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RFID Based Prepaid Energy Meter and Home Automation With Reporting
RFID Based Prepaid Energy Meter and Home Automation With Reporting
Abstract— This paper presents radio frequency identification benefits of the prepaid energy technologies. Prepaid energy
(RFID) based prepaid energy meter and home automation metering network scheme can deliver a better cash flow in
system with an android application running at subscriber’s addition to screening other electrical parameters such as
mobile station. The energy meter is credited though RFID apparent power, current, voltage and power factor [4].
technology and the automation of different appliances are
controlled by the subscriber via an android mobile application. Applications of RFID touch various domains including
The subscribers may check their current credit, consumed units, smart homes, asset tracking, surveillance systems, highway
current load and they can manage appliances remotely. We have toll collection and animal identification [5].The widespread
also introduced a load management system, when load exceeds a applications of RFID technology have brought down the costs
certain defined level then appliances are automatically shut
down. An automatic theft detection mechanism has also been set
of RFID components and this has opened up ways for
in place for the system. potential users to benefit from the magnificent RFID
technology. RFID is a contactless wireless technology which
Keywords—Android application, home automation, load uses radio waves for the automatic remote identification of
management, prepaid energy meter, Radio Frequency different objects; we can differentiate between RFID systems
Identification (RFID) according to the operating ranges of 0-1 cm for close-
coupling, 0-1m for remote-coupling, and greater than 1m for
long-range systems [6].
I. INTRODUCTION RFID technology allows the transmission of data through
The electric energy meters used in most parts of the world a small portable tag; an RFID reader reads the data from this
are post paid in nature. This conventional electromechanical tag and consequently processed as per the requirement of the
metering suffers from some significant disadvantages. Its given application. There are two major categories of RFID
performance can be altered by temperature and tags, either active or passive, the passive tags contain no
electromagnetic interference [1]. The users consume source of power and are empowered by the RF signals of the
electricity and afterwards pay the bills, usually on monthly concerned RFID reader [7].
basis. This requires meter readers to turn up, take manual The Android, an open source operating system, encourages
readings and later on the bills are generated upon whatever its users to develop incredible applications. Developers use
readings had been jotted down. This phenomenon, greatly Java libraries, developed by Google, to write Java source
leads to a vulnerability of corruption and financial loss to the codes using the platform of Android operating system [8].
power sector, particularly in developing counties. The Along with a strong mobile operating system, the Android
governments are not able to expand the existing capacity and platform also provides Application Programming Interface
unable meet the ever increasing electricity demands because (API) libraries and tools for the application developments in
the financial loss causes shortage of funds for investments in Java programming language. It is based on Linux version 2.6
the power sector [2]. to deliver major services including process management,
Moreover, the users have no clue about their unit memory management, network stack and security [9].
consumption until they are handed over a hardcopy of the bill, In this paper, we have presented RFID based prepaid smart
generated against the readings taken earlier by the meter energy metering system and home automation through an
reader. This collection procedure of meter readings becomes Android based application. In this metering system we credit
even more challenging and expensive when readings are to be certain units into the meter using RFID technology and we
taken from scattered rural areas [3]. control the home automation though an Android application.
The prepaid energy meters are being increasingly given A GSM modem has been used for the transmission of
attention in the power sector and gradually they are replacing information between the android application and the rest of
the conventional metering methods because of significant the system. It also delivers a method for the detection of
electricity theft i.e. if any consumer tries to tamper the energy command. Relays also turn off the loads if the prepaid credit
meter, then the load is automatically cut off and a message is balance goes down to zero.
sent to the service provider. Some related implementations
such as [10], [11] have been delivered recently on the topic. RFID Card
Android
Mobile
However, this proposed system uses novel technique to
incorporate RFID and android platform into an energy
metering system for an increased energy monitoring and
management. Voltage
RFID GSM
Checking
Reader Modem
(P.T)
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
16X4 LCD
The proposed prepaid energy metering and home
automation system mainly depends on a central Meter PIC18F452
microcontroller, RFID module, electromechanical energy
meter, GSM modem and an Android application as depicted in
Fig. 1. Microcontroller is the central module of this work, it
stores the information of instantaneous energy, units credited, Power
C.T Supply Relays
units remaining, tariff, current load and all relevant (P.T)
information is stored and updated in the microcontroller.
Main
Loads
Mobile Phone RFID Card Supply
Energy (Tag)
Meter
Fig. 2. Block diagram of the complete system
Check Credit
(Units)
No Credit <
Minimum
Threshold
Yes
Send an alarm SMS to
Subscriber
Fig.5. Bypassing the live wire
Credit No
Recharged
Yes
Connect the Loads
through Relays
Fig. 8. Use of lever switch against meter tampering Fig. 10. LCD output
Fig. 11. Hardware Implementation [4]_Ramadan, Kamal, Elfadil Zakaria, and Dalia M.
Eltigani. "Prepaid energy meters network via power system
communication." Computing, Electrical and Electronics
VI. POSTPAID AND BILLING OPTION
Engineering (ICCEEE), 2013 International Conference on.
The meter can also be used as a postpaid energy meter
IEEE, 2013.
along with using it as prepaid. This functionality allows the
user to consume some units (predefined by the service
provider) beyond the prepaid units which were charged using [5]_Zhang, Daqiang, Hongyu Huang, and Minho Jo.
RFID tag. So, in this way a user has a little flexibility for "Future RFID technology and applications: visions and
consuming electricity in case he can’t charge energy units challenges." Telecommunication Systems (2014): 1-2.
using RFID tag. These units will be stored separately in the
microcontroller as postpaid units and will be sent to the [6]_Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook: Fundamentals
service provider after every month or whenever the service and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and
provider wants to know the postpaid units just in case to Identification, Second Edition, Wiley, 2003.
generate electricity bills accordingly. If the postpaid units’
limit is crossed then the load will be cut off and the user will
be requested through message to either pay the bill or recharge [7]_Bhadrachalam, Lakshmi, Suresh Chalasani, and
through RFID tag. Rajendra V. Boppana. "Impact of RFID technology on
economic order quantity models." International Journal of
VII. CONCLUSIONS Productivity and Quality Management 7.3 (2011): 325-357.
In this paper, a new economical prepaid energy metering
system using RFID technology has been presented. An
[8] Peng, Bin, Jinming Yue, and Chen Tianzhou. "The
android application was developed to remotely monitor the
energy consumption and to control the appliances through Android Application Development College
home automation. We have shown a prototype of the Challenge." High Performance Computing and
presented work and successful testing of the prototype was Communication & 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference
performed. This prepaid energy metering is highly effective on Embedded Software and Systems (HPCC-ICESS), 2012
because it eliminates manual meter readings, equips users to
IEEE 14th International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
be updated about their electricity consumption and remaining
prepaid units though a remote application running on their
mobile phones. It also delivers effective load management and [9]_M. Toyama, S. Kurumatani, H. Joon, K. Terada, and E.
theft detection mechanisms to make it more versatile for the Y. Chen. Android as a server platform. In Consumer
practical deployments. Large scale implementation of this Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC),
system will reduces power theft, false meter reading and may pages 1181–1185, 2011.
be valuable if integrated within future smart grid systems.
[10] Saikia, L. C., et al. "GPRS enabled smart energy meter
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[2] Chandel, Priyamvada, Tripta Thakur, and B. A. Sawale. (ICSGCE), 2016 International Conference on. IEEE, 2016.
"Energy Meter tampering: Major cause of non-technical