ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

Tbilisi. 2011

qeTevan pavliaSvili

saistorio cnobebi ruseTis imperiis damokidebulebaze

astraxan-mozdokis
qarTuli saeklesio axalSenebisadmi
(XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari)

XVIII saukunis miwurulidan saqarTvelos ruseT-

Tan axlo urTierTobis damyarebisaTvis saTanado nia-
dagi momzadda. saqarTvelos sazogadoebis progresu-
lad moazrovne nawili Rrmad iyo darwmunebuli, rom
islamuri samyarosagan Tavis daRwevis saSualeba Zli-
er saxelmwifosTan – ruseTTan kavSiris meSveobiT iyo
SesaZlebeli. aRniSnuli droisaTvis, ruseTis imperia
Tavad iCenda dainteresebas amierkavkasiiT da, kerZod,
saqarTveloTi. XVII saukunesTan SedarebiT, XVIII sauku-
nis dasawyisidan, ruseTis politika saqarTvelosadmi
ufro Tamami da SeuniRbavia.1
kavkasiis geostrategiuli funqciis Tavisebureba
gansazRvravda mis gansakuTrebul daniSnulebas saer-
TaSoriso urTierTobebSi, ris gamoc kavkasia moiazre-
boda rogorc aRmosavleT evropuli politikis, ise is-
lamuri politikis nawilad. orive zemoaRniSnuli inte-
resi ejaWveboda saerTaSoriso asparezze axlad gamo-

1m. darCia. gaioz reqtori (cxovreba da pedagogiuri moRvaweoba).

Tb. 1987, gv. 5-6.
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 qeTevan pavliaSvili. saistorio cnobebi ruseTis imperiis
damokidebulebaze astraxan-mozdokis qarTuli saeklesio axalSenebisadmi
(XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari)

suli ruseTis imperiis ambiciebs kavkasiisadmi. agresor

qveyanaTa mxridan dartymis obieqti saqarTvelo iyo,
romelze Zalauflebis mopovebac sruliad kavkasiaze
batonobas moaswavebda. aqedan gamomdinare, CvenTvis sa-
intereso saxelmwifos – ruseTis farTo masStabebis
politikaSi kavkasia erT sivrced moiazreboda, romlis
centric saqarTvelo iyo. aseT viTarebaSi, gasakviri ar
aris ruseTis xelisuflebis e.w. zrunva kavkasiaze da
gansakuTrebiT ki saqarTveloze. es ukanaskneli gamokve-
Tili orientiri iyo imperiis kolonizatoruli, Sors
gamiznuli politikisaTvis sruliad kavkasiaSi.2
msoflio istoriografiidan cnobilia, rom XVIII
saukunis dasawyisidan gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda isla-
muri samyaros politikur-religiuri gavlena Crdilo
kavkasiaSi. Tavis mxriv, ruseTic aqtiurad iRwvoda kav-
kasiaSi Tavisi poziciebis ganmtkicebisaTvis. Tu XVII
saukuneSi, ruseTi Tavs ikavebda saqarTvelos e.w. `dac-
visagan~ islamuri saxelmwifoebisagan da TurqeTTan da-
pirispirebas erideboda, misi Careva saqarTvelos Sida
saqmeebSi Semoifargleboda mxolod mahmadianobis ar-
daSvebiT marTlmadideblur qveyanaSi. petre I-is droi-
dan, viTareba radikalurad Seicvala. am droidan, ami-
erkavkasiisadmi politikur-religiur interess Seemata
vaWrobac da saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseTis saxelmwifo
saqmed iqca, romelsac unda uzrunveleyo ruseTis Ta-
visufali moZraoba kaspiis zRvaze. am ukanasknelis mo-
povebisaTvis erTnairad ibrZoda rogorc ruseTi, ise
sparseTi, gansxvaveba mxolod maT moqmedebaSi iyo; Tu
ruseTi am saqmeSi diplomatiur meTods iyenebda, irani

2 q. pavliaSvili. saeklesio globalizaciis istoria kavkasiaSi.

Tb. 2008, gv. 411-414.
185
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

SeiaraRebuli ZaliT moqmedebda.3

zemoaRniSnuli garemoeba ruseTis sasargeblod vi-
Tardeboda: ruseTma warmatebiT daasrula e.w. `Crdilo-
eTis omi~, xolo sparseTi daSlis zRvarze idga da bu-
nebrivad winaaRmdegobas ver uwevda aRmavlobis gzaze
mdgom ruseTis imperiis mizanswrafulobas. iran-ruse-
Tis dapirispirebis sababad iqca SemaxaSi rusi vaWrebis
Zarcva-darbevis faqti da ruseTmac astraxanis gavliT
1722 wels sparseTTan omi daiwyo.4 iranTan omSi ruseT-
ma saqarTvelos gamoyeneba scada, xolo vaxtang VI-s ki
sTxova samSvidobo molaparakebebiT Sahis dayolieba
kaspiis sanapiroebis daTmobaze. Tavis mxriv, SahisaTvis
cnobili gaxda ruseT-saqarTvelos kavSiri da am uka-
nasknelis dasasjelad qarTlis taxti kaxeTis mefe kon-
stantines gadasca.5 mimdinare garemoebiT isargebla Tur-
qeTma da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos miadga; amrigad, sa-
qarTvelo sami imperiis dapirispirebis poligonad iqca.
ukiduresad mZime viTarebaSi Cavardnilma qarTve-
lebma ruseTs Seafares Tavi. saqarTvelodan ruseTisa-
ken mimaval gzaze pirveli punqti q. astraxani da misi
eparqia iyo. astraxanis eparqia, aRniSnul periodSi mo-
icavda winakavkasiis yvela qalaqsa da dasaxlebul ad-
gils. qarTveli devnilebisaTvis astraxanis eparqia ga-
mavali gza gaxda moskovisa da sankt-peterburgisaken;
zogierTisaTvis ki es adgili samudamo navsayudlad iq-
ca, rom araferi iTqvas maT droebiT sacxovrisze. aR-
niSnulidan gamomdinare, astraxanis eparqias qarTvel-

3 q. pavliaSvili. saeklesio globalizaciis istoria kavkasiaSi, gv.

402-404.
4 m. darCia. gaioz reqtori (cxovreba da pedagogiuri moRvaweoba).
gv. 11-13.
5 m. xuciSvili. saqarTvelos eklesiis socialur-politikuri po-
zicia XIX-XX ss. Tb. 1987. gv. 37-40.
186
 qeTevan pavliaSvili. saistorio cnobebi ruseTis imperiis
damokidebulebaze astraxan-mozdokis qarTuli saeklesio axalSenebisadmi
(XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari)

Ta didZali kolonia miawyda, ramac am qalaqs administ-

raciuli datvirTva SesZina Semosuli qarTvelebis mi-
marT nairgvari RonisZiebebis gatarebisaTvis; rogorc
saistorio wyaroebi iuwyebian: `qarTvelebi 80 wlis man-
Zilze sargeblobdnen ruseTis stumarTmoyvareobiT da
maT saqarTvelos mSvidobiani gziT dapyrobaSi didi ro-
li Seasrules, gansakuTrebiT ki qarTvelma mRvdelmTav-
rebma~.6
ruseTis e.w. `mwyalobluri~ politika XVIII sauku-
nis 60-ian wlebamde gagrZelda, Semdgom xanaSi imperiis
cvalebadi sagareo politikidan gamomdinare, icvleba
ruseTSi myof qarTvelebisadmi damokidebulebac. es uka-
naskneli vlindeboda sagangebo brZanebulebebis Semu-
SavebaSi, romlebic ukiduresad zRudavdnen qarTvelTa
dinebas ruseTisaken.7
saTanado wyaroebis Tanaxmad,8 vaxtang VI astraxan-
Si 1724 wels Casula saero da sasuliero dasis Tanx-
lebiT. sasulieroTa jgufs xelmZRvanelobda mTavar-
episkoposi qristefore samTavneli, romlis jgufSic
Sediodnen: mitropoliti pavle Tbileli da 4 episkopo-
si (ruis-urbnisis episkoposi nikolozi, arsen mangleli
da episkoposi ioane), arqimandritebi, iRumenni, mRvdle-
bi da diakvnebi. aRniSnul periodSi, astraxanis sam-
RvdelmTavro kaTedra ekava mTavarepiskopos lavrentis,
romelmac qarTveli samRvdeloeba pativiT miiRo; miu-
Cina saxcovrebeli da samRvdelmsaxurod dauTmo ast-
raxanis RvTismSoblis dabadebis saxelobis eklesia.9

6 А. Муравьев. Грузия и Армения. соч. т. I. СПб. 1898, gv. 241.

7 Жур. Духовный Вестник Грузинского Экзархата. Тиф. 1898. №12, gv. 5-7.
8 scsa (saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio arqivi) fondi 1458.
saqmeebi: 12. 35, 51, 80. gv. 37-44.
9 А. Муравьев. Грузия и Армения, gv. 312.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

qarTveli samRvdeloeba aqtiurad CaerTo astraxa-

nis eparqialur cxovrebaSi; mRvdelmTavrebis raodeno-
ba dRiTi-dRe izrdeboda, rac adgilobrivi rusi samRv-
deloebis SeSfoTebas iwvevda, rameTu qarTvelebi mo-
saxleobaSi gansakuTrebuli ndobiTa da avtoritetiT
sargeblobdnen. niSandoblivia, rom samRvdeloebis sim-
ravle bunebrivad ayenebda sakiTxs maTi materialuri
da saeklesio uzrunvelyofisaTvis. qarTvelma mRvdel-
mTavrebma astraxanis saeklesio mmarTvelobisagan eqvsi
eklesiis gadacema moiTxoves. aRniSnulis irgvliv meu-
fe lavrenti 1725 wlis 14 aprilis10 mimarTviT atyobi-
nebda uwmindes sinods, razec imave wlis 25 ivnisis Ta-
riRiT miiRo Setyobineba: `...astraxanis qarTvel arqielebs
neba daerToT sadac moisurveben iq Caataron mRvdel-
msaxureba da winaaRmdegoba aravin gauwios... adgilobriv
samRvdeloebas aekrZalos maT Sida saqmeebSi Careva...~.11
miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli brZanebulebisa, qarTve-
li samRvdeloeba adgilobrivi sasuliero uwyebisgan
Seviwroebas ganicdida, rasac erTvoda mZime sayofa-
cxovrebo da klimaturi pirobebi. 1725 wlis zafxulSi
astraxanidan moskovs sami qarTveli arqieli gaemgzav-
ra, episkoposebi: qristefore, pavle da nikolozi. maT
moskovSi saRvTismsaxurod gamouyves bogoiavlenskis,
znamenskis da ioane oqropiris saxelobis monastrebi,
magram samRvdeloTa aRsaydrebis uflebiT SezRudes
sasuliero dikasteriasTan SeTanxmebis gareSe. es uka-
naskneli Suamavlis funqcias asrulebda qarTvelebsa
da uwmindes sinods Soris.12

10 Полное собрание постановлений и распоряжений по ведомостям правительст-

венного исповедания. 1725. №1331.
11 Полное собрание постановлений и распоряжений по ведомостям правительст-

венного исповедания. №1596.

12 Полное собрание постановлений и распоряжений по ведомостям.., №1780.

188
 qeTevan pavliaSvili. saistorio cnobebi ruseTis imperiis
damokidebulebaze astraxan-mozdokis qarTuli saeklesio axalSenebisadmi
(XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari)

moskovs dabinavebulma samRvdeloebam sasuliero

uwyebis winaSe maTi Semosavlebis (fuladi, puris, tran-
sportis) sakiTxi daayena.13 uwmindes sinodSi aqtiurad
daiwyo qarTvelebis finansuri sakiTxis ganxilva, ro-
melsac uZRveboda ekonomikis kolegiis wevri a. baska-
kovi. man sinods SesTavaza qarTvelebis dafinanseba pa-
lestinidan Camosuli sasuliero krebulisaTvis gan-
kuTvnili fondidan. umaRlesi saidumlo sabWos Tanx-
mobiT qarTveli samRvdeloebisaTvis gamoiyo 2000 mane-
Ti;14 xolo sinodma iTava maTi materialuri da astran-
sportiT saWiroebiT uzrunvelyofa.15 gamoyofili Tan-
xebi Semdegnairad gadanawilda: arqielebs – 150 man.;
arqimandritebs – 70 man.; iRumenebs – 50 man.; mRvdelebs
– 40 man.; diakvnebs – 15 man.; berebs – 12 man.16 saarqivo
monacemebis Tanaxmad, 1728 wlisaTvis astraxanis eparqi-
aSi 8 qarTveli samRvdelo piri darCa: erTi mTavarepis-
koposi, 4 iRumeni: nikolozi, aTanase, iosebi, grigoli
da 3 diakvani. vaxtang VI-is SuamdgomlobiT podpolkov-
nik aqsakovTan, qarTvelebs jamagiris saxiT daeniSnaT
570 maneTi.17
XVIII saukunis 20-iani wlebis miwurulidan qarTve-
li devnilebis astraxanSi gadasvlam imata. sasuliero
pirebi varlam astraxanelisgan iTxovdnen Semweobis ak-
refis nebarTvas astraxanis, sulakis, derbentis, baqos,
gilianis da sxvaTa eklesia-monastrebsa da mrevlSi,
raTa lekTa mier datyvevebuli ojaxis wevrebi gamoexs-
naT. meufe varlaami maT SeZlebisdagvarad exmareboda.

13 Полное собрание постановлений и распоряжений по ведомостям.., №1780.

14 Дела консистории арх.., №1392.
15 Дела консистории арх.., №1392.
16 Жур. Духовный Вестник Грузинского Экзархата. Тиф. 1898. №12, gv. 17-19.
17 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1734г. №1530.
189
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

axladCasuli qarTvelebi Casaxldnen wm. jvris cixe-si-

magreSi, daaarses qarTvelTa kolonaria da aamoqmedes
mitovebuli wm. konstantinesa da elenes saxelobis ek-
lesia, romlis winamZRvradac uwm. sinodma episkoposi
ioseb samebel-wilknelis rekomendaciiT ganawesa mRvde-
li giorgi maTeSvili.18
qarTvelTa saeklesio koloniis dafuZneba astraxa-
nis eparqiaSi ukavSirdeba mTavarepiskoposis ioane mang-
lelis saxels. sargeblobda ra qarTveli samRvdelo-
eba imperiis interesebiT – Crdilo kavkasiaSi maTi sa-
misionero saqmeSi CarTviT, isini mizanmimarTulad iRw-
vodnen adgilze qarTuli eparqiis daarsebisaTvis, rac,
bunebrivad, adgilobrivi sasuliero uwyebis mxridan
winaaRmdegobriobas iwvevda.19
episkoposi ioane astraxanSi derbentidan Cavida
ruseTis uwmindesi sinodis 1730 wlis 20 dekemberis
brZanebulebiT.20 mas neba mieca sasuliero krebulTan
erTad astraxanis samebis monasterSi dabinavebuliyo.
ilarion astraxanelis nebarTviT episkoposma ioanem
qalaqgareT Seisyida miwis nakveTi, sadac aago xis
RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia. 1744 wels 2 ivlisis
mimarTviT21 sinodisadmi episkoposma taZris iuridiuli
gaformeba iTxova. uwm. sinodma eklesiis kurTxevis gan-
karguleba gasca, magram mis monastrad wodebaze gan-
marteba moiTxova ilarion astraxanelisagan. am ukanas-
knelma sinodis uwyebas dadebiTad upasuxa, ris safuZ-
velzec eklesia monastrad gadakeTda. is damoukideb-
lobiT sargeblobda astraxanis eparqialuri uwyebisa-

18 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1743г. №1976.

19 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1734. №1530.
20 Жур. Духовный Вестник Грузинского Экзархата. Тиф. 1898. №12, gv. 7-9.
21 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1744 г.
190
 qeTevan pavliaSvili. saistorio cnobebi ruseTis imperiis
damokidebulebaze astraxan-mozdokis qarTuli saeklesio axalSenebisadmi
(XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari)

gan.22 1747 wlis 23 ivliss astraxanSi gaCenil xanZars

emsxverpla qarTvelT monasteric, romlis xelmeored
agebis nebarTva adgilobrivma sagubernio kantoram aRar
misca. savanes moklebuli episkoposi ioane iZulebuli
gaxda samoRvaweod q. yizlarSi gadasuliyo da jvarT-
amaRlebis monasterSi dabinavebuliyo saZmosTan erTad.23
1748 wels ioane manglelma TxovniT mimarTa uwm.
sinods, raTa astraxanSi damwvari monastris nacvlad
neba daerToT yizlarSi aego monasteri da mis irgvliv
gamoeyoT saxnav-saTesi savarguli. dagvianebiT, epis-
koposma sinodisgan monastris agebaze uaryofiTi pasu-
xi miiRo da mas urCevda dakmayofilebuliyo jvarTa-
maRlebis eklesiiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, saqmeSi CaerTo
moskovSi moRvawe mTavarepiskoposi ioseb samebel-wilk-
neli, romelic episkopos ioanes Suamdgomlobda sino-
dis winaSe, raTa maT Tavisi xarjiT aegoT eklesia yiz-
larSi. episkoposma iosebma dasaxul mizans miaRwia,
magram ver moaswro ioanesaTvis sinodis dadebiTi ga-
dawyvetilebis Setyobineba, rameTu is moskovidan yiz-
larSi mogzaurobisas q. saratovSi gardaicvala 1750
wlis 1 seqtembers; misi cxedari astraxanSi gadaasvenes
da 28 seqtembers RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZarSi dakr-
Zales. amis Semdgom, ioane episkoposic 1751 wlis 28
marts yizlarSi gardaicvala.
gardacvalebulma ioanem anderZi datova, romlis
Tanaxmad misi Zma, saqarTvelos husarTa polkis poruCi-
ki, Tavadi nikoloz saakaZe iTxovda ilarion astraxa-
nelisagan nebarTvas Zmis gadasvenebaze saqarTveloSi,
ioane RvTismetyvelis udabnoSi dasakrZalad. episkopo-
sis cxedari gadmoasvenes samSobloSi da naTlismcem-

22 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). #1854.

23 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1747. 19.III.
191
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

lis taZris gaudaburebis gamo Tbilisis sionis taZar-

Si dakrZales. rusi Cinovniki muraviovi iuwyeba, rom
mis saflavze sistematiurad daiareboda mefe giorgi
Tavisi Svilebis janmrTelobis saoxad. problematur
sakiTxad iqca episkopos ioanes qonebac. ruseTis sasu-
liero reglamentis 61-e punqtis Tanaxmad meufe ila-
rions daevala qonebis aRwera. ilarioni gaecno ioanes
anderZs, sadac fiqsirdeboda, rom misi kuTvnili 300 ma-
neTi gadascemoda mis das, xolo saeklesio inventari
da sasuliero literatura gagzavniliyo, Semweobis ga-
reSe darCenili saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebisaTvis.
1755 wels sinodis ganCinebiT anderZi sisruleSi iqna
moyvanili.24
episkoposebis iosebisa da ioanes mzrunvelobas
moklebuli, daoblebuli sasuliero krebuli materia-
luri Semweobis gareSe darCa da ukidures gaWirvebaSi
aRmoCenilni sxvadasxva adgilebSi mimoifanta.25 XVIII
saukunis 30-iani wlebisaTvis CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTel
sivrceze didi raodenobiT qarTvelma samRvdeloebam
moiyara Tavi. astraxanis eparqiaSi moRvawe qarTvel da
adgilobriv samRvdeloebas Soris urTierTobebi sul
ufro iZabeboda. sistematiuri xasiaTi SeiZina rusi sam-
Rvdeloebis saCivarTa werilebma uwm. sinodSi; gaxmau-
rebul saqmeebad iTvleboda: `arqimandrit danielis saq-
me~, `mRvdel ivaniSvilis saqme~, `mRvdel abraamis saqme~
da sxv.26
ruseTis politika kavkasiisa da konkretulad sa-
qarTvelos mimarT XVIII saukunis meore naxevridan
mkveTrad Seicvala, ramac asaxva hpova qarTvel samRv-

24 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1755. № 2019.

25 Жур. Духовный Вестник Грузинского Экзархата. Тиф. 1898. №12, gv. 12.
26 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). №489.
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 qeTevan pavliaSvili. saistorio cnobebi ruseTis imperiis
damokidebulebaze astraxan-mozdokis qarTuli saeklesio axalSenebisadmi
(XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari)

delo kolonistTa mimarTadac. am droidan, ruseTi aR-

ar erideboda TurqeT-sparseTis `ganawyenebas~, imagreb-
da poziciebs saerTaSoriso asparezze da ufro gabedu-
lad iwyebda kavkasiis morCilebisaTvis brZolas ro-
gorc iaraRiT, ise kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi saSuale-
bebiT.27 Tavis mxriv, qarTveli samRvdeloebisadmi kom-
promismac amowura Tavisi misia da maTdami loialurma
damokidebulebam TandaTanobiT iwyo gauCinareba. ruse-
Tis xelisuflebas xels aRar aZlevda qarTvelTa av-
toritetis zrda kavkasiaSi da iwyeboda maTi ukidure-
sad Seviwrovebis procesi.28 aRniSnulis dasturia 1760
wels uwmindesi sinodis sagangebo brZanebuleba yiz-
larsa da astraxanSi Semosuli qarTveli samRvdeloe-
bis meTvalyureobaze;29 adgilobrivi arqielis da qala-
qis mmarTvelobisagan sagangebo nebarTvis gareSe maTi
ruseTSi SemoRwevis akrZalvaze da a.S. miuxedavad aR-
niSnuli brZanebulebisa saqarTvelodan astraxanis gav-
liT moskovisaken 1759-1761 wlebSi mogzaurobdnen kax-
eT-alaverdis mitropoliti nikolozi da arqimandriti
grigoli 12 kaciani saydarioniT: arqimandriti ioane,
iRumeni grigoli, arqidiakvani Toma, mRvdeli kirile
davidovi da sxv.30 1761 wels astraxanSi Sesvlas cdi-
lobdnen mitropoliti qristefore wilkneli, arqiman-
driti filipe boWormeli, magram uSedegod.31 maT seri-
ozul problemebs uqmnida ruseTis sasuliero uwyeba;

27 q. pavliaSvili. qarTveli samRvdeloebis kulturul-saganmanaT-

leblo misia Crdilo-kavkasiaSi (XVIII s.). `kulturis istoriis sa-
kiTxebi~. II. 1996, gv. 14-15.
28 q. pavliaSvili. qarTveli samRvdeloebis kulturul-saganmanaT-
leblo misia Crdilo-kavkasiaSi (XVIII s.), gv. 66.
29 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1760. №489.
30 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1760. №489. №490.
31 Указы Св. Синода (ix. scsa. fondi – 488). 1761. № 47.

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daiwyo qarTveli samRvdeloebis devnis procesi; Tan-

daTanobiT ruseTis saeklesio uwyebam astraxan – yiz-
larSi rusuli elementis momZlavreba daiwyo; rusi sam-
Rvdeloeba qarTul saeklesio axalSenebs daeufla da
mkacri meTodebiT daiwyo adgilze rusuli koloniza-
ciis procesi.
XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevriT dasrulda ruse-
Tis imperiis e.w. loialuri politika kavkasiisadmi da
60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan aRniSnulma politikam aS-
karad agresiul ganzomilebaSi gadainacvla.

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 qeTevan pavliaSvili. saistorio cnobebi ruseTis imperiis
damokidebulebaze astraxan-mozdokis qarTuli saeklesio axalSenebisadmi
(XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari)

Ketevan Pavliashvili

HISTORICAL CHRONICLES ON ATTITUDE OF THE

RUSSIAN EMPIRE
TOWARDS NEWLY ESTABLISHED GEORGIAN
ORTHODOX COMMUNITIES IN ASTRAKHAN-MOZDOK
(1ST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY)

Summary

In the beginning of 18th century three external forces struggled for

domination over the Caucasus and particularly over Georgia: Islamic,
Western Europe and Russia. Political ambitions of the latter were
becoming more obvious and more daring. Georgia was established to be
an evident reference point in the purposeful, colonialistic policy of the
Russian Empire towards the Caucasus.
Russian Empire tried her best to eliminate Islamic World, which
was her opponent in domination over the Caucasus using Georgia in this
case. Exactly the abovestated was a reason of political alliance of
Vakhtang VI of Kartli and Russian Emperor Peter I; but the event failed
and resulted in punishment of Georgia by Iran and the Ottoman Empire. .
The Ottoman occupation (“Osmaloba”) started in Eastern Georgia.
Current unbearable processes made Georgian progressive
ecclesiastics and ordinary society to leave the country. They took refuge
in Orthodox Russia. And this served as basis for Astrakhan-Mozdok new
Georgian communities. The region was located on the road leading to
Moscow and St. Petersburg, accordingly, each new wave of the
Georgians faced this settlement.
Russian policy towards Georgian refugees can be divided into two
stages: 1. including 50-ies of 18th century and 2. Since 60-ies, till the

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beginning of 19th century (till the Georgia was conquered by Russia). The
first stage was characterized with so called "gentle", loyal policy of
Russia towards Georgian colonists, while the second one was radically
aggressive.
The work, invoking the appropriate archive data, reveals struggle
of the Georgian clergy for establishment of Georgian Eparchy in
Astrakhan-Mozdok. The above mentioned process is connected with
activities of two great church figures – John Mangleli and Joseph
Samebel-Tsilkneli.
Big authority of Georgian clergy among local population served as
great alarm for Russian Church. Retaliatory action of Empire was
revealed in repressive measures against Georgian clergy in Astrakhan-
Kizlar and strengthening of the Russian elements.

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