Unit 4: Task 1: Distinguish between Subject designs and Academic discipline design and Broad
field design studied,
SUBJECT DESIGN
WHAT IS IT?
It is a curriculum design
which organizes curriculum
into different subject areas and
encompasses knowledge that
is considered as important by
the society.
WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
To organize the curriculum
into basic concepts that are
combined based on what they
have in common.
WHAT DOES IT
EMPHASISE ON?
Facts and concepts that are
considered important to be
taught
IDENTIFY THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF
THIS DESIGN.
1. The subject-centered
designer divides the
curriculum into nice
and neat subjects such
as math, science,
history, literature, etc.
2. It organizes the
curriculum into basic
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
DESIGN
WHAT IS IT?
Discipline refers to specific
knowledge learned through a
method which the scholars use
to study the specific content of
their field.
Teachers teach how the
scholars in discipline will
convey the particular
knowledge. HOW IS IT DIFFERENT
FROM SUBJECT
DESIGN AND
HOW IS IT DIFFERENT ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
FROM SUBJECT DESIGN? DESIGN?
It is closely related to subject
centered design. The
difference is that
discipline refers to a branch of
academic study. On the other
hand, subject refers to a
branch of knowledge studied
or taught
WHAT DOES IT
EMPHASISE ON?
It emphasis on academic
disciplines
IDENTIFY THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF
BROAD FIELD DESIGN
WHAT IS IT?
The broad fields design
combines two or more
related subjects into a single
broad field of study, for
example, Language Arts
combines the separate but
related subjects of Reading,
Spelling, Writing, Speaking,
Listening, and Composition. 
subject-centered design and
academic field designs are
considered by many to be
too compartmentalized. The
students do not see the
connections between
subjects. On the other hand,
broad field design is
interdisciplinary in its
approach.
WHAT DOES IT
EMPHASISE ON?
It emphasis on greater
integration of learning
experiences.
3. THIS DESIGN. IDENTIFY THE
concepts that are CHARACTERISTIC OF
combined based on what THIS DESIGN.
they have in common. It engages the students so they
can analyze the curriculum It is interdisciplinary. To
and draw conclusions deal with this fragmentation
of knowledge, broad-field
designers try to collapse
subjects with similar content
into a larger umbrella
subject. Two of the best
examples from would be
Social Studies and Language
Arts.
Unit 4: Task 2: Explain what are Learner Centered Designs? Distinguish between Activity
designs and Humanistic designs.

LEARNER CENTRED DESIGNS:

WHAT IS IT?

It is significant departure from subject centered design. Individual student is the focal point. It is

Child centered and experienced center. Critical pedagogy is part of learner centered design

WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?

Individual student is the focal point. It emphasizes on individual student’s learning through
active engagement in learning process.

WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUBJECT CENTRED

DESIGNS AND LEARNER CENTRED DESIGNS?

In Subject Centered design the main focus is on subjects/disciplines, with subject specialists
developing “high standards” for student uniformity — what our society believes all students
should know and be able to do at grade-level check points. In student centered design the main
goal and purpose is human development – to help each student find and develop human powers,
one’s unique talents and aspire to be a contributor to society. 
 Activity designs Humanistic Design
WHAT IS IT? WHAT IS IT?

Activity curriculum is a modern approach in It is a curriculum design that connects

curriculum development with focus on cognitive, affective and psychomotor design
children’s active engagement in the learning for the holistic development of the learners.
activities.
WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE? WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?

It is a reaction against the traditional curriculum Development of self is the ultimate objective
which was subject- centered or teacher dominated. of this design.
The purpose was to promote child centered
approach to curriculum WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?
WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?
It stresses on the development of positive self-
Children’s interests determine content and
concept and interpersonal skills.
structure
Common interests and common learning
Preparation but not strict planning in advance HOW IS HUMANISTIC DESIGN
DIFFERENT FROM ACTIVITY
DESIGN?
HOW IS ACTIVITY DESIGN
DIFFERENT FROM HUMANISTIC Children’s interest does not determine content
DESIGN? and structure of humanistic design but in-case
of activity design, it does.
Children’s interest does not determine content
and structure of humanistic design but in-case
of activity design, it does.

Unit 4: Task 3: Explain what is Problem Centered Designs? Distinguish between Thematic
designs and Problem designs

PROBLEM CENTRED DESIGNS:

THEMATIC DESIGNS PROBLEM DESIGNS

 WHAT IS IT?
Thematic instruction is the organization of
a curriculum around macro “themes.”
WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
To integrates basic disciplines like reading,
math, and science with the exploration of a
broad subject, such as communities, rain
forests, river basins, the use of energy, and so
on.
WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?
learning in the context of a coherent “whole,”
HOW IS THEMATIC DESIGN
DIFFERENT FROM PROBLEM
DESIGN?
Problem design does not focus on organizing
curriculum in macro themes as in thematic
designs. The main focus in problem design is
development of problem solving skills.
Unit 4: Task 4: Distinguish between Core Designs and National Core Curriculum designs
CORE DESIGN:
WHAT IS IT?
It is another approach with several different
ways. It develops problem solving skills
among the students (vocational based
programmes, social based problems and
environmental based problems)
WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
The teacher poses a problem and students
proceed to solve the problem. Its purpose is to
make learners problem solvers.
WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?
The teacher gives students opportunities to
learn and work towards the solution of that
problem
HOW IS PROBLEM DESIGN
DIFFERENT FROM THEMATIC
DESIGN?
Problem design does not focus on organizing
curriculum in macro themes as in thematic
designs. The main focus in problem design is
development of problem solving skills.
WHAT IS IT?

This design focuses on the set of learning experiences that are felt to be essential for all students. 

WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?

Its underlying purpose is to create a universal sense of inquiry, discourse, and understanding
among learners of different backgrounds and aspirations. Broad areas of concern are examined
and set of learning experiences intended to promote a common body of knowledge are carefully
prepared.

CORE LEARNING AREAS FOR PAKISTANI STUDENTS.

NATIONAL CORE CURRICULUM DESIGNS:

WHAT IS IT?

The national core curriculum contains the objectives and core contents of teaching for all

school subjects, and also describes the mission, values, and structure of education. I

WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?

It describes the conception of learning and goals for developing the learning environment, school
culture and working methods.

Unit 4: Task 5: (a). Distinguish between Curriculum Planning and Curriculum Design

(b). Distinguish between Horizontal and Vertical organization.

 CURRICULUM PLANNING
Decision making process why, what, how and
who makes these decisions
HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATION
The direction of curriculum elements is
sideways.
Horizontal organization (scope, integration)
deals with the side-by-side arrangement of the
components in the curriculum design.
Unit 1: Task 6: Distinguish between Experience Centered design and Integrated design.
EXPERIENCE CENTERED DESIGN
CURRICULUM DESIGN
Components of a curriculum arranged for
implementation
i.e. Content (Subject matter), objectives,
methods/instructional activities and
evaluation
VERTICAL ORGANIZATION
The sequence of the curriculum elements
follows a vertical design.
Vertical organization (sequence, continuity)
deals with the longitudinal arrangement of the
design components. 
INTEGRATED DESIGN
WHAT IS IT?
How child responsive, engages and learn from It is a design built around process and skills
events, people, material and social and
emotional environment. It is influenced by
planned or intended curriculum.
WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
Its purpose is to provide practical learning
experiences to the students. Classroom
activities help to engage them with learning.
WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?
On actual learning of students and not on
standardized test
ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
DESIGNS
It is related to learner centered design as the
focal point in learners and their
learning/development of skills.
WHAT IS IT?
needed for the program which promotes
active and experiential learning.
WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
To focus on one big project which incorporate
assessment from few courses/subjects
To see the relationship between the process of
project and its application in real life
WHAT DOES IT EMPHASISE ON?
Communicating and collaborating with others
to attain learning objectives
ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
DESIGNS
It is related to learner centered design as it
involves students’ active engagement in
learner in projects for learning about different
courses.