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Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts
PETROVIETNAM UNIVERSITY
BASIC CONCEPTS
1. Introduction
2. Porosity
3. Permeability
4. Water Saturation
5. Lithology
6. Other Properties
7. Summary
Vb − Vs V p
= =
Vb Vb
▪ – Porosity
▪ Vs – Volume of solids
▪ Vb – Volume of bulk rock
▪ Vp – Volume of pore
❖ Relative permeability:
▪ Oil keo
kro =
k
▪ Water kew
krw =
k
▪ Gas keg
krg =
k
Nguyen Viet Khoi Nguyen, MSc. Formation Evaluation 16
Permeability
3
k = ( const ) d 2
(1 − )
2
S HC = 1 − S w
❖ Archie’s equation:
1
a Rw n
Sw = m
Rt
▪ a – Tortuosity factor
▪ Rw – Resistivity of formation water (m)
▪ Rt – Resistivity of formation (m)
▪ – Porosity (%)
▪ m – Cementation factor
▪ n – Saturation factor
Ro
Rw =
F
a
F=
m
❖ The common
size of
borehole
normally vary
from 7 7Τ8 in. to
12 in. The hole
diameter is
measured by a
caliper log.
− x: Depth
− y: Temperature
− m: Slope (In this case, it is the geothermal gradient)
− c: Constant (In this case, it is the mean annual surface temperature)
▪ Chart
▪ Exercise:
Given
− Surface temperature = 600F
− Bottom hole temperature = 2200F
− Total depth = 17,000ft
− Formation depth = 10,000ft
Determine
a. The Geothermal Gradient.
b. Formation Temperature.
▪ Chart
▪Exercise:
Given
− The results in previous exercise
− Resisitivity of Drilling mud is 1.2 m at 750F
Determine
✓ The Resistivity of Drilling mud at Formation
temperature