ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

Tbilisi. 2011

apolon TabuaSvili

krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTuli jaris

Semadgenlobis sakiTxisaTvis

1795 wlis april-maisSi iranis CrdiloeTiT, qalaq

ardebilSi, aRa-mahmad xanma daiwyo jarebis Sekreba,
romlis mizani qarTl-kaxeTis samefos damorCileba
iyo. ivnisSi man Tavisi armia sami mimarTulebiT daZra.
jaris erTi nawili erevnisaken, nawili Sirvanisaken
gagzavna, xolo ZiriTadi ZalebiT SuSis cixes Semo-
artya alya. daaxloebiT ori Tvis warumatebeli ieri-
Sis Semdeg ki ukan daixia mdinare araqsisaken. ukan dax-
evam qarTvel sardlobas afiqrebina, rom im etapze
sparselTa saqarTveloSi SemoWra SeuZlebeli iyo. ami-
tom agvistoSi erekle II-s armiis mobilizacia ar moux-
denia. im dros mis gankargulebaSi iyo qarTl-kaxeTis
jaris erT nawili da ivnis-ivlisSi imereTis samefodan
mosuli damxmare jari 2000 kacis odenobiT. sul daax-
loebiT 5 aTasi kaci. armiis es raodenoba erekle II-s
erevnis gasaTavisufleblad esaWiroeboda, romelic iv-
lisidan sparsuli jaris nawilebiT iyo garemoculi.
agvistos meore naxevarSi qarTuli armia, artileriis
TanxlebiT, erevnisaken gaemarTa. mefem 29 agvistos ya-
zaxSi Seityo sparselebis saqarTvelosaken laSqrobis
Sesaxeb1 da Tavadac ukan, Tbilisisaken gamoemarTa.

1 Грамоты и другiе историческiе документы относящiеся до Грузiи. Томъ II. Вы-

пускъ II. Подъ редакцiей А. А. Цагарели. СПб. 1902, gv. 96-97.
197
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

cnobilia aseve is faqtic, rom erekle II-is Tanmxleb

jars krwanisis brZolis dawyebamde ukanasknel moment-
Si, SeuerTda TbiliselTa erTi nawili. swored Cvens
mier naCveneb sajariso formirebebs mouxdaT krwanisis
velze aRa-mahmad xanis armiasTan dapirispireba.
brZolis win Teimuraz batoniSvili erekle II-is
gankargulebaSi myof jars ase axasiaTebs: `hyves mefesa
solomons Tana mxedarni imerTani kacni viTar oriaTa-
sioden da mefe iraklis Tana iyvnes maSin ori aTas Svi-
dasamde mxedroba TÂsi: cxenosanni da qveiTni~2. sxva
adgilas Teimuraz batoniSvili aRniSnavs, rom Tbilis-
is mcxovrebnic CaerTvnen brZolaSi komediant maCabe-
las winamZRolobiT.3
am cnobebis mixedviT qarTuli armia sam umTavres
nawilad SeiZleba daiyos: I. imereTis mefis, solomon II-
is mier moyvanili damxmare jari; II. Tbilisis moqala-
qeTa, SedarebiT mcirericxovani, saxeldaxelod Sedge-
nili danayofi da III. erekle II-is xelqveiTi 2700 kacia-
ni ZiriTadi samxedro Zalebi.
vinaidan naTelia imereTisa da TbiliselTa dana-
yofebis koncentraciis dro da pirobebi, yuradRebas
gavamaxvilebT im 2700 kacian kontigentze, romelic
qarTl-kaxeTis samefodan iyo Sekrebili.
tradiciulad, gviani feodaluri xanis saqarTve-
loSi ZiriTad samxedro Zalas feodaluri laSqari
warmoadgenda. es iyo droebiTi samxedro Zala, rome-
lic mosaxleobisgan konkretuli brZolis win ikribe-
boda. aseTi tipis jari iyo imereTis laSqari. erekle

2 Teimuraz bagrationi. daviT bagrationis istoria. teqsti gamosa-

cemad moamzada, gamokvleva da saZieblebi daurTo T. enuqiZem. Tb.
1972, gv. 32-33.
3 Teimuraz bagrationi. daviT bagrationis istoria,Ggv. 35.

198
 apolon TabuaSvili. krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTuli jaris
Semadgenlobis sakiTxisaTvis

II-is samxedro reformis Sedegad ki XVIII saukunis 70-

90-ian wlebSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi Seiqmna mcire-
ricxovani mudmivi samxedro danayofebi: saartilerio
batarea, daaxloebiT 400-500 jariskacisagan Semdgari
da 200-300 kaciani mefis mcveli razmebi _ `qeSikebi~. Ees
samxedro danayofebi profesionali meomrebisagan Sed-
geboda. isini gadiodnen samxedro wvrTnebs da mudmiv
Sekrebaze imyofebodnen. saxelmwifo samsaxuris sanacv-
lod maT jamagiri samefo xazinidan eZleodaT.4 cxadia,
krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
2700 meomarSi isinic igulisxmebodnen.
Kkrwanisis brZolis TviTmxilveli somexi avtori
serob griCi brZolis velze gayvanil artileristTa
raodenobas 300 mezarbazniT, 12 meTauriT da 2 mTavar-
sardaliT (maiori Ggabrieli da maiori giorgi gurami-
Svili) gansazRvravs5. sxva cnobiT artileristTa erTi
nawili Tbilisis cixeebSi idgnen da brZolis damamTav-
rebel monakveTSi seidabadis baRebidan gamosul spar-
selTa jars bombavdnen. maTi meTauri ki vinme aRalua
yofila.6 erTi sityviT krwanisis brZolaSi saartile-
rio batarea srulad yofila warmodgenili. maT ricxvs
Tu davumatebT 200-300 `qeSiks~, gamodis, rom erekle II-
is daqvemdebarebaSi myofi 2700 meomridan 700 mudmivi
armiis warmomadgeneli yofila.
sainteresoa darCenili 2000 kaciani jaris saxeobis
garkveva. am sakiTxis axsnisaTvis unda gaviTvaliswinoT
ramdenime garemoeba: I. imdroindel saistorio sabuTeb-

4 ix. a. TabuSvili. Eerekle meoris ekonomikuri koncefciebi da re-

formebi qveynis mmarTvelobis modernizaciisaTvis. Tb. 2010, gv. 146-158.
5 serob griCi. aRa-mahmad xanis mier 1795 wlis 11 seqtembers dedaqa-
laq Tbilisis (faitakaranis) gadawvis mokle istoria. Jurn.: `mac-
ne~. enisa da literaturis seria. 1991. #3, gv. 120.
6 Teimuraz bagrationi. daviT bagrationis istoria, gv. 37.

199
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

Si ar fiqsirdeba 1795 wlis arc agvistoSi da arc

seqtembris dasawyisSi raime saxis mobilizacia. ufro
metic, erekle II-is 8 seqtembers, dagvianebiT, gacemuli
samobilizacio werili TuSeTis mouravisadmi7 cxad-
yofs, rom seqtembris dasawyisSi, garda Tbilisel mo-
qalaqeebisa, axali gawveva ar momxdara; II. gasaTva-
liswinebelia is faqtic, rom sxvadasxva wyaro krwani-
sis brZolis monawiled qarTl-kaxeTis samefos TiTq-
mis yvela kuTxidan warmodgenil jaris nawilebs asaxe-
lebs. Teimuraz bagrationi vaxtang erekles Zis meTau-
robiT mebrZol danayofSi aragvisxevelTa, qiziyelTa
da fSav-xevsurTa arsebobaze miuTiTebs8. imereTis ja-
ris warmomadgeneli, meRvineTuxucesis svimon wereTlis
mogonebidan, romelic akaki wereTelma gamoaqveyna, Cans,
rom 10 seqtembers imerlebTan erTad, brZolis erTi-
erT ubanze, `orasamde TaTari da kantikuntad qarTl-
kaxelebi~ iyvnen ganwesebulni9. `TaTrebSi~, cxadia, ya-
zax-borCalosa da bambakis mosaxleoba igulisxmeba. om-
Si memarjvene da memarcxene sardlebis oTar amilaxv-
risa da ioane muxranbatonis, aseve Tavadebis _ borCa-
los mouravis jandier jandieriSvilis, ioane abaSiZis
da sxvaTa monawileoba miuTiTebs, rom omSi mcire mas-
StabiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis Tu baris yvela
kuTxis mosaxleoba iyo CarTuli.
Yyovelive aqedan gamomdinare Cndeba kiTxva _
erevanSi laSqrobis win, cnobebis ararsebobis miuxeda-
vad Tu davuSvebT, rom qveyanaSi Catarda mosaxleobis
mobilizacia, maSin ratom ar moxerxda molaSqreTa
sruli gawveva? 2000-mde meomaris mobilizacia erekle
7 iase cincaZe. aRa-mahmad xanis Tavdasxma saqarTveloze. Tb. 1969,
gv. 184.
8 Teimuraz bagrationi. daviT bagrationis istoria, gv. 35.
9 sargis kakabaZe. Kkrwanisis omi. Tb. 1991, gv. 11.

200
 apolon TabuaSvili. krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTuli jaris
Semadgenlobis sakiTxisaTvis

II-s mxolod qiziyidan, andac amilaxvris sadroSodan

SeeZlo, rasac saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mefe yovelTvis
warmatebiT axorcielebda. nakleb sarwmuno iqneboda
imis mtkiceba, rom molaSqreTa gawveva CaiSala. am
SemTxvevaSi arc arsebuli Zalebi iqnebodnen erekle II-
is gankargulebaSi. amitom safuZvels moklebulia mo-
sazreba, rom TiTqos romelime sardalma, magaliTad,
oTar amilaxvarma, romelic TviTon monawileobda omSi
da mZimedac daiWra, ar Seasrula Tavisi movaleoba da
Tavis sasardlo teritoriidan molaSqreebi `damala~.
Cveni azriT, imisaTvis, rom aRniSnul winaaRmdego-
bas axsna moeZebnos da gavarkvioT Tu ratom iyo krwa-
nisis omSi qveynis yvela kuTxidan warmodgenili mcire
raodenobis molaSqreebi, amisaTvis saWiroa Tvali ga-
vadevnoT 1795 wlis axlo xanebSi `morige laSqris~
organizebis sakiTxs.
georgievskis traqtatis safuZvelze ruseTis jaris
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi Semosvlis Semdeg aRdga sur-
saTis gadasaxadi, romelic erekle II-is brZanebiT `mo-
rige jarSi~ gasvlis sanacvlod gauqmebuli iyo. am pe-
riodSi qveyanaSi mudmivi jaris funqcias rusuli dana-
yofebi asrulebdnen. `morige jarSi~ mosaxleobis gaw-
vevis nacvlad dawesda fuladi gadasaxadi `morigis
sabadlo~, romelic jamagirad eZleoda axladSeqmnil
`morige yarauls~. aseT viTarebaSi, 1786 wels qarTl-ka-
xeTis samefoSi myofi rusuli jaris nawilebis meTau-
ri, polkovniki burnaSovi adasturebs `morige jaris~
gauqmebis faqts. qarTul sabWour istoriografiaSi
amis Sesaxeb aRniSnulia, rom TiTqos `morige jaris~
gauqmeba Tavadebis winaaRmdegobam gamoiwvia.10 sinamdvi-

10n. berZeniSvili, iv. javaxiSvili, s. janaSia. saqarTvelos isto-

ria. I. saxelmZRvanelo. Tb. 1946, gv. 397-398.
201
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

leSi misi daSla samefo karis mier iyo sanqcirebuli.

mdgomareoba Seicvala XVIII saukunis 90-iani wlebis da-
sawyisSi. 1791 wels erekle II-s `morige jaris~ gamoyvana
kvlav savaldebulod CauTvlia da Sesabamisi brZanebe-
bic gaucia: 1791 wlis 14 maisis erekle II-is werilSi
eniselis mourav dimitrisadmi aRniSnulia: `q. Cven ma-
gierad eniselT mouravs dimitris ase uambeT. mere ax-
la rom isev morigis gamoyvana davamtkiceT Cven ase
gveubnebian samRvdeloni, Tavadnni, aznaurni da glexni
kaci Tqveni da Tqvens Svilebsa gyavsTo, Tqven rom ga-
moiyvanT Cven rogor dagakldebiTo. axla Cven yvelgan
moxeleebsa wignebi mivswereT da TavTavisi saxeloebis
gamoyvana davadeviT. SenTvisac ase gvibrZanebia: eniseli
Seni saxelo aris, rac am Tvis morige aris axlav saC-
qarod unda gamoiyvano da sadac Cven viyvneT iq Se-
mogveyaro da sxvas Tveebisasac Tavis vadaze unda ga-
moiyvande da Semogveyrebode. Tu am saqmezed bejiTad
ar moiqeciT da Seni saxelo kaci dagvaklda SevityobT
rom am saqmis moSla gdomia, qveynisac muxanaToba iqne-
ba, Senis mamulisac da SenTvisaca da rogorc rigi
aris isec gardagaxdevinebT. didad bejiTad unda moiq-
ceT da kaci ar daaklo, Torem Tu kaci dagvakel qvey-
nisac didi winaaRmdegoba aris da pasuxsac veRaravis
miscem. yvela mouravebisaTvis da moxeleebisaTvisac
ase migviweria da esec icodnen. maisis id, q.k.s uoT.
q. Cveni SvilevisaTvisac ase migviweria.
beWedi: qnars micems daviT miÃmobs mÃned kaxeTis
mefed cxebuls erekle~.11
amis Semdeg `morige jaris~ srulfasovani funqcio-
nireba dokumenturad dasturdeba. amas cxadyofs ak.
klimiaSvilis mier moZiebuli Semdegi saaqrivo masala:

11 xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. f. Qd. sab. 594.

202
 apolon TabuaSvili. krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTuli jaris
Semadgenlobis sakiTxisaTvis

1) 1791 w. ivnisis nusxa qvemo qarTlidan gamosayvani mo-

rigisa.12 2) 1791 wlis 8 ivlisis erekle II-is miweriloba
beJan amilaxvariSvilisadmi morigis gamoyvanis Sesa-
xeb.13 3) 1792 wlis 13 seqtembris erekle II-is miweriloba
TuST mourav durmiSxanisadmi morigis gamoyvanis Sesa-
xeb.14 4) 1792 wlis 14 noembris Txovna osefa feiqarisa
iulon batoniSvilisadmi misi morigedan ganTavisufle-
bis Sesaxeb.15 5) 1793 wlis 20 agvistos miweriloba erek-
le II-isa erasti ColoyaSvilisadmi vefxvis cixidan
gremis cixeSi morigis gagzavnis Sesaxeb.16 6) 1794 wlis
27 aprilis miweriloba erekle II-isa minbaS beJan ami-
laxvriSvilisadmi morigis gamoyvanis Sesaxeb.17 7) 1795
wlis 11 maisis iulon batoniSvilis miweriloba oTar
amilaxvrisadmi morigis gamoyvanis Sesaxeb.18 8) 1795
wlis 4 ivlisis miweriloba darejan dedoflisa daviT
yuliaSvilisadmi gremis cixeSi oTxi vefxvis cixeli
morige kacis dayenebis Sesaxeb.19 9) 1795 wlis 28 ivli-
sis miweriloba erekle II-isa glaxa gurgeniZisadmi mo-
rigis TabuniT SuSis cixeSi gagzavnis Sesaxeb.20 10) 1799
wlis 27 seqtembris arza SnoRel aruTina qevxisa zed-
meti morigis moTxovnis Taobaze, giorgi XII-is oqmiT.21
11) 1800 wlis 13 dekembris miweriloba giorgi mefisa me-

12 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi XVIII saukunis II naxevris aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos samxedro istoriisaTvis. /morige laSqari/ dokumen-
tebi (disertaciis danarTi). Tbilisi 1966, 68-69.
13 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 306.
14 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 315.
15 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 251.
16 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 330-331.
17 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 306.
18 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 307-308.
19 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 331.
20 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 345-346.
21 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 347.

203
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

rab aRasadmi morigis patiebis Taobaze.22

`morige jaris~ gamoyvana sayovelTao mobiliza-
ciis drosac xdeboda. aseTi SemTxvevebis dros erekle
II Semdegi saxis davalebas iZleoda: `q. Cven magierad
Cvengan pativcemuls amilaxvriSvils minbaSs, suramis
mouravs beJans mokiTxva euwyos... rasac wams es Cemi oq-
mi mogivides am maisis da mkaTaTvis morige rac iyos
ukleblad unda gamoiyvano da arc dakleba iqneba, Sen
unda Semoiyaro da mzaT am oris Tvis moriges garda
sxva rac komlis kacia dakleba ar iqneba. yvelas unda
Seatyobino da mzaT iyvnen. am erTs kviras ukan saca mo-
vikiTxoT morigec da komlis kacic ukleblad iq Semo-
gveyarnen...~ (1795 wlis 27 aprili).23
rogorc vxedavT, 1795 wlis axlo xanebSi `morige
jari~ srulyofilad funqcionirebda. yovelive aqedan
gamomdinare krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTl-kaxe-
Tis mosaxleobisagan Sekrebili 2000 jariskaci `morige
jaris~ nawils unda warmoadgendes. radgan cnobilia,
rom `morige jarSi~ ikribebodnen qveynis yvela kuTxis
warmomadgenlebi, aqedan naTeli xdeba sagangebo mobi-
lizaciis gareSe Tu ratom monawileobdnen krwanisis
brZolaSi qveynis yvela regionis mosaxleoba.
krwanisis brZolaSi `morige jaris~ monawileobis
konkretul cnobad unda miviCnioT mari broses mier
frangul enaze gamoqveynebuli erT-erTi sabuTi, sadac
aRniSnulia, rom `1795 wlis 1 agvistos, oTxSabaTs, `ka-
xelTa dajgufebebi Camovidnen (TbilisSi) da iwyeboda
maTi daTvaliereba (gadarCeva)~.24 `morige jaris~ debu-

22 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 348.

23 ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 306.
24 M. Brosset. Histoire de la Georgie depuis l’ antiquite jusqu au XIX siècle. P 2. His-

toire modern. I-II Livr. SPb. 1857, gv. 550.

204
 apolon TabuaSvili. krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTuli jaris
Semadgenlobis sakiTxisaTvis

leba swored Tvis dasawyisisaTvis iTvaliswinebda an-

gariSvaldebuli molaSqris paemanis adgilze gamocxa-
debas _ `Tvis pirvels damdegzed axlis mosulis mo-
rigis sans naxevdeT~25. morigis daTvaliereba da aR-
nusxva swored Sekrebis dasawyisSi xdeboda: `q. RuTiT
rodesac es jari Semogveyreba, im pirvels dResac da
gastumrebis dResac Cven unaxavT sansa da amaT garda
Tavisi sarqarda da minbaSi unaxavdes yovels kviras
sansa im morigeSi mosuls kacs im erTis Tvis samyofi
tyvia da wamali srulad unda hqondes romelic ar moi-
tans iaraRs gauCxrekT sans rom unaxavT da avad
movepyribiT~.26 amdenad, cnobaSi daculia kaxeTidan ag-
vistos Tvis `morigis~ Sekrebis faqti. cxadia amgvari
wesiTve gamovidoda sxva kuTxeTa warmomadgenlebic.
swored agvistos gawvevis `morigeebs~ unda mieRoT
krwanisis brZolaSi monawileoba, radgan agvistos meo-
re naxevarSi es jari erevnisken gaemarTa. qarTvelma
sardlobam yazaxSi Seityo aRa-mahmad xanis saqarTve-
loze gamolaSqrebis ambavi da savaraudoa, rom qveyana-
Si dawyebuli panikisa da drois simciris gamo maTi
seqtembris Tvis `morigiT~ Canacvleba ver moeswreboda.
zogadad im droisaTvis `morige jari~, rogorc we-
si, 2000-ze gacilebiT didi raodenobiT ikribeboda. ma-
Ti nawili, cxadia, sxvadasxva poziciebze iyvnen ganawi-
lebulni _ CvenTvis cnobilia, rom gatexil xidTan
ramdenime aseuli mebrZoli icavda sazRvrebs, romel-
Tac mZime Setakeba mouxdaT sparselTa avangardTan.
`morigeTa~ garkveuli nawili koncentrirebuli iqnebo-
da kaxeTSi, lekTa TareSis aRsakveTad. erekle II-s 29

25ak. klimiaSvili. masalebi.., gv. 78-79.

26saqarTvelos siZveleni. red. e. TayaiSvili. t. I. tf. saqarTvelos
saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis gamocema. I. 1920, gv. 180.
205
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

agvistos mstovrebma miarTves werili sadac aRniSnuli

iyo, rom daRestnelebi mzadyofnas gamoTqvamdnen aRa-
mahmad xanis winadadebaze da kaxeTSi salaSqrod emza-
debodnen.27 (safiqrebelia, rom kaxeTSi myofi `morige
jaris~ nawilebis arseboba unda iyos SemdgomSi im
interpretaciis safuZveli, rac giorgi batoniSvilis
mier kaxeTis jaris nawilebis ardaxmarebaSi gamoixata).
rac Seexeba `morige jaris~ did nawils, 2000 kacs, isi-
ni uSualod monawileobdnen brZolaSi.

27Грамоты и другiе историческiе документы относящiеся до Грузiи. Томъ II. Вы-

пускъ II, gv. 97.
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 apolon TabuaSvili. krwanisis brZolaSi monawile qarTuli jaris
Semadgenlobis sakiTxisaTvis

Apolon Tabuashvili

ABOUT STRUCTURE OF THE GEORGIAN TROOPS IN

KRTSANISI BATTLE (1795)

Summary

Paper deals with structure of the Georgian troops in Krtsnisi battle

(1795). Source study had revealed that in this battle there were engaged 2000
men-in-arms from Imereti Kingdom (Western Georgia), population of Tbilisi,
and 2700 warriors of Kartl-Kakheti Royal army. One part among them approx.
700 consisted of members of regular troops, which included artillery group and
royal guard; remaining 2000 were the members of so-called “Morige Jari”
(military obliged). Numerous material provided in this paper confirm sugges-
tions in 1795 “Morige Jari” was still fully engaged.

207