} August, 1968 I

C 0 IT! |D LI U E PS
and automation
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Gtlr Annual Computer Art Contest
— First Prize: "Humminglzird"
Bhd BUUOTHBCIDD
August, 19615, Vol. l7, No. B The magazine of the design, applications, and implmzzrrmr at information prroruring ryrremr.
Special Feature: Sixth Annual Computer Art Context J
B Hummingbird Kerry Strand and Gary Craigmile _
9 The lfisherman A Kerry sqand ‘<` , /
10 Labyrinth rn Motion Petar Milorevic ’ F V {
TU Spires of Contribution Lloyd Sumner ·· V
11 Inspiralation A Mi France rtl s
12 Tower of Babel Leslei Mezei and David Payne l —
14 ldealized Brush Strokes Dr. Evan Harris Walker .y*,·
15 Plexus Kerry Strand, Larry jenkins and Gary Craigmile
16 Star Kennedy Masao Komum and Haruki Tsuchiya
16 Monroe in the Net Harukt Tsuchiya
17 Return to Square Masao Komura and Kunio Yamanaka
17 Abraham Lincoln Michael H. Craven
18 Christmas Wreath — Computer Style Maughan S. Mason
18 Whirlpool Mrs. Leigh Hendricks
19 Peek-a-Boo Circles Petar Milnjevic
19 Tragedy of Seven I-Iaruki Tsuchiya
20 King Motif Petar Milojevic
21 Cybcrnumerics H. Philip Peterson
22 The Sun Bother Paul Hi Sobel
zz ryrnrrn ot Polygons r-rsrninrsnrniys The fran! wwf Mawr the
Z} Sliced Nuclear Reactor D ] DiLeonardo Emmy why}; wm; fig; pyigg in
25 The Orbit Tree Llrryd Sumner »
24 cnnrenrne Circles Lawrence Nnrsn ""’ ·l""" A”””"’ C·’"’P”""
Z4 onrpnt vs. inpnr Bob Schultz Arr Cnnxerr of Computers and
ZS Lindy Star L. David Anderson Automation , "Hummjy;gr
Z5 Deformation of Sharaku Harulri Tsuchiya, Kori Fuiino and Kamoto Ohtake [7.11,, b K g St d d
zs Op Arr computerised urrnsrd Robbins Ii » if F"? ”’” _ *{”
26 Upheaval Collection Masao Komura and Kunio Yamanaka Gary Cmtgmtle. A derrvrplzori
af t/dir picture, and other or-
34 COMMUNICATIONS DATA PROCESSING OR TIME-SHARING? trio; in the mntert, are in the
ny tester A. aroosr rornprrm an rmiarr af thi: ir-
Some strong arguments why the requirements of most onnline commercial (ond military) - ·
enmnnnr snnrrmsns ssn rsssr rss ssrrsnsd on s rnrrrrnnniesnsrrs asn nrnesssrns sys. ’“" l"’€"’”’”€ "' F"‘€" 8·
tem rather than o time-shared system.
38 GAME PLAYING WITH COMPUTERS
bv Donald D. Spencer
How a digitol computer plays gamer, ond why game playing with cornputerr is so
popular . . , and some examples of blackiock and chess played by a human being and
44 MACHINE TRANSLATION IN REVIEW
bv Harrv H. Josselson
A revasw nr me progress rnsr nes nsen rnsne rnwsrer ri; enrnprirng surnrnsns arr. Department;
tionories and developing efticient storage ond retrieval ot lenguoge dats and translation
rules: (2) encoding the grammar of words; 13) writing word order rules for sentence
onolysis; ond (A) developing procedures for analyzing ond codifying the meaning of 51 Aerosr tho Editors I7•slr—Conr.
Words- paving sna uses rresessrnq
Regular F eaturer """l•"•'
Ed't°"“l 1n aarrsnirrnq tnann
6 How to spoil One's Mind i as Well as One's Computer, by Edmund C. Berkeley
CGA Worldwide vn onrstr reviews snrt ttnrirnr
48 Report from Groot Britain, by Ted Schoeters
Fifteen Years Ago in "Compaterr and Auzorrrdziort" 49 ¤¤l•··¤·r ¤* <¤···i¤¤ Fv•··•¤
50 Computers in the Factory {Port 2), by David W. Brown h lr
[dem: Spotlight 4 Iattors to t • E nar `
J2 Although Computers Can Do Only what They Are Told To Do, It ls Not Possible Practically To
rereses Aii or nre cnnsenuenres, oy arennra w. risrnnrrng “ M°“""l' °°""""" °°“""
Multi—Acczrs Forum 6; N", g;,,,,,,,d,
28 Special Interest Committee for Social Science Computing of the Association for Computing
Machinery is Proposed, by George Sadowsky 6; N", |,,,',||,•;,,,,,
ZE Congress Has Not Really Entered the Computer Age i and Should, by Congressmen William S. `
Moorhead
zo Nsrionsr Aesderny nr serenees csrsuiasnes sr ·*cnrnprner scanners sna engineering ansrwi "’ N"' l’°'•"" i
JD Veritieation of Computer Directory Information, by I. J. Kusel and the Editor by Raymond R, Skolniek
31 is the Computer on Artist's Peinrbrush?, by Daniel T. Longdole
J1 Computers — A New Public Utility S1 p,,r,|,,,, CM".,
31 Japanese Computer industry is Growing Rapidly
:1 Arln Ausrrsiisn cnrnnnrer conrerenee, Aeeisree, snurn Ausrrsiis, Augusr wer Y cstt tor Papers by W“"°' P°""“i °°P y
J1 Contributions Welcome to "Who's who in the Computer Field"
COMPLTERS and AUTOMATION for August. 1968 5
THE SIXTH ANNUAL COMPUTER ART CONTEST
OF COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
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HUMIVIINGBIRD ‘”
W Kerry Strand lu l
Gary Craigmilc ` i
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The first prize in our 1968 Computer Art Contest plcmentary information of this kind should be sent tn us
has been awarded to Kerry Strand and Gary Craigmile, for publication in rt future issue.
both of California Computer Products, Ine,, Anaheim,
Calif. Their winning entry appears in color on the front The Tespppgcs to our sixth Annual Computer Ay1_
or this issue, and is entitled "Hummingbir<i". lt was de- Contest have been splendid. We are grateful to all those
signed and programmed by Mr. Strand; the color coor- persons wha spp; up entries
dination and plotting techniques were executed by Mr.
Craigmile. lt is interesting to note the development in the com-
puter art that we receive from year to year. As with
The artists describe their work as follows: computer technology itself, computer art is becoming
'l'he"Hummingbird"is an extensionol the "three more sophisticated, more creative, and more visually
bug prablem". The basic design prvdnced by appealing. We now find a widespread use of eeier. we
the "three bug problem" is modified by drawing notice artists and proieseers, as well as technicians,
only two sides of the triangle. This pattern is working with the computer to learn more about design,
then mathematically manipulated into the desired color, and artistic tecluiiques. Vi e find groups being es-
Position. Three different line widths, each with tablished to explore their mutual interests in computer
a different color, were plotted overlaying each art. Une notable group is thc Computer Technique Group
other. (CTG) in Tokyo, Japan, which consists of eight individ»
uals whose professionsvaryfrom architectural design to
Mr. Strand and Mr. Craigmile submitted several behavioral science to systems engineering.
more entries in the contest which are shown on the fol-
lowing pages. For August 1969, we plan our Seventh Annual Com-
puter Art Contest, and we cordially invite contributions
The other computer art published in this issue re- of computer artfrom all our readers and others who are
ceives honorable mention, For some ofthe drawings the imeypsgcd in computer are
explanation is obvious or can be inferred easily; for oth-
ers. explanations are given. in a number of cases. the A complete alphabetical listing of the names and ade
computer and the peripheral equipment which prvdiiwd dresses of all persons whose art is published in uiis is-
the computer art have not been specified as much as we sup appears pp page 27_
would like because the information did not reach us by
the close ofthe contest, July 5. We would, of course, Sharry Lungdale
like to identify the equipment that produced the art. Sup` Associate Editor
g COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION tn: August, was
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COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Augusx, 1968 9
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SPIRES UF CONTRIBUTION
~ Lloyd Sumner
Produced xuth the help of A Burroughs 135500 computer and zu Ualfjump 565 plotter.
10 (,OMl"UTERS and AUTOMATION fm Augusr, l96H
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Repeated ellipses were drawn, with small changes to axis lengths and points of origin being made each time. Program was written
in F0x1'.1‘an and executed on an I. C. T. 1905 computer and a CalC0mp 31" plotter,
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION lux August, wsa 11
TOWER OF BABEL
—· Leslei Mezei, Artist, and David Payne, Programmer
The five pictures shown on this and the adjacent. page are part of a series bascd on a "Towcr of Babel". The original tower was
made up oi the word "BABEL" repeated twenty times, each ward placed on top of the last, wnth the width at the bottom being four
limes that at the top. Each of the pictures is a mathematical or random distortion of this same tower. The programming language
Sparta (a graphic procedure-oriented language consisting of Fortran IV subroutines) was used 0n an IBM 7094-ll.
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COI\£PU'i'ERS and AUTOMATION for August, 1968 1}
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IDFZALIZED BRUSH 5'1`ROKES
— Dr. Evan Harris \\`all<cr
The idea behind this picture is that by studying mathematically the coxnpcsiticml elements cniploved bv the arent artists, one might
discover artistic princnplesg und with the aid 0I ai computer, these principles could he tested l>v using them to gmwratc neu examples
of nrt, As zi starting point, u¤mplctcl5 random zirrzingemcnts ni rcctan;-gies (vdealired brush strokes) were examined. This prcture
makes use ol sexeral concepts that have been developed to produce organization in pattern and color,
The program uns written in 1`0rtr>in for nn IBM 704U, The pattern of each suh-element is printed out to scale (using; sixteen E7" square
blocks of printout) together iaith the eolur designation in terms of the Munsull slxmdurzl enlor notation. The printing is pruducen on
canvas using acrylic puirit.
M COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for August, 1968
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PLEXUS
# Dcsigncd and progrnmmccl by Karr; Strand and Larry Jenkins
Color coordination und plotting tcchniques by Gary Crzugmile
This is an example nf the application of parametric uquations. T0 generate the basic shzipu, 'l goes through one cycle ofthe cosine
curve, from 0 to ZPL The X—c00rdinatc is then proportional to COS(5'1`) and thc Y—c00rdm.x1.c is propurtlonztl tu COS(llT). Three
different line widths, each n ith zi different color, wcrc plotted 0ve1lz\; ing each other.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Augusr, 1968 15
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This is a computer rnetainmqyhosisl A square is ‘VVM.tlN`“ SJ.? " t
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• 1200 APT statements. One subrnutiue ualculated the tan! mu—
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A seaend subroutine assisted in ualeulating the tml motion [nr
/ me suarlau-mg made up as . msu lures .02·* apart. Thr picture
was drawn directly nntp mvlar nlm using a beam oi light at
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION ia: August, l96S 17
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This design resulted from a programming bug in a polar
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were exposed on black and whitc film {rom a CRT (S-C 4020).
For thc picture shown here. zi 35 mm slide wss exposed
directly on color film on an S-C 4020 which has been modified
fur color work.
18 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Augusr, 1968
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21
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TH}; SUN RATHER
— Paul l-l. sobcl
Using a Fortran program on an IBM 70514, n tape was generated for oH—line use on an SC 4020, whreh made the plot. The
plotting subroutine interpreted a matrix as the dependent height varmblc, An ungle nf 40 degrees was specilied, and
hidden lines were tested {or and removed. The figure is generated by sums of Gaussian iunotinns.
%@w+©V©vJidqQs¢€
Qyi Qgs Urs B @@Q<Z<) iid
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\
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MARCH OF POLYGONS
— Horuki Tsuchiyn
This is a mathematreal pattern which includes enmputer improvisation bv random numbers. Lach polygon is determined
according to; (1) number of vertexes from the position; and (2) distribution of vertexes from the random number. An
IBM YOSJU computer and Cnltinmp 563 plotter were used.
22 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for August, 1968
,
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SLICED NUCLEAR REACTOH
— D. J. DiLecmard0
{X persnectnvc 0{ the [ucl material distribution
LZZESE L2§§Z?`L§D"iTLi12if§“€§§gtdE§“§Q?ng
;¢;¤év;¤;1é§;1¤;:;;i1;;;:i1ve routines run cn a

THE ORBIT TREE

— Lloyd Sumner
Produced with the help of A Burroughs B55¤D computer and a
CslC0mp 565 plotter.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Augusr, 1968 23
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\*§\ _ ·· M » / " ., U] plot wzxs>prmluc¤d bv :1 1”ur1.rnu Iv pm—
*‘\ . X V / , / ’ gram usmg an mm mm/Gu computer and
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This design was generated on an
[EM 360/50 and an sc 4uzu by plotting
t 2 output of ax digital filtcr againsx `
ic m u . FN,

24 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Augnsn, WGH

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r¤;>o.na¤1 m »·m·mus p¤>s»uuns nm! smpos to pm- ‘ ·’ ¤Q3,‘;‘;'§g{<r;vi&?`· '
duneth4~f1nnld1·;mrng. Computer nsnalwns n ` y· y vvnyyuyy y yy " v `
Gt M. mth H CMCW Wm it (..,Q.‘.Q ml @1§g`w•4:3$•3•°*••‘•_ Aw
plotter ultli :1 step sive of et 002 muhcs.
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DEFORIHATION OF SHARAKU
— Ide:1 by l·lnru.ki Tsuchivzx, Progrmn by Koji Fujiun.
Dntu by Kumoto Ohtakc
A pattern deformation system was applied to a Ukiyue of Slmraku. Five kinds of purely rn:ithe»
matical cxchnuges ni cnnvdxnzxtes are shown.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for August, 1965 25
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OP A1{'1`COMP\"T\'RIZFD
-— Donald Robhms
Here nn up nrt pnuture by Jefiry Swele uxhxch :1ppo:nrcd nn Tune magamnu nn l‘N»1h n ns turned mtu n subroutine an an uwesugzmnn nf
smne perspecmw prcperuus. uithout aemallx gmug Llu·uu;;h the werspecuvc L1·ans[ox·nmtmn. ,—'\rguxncm.s Lu thc suhrnuunc cunsnstvd
ni the length and herghr., Lhr- nunwhwr nf spvkcs por sudo. 1.hr- number of bands, the nnLurim· rntnunn, etc.
—
ig"? ’\Q` M ·
· =;·1i·‘ ;·‘ 4* ·‘ · nr _· _
LPIlEA\';\L COLLECTION
-— Mon In Ixlaszm Komurn, Pvogrnnx by Kunm Lunzmakzn
Thus is a nxntlwnxatxcal pnucrn rnuluding znmputer mxprcvisntmn bx random nunvhnrs. Four rhunxhnrs uphczucd mm random du·ccLm·
at random <.hsL.uwvs are gathered Lo wnxsesem a cube. An IBM 7090 computer und CalC0mp 553 nhntcr were used,
26 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for August, 196F
COMPUTER ARTISTS lN TllIS ISSUE
Thc following is u list of persons Whose art is published
in this issue as part of the Sixth Annual C¤n1pu.te1‘ Arl:
Contest of Com nrtcrs and Autolnzlticn.
(.Q,.s¤.\, ., l,H\..,., C ¤1if0," C 0n,pu ,.,. Oducts . EDP opportunrtres rn
Inc., 305 N. Muller SL. Anaheim. Calif. 92803 · •
C 1.;] rg ,]], r., ¤.......... c....,.... 1%......., rm., Socral Scrence Research
305 N. Muller Sl.,, Anahciln, Calif. 92803 T, m,0OKIN(,= INSTITUTIOY, . ,
cm-err, rmclmr rr., 71sN. slate, Apr. +4, xml. rmi .r.,..,r,,.r ..',3.r..,...,.-..r..r .;sJ5.2rl°lZl?rt°;iS;??€EK"Sl"r€Z““L’JLl'§i
DiLr·0n1n`(le, D, J. , \\'¢Stin;-ghouse Eleclric COPD., BCtLi5
Amman 1=¤,m— Lnmmrery, Box ve, west mrrnm, ¤$$|$T¤NT DIRECTOR. COMPUTER CENTER-
p.~;,,,u;·, ms., rrr., rnrenmtrerml computers and Tabula- $$3};.Q§&"',,,5ilZ'I.!2§i..‘€‘TLl15`.‘Y;?"?..?" ""i `"$"". ‘"‘€"“"€* ‘t‘ “‘°“ "S
ms. mel., rzmrgc House, Putney, Lumen, sw15, ,»¤r»}¤»Wr..rsL&..¤».r,`r..¤».rp`.r...Z§.`ll$" “"'“"""`° ""'* "‘ ”“'“`
";“¥’“"" CREATIVE PRDGRAMMERS-—
htjrno, Koji, Compulier Technique Group, 7-26, elchomc, ,.;r·rnrlr¢·< nm-vest wml lrwkgmrxml rn wucr-rlurzrl lrmzrrzrrzv rlmgn
rmesrm, 1<¤r¤-lm, r¤1<y¤, Jrrpzm lll.-,J“.‘.`{FilflllI.JSS??£5§.»l!X?`i§`,{LE1.'?Zl.?"EE$3LS"§'32;.sf.li;Tl.2i 2;
rlelmme, Krtrrsrmrr, l<ot<>—ku, Tolqro, Jnpzur A|¤P|_|[]A'|’[|]N$ PRUQRAMMERS-
1lc¤d1·rcl<s. Mrs. Lvieh, Snudizn Corn. , Sandia Base, .....-.,...m ur-rrrws ..m....¤ “·.r». ...».a....rr..r .~»m.....» .,. r·c»rz-rmx
dllJ“[lu€\`(l¤€. Nt Mc;. 87115 XZX§liZ§1'J"$Li.,?§l"!.,§1l"iEEJl‘f.T.?§ .{2,.Z}2iZZS."$i"ZZYl..?JlC"¥£;..1lr.T?Z¥’!'l'Z
Jenkins, Larry, Cnlrfornm Computer Pr0ductS, Inc. , i·»cr1errcr· `A kumvledgu ur unrnrerm•mn_l uml srrrusucnl metlmrlx rs essenr
»Ich0n\e, hrtzrsunrt. lxoto-ku, lokyo, Juprul hr-nm: pmtrnrnr. For pr-rrzugu. cunorleutnrl vnusidarrrm-in, send your
]{0mm—;,_ ][uS;m_ Computer Tccjmgquc (;]·0,,p_ 7,g(;_ r¢¤¤1r<·r¤¤vru< ·m¤| prulcssluunl inten-sm 40 Mh
·lCh0mc·, Kitasulla, Koto-ku, 'l`0l:y0, Japan
\I.‘ ,ll11 h .,1S910Cl` Pl, ,, 1*. r, ‘ ' '
‘ ""‘;{_m ‘j;i0QgS >“‘ “°° $““°¥“ I I lhs Bmulcmgs Irrstztulran
mem, Lcsne, Assoumte 1·mressm—, mpc. ercomputew I · ,l,i;;,l§{,’g§i,*,,°‘,`;2iE2T,;,f,‘Q’E""E "w‘
Science, University uf Toronto, Toronto, Canada .11; sqm.! nppmnnrlly mryrmyn
Milojcvic, Petzrr, ]IcGill University Computing Center,
1¤~··~¤=·¤» ¤¤·¤1>¤¤~ —
Nlwa, Fujio, Computer Technique Group, 7-26, 4ch0me, Duignnm Nm ,3 M Rand" kwin Cmd
liitasluizt, lioto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Nolan, Lawrence, 2620 Delmar, Grzuiitc City, Ill. 62040
,1...1., ......0.., C........... .~..r........s.»...,., 7.2,., CYBERNETIC SERENDIPITY
llehonic, Kitzisllna, Kato-liu, Tokyo, Japan
pnyue, David, rnslrmte or cnmprrcev science, University An lnternational Exhibition explorrng and demonstrating
of Tcmum, T01‘<>r\l<>, Cnmcln the relationship between technology and creatrvlty
Peterson, [I. Philip, Control Data Corp. , N0l`th\\'<`5l· LQQQQ, Y"? IQ, §f.?i".*,';Qif[`f"`i,_Yi" I `Y "Z Y fi? ",,` l‘ii.'i rr
lntlustrinl Park, Third Arc. , Burlington, ; "_“ " V ' ' V '··"·‘ - " ' " WA I
Blass. 01.20-1 K K f ` ,
Robbins, Donald, Div, 9424, Sandia Corp., Sandia Base, `rh2_
Allurrrprwqrre, mutex. 87115 ’
Schullv, Bob, Polylcclinlc lnstrtutc of Brooklyli, Dept. 2%
or r1lr—¤r»·mr1 rtrrgmeevrng, mrs Jay sz., rxmokiyrr, T `
A. i.. 11201 Jl} ~
Sobel, l’1lul Il. , dot Propulsion l.:\l>oYatOY‘g, 4800 Oak I J I rf 7 '/"` `
Gmvc Dvnc, l-lxrsndcnn, cunt. 9110:;
Strand, I<er‘1‘y, Calii`m‘ni1r (`onumloi‘ Products, Inc., ?"‘ ' · " ' r 1;;
rms x. nur1er·sr.. Amrrerm, cant, s¤2s0a ka '_‘
Slunncr, Lloyd, l`<¤l\\pulL‘l‘ C\‘e;\(i0nS, P.O. Box 1842, 'iir , · 'K - "
c1mr·i¤m·s\r11¤, vrr. 22903
Tsuchiya, l·l1rrul<1, (`0mput(‘r Toclurlque Group, 7-26, g ` ;;, ‘ · — » J _ J
luhornc, Iiilasunn, Koto-liu, 'l'4>kyc·, Japall
w;r1r<¤1~, rn-. rim. rrsms, xrrtmrmr rxeyerrmlncs mm 1 J ~.Z . .
Space ¤\rlminisL1‘:rti0n. Elnctroiiics Research C¤l\t€\',
575 Technology Square, Cannbrirlgc, Blass. 02139 ,7 if ,Y_ Je, /.2;*7 lj _i
Ytlninlllllilt, Kllnuv, Computer Tccliniqurg Group, 7-26,
4¤lr¤¤w, 1{rmslrrur, 1<¤t¤r1¤u, ‘n»1¤·¤. Japan Z ``·` *1 ~`·—` g
lnstrtute of Contemporary Arts
The Mall London SW1 O1-839 5344
COMPUTERS and ALTONATION for Allgtrsc, WGS gr