . cfIf]kfTds jf ufnLunf}h / cZnLn efiff
x'g'x'Fb}g .

lr7Lsf] :j¿k s:tf] x'G5 <

-s_ ldlt / 5f]6f] 7]ufgf M -bfofF efusf] l;/fgdf_
-v_ ;Daf]wg M -s;nfO{ lr7L n]Vg nfluPsf] xf] To:tf] JolQmk|lt ul/g]
cfb/fyL{ zAbsf] k|of]u u/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ ._
-u_ clejfbg M -cfk"mn] Jojxf/df h]–h:tf] clejfbg ul/G5 jf xfd|f] ;dfhdf h] rng 5,
gftf / ;DaGw cg';f/ To:t} pNn]v ug]{ ._
-3_ ;~rf]–la;~rf] M -lr7L kfPsf]df v';L JoQm / k9\bfv]l/ cfk"mdf cfPsf] k|ltlqmof JoQm ug]
{_
-ª_ lr7Lsf] d'Vo efu M -lr7L n]Vg'kgf{sf] vf; sf/0f, cfu|x
cg'/f]w, j0f{g, ljZn]if0f, dgsf] cleJolQm cflb pNn]v ug]{ ._
-r_ cGTo efu M -cfu|x / cg'/f]wsf ;fy oltd} snd aGb ub{5'
eGb} bfofF 5]pdf n]lvg]sf] cfk"m s] k5{ < Tof] gftf v'nfO{ gfd
n]Vg] / ;xL ug]{ ._
-5_ vfdsf] gd'gf M -afofFlt/ k7fpg]sf] gfd / k"/f 7]ufgf /
bfofFlt/ kfpg]sf] gfd / k"/f 7]ufgf n]vL dfly s'gfdf l6s6sf]
klg pNn]v ug]{ ._

lr7Ln]vgsf] gd'gf–!
ldlt M @)^@÷)%÷)%
;'gjn–(
gjnk/f;L
cfb/0fLo dfdf–dfOh"df
xflb{s gd:sf/
lxhf] dfq} xh'/sf] lr7L xft k¥of] . lr7L k9\g] v'Nb'nL x'Fbfx'Fb} klg sIffdf
k9fO{ eO/x]sf] x'gfn] rfnL; ldg]6 d]/f nflu w]/} nfdf] dx;'; eof] . slxNo} lr7L gn]Vg]
dfdfn] hLjgdf klxnf]k6s lr7L n]Vg'ePsf] 5 . o;y{M klg lr7Lk|lt d]/f] lh1f;f a9L g}
lyof] . 306L aHg]lalQs} d sIffaflx/ lgl:sPF / PsfGtdf uP/ vfd vf]n]F .
…Kof/L ef~hL ljhof === Ú
dleqsf] lh1f;f a9\b} uof] . lr7L k9\b} uPF .
…dfOh"n] ltdLnfO{ Kof/f]] efO hGdfOPsL 5] .Ú
dfdf, Gjf/fg klg eO{ ;s]5 . gfd s] /flvof]< Tof] s'/f lr7Ldf lsg gn]v]sf] < To;f]eP clxn] t
dfdf–3/df v';Lsf] axf/ g} cfPsf] xf]nf . efO hGd]sf] va/ ;'Gg]lalQs} dnfO{ sltv]/ dfdf3/
hfpmF h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . t/ s] ug'{, ev{/ q}dfl;s k/LIff z'¿ ePsf] 5 . ljBfyL{sf nflu k/LIff
g} 7"nf] ;DklQ xf] . To;dfly a]nf–a]nfdf x'g] aGbaf6 ca¿¢ ePsf] k9fO{ k"/f ug{ zlgaf/
klg sIff;~rfng x'g]x'Fbf cfpg] s]xL dlxgf labf ldNnf h:tf] 5}g . h] xf];\, efO hGd]sf]
v';Ln] d]/f] dg ;fx|} /dfPsf] 5 . efO hGdfpg] dfOh" / tkfO{+nfO{ w]/} w]/} awfO{ tyf
z'e–sfdgf .
dfdf, xfd|f] wd{ / k/Dk/fnfO{ sfvL Rofk]/ lxF8\g] xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljBdfg cGwljZjf; /
¿9Ljfbn] hfg–cghfgdf 5f]/Lx¿dfly cGofo u/L /x]sf] 5, 5f]/Lx¿ clxn] klg lje]bhGo
Jojxf/sf] lzsf/ ag]sf 5g\ . 5f]/f / 5f]/L b'j} ;Gtfg x'g\ . cfk"mn] hGdfPsf ;Gtfgdfly ;dfg
Jojxf/ ug{ ;lsPg / cghfgd} eP klg lje]b x'g uof] eg] Tof] 7"nf] kfk x'g]5 . dfdf, o;f]
eg]/ d}n] efOdflysf] dfof / dxTjnfO{ cad"Nog ug{ vf]h]sL xf]Og t/ o;n] alxgL
k"hfdfly ul/g] dfof / :g]x klg g36f];\ eGg vf]h]sL x'F . ToxL k"hf x'g\ h;n]
tkfO{+x¿nfO{ klxnf] ;Gtfg–;'v lbPsL lyOg\ / cfh efO hlGdbf klg ;a}eGbf v';L x'g]
;fob ltg} k"hf xf]lng\ . efO kfpFbf klg o:tf] s'/f n]Vg] eg]/ dfdf–dfOh", lrQ
 gb'vfpg'xf]nf . xfd|f] ;dfhdf /x]sf sltko o:tf k/Dk/f 5g\ h;n] ubf{ 5f]/Lx¿sf] cl:tTjsf]
cad"Nog x'g] vfnsf ts{xLg rrf{ ul/G5g\ . …P Û b'O6L 5f]/L ÛÚ eg]/ cg'xf/
v'DRofpg] / …5f]/f] kfpg] xf]OgÚ eg]/ cfdf–a'afnfO{ k|Zg ug]{ xfd|} ;dfhsf
a'h|'sx¿ b]v]/ d]/f] x[bodf cfqmf]z pTkGg x'G5, To:tf JolQmk|lt 3[0ff nfu]/ cfpF5 .
dfdf, jf:tjdf d]/f a'af–cfdfn] ;dfhdf p7\g] o:tf xhf/f}F k|Zgx¿nfO{ ;x]/ xfdLdf g} 5f]/fsf] k|
ltlaDa b]vL lrQ a'emfpg'ePsf] 5 . x'g t tkfO{+n] 5f]/fsf] lgldQ bf];|f] ;Gtfg vf]Hg'ePsf]
xf]Og, bf];|f] ;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf 5f]/f] kfpg'ePsf] xf] / tkfO{+x¿sf] efjgf Tolt ;ª\s'lrt klg 5}g . t/ klg
lsglsg Pp6L ;r]t 5f]/L h;n] 5f]/L ePs} sf/0fn] ;dfhaf6 cg]s s'/f ;'g]sL 5], ;dfhaf6} d]/f a'af–
cfdfdfly w]/} k|Zg t];f{OPsf 5g\ To:tf] ;dfhsf] d"v{tfk"0f{ cxª\sf/dflysf] cfqmf]z dfq kf]v]sL
x'F .
dfOh", d}n] dfdf–3/df dnfO{ dfof ug]{ b'O{ efO kfPF of b'O{ alxgL kfPF . n}lª\us
lje]b gu/L x]g]{ xf] eg] dnfO{ lbbL eg]/ dfof ug]{ d]/f dfdf–dfOh"sf b'O{ ;Gtfg
kfPF . tL x'g\ efO / alxgL . oL d]/f ddf–3/nfO{ ;bf hLjGt /fVg] cd/ Hof]lt x'g\ . …
lbbL cfpg'eof], lbbL cfpg'eof]ÚeGb} efO–alxgL d"n9f]sfdf lng cfPsf] If0f d]/f]
hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf v';Lsf] If0f x'G5 . cfh;Dd d}n] alxgLsf] dfq dfof kfPsL lyPF, cab]lv
efOsf] dfof klg ylkof] . dfOh", dnfO{ t dfofsL wgL kf] agfO{ lbg'eof] t . d s[t1 5' .
d ;fx}| efUodfgL /x]F5' .
dfdf–dfOh", ;'Ts]/L cfdf / gjhft lzz'sf] :jf:Yo lgs} hf]lvdk"0f{ x'G5 .
oltv]/ ;'Ts]/LnfO{ VjfOg] kf}li6s vfgfn] lzz'sf] :jf:Yodf k|ToIf k|efj kfb{5 .
o:t} ;'Ts]/L cfdfn] cfk\mgf] ;':jf:Yosf nflu ;xh cf/fd ug]{ jftfj/0f klg kfpg'kb{5 . o;sf
nflu dfdfn] g} a9L Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . dfOh", ;fgf] efOsf] / cfk\mgf] :jf:Yosf]
;ts{tfk"j{s x]/rfx ug'{xf]nf x} . . v';Lsf] pGdfbdf pGdlQP/ w]/} s'/f n]v]F . cGoyf
ePdf Ifdf ug'{xf]nf .
 dfdf, efO hGd]sf] v';Ldf pln{Psf v';Lsf t/ª\ux¿df t/lª\uFb} hfFbf tkfO{+sf] :jf:Yosf
af/]df ;f]Wg t e';'Ss} la;]{+5' . z/L/ b'Vg sd ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f cfdfaf6 yfxf kfPsL lyPF
t/ cfFvf s:tf] 5 s'lGg < xfdLnfO{ olt dfof ug]{ dfdfsf] hLjgdf 36]sf] Tof] b"3{6gf
eujfg\sf] 7"nf] e"nn] ePsf] xf] / eujfg\n] g} k|folZrQ :j¿k lgsf] agfO{ lbg]5g\ eGg]
dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . h'g s'/f xfd|f] xftdf 5}g, To;df xfdLn] dfq kL/ dfg]/ gx'Fbf]/x]5 . xfd|f]
xftdf sd{ ug]{ xs dfq 5, OdfGb/Lk"j{s sd{ u/f}F, olb k/LIff g} lng vf]h]sf x'g\
eujfg\n] eg] of] g} tkfO{+n] lbPsf] sl7g k/LIff x'g]5 / cjZo g} v/f] pqg' x'g]5 . xfdL
;a}sf] xh"/nfO{ z'e–sfdgf 5 .
dfdf–dfOh", w]/} s'/f s] n]v"F < hlt n]v] klg cw"/} /xG5 . ca cfPkl5 dfq s'/f u/f}Fnf . :jf:Yosf]
/fd|f];Fu Vofn ug'{ xf]nf .
tkfO+{sL Kof/L ef~hL
=====================
ljhof 1jfnL

lr7Ln]vgsf] gd'gf–@
=====================
;x[boL ldq =====================
gd:sf/ .
SkfDk;df gf/fjfhL / tf]8kmf]8 eO{ /x]sf] ;dodf ltd|f] lr7L xft k¥of] . k|
x/Lx¿ eL8nfO{ ltt/–lat/ kfg{ nf7L a;f{pFb} lyP, d Ifl0fs cfqmf]zdf cfP/ cfk"mn]
k9\g] SofDk;sf] ;DklQ ljgfz gu/f}F, ;+oldt xf]pmF eg]/ ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;+emfpFb} lyPF .
vfdsf] aflx/ n]lvPsf] ltd|f] gfdn] lr7L k9\g dnfO{ cft'/ eO/x]sf] lyof] . sf]7fsf] Ps s'gfdf
uP/ lr7Lsf] vfd vf]n]F / k9\g yfn]F . lr7Lsf x/]s zAb, jfSo / efjn] dnfO{ g]kfnsf]
 jt{dfg z}lIfs c:tJo:ttfb]lv ljt[i0ff hfUb} uof] . ToxfFsf] z}lIfs l:ylt, z}lIfs r]tgf /
ef}lts ;'ljwfn] d]/f] dgdf ulx/f] k|efj kfb}{ uof] / cfk"m hfg g;s]sf] df lg/fzf klg ePF .
ldq, SofDk; / ljZjljBfno /fhgLlts cv8f ag]sf 5g\ / ToxfF k9\g eg]/ hfg] ljBfyL{
/fhgLlts bnsf uf]6L . ljBfno aGb / cfGbf]ngn] lk/f]lnPsf 5g\ . x/]s kf6L{sf cfd;efdf
ljBfyL{sf] cf];fk;f/ ul/G5 . Pp6f tflnsf nflu %, ^ jif{sf afnaflnsf k|of]u ul/G5g\ . z}lIfs
Sofn]G8/sf] t s] s'/f eof] / ha k7gkf7g g} epsf] 5}g eg] . g]kfnsf SofDk;x¿ t lgoldt
k9\g sf nflu xf]Og k/LIffkm/fd eg{sf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . k9fpg] k'm;{b s;nfO{ kf] /
lzIfs, k|fWofks, sd{rf/L ;a} gf/fh'n'; / cfd;efdf Jo:t ePkl5, cem} 8/nfUbf] s'/f t ljBfno,
Sofk; / ljZjljBfno /fhgLlts bnsf k/LIf0f s]Gb| tyf k|If]k0f s]Gb| ePsf 5g\ .
ldq, ltd|f] efUo b]Vbf Oiof{ nfu]/ cfpF5 . ;lhn} le;f ldNof], ;dod} ljb]zdf k9\g hfg]
cj;/ kfof} . ljsl;t b]zsf] ;'ljwf;DkGg sn]hdf k9\g kfpg' ltd|f] efUo cxf]efUo xf] . dnfO{
t oxfF a:g Psl5g klg dg 5}g t/ s] ug'{, eg]hlt Aofª\sofn]G; b]vfpg ;lsGg, eg;'g ul/lbg]
sf]xL 5}g . k|lqmof ldn] klg xfdL h:tfnfO{ t le;f klg ldNbf] /x]g5 . k"j{ hGddf u/]sf]
kfksf] kmn g} o; hGddf u/La eP/ hGdg' /x]5, ;fob g/s eg]sf] g} oxL ul/aL hLjg xf] ls
< cr]n o:tf] nfUg yfn]sf] 5 .
ldq, k/LIff lbPsf] cf7 dlxgf eof] l/hN6 cfPsf] 5}g, csf]{ k/LIff slxn] x'g] xf], yfxf
5}g . jif{lbgdf hDdf PSsfO{; lbg k9fO ePsf] 5, sltko ljifosf k|fWofkssf] t cg'xf/ klg
b]lvPsf] 5}g, ljleGg ;ª\u7gsf ljBfyL{sf aLrdf åGå rln/x]s} 5 . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfuF}
z}lIfs cj:yf klg nyflnª\u ePsf] 5 . xfdL h:tf ljBfyL{sf nflu of]eGbf 7"nf] Iflt c¿ s]
x'g ;S5 / <
cGTodf ldq, sn]hdf ;j{k|yd ePsf]df d'/L–d'/L awfO{ 5 / pHofnf] eljiosf nflu z'e–sfdgf klg .
ToxfFsf] ;Dk"0f{ xfnva/ n]vL lr7L k7fpFb} ug"{, g]kfnsf] gjlgdf{0fsf nflu To;af6 7"nf]
k|]/0ff ldNg]5 . csf]{ lr7Lsf] ck]Iff;lxt of] lr7LnfO{ oxL aGb ub{5' .
ltd|f] ;bf z'e rfxg] ldq
 =================================
;~ho 1jfnL
lq–rGb| SofDk;
306f3/, sf7df8f}F

lr7Ln]vgsf] gd'gf–#
lk|o 5f]/f k|;"g
z'efzLjf{b .
ltdLn] k7fPsf] lr7L kfPF . 3/df ltd|L cfdf / alxgL cf/fd ePsf] va/n] d 9'Ss ePF .
eujfg\n] xfdL ;a}sf] sNof0f u¿g\ .
afa", ha b]zdf ;dflhs, ;f+:s[lts / cfly{s cflb kl/jt{gsf nflu /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng z'¿ x'G5 . t/
To; cfGbf]ngn] b"/bzL{ s'zn g]t[Tj / 7f]; uGtJo klxNofpg ;Sb}g eg] ltdLn] eg] h:tf]
To;n] ;w}F c:yL/tf / c:tJo:ttfnfO{ hGd lbg] u5{ . ltdLn] n]v]sf] / d}n] ;'g]sf] g]kfndf
h'g z}lIfs c:tJo:ttf 5, of] klg To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] . xfdL, /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh
;a}n] ;'lglZrt af6f] klxNofpg ;Sof}Feg] oL tdfd ;d:of :jtM x/fP/ hfg]5g\ .
k'q, xfd|f] b]z g]kfn oltv]/ k/Dk/fut ;+/rgfaf6 d'Qm eO{ cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] ofqfdf nlDsg
vf]h]sf] 5 . ljZjsf cg]sg b]zn] ljsf; / kl/jt{gsf If]qdf 7"nf] km8\sf] df/]sf]] jt{dfg
cj:yfdf xfdL hxfFsf] ToxLF 5f}F . ljBdfg cGwljZjf;, ?l9jfbL / k/Dk/fut
d"NodfGotfx¿n] k|ultsf] lzv/ r9\g] xfd|f v'§f afFlwlbP, clgolGqt ¿kdf alu/x]sf]
ljb]zL ;xof]un] xfdLnfO{ aFw'jf agfof], xfdLleqsf] ;Lk / ;fdYo{n] s'g} 7fpF kfPg . d
h:tf b'O{rf/ cIf/ k9]sf / yf]/} eP klg ;Lk / hfFu/ ePsf dflg;x¿ sfdsf] vf]hLdf o;/L
ljb]zsf] df6f]df /ut–kl;gf aufpFb} 5f}F . b]z–ljsf;sf] nflu /ut–kl;gf aufpg ;Sg] hf]z,
hfFu/ / zlQm ePsf nfvf}F o'jfx¿ ljb]z knfog ePsf 5g\, clxn] ufpFdf nf; af]Sg ;Sg]
 o'jfx¿ kfOFb}gg\, k"/} ufpF j[¢f>d ag]sf] 5 eg] b]zsf] ljsf; s;/L x'g ;S5 < jt{dfg
cfGbf]ngsf] d"n sf/0f klg oxL xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
afa", b]zk|ltsf] ltd|f] lrGtfaf6d}n] ef]lnsf] ;d'Ggt, ;d'HHjn / ljsl;t b]zsf] ;'Gb/ lrqsf]
sNkgf u/]sf] 5' . xfdLn] Pp6f o:tf] cleofg rnfcf}F h;n] b]zdf ljBdfg ljsf;sf
;Dk"0f{ ca/f]wx¿gfz u/f];\ / b]znfO{ gofF ;f]r, ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f, of]hgf / k"mlt{sf ;fy
cufl8 a9fcf];\ . ;w}Fsf] ?U0f / sdhf]/ b]zaf6 ltdLn] k9]/ dfq} s] g} kf] kfpF5f} / <
gjlgdf{0fsf nflu k'/fgf] ;+/rgfsf] cGTo h¿/L xf]Og / < ;+/rgf ;a} vQd eP eg]/ lsg lvGg
x'g] < gofF lgdf{0f PSn} kf] ug{ ;lsGg /, ;a}sf] p2]Zo Pp6} x'g] xf] / ;a} xf]:6]df
x}F;] ub}{ k|lta¢tfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] ;'Gb/ / ;d'Ggt g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f cjZo klg
6f9f 5}g .
5f]/f, xfdLx¿sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /f]u xfdL hlGdFb} ljrf/df hlGdG5f}F, To;}df
x'ls{G5f}F . o;n] g} xfd|f aLrdf åGåsf] l;h{gf u/]sf] xf] . b]z–ljsf;sf nflu bz{g xf]Og
b]z–elQm rflxG5 . Tof] b]z–elQm hf] cfk\mg} b]zsf] oyfy{ w/ftndf hGd]sf] xf];\ .
o;/L hGd]sf] bz{gn] dfq klg b]zsf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf; g} x'G5 eGg ;lsGg . To;sf nflu hf]z,
hfFu/, ;Lk / k|lta¢tfn] bz{gnfO{ l;~rg ug'{kb{5 . oL s'/fx¿nfO{ bz{gsf] cfFvfn]
x]g{ yfNof}F eg] 5f]/f, xfd|f] b]z slxNo} aGb}g . b]z–ljsf;sf] nIo ;a}sf] ;femf nIo
aGg'kb{5 . o;f] eof] eg] xfd|f] b]z klg kSs} :jL6\h/Nof08 aGg]5 .
k'q, o;k6s alxgLnfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ ul/lbg'k5{ . 5f]/LnfO{ lbOg] lzIffsf] Hof]ltn]
kl/jf/, ;dfh / b]z k"/} ;d'HHjn agfpF5, a¿ 3f]sGt] lzIff lbg] ljBfnoeGbf l;h{gfTds /
a'emfOsf] lzIff lbg] ljBfno 5fGg'knf{ . ltdL h:tf] ;r]t 5f]/fnfO{ d}n] slt ;+emfpmF .
ltd|L cfdfnfO{ d]/f] cflTds k|]d, 5f]/LnfO{ z'eflzif . afFsL csf]{ kqdf .
ldlt M ltdLnfO{ w]/} w]/} dfof ug]{ afaf
=========================
1fg k|;fb 1jfnL
 l;of]n, blIf0f sf]l/of

sfof{noLo lr7L -lgj]bg_ sf] :j¿ks:tf] x'G5 <

-s_ ldlt -bfofF efusf] l;/fgdf_

-v_ ;Daf]wg -sfof{no jf kbsf] gfd_
-u_ sfof{nosf] gfd
-3_ 7]ufgf
-ª_ ljifo -ljifo zLif{s lbO{ === ljifodf, ;DaGwdf jf af/]df egL n]Vg]_
-r_ d'Vo efu -lgj]bg n]Vg' kgf{sf] sf/0f cflb pNn]v ub}{ / oyf]lrt
sf/0fx¿ lbO{ ljifonfO{ k'li6ub}{ lghnfO{ cfk\mgf] cg'/f]wk|lt ;sf/fTds agfpg sf]l;; ug]{_
-5_ cGTo efu -;+nUg sfuhkq, k|df0fx¿ jf gub, efpr/ eP Tof] klg pNn]v ug]{_
-h_ lgrf]8 -ljZjf;sf ;fy cfzfjfbL ePsf] cleJolQm;lxt lgj]bs÷ejbLo n]vL ;f]d'lg cfk\mgf] gfd,
kb / 7]ufgf n]vL gfdsf] dfly x:tfIf/ ug]{ ._

lgj]bg n]vgsf] gd'gf–!

ldltM=====================
>ldfg\ k/LIff lgoGqsHo"
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no
pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\
;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/

ljifo M gfd ;RofO{ kfpmF eGg] af/] .

pko'{Qm ljifodf d}n] o;} jif{ @)&@ ;fndf P;cf]P; xd{g dfOg/ pRr dfWolds
ljBfnoaf6 lj1fg ;d"x cGtu{t sIff–!@ sf] k/LIff ljlzi6>]0fLdf ;d'QL0f{ u/L To; k/LIff
lgoGq0f sfof{noaf6 cfjZos z'Ns lt/L] dfs{l;6 / 6«fG;lqmK6 klg lnO;s]sf] 5' . t/ kl5
x]bf{ tL dfs{l;6 / 6«fG;lqmK6dff d]/f] gfd g]kfnLdf
======================= / cª\u]hLdf ================== x'g' kg]{df
cª\u|]hLdf ============================ eO{{ :k]lnª\ uNtL x'g uPsf]n]
 gfd ;RofO{ kfpmF egL of] lgj]bg k|:t't u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] ljBfnosf] clen]v, P;Pn;Lsf
dfs{;L6, sIff !! sf] dfs{l;6 tyf !! / !@ sf] k|j]z–kqdf klg gfd ;xL ePsf] t/ clxn] sIff !@
sf k|df0f–kqdf dfq o:tf] uNtL x'g uPsf] Joxf]/f klg cg'/f]w ub{5' .
gfd ;Rofpg] k|of]hgsf lgldQ d}n] P;Pn;Lsf] dfs{l;6, ljBfnosf] l;kmfl/;, sIff !! sf]
dfs{l;6 / sIff !@ sf] k|j]z–kqsf kmf]6f]skL klg o;};fy ;+nUg u/]sf] 5' . xh'/sf] hf]
cf1f .

lgj]bs M
gfd M
l;Dan g+=
/lhi6«]zg g+=

lgj]bgn]vgsf] gd'gf–@

ldlt M ==================
>Ldfg\ >d dGqLHo",
g]kfn ;/sf/
>d dGqfno
sf7df8f}F .

ljifo M cfjZos 5fglag / sf/jfxL ;DaGwdf .

dxf]bo,
pko'{Qm ljifodf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]Q/ k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]/ klg slxF st}
/f]huf/L kfpg g;sL a]/f]huf/ x'g afWo ePsf] d Ps a]/f]huf/ o'js x'F . d]/f] dgdf @)^$
sf] kl/jt{gkl5 lgs} cfzf / e/f];f knfPsf] lyof] . ca /fHosf] kl/jt{g;Fu} k'/fgf] /fHo–;
+/rgfleq /x]sf gftfjfb, s[kfjfb, kml/ofjfb, 3';jfb, sld;gjfb / rfs/Ljfb cflb ;a}sf] cGTo
x'g]5 eGg]df dnfO{ k"0f{ ljZjf; klg lyof] . d}n] w}/] lj1fkgx¿df k|ltikwL{sf ¿kdf
k/LIfff klg lbPF, cGt/jftf{ klg lbPF . d]/f] lnlvt / df}lvs k/LIff clt /fd|f] / pTs[i6
ePsf] k|ltlqmof klg :jo+ cGt/jftf{sf/x¿af6 kfPsf] lyPF t/ k/LIffkmn lgl:sg] a]nfdf
d]/f] gfd st} lgl:sPg . c¿ ;|f]taf6 a'‰bf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] of]Uotf dflgg] ;f];{kmf];{ /
eg;'g ul/lbg] d]/f] s'g} cfkmGtL gePsf] x'gfn] d c;kmn x'Fbf]/x]F5' . o;af6 dleq …
hlt hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sfÚ eGg] cg'e"lt x'g uO{ jt{dfg kl/kf6Lk|lt g} ljt[i0ff
pTkGg x'g yfn]sf] 5 . s]xL pkfo ge]6L cGTodf +d}n] /f]huf/Lsf nflu vf8L d'n's hfg]
lgwf] u/L Pp6f d]gkfj/df ;Dku{ u/]F . ToxfFaf6 d]/f] ;Dk"0f{ k|df0f–kq x]/L /fd|f]
 sfd nufO{ lbg] / To;sf nflu cfjZos /sdsf] cfwf k|ltzt clxn] g} hDdf ug'{k5{ eGg]
hfgsf/L kfPF . d}n] cfwf /sd hDdf u/]sf] klg sl/a Ps jif{ eof] . cGoq k|of; u¿F
kf;kf]6{ ToxLF 5, Tolt 7"nf] /sd klg a'emfOPsf] 5, kvf}{F eg] ca cem} slt jif{ kvf}
{F< lxhf] dfq kf;kf]6{ lbg'xf];\, d}n] cGoq} k|of; u5'{ eGg hfFbf
dnfO{ kf;kf]6{ klg kfOFb}g / /sd klg kfOFb}g egL 7f8f] hjfkm lbOof] . kl5 d}n]
a'‰bf ;of}F o'jfx¿ dh:t} kLl8t /x]5g\ . s]xL lbgkl5 ;a}hgf ldnL ;f]xL d]gkfj/ hfFbf t
To;sf ;~rfnsx¿ s'n]nd 7f]ls;s]sf] /x:o v'Nof] .
dxf]bo,
o:tf slt d]gkfj/ / bnfnx¿ g]kfndf 5g\ h;n] v'n]cfd g]kfnL u/La o'jfx¿nfO{ 7lu/x]sf 5g\
. o;af/]df xfdLn] ljefusf dxflgb]{zs;Fu klg lnlvt / df}lvs s'/f /fv]sf 5f}F . t/ pxfFaf6
klg cfjZos sf/afxLsf] s'g} nIf0f gb]v]kl5 xfdL dGqfnosf] 9f]sf 3R3Rofpg] k|of;
u/]sf xf}F . o;af6 klg s'g} ;dfwfg geP xfdL kLl8t o'jfx¿ cfkm}n] g} sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{
cj:yf cfpg]5 . t;y{M d ;ljgo cg'/f]w ub{5' ls u/La g]kfnL o'jfx¿nfO{ 7uL ug]{ To;
d]gkfj/dfly cfjZos sf/jfxL u/L xfd|f] kf;kf]6{, a'emfPsf] /sdsf] Jofh;lxt lkmtf{ /
Ifltk"lt{ tTsfn pknAw u/fOof];\ .
;fy} d}n] d]gkfj/ sDkgL;Fu u/]sf] ;+emf}tf, /sd a'emfPsf] /l;b, kf;kf]6{sf]
kmf]6f]skL o;};fy ;+nUg u/]sf] 5' . xh'/sf] hf] cf1f .

d]gkfj/–kLl8t lgj]bs M
gfd M
kf;kf]6{ g+= M
7]ufgf M
;Dks{ 7]ufgf M

lgj]bgn]vgsf] gd'gf–#

ldlt M ==================
>Ldfg\ k|frfo{Ho",
=======================
======================= .

ljifo M 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fOlbg] af/] .

dxf]bo,
 pko'{Qm ljifodf ljleGg ;dfrf/–kqsf dfWodaf6 d}n] o; ljBfno / o; ljBfnon] xfl;n u/]sf
pknlAwsf af/]df w]/} k9\b} / ;'Gb} cfPsL lyPF, o;}sf] k|efjsf sf/0f P;Pn;L
k/LIffdf /fd|f] cª\s k|fKt ug{ ;s]F eg] o;} ljBfnodf k9\g]5' egL dgdf c7f]6 klg u/]sL
lyPF . d]/f] lg/Gt/sf] kl/>d, a'jf–cfdfsf] ;xof]u clg lzIfs–lzlIfsfx¿sf] ljBfyL{x¿k|ltsf]
lg/Gt/sf] ;dk{0fsf sf/0f d}n] ljlzi6>]0fLdf P;Pn;L k/LIff klg pQL0f{ ug{ ;kmn ePF .
t/ xfdL h:tf u/La ljBfyL{x¿ k9\g] OR5f / rfxgfn] dfq} k9\g ;Sbf/x]g5f}F . cfhsf]
dxFuf] lzIffdf hf];Fu wg 5, To;}n] dfq /fd|f] lzIff k|fKt ug{ ;Sbf]/x]5 eGg] s'/f d}n]
clxn] aNn a'‰g yfn]sL 5' . hxfF h'g sn]hdf uP klg ToxfF b]lvg] t8s–e8s, jflif{s /
dfl;s z'Ns cToGt} dxFuf], ljleGg lsl;dsf nf]e–nfnr / cfZjf;g cflbaf6 d lbSs eO;s]sL
lyPF . o;} l;nl;nfdf d d}n], d]/f] dgn] / d]/f a'af–cfdfn] klg rfx]sf] o; ljBfnodf
cfPF . ;a} s'/f a'‰bf dh:tf u/La ljBfyL{n] k9\g ;Sg] Ifdtf d}n] b]lvg . t/ klg k|j]z
k/LIff lbPF, Ps gDa/df gfd klg lgl:sof], cGt/jftf{df klg Ps gDa/d} cfPF. t/
dnfO{ yfxf 5 olt w]/} jflif{s / dfl;s z'Ns clg j;sf] z'Ns lt/]/ d}n] oxfF klg k9\g ;lSbg .
dxf]bo,
lsgeg] d]/f] kfl/jfl/s / cfly{s cj:yf Psbd} hl6n 5 . xfdL kfFr ;Gtfg 5f}F . afafsf] hflu/
5}g / k|z:t hUUffhldg klg 5}g . cGo cfosf] ;|f]t klg vf; s]xL 5}g . o; cj:yfdf d}n]
rfx]sf] / g]kfns} pTs[i6 ljBfnodf k9fpg ;Sg] t emg\ s'/} ePg . t/ …vfg]
d'vnfO{ h'Fufn] 5]Sb}gÚ eGg] ;+emL cfTdf]T;fx / cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy 5fqj[lQsf nflu
>Ldfg\;dIf of] lgj]bg k|:t't ug]{ k|of; u/]sL 5' . d}n] ;'g]sL 5', P;cf]P; afnu|fd
afnaflnsfx¿sf] lzIff–bLIffdf ;dlk{t Ps ;]jfd"ns ;+:yf xf] . o;n] dh:tf ljkGg kl/jf/sf eP/
klg of]Uo / Ifdtfjfg\ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ klg k|bfg u5{ /] . lzIffsf] pHofnf] k|
sfzaf6 of]Uo / Ifdtfjfg\ ljBfyL{ jl~rt x'g'x'Fb}g eGg] d"n nIo af]s]sf] o; afnu|fd /
To;af6 ;~rflnt o; ljBfnok|lt d]/f] 7"nf] cfzf / e/f];f 5 . t;y{M klg of] lgj]bg >Ldfg\;dIf
k|:t't ug]{ cledfg u/]sL 5' .
>Ldfg\nfO{ yfxf g} 5, d}n] ;/sf/L ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 ljlzi6>]0fLdf P;Pn;L k/LIff
pQL0f{ u/]sL 5' / ljBfnosf] clen]v clg d}n] kfPsf k|df0f–kq tyf /]sdG8];g–kqsf
cfwf/df cg'zf;g, ;xsfo{ cflbdf d ;r]t 5' / ?lr klg /fVb5' . olb o; ljBfnon] dnfO{ k9\g]
cj;/ lbof] eg] d}n] o; ljBfnosf] gfd / oz a9fpg] tyf P;cf]P; afnu|fdsf]
gfd / ;]jfnfO{ ljZj;fd' km}nfpg] s'/fdf cfk\mgf] ;Dk"0f{ a'l¢, 1fg, ;Lk / kl;gf vr{ ug]
{5' .
;fy} 5fqj[lQsf lgldQ cfjZos l;kmfl/;–kqx¿ klg o;};fy;+nUg u/]sL 5' . >Ldfg\sf] hf] cf1f .
xh'/sL cf1fsf/L 5fqf
gfd M
7]ufgf M
Jofkfl/s lr7Lsf] :j¿k s:tf] x'G5 <

-s_ ldlt -bfofF efusf] l;/fgdf_

-v_ ;Daf]wg -k|sfzg, Jofkfl/s tyf cGo sf/f]jf/L ;+:yf jf k|f]k/fO6/÷;~rfnssf] gfd_
-u_ 7]ufgf-k|sfzg, Jofkfl/s tyf cGo sf/f]jf/L ;+:yfsf] 7]ufgf_
-3_ ljifo -ljifo zLif{s lbO{ ==================== ljifodf÷;DaGwdf÷af/]df egL n]Vg]_
-ª_ d'Vo efu -lr7L n]Vg'kgf{sf] sf/0f cflb pNn]v ub}{ sfd ul/lbg cg'/f]w ug]{_
-r_ cGTo efu-;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f / gubL sf/f]jf/ eP Tof] klg v'nfpg]_
-5_ lgrf]8 -ljZjf;sf ;fy cfzfjfbL ePsf] cleJolQm;lxt tkfO{+sf] ljZjf;kfq egL n]Vg] / ;f]d'lg
cfk\mgf] gfd, ;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf n]vL gfdsf] dfly x:tfIf/ ug]{ ._
-h_ l;/fgdf ldlt gn]v]/ k'5f/df afofFlt/ n]Vg'nfO{ klg :jefljs dflgG5 .

Jofkfl/s lr7Ln]vgsf] gd'gf–!

ldlt M ===============
lxdfnog a's P08 :6]zg/L
306f3/, jL/u~h
>Ldfg\ ljt/sHo",
/Tgk':ts e08f/
afujhf/, sf7df8f}F .
ljifo Mk':tsx¿ pknAw u/fOlbg] af/] .
dxf]bo,
oltv]/ sn]h, SofDk; tyf pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf ljleGg txsf k/LIffx¿sf] ?l6g k|sflzt
eO;s]sf] x'gfn] ljBfyL{x¿ k/LIffsf] tof/Lsf lgldQ kf7\o–k':ts Pj+ cGo ;xof]uL
kf7\o–;fdu|Lx¿sf] vf]hLdf Jo:t b]lvG5g\ . 7Ls oxL ;dodf xfd|f] k':ts k;ndf k':tsx¿sf]
lgs} cefj b]lvg cfPsf] x'gfn] lgDglnlvt k':tsx¿ s'g} 6«fG;kf]6{dfkm{t tTsfn
k7fO{ lbg'eO{ ;xof]u ug'{x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .
k':tsx¿ afktsf] nfUg] s]xL /sd d}n] jL/u~hdf /x]sf] g]kfn a}ª\s lnld6]8sf] vftf g+
======= df hDdf u/L To:sf] Psk|lt efpr/ o;};fy k7fPsf] 5' . k':tsx¿sf] lan k|fKt x'gf;fy
k'gM ;a} /sd ;f]xL a}ª\s dfkm{t k7fpg] s'/fsf] ljZjf; klg lbnfpF5' . ;xof]usf nflu
wGojfb Û
k':tsx¿sf] ljj/0f M
l;= g+= k':tsx¿sf] gfd k|sfzs yfg/k|lt
!_
@_
#_
$_
ldlt M ======= ============= tkfO{+sf] ljZjf;kfq M
============================
gfd M
Jofkfl/s ;+:yfsf] gfd
7]ufgf M

Jofkfl/s lr7Ln]vgsf] gd'gf–@

ldlt M ================

>Ldfg k|f]k/fO6/Ho",
z}lIfs k':ts e08f/
a'6jn, ?kGb]xL .

ljifo M lx;fa ldnfg ;DaGwdf .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf tkfO{Fsf] k':ts e08f/ / xfdLaLr h'g lsl;dsf] Jofkfl/s ;DaGw :yflkt ePsf] 5
To;af6 xfdLnfO{ lgs} v';L nfu]sf] 5 . o;jif{ xfd|f k':ts ljqm]tfx¿sf] clenn]vcg';f/ To; k':ts
e08f/af6 ;a}eGbf a9L k':tsx¿ ljqmL ePsf]af6 klg xfd|f] Jofkfl/s ;DaGwO{ cem} ljZjfl;nf]
agfPsf] dx;'; xfdLnfO{ ePsf] 5 . o;sf] ;xL d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/df tkfO{FnfO{ k':ts lbj;sf cj;/df
;jf]{Ts[i6 ljqm]tf k'/:sf/ klg k|bfg ul/g nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg kfpFbf xfdL ubub ePsf 5f}F . tkfO{F /
xfdLaLrsf] ljZjfl;nf] Pj+ e/kbf]{ ;';DaGw :yfkgfsf] lgldQ o;n] 7"nf] e"ldsf lgefpg]5 eGg]
xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .

k|f]k/fO6/Ho",
k|To]s jif{ c;f/ df;fGtdf To; jif{el/ o; e08f/af6 ePsf ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s sf/f]af/, lx;fa–lstfa cflbsf]
clGtd clen]v tof/ u/L To;jif{sf] sf/f]af/sf] cfly{s lx;fa–lstfa ldnfg u/L ;fpg ! ut]b]lv gofF
sf/f]af/ x'g] / To;sf] cfly{s lx;fa–lstfa klg ;f]xL jif{s} clen]vdf /flvg] ul/G5 . t;y{M tkfO{Fsf]
k':ts e08f/af6 o; e08f/sf gfddf afFsL /x]sf] cfly{s lx;fa–lstfa c;f/ @) ut]leq ldnfg u/L o;
e08f/sf] cfly{s cg'zf;g sfod /fVgsf nflu ;xof]u ul/lbg'x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . o; sfo{sf
nflu tkfO{FnfO{ yk ;xof]u k|fKt xf];\ eGg] x]t'n] o; e08f/df /x]sf] cfly{s clen]v klg o;};fy
k7fPsf 5f}F . b'j} clen]vaf6 ?h" u/L cfly{s lx;fa–lstfa ldnfgdf ;xof]u ug'{ x'g]5 eGg] xfdLn]
ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}F .

n]vfclws[t
========================
/Tg k':ts e08f/
afuahf/, sf7df8f}F

Jofkfl/s lr7Ln]vgsf] gd'gf–#

ldlt M ===================
>Ldfg\ k|sfzgk|d'vHo"
P8's]zg klAnlzª\ xfp;
hdn, sf7df8f}F .

ljifo M cfly{s ;DaGw:yfkgf / sf/f]af/ ;~rfngaf/] .

pko'{Qm ljifodf e/tk'/, lrtjgsf s]xL lzIffk|]dL / Jofkf/Lx¿sf] ;xof]u / cfly{s nufgLdf
xfdLn] Pp6f æ;fd'bflos k':ts ;Knfo;{ xf]dÆ gfd Jofkfl/s ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf u/]sf 5f}F . ut
gj jif{ @)&@ sf] pknIodf j}zfv ! ut]b]lv o;sf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] o; ;
+:yf;Fu sf7df8f}Fsf 7"nf k|sfzg u[xb]lv lnP/ clw/fHosf cGo k|sfzg u[xx¿ klg cfa¢ eO{
Jofkfl/s p2]Zon] cfk\mgf k|sfzg;fdu|Lx¿ k7fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ / ltgsf] /fd|f] Jofkf/ klg
x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg tkfO{Fsf] klAnlzª\ xfp;;Fu xfd|f] Jofkfl/s ;DaGw
:yfkgf x'g ;s]sf] /x]g5 . Tolt 7"nf] klAnzlª\ xfp;;Fu ;DaGw :yflkt x'g g;s]sf]df xfdL
Ifdf rfxG5f}F .
k|d'vHo",
tkfO{Fsf] k|sfzg u[xaf6 k|sflzt ePsf afn;flxTosf s]xL k':tsx¿ cGo ;Knfo;{x¿af6
xfdLnfO{ k|fKt t ePsf 5g\ t/ xfdL rfxG5f}F, k|sfzsx¿af6 g} cfk\mgf k|sfzgx¿ l;w}
xfdLnfO{ k|fKt xf]pmg\ . ;fy} cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL ;+emf}tf klg k|ToIf xfdLaLrd}
xf];\ / xfd|f] Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/ ljZjfl;nf] / e/kbf]{ ¿kdf lg/Gt/ ;~rfng, ljsf; / lj:tf/ xf];\ .
o;} p2]Zon] xfd|f] ;Knfo;{af6 ahf/Joj:yfks >L /fd hgd ofbj tkfO{Fsf] klAnlzª\ xfp;df cfpFb}
x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{Fsf] klAnlzª\ xfp; / xfd|f] ;Knfo;{ xf]dsf gLlt, lgod / cfly{s cg'zf;gsf
cwLgdf /xL xfdLaLrdf Pp6f 7f]; lnlvt ;+emf}tf xf];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}F, h;af6 xfd|f]
Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/ ;'b[9, ljsl;t / lj:tfl/t x'g ;sf];\ . ljz]if hgsf/L, ;'k/Lj]If0f / ;Nnfx, ;'emfjsf nflu
tkfO{FnfO{ xfd|f] xf]d xflb{s cfdGq0f klg ub{5 . ;xof]usf nflu xfdL xflb{s wGoafb 1fkg
ub{5f}F .
 k|jGws
;fd'bflos k':ts ;Knfo;{
========================
e/tk'/, lrtjg

!@= dgf]jfb
dgf]jfb eg]sf] s] xf] <
Pp6} JolQmsf] dfgl;s lrGtg, ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f cflbdf cfPsf] åGå -cGt;{ª\3if{_ sf] k|:t'lt
g} dgf]jfb xf] . o;df s'g} JolQmsf] bf]wf/] dgl:yltnfO{ s'g} csf]{ JolQml;t s'/fsfgL ug]
{ ¿kdf xf]Og, PSn} cfk"mdfq} dgdg} u'gu'gfpg] ¿kdf JoQm ul/G5 . To;}n]
dgf]jfbnfO{ s'g} s'/f jf ljifodf JolQmsf] dgleq pln{g] sNkgf tyf ljrf/sf] åGå elgG5 .
o;df ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljrf/ jf sNkgfsf] qmda¢tf geP klg x'G5 t/ cGTodf ;sf/fTds
cleJolQm;lxt ljifosf] k'li6 x'g'kb{5 . d"n¿kdf dgf]jfb df}lvs eP klg k/LIffsf
b[li6sf]0fn] lnlvt ¿kdf JoQm ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . dgf]lj1fgnfO{ cfk\mgf l;h{gfdf k|of]u
ug]{ ;kmn ;flxTosf/sf l;h{gf Pj+ cfTdsk/s lgaGw / lgofqfdf dgf]jfbsf] k|of]u kfpg
;lsG5 . k/LIffsf] k|of]hgsf nflu eg] lbOPsf] k|ZgnfO{ g} cfwf/ dfgL
To;}sf] ;]/f]km]/fleq s]lGb|t eO{ ljifoj:t' / ;do;Ldfleq afFlwP/ n]Vg' kg]{ x'G5 .

dgf]jfb s;/L n]Vg] <

!_ zLif{s rog M dgf]jfb klg s'g} vf; zLif{sdf cfwfl/t eP/ n]lvG5 . zLif{sdf å}w dgl:ylt x'g'
cfjZos 5 . h:t}M /dfOnf pT;j, cTolws ;kmntf, e|d0f, b'vb 36gf cflb dgf]jfbsf zLif{s aGg
;S5g\ .
@_kfq M dgf]jfb stf{nfO{ k|yd k'?ifdf n]lvG5 . o;y{M o;sf] kfq n]vs :jod\ g} x'G5 .
#_ xfjefj M dgf]jfb n]vgsf qmddf :j:k"mt{ ¿kdf x'g] lqmofsnfknfO{ sf]i7sleq /fvL ;ª\s]t
ug{ ;lsG5 .
$_ dgf]jfb JolQmut jf lghL ljrf/x¿sf] k|:t'lts/0f eP klg ;dfhnfO{ ;xL dfu{ bz{g ug]{, lzIff /
;Gb]z lbg] s'/fx¿sf] 5gf]6 u/L n]Vg' kb{5 .
%_ dgf]jfb ljrf/x¿sf] lj>[ª\vlnt n]vg xf] tfklg k|;ª\u cg';f/ cg'R5]b abNg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
^_ k|]/0ff M gf6s / lgaGwsf] dgf]jfbfTds cleJolQmaf6 o; ljwfsf] n]vgdf kof{Kt k|]/0ff lng
;lsG5 .
&_ ;sf/fTds ;f]rM dgdf pTkGg gsf/fTds ;f]r / ljrf/ Tofu]/ ;sf/fTds ;f]rtkm{ pGd'v ePsf] :ki6
cleJolQm n]vgdf b]lvg'k5{ .
*_ efiffz}nL M dgf]jfbsf] efiffz}nL sf]dn, ;/n / k|:t'lt qmda4 x'g'k5{ .
(_ l;/fgsf] bfofF efudf ;do / :yfg pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 .

dgf]jfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–!

nf]stflGqs cfGbf]n @)^÷^@

;do M /ftsf] !! ah]
:yfg M zog sIf

-/ftsf] P3f/ ah]sf] x'G5 . /d0f lgbfpg vf]H5,lgbfpg ;Sb}g . g]kfnL hgtfn] s]–s] g} kfOPnf
em}F u/L Tolt 7"nf] cfGbf]ng u/] t/ s]xL kfPgg\ . b]z emg} eb|uf]n / c:yL/ aGof] .
g]tfx¿ ToxL c:yL/tfsf] t/ rf6\g Jo:t eP . cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL ePsf] Ps cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] gftfn] cfh
/d0fsf] dgdf cg]s ljrf/ Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ pln{Psf 5g\ ._

dflg;df ;xg ;Sg] Ifdtf ;lsPkl5 w}o{sf] afFw 6'6\5 / ljb|f]xsf] cfuf] blGsg yfNb5 . g]kfnL
hgtfsf] l;wf / ;'wf]kgsf] kmfObf lnP/ s}of}F lg/ª\s'ztfjfbLx¿n] hgtfsf] lz/df 6]s]/ xfnLd'xfnL
u/] . cfk\mgf] ;Qf / zlQmsf lgldQ hgtfsf] xs / clwsf/ dfq vf];]gg\ b]zsf] k|ult / ;d[l¢df ;d]t
ca/f]w k'¥ofP .cg]s e|d km}nfP/ zf;g ug]{ lg/ª\s'z k|j[lQ / To;leq n's]/ a;]sf] s'lT;t :jfy{sf]
kbf{kmf; Pslbg cjZo x'g'lyof] / eof] klg . Tof] cfGbf]ng ;+lemFbf d clxn] klg em;ª\u x'G5' .
x'g t pGgfO{; lbg;Dd g]kfnL hgtf h'g p2]Zosf nflu n8] / ;ª\3if{ u/],To;sf]
kl/0ffdnfO{ cjZo klg gsfg{ ;lsGg . jiff}{+jif{;Dd sfod /x]sf] clwgfojfbL
lg/ª\s'z k|j[lQ k/fhosf] ;ª\3f/df k'Uof], zf;g;Qf / /fhgLltnfO{ cfk\mgf] :jfy{df k|
of]u ug]{ k|j[lQn] uNtL :jLsf/ u¥of] / hgtfn] cfk\mgf] xs, clwsf/ /
;fj{ef}ldstfsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfP . o; dxfg\ pknlAwk|lt hgtfn] uf}/jsf] cg'e"lt
ug'{ :jefljs klg xf] . cf === dh:tf] ljBfyL{n] /fhgLltsf olt 7"nf s'/f ;f]r]/ s]xL
kmfObf 5}g . km]l/ d]/f] s'/fdf s;n] kf] rf;f] lnG5 / <
t/ dnfO{ nfU5, cfGbf]ngdf hlt dflg; ;lxb, 3fOt] / ckfª\u eP To;sf] t'ngfdf k|fKt
pknlAw s] w]/} g} xf] t < cxF, kSs} xf]Og . ;+lemFbf klg cfª\ lhl/ª\u x'G5 .
nuftf/sf] sk\mo'{, nf7Lrfh{, c>'UofF;sf uf]nf, aGb'ssf] cfjfh, dflg;sf] sf]nfxn,
vfBj:t'sf] cefj g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df /fHo–ljb|f]xsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pbfx/0f aGof] .
olt b'Mv hgtfn] lsg ;x]sf lyP < hgtf lsg dg{ t}of/ eP < s] o;}sf] nflu xf] t <
 cfGbf]ngdf v]n]sf] e"ldsf ;+lemFbf cr]n t dnfO{ cfkm}b]lv nfh nfu]/ cfpF5 .
wt\ Û d /fhgLlts bnsf] s:tf] uf]6L ePF5' <
-cFw]/L /ftdf cf]5\ofgdf klN6Psf] /d0f emg} uDeL/ aGb5 ._ g]kfnsf] cfsfzdf
sfnf] afbn d8fl/Psf] 5 . ef]ln o; b]zsf] eljio v} s:tf] x'g] xf] < s;}nfO{ yfxf
5}g . b]zn] dfu]sf] s'/f x/]s ju{, If]q, lnª\u, hfthflt, hghflt cflb ;a}sf] d'lQm /
:jtGqtf xf] . cfh ;a}lt/af6 tL ;a} hgtf cfk\mgf b'v];f lnP/ pln{/x]sf 5g\, ;fj{ef}d
dflg; eP/ afFRg] rfxgf lnP/ s'ln{/x]sf 5g\ . olb ;dod} ltgLx¿sf] rfxgf /
cfjfhnfO{ { Jojl:yt ug]{ b"/bzL{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfd ul/Pg eg] b]zsf] cl:tTj
klg ;ª\s6df kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fob oxLs/0fn] xf] ls cr]n g]tfx¿ s]xL uDeL/ ePsf 5g\
.
-/d0f s]xL 9'Ss x'G5 / nfdf] ;f; km]5{ ._ h] xf];\, xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L g]tfsf
kf]N6fdf xflnlbPsf 5f}F . xfd|f] xftdf g ;/sf/ 5, g zlQm 5 . lbglbg}sf] c:tJo:ttfn] u|l;t / kLl8t
xfdLn] ;w}Fel/ cfGbf]ngsf] /fFsf] afNg ;Sb}gf}F Sof/] . x] g]tf Û ltd|} e/f];f . s]xL ;do
kvL{ a:g' g} 7Ls xf]nf ls <
-/d0f sf]N6] km]/]/ l;/sn] d'v 5f]K5 ._

dgf]jfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–@

k|j]lzsf k/LIff ljlzi6>]0fLdf pQL0f{ ubf{

;do M /ftsf] ( ah]
:yfg M ;'Tg] sf]7f
-k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] k/LIffkmn k|sflzt x'G5 . P +P+u|]l8ª\ ;lxt /f]zgL ljlzi6 >]0fLdf pQL0f{ x'G5]
. lbge/ ;fyL–efO, Oi6–ldq, u'?–u'?cfdf cflb;Fusf] e]63f6n] ylst pm cf]5\ofgdf t klN6G5] t/
eljiosf] lrGtf / lhDd]jf/Lsf] sNkgfdf pm slQ lgbfpg ;lSbg ._

xf] cfh d}n] w]/}af6 k|z+;f kfPsL 5' / w]/} v';L klg 5' . Ps lsl;dn] bz jif{;Dd
d}n] u/]sf] s7f]/ kl/>d / Tofusf] pknlAw klg xf] . xf], of] d]/f] dxfg\ pknlAw
xf] t/ s] olQd} d]/f] st{Jo / bfloTj k"/f eof] t < ca d}n] s]xL ug'{kb}{g < d]/f]
o;eGbf k/ s'g} csf]{ p2]Zo 5}g < lsg 5}g < cjZo 5 . cufl8 a9\b} hfgsf nflu o;n]
ddf gofF xf};nf / hfFu/ ykL lbPsf] 5 . d}n] oxL xf};nf / hfFu/sf ;fy pRr lzIff
xfl;n u/]/ ;+;f/s} dxfg\ dflg; aGg] ofqfdf cufl8 a9\g'5 . cfh ddfly ul/g] k|
z+;fnfO{ olb sfod /fVg ;lsg eg] of] pknlAw afn'jfdf kfgL xfn]em}F x'g]5 . cfh
d}n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmntf / c¿af6 kfPsf] k|z+;fn] ddfly lhDd]jf/Lsf] emg} 7"nf]
af]em ykL lbPsf] 5 . -/f]zgL cfk"mleqs} sNkgfdf x/fpg yfNb5] ._
 olb d cg'QL0f{ ePsf] eP === < ul0ftsf] lbg t d k|Zgkq xftdf kbf{ kl;gf–kl;gf
ePsL lyPF, nf} ca s] ug]{ xf]nf egL cflQPsL klg lyPF t/ k|Zgx¿ xn ub}{ hfFbf
ddf cfTd;Gt'li6 / cfTdf]T;fx pTkGg x'Fb} uof], d}n] /fd|f] u/]F . gq d}n]
;dfhdf s;/L d'v b]vfpg ;Sy]F / < ptf afaf–cfdfdf klg v';Lsf] ;Ldf 5}g . olb d]/f]
k/LIff lalu|Psf] eP / d ;L jf 8L u|]l8ª\df k/]sL eP pxfFx¿sf] cj:yf emg\ s:tf]
x'GYof] xf]nf < k/LIffdf ;a}nfO{ To:t} x'Fbf] xf] ls dnfO{ dfq . k/LIff cfof]
ls d Psbd xtf; x'G5', lsg xf]nf <;/n] t eGg'x'GYof], æ;w}F /fd|f] ug'{k5{, egL
cfTdaf]w ug]{ h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{ o:t} x'G5 /] .Æ h] xf];\ d}n] klxnf]
v'8\lsnf] ;lhn} kf/ u/]F . eljiok|ltsf] ;r]tgf;Fu} cfTd–v';L klg x'G5 dnfO{ .
of] xfd|f] k/LIff–k|0ffnL klg ;fx}| g} cJojxfl/s / k/Dk/fut 5 . jif{ lbg;Dd 3f]l6P/
k9\of], k/LIffsf] ;dodf la/fdL eOof] ls ;a} uof] . cl3kl5 /fd|f] u/]/ s] ug'{,
k/LIffsf] ;dodf clnslt s]xL eO{ lbof] eg] ;a} vQd . o:tf] k/LIff–k|
0ffnLsf] ;'wf/tkm{ ljåfg\x¿sf] rf;f] lsg guPsf] xf]nf < ljr/f tNnf3/] /fd' Û
:s'ndf ;w}F k|yd x'GYof], af]8{df cfpF5 eg]/ ;/x¿ eGg'x'GYof] t/ k/LIffdf
6fOkmfO8 eP/ cf]5\ofg k¥of], ;a rf}k6 . clxn] ljr/f Ûljut ;+em]/ /f]O/x]sf] 5 .
-/f]zgLsf] dgdf;Dk"0f{ k/LIff–k|0ffnLk|lt g} l/; pTkGg x'G5 ._
xf]Og, ca s] k9\g] xf]nf <sn]hlt/ kmf/fd klg afF8\g yfn]] t/ d}n] eg] s]xL lgZro
g} ug{ ;s]sL 5}g . 5f]/L 8fS6/ eP/ lgM:jfy{ ¿kdf u/La, cgfy, c;xfox¿sf]
:jfYof]krf/df nfuf];\ eGg] afaf–cfdfsf] ljrf/ klg dxfg\ g} xf] t/ /fd|f ljBfyL{
;a}n] lj1fg k9\g] xf] / 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ aGg] xf] eg] jlsn, snfsf/, ;flxTosf/, k|
zf;s, lzIfs / g]tf sf] x'g] < s] 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/afx]s c¿ ;a} sdhf]/ 5g\ < cxF,
k6Ss} xf]Og . cfh sltko ljBfyL{ / cleefjs k};fsf] nflu cfk\mgf 5f]/f–
5f]/LnfO{ 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ agfpg rfxG5g\ . cfh cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f /
pTkL8gaf6 slt u/Lax¿nfO{ ;dfhdf afFRg ufx|f] eO{ /x]sf] 5 .
pgLx¿nfO{ dfG5] g7fGg] xfd|f] ;dfhn] pgLx¿sf Go"gtd dfgjclwsf/ klg vf];L
lbPsf] 5 . d}n] jlsn eP/ pgLx¿sf] d'lQmsf nflu lgMz'Ns jsfnt ug{ ;s]F eg]
Tof]eGbf 7"nf] dfgj–pksf/ c¿ s]xL x'g]5}g . s] d]/f] o; s'/fdf afaf–cfdf ;xdt x'g'
xf]nf t < klxn] gx'g' xf]nf t/ d}n] ;+emfPF eg] cjZo klg dfGg'x'g]5 . clv/
pxfFsf] ;kgf klg t bLg, b'MvL, c;xfo, u/La / lgd'vf hgtfsf] ;]jf g xf] .
-s] k9\g] / eljiodf s] aGg] eGg] s'/fn] /f]zgLnfO{ lk/f]Ng yfNb5 .
h] h] k9\of], ToxL /fd|f] . t/ xf]Og, ±@ df t lj1fg g} k9\g'k5{ . lj1fg kl9of] eg]
kl5 sfg'g, Joj:yfkg, sDKo'6/, dfgljsL ;a} ljifo k9\g kfOG5 . cflv/ kl5 jlsn aGg
dg nfUof] eg] klg kfOG5 g} . ±@ df lj1fg k9\g] ljBfyL{sf nflu ;a} 9f]sf v'nf
x'G5g\ /] . -dgdg} /f]zgLn] lj1fg k9\g] c7f]6 u5]{ ._
t/ sxfF k9\g] Rofp pd|]em}F pd|]sf sn]h / tL sn]hn] ug]{ lj1fkgb]lv d lbSs
ePsL] 5' . cfk"mv';L z'Ns tf]Sg] 5fqj[lQsf] k|nf]eg lbP/ ljBfyL{ tfGg vf]Hg]
 h'g c:j:y k|ltikwf{ cr]n sn]hx¿df b]lvPsf] 5 To;n] lzIffnfO{ Jofkf/Ls/0f u/]sf] 5
. lzIffIf]qnfO{ Jofkf/Ls/0f u/]/ ;/sf/n] cfk\mgf] 6fpsf] b'vfO sd u/]sf] t xf]nf t/
o;af6 lzIff If]qdf ljs[lt hlGdPsf] 5 . st} d klg c;n sn]hsf] vf]hLdf o:t} Jofkfl/s ;
+:yfdf t k'lUbg <
-/f]zgL em;ª\u x'G5] ._
cf]xf] Û s]–s] ;f]Rg k'u]F5' . ef], ca t ;'Tg' klg k5{ . ef]ln laxfg} a'af–cfdfn] blIf0fsfnL
dfO{sf] bz{g ug{ hfg] eGg'ePsf] 5 . rfF8} p7\g'k5{ .
-/f]zgL l;/sn] d'v 5f]K5] ._

dgf]jfbn]vgsf] gd'gf–#
n'lDagLdf 3'Dg hfFbf
;do M lbp;f]
:yfg M j;sf] ofqf

-sIff–!@sf;fyLx¿ z}lIfs e|d0fsf nflu n'lDagLsf] ofqfdf lyof}F . xfdLnfO{ af]s]sf] j;

yfgsf]6af6 cf]/fnf] nfUb} lyof] . vfN8fv'N8L k/]sf] ;fF3'/f] gfua]nL ;8sdf hfg] / cfpg]
uf8Lx¿sf] nfOg lyof] . rf/ gDa/ l;6sf] ‰ofndf a;]/ aflx/ x]l//x]sf] dleq Ps}k6s 8/ / qf;af6
pTkGg sNkgfx¿ d8fl/g yfNb5g\ ._
;w}F kmf]xf]/, w"nf], w'Fjf / sf]nfxnaLr hLjg afFlr/x]sf] dnfO{ g]kfn eg]sf]
oxL sf7df8f}F h:t} 5 eGg] nfUYof], jl/kl/ cUnf–cUnf kxf8L >[ª\vnfsf
aLrdf ;Dd k/]sf] 7fpF . dnfO{ yfxf 5, Psk6s d}n] æt/fO{ s:tf] x'G5 lg ;/ <Æ
egL kZg ubf{ sIffsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ unnn xFf;]sf lyP . lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ ldn]/
g]kfn ag]sf] 5 egL ;/n] k9fpFbf d cg'dfg uy]]{F t/fO{ eg]sf] sf7df8f}Fsf] ;Dd
k/]sf] 7fpF, lxdfn eg]sf] pQ/lt/ b]lvg] ;]tf lxdfnL >[ª\vnf / kxf8 eg]sf] cUnf
cUnf 8fF8fx¿ x'g\ . t/ clxn] d]/f tL ;a} cg'dfg unt /x]5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] cg'e"lt x'g
yfn]sf] 5 . tn stf xf] stf b]lvg] vf]N;fvfN;L / dfly b]lvg] cUnf 8fF8f d}n]
g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfdf o:tf] ljljwtf xf]nf egL sNkgf klg u/]sf] lyOg .
-cf]/fnf]df u'l8/x]sf j;df crfgs} a|]s nfU5 . d em;ª\u x'G5' ._
k[YjL/fhdfu{df lqz'nLsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ xfd|f] ofqf rln/x]s} lyof] . d]/f] x[bodf
g]kfnsf] ofyfy{ lrq sf]l/Fb} uof] . o:tf eL/kfvf kmf]/]/ ;8s agfpg slt sl7g ePsf]
xf]nf < slt nufgL nfu]sf] xf]nf < xfd|f l5d]sL b]zx¿ jf:tjd} g]kfnsf] ljsf; xf];\
eGg] rfxG5g\, gq lsg o:tf] ;8s agfpg ;xof]u uy]{xf]nfg\ < jf:tjdf g]kfnsf] ljsf;df
ef/tn] 7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 . dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ klg t ef/ts} ;xof]udf ag]sf] xf]
Sof/] . olb j; lqz'nL gbLdf v:of] eg] === < pln{/x]sf] lqz'nLn] d]/f] ;ftf] lnof] .
 lqz'nLdf v;]/ j; x/fPsf / s}of}F ofq'x¿ d/]sf] ;dfrf/ d]/f sfgdf u'l~hgyfn] . x]/, oL
dfOqmf]j;x¿ Û s:tf] tLa| ultdf s'bfPsf xf]nfg\, clnslt s]xL eP/ c¿ uf8Ldf
7f]lsof] eg] === < /fd /fd Û ;8s b"3{6gf eg]sf] cfkm} u/fP/ dfq} sxfF x'G5 / <
8«fOj/x¿sf] o:t} nfk/jfxLn] ubf{ cfh s}of}F ofq'x¿n] csfnd} Hofg u'dfpg'k/]sf]
5 . æbfO Û j; lj:tf/} rnfpg' g x} .Æ crfgs} d]/f] d'vaf6 cfjfh cfpF5 .
g]kfns} ;a}eGbf Jo:t /xg]] o:tf] ;8sdf v} st} 6«flkms klg b]lvGgg\, c:ktfn klg
5}gg\, k'ln; rf}sL klg 5}gg\ . s:tf] c;'/lIft ofqf ug'{kbf]{ /x]5 xfdL g]kfnLx¿n]
< To;}n] t b"3{6gf x'G5 . olb o:tf /fhdfu{sf] 6«flkms Joj:yfkgdf ;/sf/n] Wofg
lbg] xf] eg] lbgx'F x'g] ;8s b"3{6gfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsGYof] eGg]
dnfO{ nfUof] .
l;wf / lrNnf] ;8s, j;df ;/// . To:tf] 8/nfUbf] k[YjL/fhdfu{af6 cfPsf]
dnfO{ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] ofqfn] lgs} /dfOnf] u/fof] . ca t n'lDagL klg cfpg}
nfu]xf]nf . d}n] dgdg} ;f]r]F, g]kfn eg]sf] k|fs[lts ljljwtfn] ;lhPsf] ;'Gb/ b]z
/x]5 . kx]Fn} wfgsf afnf nxnx b]Vbf t dnfO{ :ju{s} ofqf u/]sf] h:tf] eof] . cfxf
Û slt /dfOnf] Û d]/f cfFvf t/fO{sf kmfF6x¿df x/fO{ /x] .
ænf}, n'lDagL cfof] .Æ P n'lDagL cfO;s]5 Û dfofb]jLsf] dlGb/, czf]s:tDe,
kf]v/L, u'Daf ;a} d]/f cfFvf cufl8 3'Dg yfn] . clx+;f, zflGt, ;b\efj, ;lxi0f'tf /
;xof]usf] zª\3f]if ug]{ uf}td a'¢ cfh b]znfO{ rflxPsf] 5 . cfk;L åGå, lx+;f,
ckx/0f / czflGtaf6 56kl6Psf] cfhsf] g]kfndf zflGt:yfkgfsf nflu km]l/ dfofb]jL
ue{jtL x'g'k/]sf] 5 , km]l/ l;¢fy{ hlGdg'k/]sf] 5 . crfgs} d]/f] dgdf eujfg\ a'¢sf]
cfjZostf dx;'; eof] . dfgjsNof0fsf nflu a'¢n] hGdfPsf] bz{g / pgsf ;Gb]zx¿sf]
cfjZostf emg} a9]sf] 5 . ca a'¢ n'lDagLdf l;ldt x'g'x'Fb}g, g]kfnel/ km}lng'k5{,
ljZjel/ 5l/g'k5{ . æa'¢ Û k"hf / elQmdf /dfP/ u'Daf / r}Todf s]lGb|t gxf]pm .
cfh g]kfn slt /f]Psf] 5, g]kfnL hgtf slt 56kl6Psf 5g\, Psk6s cfFvf vf]n]/ x]/ t .
ca xfdL ;a} ldn]/ a'¢ hufpg'k5{ clg dfq g]kfndf zflGt cfpg]5 . ho a'¢ Û ho
zflGt Û
-d a;]sf] j; n'lDagLsf] xf]6]ndf uP/ /f]lsG5 . æP ehg Û s] ;f]r]/ 6f]nfPsf] <Æ l;h{gfsf] cfjfhn]
d em;ª\u x'G5' . 6fpsf] 3'dfP/ otfptf x]5'{ . ;a} ;fyL emf]nf ;lxt j;af6 cf]nL{ ;s]sf x'G5g\ . d klg
x:ofª\km:ofª\ ub}{ cf]ln{G5' / sf]7flt/ nfU5' ._

gd'gf–$

sfdsf nflu ljb]z

;fdfg slt kf] 5 / eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] dnfO{ t/ Jofu c6];d6]; eof], uD5f / cGo
lvlqldqL /fVg afFsL g} 5 . n}hfg cN5L u/]/ klg s] ug'{ /< ljb]zsf] 7fpF,
 cfkmGtL sf]xL 5}gg\ . hfg]lalQs} ;a} s'/f rflxg] . xfd|L cfdf k]ml/ sxfF
dfGg'x'G5 / < of] klg rflxG5, Tof] klg rflxG5, of] klg n}hf, Tof] klg n}hf .
d]/f] le;f cfPb]lv g} 56kl6g yfNg'ePsf] 5 cfdf . t/ afafsf] d'6' t 9'ª\ufs} xf] ls
Sof xf] < Pp6f 5f]/f] Tof] klg nfdf] ;dosf nflu ljb]zlt/ nfUb} 5, slQ dtna 5}g .
;fdfg lsgL lbg], Jofu ldnfO{ lbg] ;a} cfdfn] g} xf] . wGo xfd|L cfdf Û
ljkGgtfleq klg ;DkGgtfsf] Jojxf/ ug'{x'G5, ;'vsf] cg'e"lt ug'{x'G5, kL/ /
lrGtfnfO{ dgleq} bafP/ aflx/ k|;Gg b]lvg'x'G5 . cfh;Dd ufpFsf s;}n] cfdfsf
ljifodf s'/f sf6]sf] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . cfk\mgf] b'Mvsf] slQ kjf{x 5}g, csf{sf]
b'Mvdf cfF;' emfg'{x'G5 . dfGg} k5{ af Û xfd|L cfdfnfO{ Û o:tL
cfdfnfO{ 5f]8]/ b'O{ b'O{ jif{sf nflu ljb]z hfg'5 . d]/f] le;f nfu]b]lv g} pxfFsf]
dg lrGtfn] lk/f]lnPsf] d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . lxhf] ;fFem vfgf vfg] a]nfdf
Psf]xf]/f] dnfO{ x]l//xg' ePsf] lyof] . h] xf];\, d]/L cfdf ddtf / :g]xsL k|
ltd"lt{ g} x'g'x'G5 . o:tL cfdfsf] xftaf6 6Lsf yfk]/ labf lng'5 . ;+lemFbf klg d'6'
k'mN5 .
-ef]ln laxfg rfF8} p7\g'5 . ef], ca t ;'Tg'k5{ . l;/sn] d'v 5f]K5' ._
7"N7"nf sf/vfgf, cf7–cf7 306f sfd ug'{kg]{, Tof] klg la/fgf] 7fpF . cem} g]kfnL
bfh'efO gePsf] sf/vfg k¥of] eg] t === < clnslt tnlatn k¥of] ls Hofg} hfg] vt/f x'G5
eG5g\ . kf]xf]/ ;fn pkNnf3/] dfOnfbfOsf b'j} xft sfl6P/ kmls{g'eof] . tNnf3/] sfG5f
klg sfd} ug{ g;s]/ kmls{Psf lyP . oxfFeGbf /fd|f] sfd 5, k};f klg /fd|f] 5 eG5g\ t/
ToxfF uPkl5 7Ls pN6f] x'G5 /] . sltko sDkgLx¿n] t eg]sf] hlt k};f klg lbGgg\ /] .
h]xf];\, dnfO{rflxF To:tf] ;d:of gknf{, cfk\mg} dfdfn] ldnfO{ lbPsf] sfd . x'g t s] g}
eGg ;lsG5 / . pxfF cfkm" hfg'ePsf] 5}g . c¿sf] s'/f s] eGg ;lsof] / < /fd|f] xf];\
eGbfeGb} klg slxn]sfxLF pN6f] x'G5 . o; k];fdf s;}sf] klg e/ kg'{x'Gg eG5g\ . /fd|f]
lbG5' eGg]n] g} e'mSofPkl5 pxfFsf] dfq} s] bf]if / <
-xf]Og, lgb|f klg lsg gnfu]sf] xf]nf . afx| klg ahL ;s]5 . ef], ca t lgbfpg}k5{ . sf]N6]
kmls{G5' ._
>d / kl;gfnfO{ To;} df6f]df aufpg'eGbf t hfg' g} a]; . lbge/ d]nfkft uof], v]t–af/Ldf 8Nnf kmf]
¥of], 3Ff;–bfp/f u¥of] . laxfgb]lv a]n'sL;Dd km';{b x'Fb}g . olt ldlxg]t ubf{ klg pTkfbg
k'm:;f . slxNo} cfsfzaf6 kfgL kb}{g, slxn] /f]u nfU5, slxn] af9L–klx/f]n] :jQ/ agfOlbG5 .
gf]s/L u/f}F eGof],gf]s/L vf]Hof], st} kfOGg, clg s] ug"{ < o:tf] lg/y{s / pknlAw z'Go hLjg
lhpg'eGbf t 6fk 7f]Sg' g} 7Ls xf] . ToxL c/a uP/ sltn] cfk\mgf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;s] . -cf ===
cf=== o:tf] s'/f ;f]r]/ klg sxLF x'G5 . ca t lgbfpg'k5{ ._
ef]ln cf7 ah] g} ljdfg:yn k'Ug' k5{ /] . alxgL cfhb]lv g} …bfO, d klg hfg] x}Ú eGb}
kl5 nfu]sL 5] . x'g klg slt dfof u5]{ dnfO{ . hxfF uP klg kl5 nfU5] . s;/L ;+emfpg]
xf]nf v} p;nfO{ < dnfO{ cfdfsf] cj:yf ;+lemFbf kf] 8/ nfU5 t . x'FSsx'FSs ub}
 { lgwf/df cIftf nufO{ lbFbf d]/f] l:ylt emg\ s] xf]nf< To;df klg ;fyLefOn] laxfg}
cfpF5f}F eg]sf 5g\ . gcfcf] eGg klg ePg afnssfnb]lv;Fu} x's]{a9]sf / v]n]sf ;fyL .
xfdL g]kfnLx¿df slt cfTdLo ;DaGw 5 Pscsf{df . ;fdflhs k/Dk/f, Psfk;sf] lxt}ifL ldqtf /
cfkmGtLaLrsf] k|]d / ;b\efjsf] hudf xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfh afFr]sf] 5 .
ljb]zLx¿ g]kfnLx¿sf] oxL efjgfTds ;DaGw b]v]/ nf]leG5g\ . cfk"m dfq agf}F / cfk"m
dfq afFrf}F eGg] dfGotfdf x's]{a9]sf tL ljb]zLnfO{ s] yfxf cfk;L ;b\efj, ;xof]u,
d]nldnfk / lzi6tfsf] s'/f .
-p7]/ Pslunf; kfgL lkpF5' / k]ml/ sf]N6] km]/]/ lgbfpg] sf]l;; u5'{ ._
cfh g]kfnL o'jfx¿ pj{/ g]kfnL df6f]sf] ;]jf ug{ 5f]8]/ o;/L ljb]zL df6f]sf] ;]jfdf knfog
x'g' cjZo g} /fd|f] xf]Og . a¿ cfwf k]6 vfP/ eP klg :jb]zd} vgLv;|L ug'{ kg]{ xf] .
klxn]–klxn] t d}n] klg ljb]z hfg'x'Fb}g egL cfbz{sf] gf/f nufpFy]F t/ s] ug'{ PdP k|yd
>]0fLdf kf; x'Fbf klg st} gf]s/L kfOPg . gf]s/Lsf] vf]lhdf slt h'Qf km6fn]F, sltsf 3/
rxf/]F, sltnfO{ Ho"–xh"/ u/]F t/ s;}n] d]/f] ;d:of a'emL lbPg / jfWo eP/ o:tf] lg0f{o
ug'{k¥of] . dnfO{ nfUYof] b]z agfpg ;s] xfdL cfkm} aG5f}F . t/ Tof] e"m6f] /x]5 .
ef]s} dg'{eGbf / a]sfd] eP/ a/flng'eGbf ljb]zdf /ut aufpg} j]; /x]5 . oxL oyfy{n] g} cfh
g]kfnsf] of] b'b{zf ePsf] xf] .
-d klg s:tf] dfG5] < lgbfpg 5f]8]/ b]z–elQmdf 8'Ag k'u]F5' . sf]N6] kmls{G5' ._
dfG5] Pp6f o:tf] hft xf] hf] lglZrGttfdf hlGdG5, cfgGbdf x'ls{G5 t/ ha pm 7"nf]
x'G5 / cfk\mg} v'§fdf pleg sf]l;; u5{ ta pm ;a}af6 PlSnG5 clg ;d:o};d:ofsf] dxf;fu/df
kmF:5 . oL tdfd oyfy{nfO{ lrb}{ / ;ª\3if{ ub}{ h'g dflg; cufl8 a9\5 Tof] ;kmn x'G5 .
To;df klg 5f]/f] dfG5] eP/ hlGdPkl5 ;d:of;Fu h'Wg ;s]g eg] s] g} cy{ eof] / < clnslt
k};f sdfpg ;lsof] eg] t ljb]zdf al;/xg'k5{ eGg] klg 5}g . o;f] k;n;;n u/]/ klg ot} k]6
kfNg ;lsG5 . t/ s] ug'{ vfnL k]6 / lrlGtt dgn] /fi6«jfb k'mNbf]–kmNbf] /x]g5 . ;fob
oxL s6' oyfy{af6 g} afafn] dnfO{ ljb]z k7fpg] lg0f{o ug'{ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
d klg t ;w}Fsf nflu ljb]z hfg nfu]sf] t cjZo klg xf]Og . >d / ;Lk t b]zd} kf]Vg' k5{{,
of] ;To xf] t/ s] ug'{ klxn] afFRg} kg]{/x]5 . afFRg] phf{ / sfd ug]{ ;Lk h'6fpg ;lsG5
ls, x]/f}F g s]xL jif{ .
-xQ]l/sf Û ;f]Rbf;f]Rb} Ps ahL ;s]5 . ca t ;'Tg}k5{ . sf]N6] km]5'{ ._

!#= jSt[tf
jSt[tf eg]sf] s] xf] <
s'g} klg jQmfn] cfk\mgf] ljrf/ >f]tf;dIf k|:t't ug'{ jSt[tfTds cleJolQm xf] . o;nfO{ jSt[Tjsnf
klg elgG5 . o;sf] d"n :j¿k df}lvs x'G5 t/ k"j{tof/Lsf nflu o;nfO{ n]Vg klg ;lsG5 . ;fy} s'g}
;Gbe{df lnlvt jQmJo klg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . clgjfo{ g]kfnLsf] k|;ª\udf lnlvt jSt[tfTds cleJolQmdf
hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ efif0ffTds jf k|jrgfTds cleJolQm klg elgG5 . ;Daf]wgnfO{ 5f]8]/
em§ x]bf{ lgaGw h:tf] nfUg] of] ljwf klg cleJolQmd"ns Ps dxTjk"0f{ ljwf xf] . o;af6 jQmfdf
/x]sf] ljifoj:t'k|ltsf] 1fg, ljZn]if0f, d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / cleJolQmIfdtfsf] phfu/ x'G5 .

jSt[tf s;/L n]Vg] <

!_ ;j{k|yd ljifo rog ug'{ k5{ . h:t} M Joj;fod"ns lzIffsf] cfjZostf, b]zsf] ljsf;df oftfoftsf] dxTj,
;fdflhs ;]jf, /fhgLltdf ljBfyL{sf] e"ldsf cflb .
@_ ljifout tYo / /f]rs pbfx/0fx¿ a6'Ng'k5{ .
#_ a'Fbfx¿ ;d]6L n]Vg yfNg'k5{ / n]vfOdf tfls{stf x'g'k5{ .
$_ n]vfOdf ;Daf]wg, ljifo k|j]z, zLif{ssf] kl/ro, d"Nofª\sg, cfnf]rgfTds l6Kk0fL, ;d:of,
;dfwfg, lgisif{ / wGojfb 1fkg-cflb, dWo / cGTo v08_ ;lxt dGtJo 6'ª\Uofpg' k5{ .
%_ efiffz}nL k|efjsf/L / snfTds x'g'k5{ .
^= jSt[tf af}l4s n]vg jf cleJolQm ePsf] x'gfn] o; n]vs jf jQmfsf] af}l4stf :ki emlNsg' kb{5 .

jSt[tfn]vgsf] gd'gf–!

>¢]o ;efklt dxf]bo, k|d'v cltlyHo", snd¿kL t/fh' lnP/ xfd|f] cleJolQmsnfnfO{ tf}lng a:g' ePsf
ljåfg\ lg0ff{osx¿, cfdlGqt dxfg'efjx¿, u'?–u'?cfdfx¿ tyf d]/f k|ltikwL{ ldqx¿
;j{k|yd t d cfh /fli6«o dfWolds ljBfno, yf]uf{sf] cleefjs lbj;sf pknIodf cfof]lht æv]ns'bsf]
dxTjÆ ljifos o; jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfdf k|ltof]uL eP/ efu lng kfPsLdf cfkm"nfO{ uf}/jflGjt
dx;'; u/]sL 5' .
v]n eg]sf] ljleGg lsl;dsf v]n / s'b eg]sf] bf}8g' xf] . o;/L v]Ng' / bf}8g' ldn]/ v]ns'b zAb ag]sf]
5, h:sf] dfgjsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / af}l¢s ljsf;df 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] z/L/ hlt rnfof], hlt
s'bfof], hlt lxF8fof] / hlt v]nfof] Tolt g} k'mlt{nf] x'G5, tfhf x'G5 . tfhf / k'mlt{nf] z/L/af6 :j:y
dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; x'G5 / :j:y dfgl;stfaf6 g} lbdfuL k|jfx a9\g yfN5 . oxL lbdfuL k|jfxaf6 g}
dflg;sf] hLjgn] ;kmntfsf] lzv/ r'Db5 . ljBfno, SofDk; eg]sf s]jn cWoog–cWofkg / af}l4s
lqmofsnfk ug]{ 7fpFdfq geP/ JolQmn] zf/Ll/s ljsf; ug]{ 7fpF klg xf] . ljBfno, SofDk;
txdfcWoog ug]{ afnaflnsf tyf ljBfyL{x¿sf] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf; k"0f{ ¿kdf eO{ ;s]sf] x'Fb}g .
o;y{M o; pd]/ txsf afnaflnsf tyf o'jfx¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf;sf lgldQ cWoog Pjd\ l;sfO;Fu}
v]ns"bsf] jftfj/0f x'g' klg cToGt h¿/L x'G5 .

dfG5]nfO{ kl/k"0f{ / lzi6 x'g zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s u/L b'O{ lsl;dsf cfjZostfx¿ k"/f x'g' k5{ . oL b'a}
dfG5]¿kL l;Ssfsf b'O{6f kf6f x'g\ / Ps csf{sf k"/s klg x'g\ . Pp6fsf] cefjdf dfG5] ckfª\u x'G5,
czQm x'G5 / sdhf]/ x'G5 . k7g–kf7gaf6 dfG5]sf] dfgl;s / af}l4s ljsf; t x'G5 t/ zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL /
:j:ytf v]ns"baf6 dfq} ;Dej 5 . csf{lt/ z/L/ :j:y / alnof] geP;Dd af}l4s lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g
g;lsg] x'Fbf klg v]ns"bsf] dxTj csf6\o 5 . …b'a{n dfG5]sf] lrGtg klg b'a{n g} x'G5Ú eGg]
egfO klg o; b[li6n] pNn]vgLo 5 . cfhsf ljBfyL{x¿ g} ef]lnsf ;Ifd gful/s x'g\ . logLx¿ zf/Ll/s /
dfgl;s b[li6n] :j:y, kl/kSj / alnof ePdfq xfd|f] b]zsf] eljio pHHjn x'g ;Sb5 eGg] ;f]r]/a]nfa]nfdf
v]ns"b sfo{qmd / k|ltof]lutf eO/xg' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 .
;efklt dxf]bo,
v]ns'b s]jn JolQmsf] zf/Ll/s pGgltsf nflu dfq xf]Og, b]znfO{ lrgfpg], ljleGg b]zaLr d}qLefj
a9fpg] tyf cfk\mgf] /fi6«sf] gfs /fVg] Ps ;zSt dfWod klg x'g uPsf] 5 . b]zn] ljZj:t/df hlthlt
v]ns'bdf pRr:yfg k|fKt ub{5 Tolt g} b]zsf] k|ult ePsf] ;ª\s]t kfOG5 . k|ltikwf{df pRr :yfg k|fKt
ug{ k|To]s b]zn] v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ ljleGg ;'ljwf lbP/, jiff}{+;Dd cEof; u/fP/ s'zn agfpg] k|oTg
ub{5g\ . v]ns'bn] dflg;nfO{ cg'zf;gdf /fVg] x'gfn], cfTdcg'zf;gsf] af]w u/fpg] x'gfn] /
cfTdljZjf; a9fpg] x'gfn] x/]s ju{, If]q, ;d'bfo / hfthfltsf dflg;x¿df o:sf] dxTj a9\g uPsf] 5 . o;
sf/0fn] klg v]ns'b /fi6«sf] Ps clgjfo{ cª\u aGg uPsf] 5 .
v]ns'baf6 hLjgdf geO{gx'g] u'0fsf] ljsf; x'G5 . v]ns"bn] cf1fsf/L agfpF5, cg'zfl;t agfpF5,
lgodsf] kl/kfngf ug{ l;sfpF5, k|ltikwL{ aGg l;sfpF5, lzi6 / ;Eo aGg k|]l/t ub{5 . o;n] …:j:y
;dfh, ;d'Ggt ;dfhÚ sf] lgdf{0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 .
lgliqmo x'Fb} uO{ /x]sf] cj;/af6 jl~rt, a]/f]huf/ cfhsf] o'jfk':tfnfO{ v]ns'bsf] dfWodaf6 ;lqmo,
hfu¿ / sd{zLn agfpg ;lsG5 . o;y{M logLx¿nfO{sfdsf cGo cj;/ lbg g;s] klg v]ns"bdf nfUg k|]l/t
ug'{ kb{5 . pko'Qm k|]/0ffsf] cefjdf cfhsf o'jfx¿ a/flnPsf] l:ylt b]vfk5{ eg] o;nfO{ lgd"{n
kfg{ klg v]nsf] e"ldsf ckl/xfo{ 5 .
cGTodf …:j:y / ;d[4 /fi6«sf nflu :j:y hgzlQm, :j:y hgzlQm lgdf{0fsf nflu :j:y
z/L/ÚegfO{ lgs} pkof]uL aGb} uPsf] cfhsf] ;Gbe{df v]ns"bsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 eGg]
s'/fnfO{ sbflk gsfg{ ;lsGg . o;sf nflu /fi6«n] ljBfno txb]lv g} clgjfo{ ¿kdf v]ns"bdo jftfj/0fsf]
l;h{gf ug'{ kb{5 eGb} d cfk\mgf] jQmJo oxLF 6'ª\UofpF5' .wGojfb Û

jSt[Qfn]vgsf] gd'gf–@

>¢]o ;efWoIfHo", k|d'v cltly, cltly, lg0ff{os d08n, pkl:yt dxfg'efjx¿, d]/f k|ltikwL{ ldqx¿ tyf
bfh'efO, lbbLalxgLx¿ Û
lzIff lbj;sf] pknIodf o; ljBfnoaf6 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] æljBfno zflGt If]qÆ ljifos jSt[Tjsnf k|
ltof]lutfdf >L /fli6«o pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cfk\mgf ljrf/x¿ kl:sg] cj;/
kfPsLdf d cfof]hsk|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .
g]kfnL lzIff If]qdf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k / cltqmd0f a9\b} uO/x]sf] Pj+ ljBfyL{x¿sf]
z}lIfs clwsf/dfly cfqmd0f eO/x]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf æljBfno zflGt If]qÆ
cfkm}df uxg ljifo xf] .
ljBfyL{ eg]sf b]zsf cfFvf x'g\, dfu{bz{s x'g\ . cfhsf ljBfyL{sf lzlIft cfFvf /
;Lkfn' xftx¿n] dfq} b]znfO{ ;d'Ggltsf] af6f]tkm{ 8f]¥ofpg ;S5g\ . eljiosf
s0ff{wf/ dflgg] ;'lzlIft / ;'lj1 sfFwn] b]zsf] eljiosf] ;'Gb/ ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{
 ;S5 . t;y{M ljBfyL{n] lng] lzIff /fhgLlts ljrf/ / lrGtgaf6 k[ys lgtfGt ljz'¢, ;j{u|
fXo / u'0f:t/Lo x'g'kb{5 . ;Qfsf] v]n / /fhgLltsf] cu'jfO{ /fhgLltsdL{n] ug]{ xf]
ljBfyL{n] xf]Og . lzIff If]qdf vr]{sf] /fHosf] ckf/ wg/fzLnfO{ /fhgLlts
:jfy{k"lt{df k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] ljBfyL{nfO{ /fli6«o of]ubfgdf xf]Og kf6L{ut
of]ubfgtkm{ cled'v ub{5 .
;efklt dxf]bo,
cfk"mn] vfOgvfO{ b'vlhnf] u/]/ cleefjsx¿ cfk\mgf ;GtfgnfO{ ljBfno
k7fpF5g\ . ;Gtfgn] /fd|/L k9"g\, n]v"g\, pQL0f{ x'g\, eljiodf b]z–ljsf;df
of]ubfg lbg ;s"g\ eGg] ;kgf k|To]s cleefjsn] ;fFr]sf x'G5g\ . s'g}
cleefjsx¿ cfk\mgf ;GtfgnfO{ k9fP/ g]tf agfpg rfxFb}gg\\ ljBfyL{sf] nIo klg d
g]tf x'g k9\5' eGg] x'Fb}g . b'ef{Uo Û oxfF xfdL, xfd|f /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿ ljBfnodf tfnfaGbL u/]/, z}lIfs lqmofsnfk aGb u/]/, ljleGg lsl;dsf
ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7g agfP/ / pgLx¿nfO{ hjh{:tL cfGbf]ng, h'n';, cfd;efdf nu]/
cfk\mgf ;dy{s agfpg vf]H5f}F . s] o; k|j[lQn] gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg
k'U5 <
;fyLx¿ Û xfdL slt 7luPsf 5f}F, slt n'l6Psf 5f}F / slt bf; alg/x]sf 5f}F eGg]
s'/fsf] cg'e"lt gu/L xNn}xNnf / s'/}s'/fsf] e/df csf{sf] kl5 bf}l8g] k|j[lQn] xfdL,
xfd|f] eljio, afaf–cfdfsf] ;kgf, cfkmGtLsf sfdgf ;a} afn'jfdf kfgL xfn]em}F
ePsf] 5 . oxL b]zsf 7"nf g]tf, ltgLx¿sf /fhgLlts bn, eft[{;ª\u7g cflbn] xfdL
k9\g] ;+:yfdfly x:tIf]k u/]/ z}lIfs c/fhstf km}nfPsf 5g\ . ljb]zdf uP/ k9\g
g;Sg] ;j{;fwf/0f u/La hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] eljiodfly v]njf8 ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]
cfk\mgf ;GtfgnfO{ oxfF k9f{ x'Fb}g eg]/ ljb]zsf] dxFuf] lzIff lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
x]¥of}F eg] pgfG;o k|ltzt o:tf pbfx/0f e]6fpg ;S5f}F . s] o;tkm{ xfd|f] Wofg
uPsf] 5 < nx}nx}df cfk\mgf] v'§fdf cfkm} a~r/f] xflg/x]sf 5f}F,
dxfd"v{ alg/x]sf 5f}F .
;efklt dxf]bo Û
;fgf] sf]dn dl:tisdf xfdL h:tf] lsl;dsf] ljrf/, Jojxf/ / lrGtgsf] jLhf/f]k0f u5f}F
Tof] dl:tis ToxL w/ftndf ljsl;t eP/ hfG5 / kl5 pm ToxL aG5, ToxL lbG5 /
ToxL u5{ .h'g ;+:sf/df xfdLn] xfd|f 5f]/f–5f]/L x'sf{Psf x'G5f}F pgLx¿n]
ToxL lbG5g\ . ;fgf sfd]n dg / dl:tis ePsf afnaflnsf tyf
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfGbf]ng, h'n';, cfd;ef, wgf{ cflbdf ;lqmo agfpg' eg]sf]
pgLx¿sf] ;f]r, ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f / Jojxf/df ljb|f]xfTds efjgf ykL lbg' xf], ljb|f]xsf
nflu clek|]l/t ug'{ xf] . s] o; s'/fdf cfhsf xfdL ljBfyL{ ;xdt 5f}F < 5ftLdf xft
/fv]/ ca Pp6f af6f] /f]Hg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 lsgeg] xfdL ljBfyL{dfly w]/}n]
w]/}lt/af6 k|xf/ u/]sf 5g\\, /fhgLlts uf]6L agfPsf 5g\, dGbjLif v'jfP/ xfd|f]
eljionfO{ ajf{b ug]{ k|of;df nfu]sf 5g\ .
>¢]o ;efWoIfHo" Û
t;y{M afnaflnsf, ljBfyL{ tyf ;Gtltsf] ;d'HHjn eljiosf] sfdgf ug]{ xf] / ;'Gb/ g]kfnsf] gjljdf{0f
ug]{ xf] eg] ;/:jtLsf] dlGb/df k|xf/ gu/f}F, ;fgf afnaflnsf, ljBfyL{ tyf xfd|f ;Gtltx¿sf] k7g–
kf7gdf ca/f]w gk'¥ofpmF, lzIff lng] / lbg] k|lqmofdf cf3ft gkf/f}F, ljBfnonfO{ uf]nf–af¿b,
aGb's / ;}lgsLs/0faf6 k"0f{tM cnu /fvf}F / /fhgLts zlQm k|bz{g ug]{ dfWod klg gagfpmF .
ljBfnonfO{ k"0f{tM zflGt If]q agfpmF . ljBfno zflGt If]qsf] gf/f 3GsfpmF . o;}df xfd|f] eljio
;'/lIft 5 / /fi6«sf] eljio klg ;d'HHjn 5 .

jSt[Qfn]vgsf] gd'gf–#

o; jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfsf >¢]o ;efklt dxf]bo, sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltlyHo", cltlyHo", af}l¢stfsf]
t/fh'df /fv]/ xfd|f] jSt[TjsnfnfO{ tf}lng lj/fhdfg lg0ff{osHo"x¿, pkl:yt dxfg'efjx¿, d]/f k|
ltikwL{ ldqx¿ Pj+ bfh'efO lbbLalxgLx¿ Û
ljb]zL, ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt, /xg–;xg, j]ze'iff / t8se8sn] lgln{Kt kfl/;s]sf] / g]kfnsf
ufpF7fpF, ;x/ahf/ ;a}lt/af6 wdfwd nfvf}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf o'jfx¿ ljb]z knfog eO{
/x]sf] cfhsf] cj:yfdf æljb]zL :ofpeGbf :jb]zL gf:kftL dL7f]Æ h:tf] uDeL/
ljifodf jSt[Tjsnfsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ePsf]df cfof]hsk|lt d xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' .
;efklt dxf]bo Û
cfh b]zleq v'n]sf pBf]u, snsf/vfgf lsg aGb eO{ /x]sf 5g\, lsg 3f6fdf uO{ /x]sf
5g\ < s] xfdLn] a'‰g] k|of; u/]sf 5f}F . Pslbg d Pp6f 6]n/sxfF uPsf] lyPF .
ToxFfF rf/hgf o'jtLx¿ cfP / df:6/;Fu eg], æP df:6/Ho" Û lxhf] Tof] ===
6]lnl;l/ondf === n] nufPsf] 8«]; l;nfpg ;Sg'x'G5 <Æ g]kfndf cfw'lgs km]zgt
o;/L kf] lelqFbf] /x]5 . dnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] . Pshgf ldq 5 dlxgf ef/tdf a;]/ 3/
cfPsf s] lyP, g]kfnL efiff t 7\ofSs} la;]{5g\, …cR5f, n]lsg, x}Ú cflb
z'¿ u/]5g\ . …u/d u/d rfo lkpFb} aft df/f}FgÚ egL dnfO{ s/ ug{ yfn] . b]zsf
sltko dGqLx¿n] bf}/f–;'?jfndf k|ltudg b]Vg yfn]sf 5g\ . /fHo–;+/rgf / /fHosf]
:j¿kdf cGo b]zsf] gSsn ul/G5 . zf;g;Qf / /fHo–;~rfngdf xfdLnfO{ ljb]zLn] k|
lzlIft u5{g\ . g]kfnL wgf9\ox¿sf s's'/x¿n] :jb]zL vfgf vfFb}gg\, ljb]zaf6
dufpg'k5{ . cfh g]kfnL ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt, j]ze'iff k5\ofP/ lxF8\g] g]kfnL kfv] eOG5
. g]kfnL ljBfnox¿ g]kfnL ljifo d'l:snn] lbgsf] Ps lkl/o8 xf]nf c¿ ;a} cª\u|]hLdf
k9fO{ x'G5 . obfsbf e'mlSsP/ g]kfnL af]nL xfNof] eg] To;nfO{ c;Xo ;hfo
lbOG5 . s] oxL xf] /fi6«jfb, s] oxL xf] b]zelQm, s] oxL xf] g]kfnL x'g'sf]
uf}/j< xfdLn] g]kfnnfO{ s] agfpg vf]lh/x]sf 5f}F, sxfF n}hfg vf]lh/x]sf 5f}F
<xfdL;Fu hjfkm 5 < cfh bf}/f–;'?jfnsf] s'/f ug]{x¿ k|ltufdL x'g] vt/f 5 . g]kfnL
lrGtg / bz{g dfGg]x¿ kfv] elgg] 8/ 5 . æaz'w}j s'6'Dasd\Æ / æk/f]ksf/ k'0ofo
=== Æ ;+:s[t;Fu} x/fP/ uP . k'm;|f] g}ltstf, b]vfj6L cfbz{ / vf]qmf]
 enfbdLkgn] g]kfnsf] cl:tTj g} ;ª\s6df kl/;s]sf] cj:yfdf …ljb]zL :ofpeGbf :jb]zL
gf:kftL dL7f]Ú sf] efjgf / dd{ s;n] a'‰g] < c¿ s}of}F b]zn] c¿nfO{ cfk"m
agfPsf 5g\ t/ xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{, cfk\mgf] cl:tTjnfO{ la;]{/ c¿sf] kl5
bf}l8/x]sf 5f}F . ;To klg xf], ;Sg]n] c¿nfO{ 8f]¥ofpF5, g;Sg] gfdb{ c¿sf k5fl8
bf}l8G5 .
;efklt dxf]bo Û
cfh g]kfnL jf:dtL xf]Og, kfls:tfgL jf:dtL a;fpF5 . g]kfnL 9fsfn] xf]Og
sfl:d/Ln] zf]ef a9fpF5 . g]kfnL em/gf / kFw]/fsf] kfgLn] /f]u nfU5, ldg/n jf6/
rflxG5 . wf]tL, rf}aGbL, 3n]sL / k6'sf s'g Do'lhoddf k'lu;s] v}, ufpFdf st}
b]lvGgg\ . ahf/, ;'k/ahf/, dfs]{6, ;'k/dfs]{6 hxfF hfpF ljb]zL ;fdfgsf] lsgd]n
5 . :jb]zL j:t'x¿ Pp6f s'gfdf w"nf]d}nf] eP/ ylGsPsf 5g\ . ltgnfO{ x]/] dfq klg
OHht 36\5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{ v} s;/L g]kfnL egf}F<
;effklt dxf]bo Û
oxfF k|j]z ug]{lalQs} w]/}sf dfq xf]Og ;fob ;a}sf cfFvf ddf k/] . eGg' xf]nf
d /fd|L eP/ . xf]Og, lsgeg] d}n] g]kfnL u'Go" / rf]nL nufPsL 5', d g]kfnL
klx/gdf 5' . oxfF pkl:yt ;a}n] Psk6s cfkm"nfO{ x]/f}F t, lz/b]lv kfp;Dd
lgofnf}F t . s] tkfO{+x¿sf] 5fnfafx]s s'g} g]kfnL 5 < cxF 5}g . olt;Dd ls
tkfO{+x¿sf] 5fnfdf kf]ltPsf] lqmd–kfp8/ klg g]kfnL xf]Og . cem s6' oyfy{ t s]
5 eg] xfdL cfk"mn] g]kfnL eP/ hlGdPsf]df cfkm}nfO{ lwSsf5f}{+ . cd]l/sf,
a]nfot, ci6«]lnof, hfkfg, Sofgf8fsf] cg'xf/ b]V5f}F . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;a}df s;/L
g]kfnLTj hufpg ;lsG5 ha ls hufpg' kg]{ JolQmd} g]kfnLTj gePkl5 .
;efklt dxf]bo Û
oL ;'Gbf tLtf] nfUg] t/ oyfy{ pbfx/0f x'g\ . ljb]zL r]K¥of:; k/]sf] :ofpeGbf
/l;nf] :jb]zL :ofp cjZo g} sd dL7f] x'Fb}g t/ xfdLnfO{ ljb]zL df]xn] olt
cfslif{t ul/;s]sf] 5 ls /l;nf] :jb]zL gf:kftLdf xfd|f] cfFvf g} hfGg . ha;Dd xfdLn]
xfdLnfO{ lrGb}gf}F / cfk\mgf] kg, cfk\mgf] ;+:s[lt, cfk\mgf] /xg–;xg,
cfk\mgf] j]ze'iffnfO{ dfof ub}{gf}F ta;Dd …:jb]zL gf:kftL dL7f]Ú sf]
cfbz{ kmnfs]/ s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}g .
t;y{M d s] eG5' eg], klxn] xfdL ;a}n] xfdLnfO{ abnf}F, ljrf/, l;¢fGt,
b[li6sf]0f, z}nL, hLjg–k¢lt / k|j[lQnfO{ kl/jt{g u/f}F, b]zeQm g]kfnL aGg
l;sf}F clg dfq xfdLnfO{ ljb]zL :ofpeGbf :jb]zL gf:kftL dL7f] nfUg yfNg]5 .
ha /l;nf] :jb]zL gf:kftLsf] /;df xfdL 8'S5f}F ta of] b]z, xfd|f] b]z cfkm} aGg]5,
;d'Ggt x'g]5 . wGojfb Û