Chronology March 16, 1964-June 15, 1964

Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Summer, 1964), pp. 320-350
Published by: Middle East Institute
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 CHRONOLOGY
March 16, 1964-June 15, 1964

General Apr. 17: A Caravelle airliner of Middle East Airlines

1964
Mar. 17: It was announcedthat under a CENTO
project, a 181 mile railroad link between Turkey
and Iran will be constructedat an estimatedcost
of $57,320,000. Turkeywill contributethe equiva-
lent of $22.5 million for local currencycosts,while
Iran's share will be $16,480,000. The AID will
lend the remaining $18,340,000 for purchase of
US equipment and commodities.
Mar. 19: It was reportedin Damascusthat Ministers
and chiefs of Islamic affairs of 11 Arab countries
unanimouslyagreed to send teams of Arab mis-
sionaries"to preachIslam and combatthe expand-
ing Zionist influence in Africa." Ending a 6-day
conference,they also decidedto form an inter-Arab
commission to translate the Qur'an and Islamic
teachingsinto most foreign languages.
After one week of royaltynegotiationsin Geneva
betwen OPEC and the oil companies,OPEC'sSec-
retary General 'Abd al-Rahmanal-Bazziz told the
Arab News Agencythat there has been a "deadlock
... becauseof the adamantattitudeof the companies
who have clearly indicated that they are not pre-
pared to make any advanceon the previous unac-
ceptableoffer made at Riyadh." This royaltyoffer
would have entailed an increasein governmentoil
income of about 3.5 cents a barrel. OPEC, it is
understood,is demandingthat the valueof this offer
should be raised by at least 2 cents togetherwith a
guaranteeof a progressiveincreaseto eventualfull May 29: It was reported that the Arab League
expensingof royaltiesover a numberof years.
Mar. 27: Libya, Turkey and Kuwayt were among
those elected to serve on the 24-memberExecutive
Board of the WHO for the next 3 years, it was
reported.
Mar. 29: Arab League headquartersin Cairo an-
nouncedthat the Leaguewould meet tomorrowto
discuss the "British aggression" against Yemen.
(See South ArabianFederation.)
Apr. 7: An economic conference of officials from June 3: The Arab Council for EconomicUnity was
Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Morocco opened in
Tangier, in an effort to "drawup a time table for
industrial cooperationand harmonizationof trade
policies. . ." it was reported.
Apr. 9: Following a 3-day consultativemeeting in June 4: A preparatorycommitteefor a conferenceof
Geneva the OPEC and the oil companies failed
to reachagreementon a commonpolicy with regard
to the royalty dispute. The next meeting was
scheduledfor July 6.
(MEA) crashed in the Persian Gulf in a sand-
storm, killing 42 passengersand 7 crew. Twenty-
three were Americans, 11 Saudi Arabiansand 4
were Lebanese.
Apr. 19: The US Departmentof Agriculturedis-
closed that Americancigaretteexportsto the Middle
East have doubledsince 1957 and now exceed $10
million a year. About half of the present exports
go to Kuwayt.
Apr. 22: The New York World's Fair opened with
Ethiopia, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan,
Sudan, Turkey and the UAR among the Middle
Easterncountries participating. There is also an
American-Israeli exhibit.
May 1: John Noble, vice presidentof Texaco, Inc.
for EasternHemisphereoperations,died.
May 15: It was learned that the 10th Arab Com-
municationsCongressopened in Tunis last week,
attended by nearly 100 governmentofficials, en-
gineers and techniciansfrom Arab countries. The
agenda included the Arabization of mechanical
terms used in communications,unificationof the
highway code and railway transportstandardsand
the creationof a council for civil aviationfor Arab
countries.
May 25: A meeting of African countries,including
the UAR, Libya,Tunisia,Algeria,Moroccoand the
Sudan, was convenedin Algiers to considerplans
for a new $60 million highway across from Fort
Flatters in the Algerian Sahara to Agades in
Nigeria.
Council has ratifiedthe currentannual budget at
?E1,270,284 and called the next full meeting of
the Councilfor September.
The Algiers conferencevoted supportfor a trans-
Saharanhighway. It raisedits estimatesof the cost
to more than $120 million for a broadly defined
"central Sahara"connection linking Algeria with
Gao in Mali and Tanout or Tahoua near Agades
in Nigeria.
inauguratedin Cairo, present membershipbeing
Iraq, Kuwayt, Jordan, Syria and the UAR, whose
governmentshave all signed the EconomicUnity
Agreementof 1957.
nonaligned countries,due to convene in Cairo in
October, met under the chairmanship of the
EthiopianAmbassador,it was reported.
June 5: Bazzaz, who has been paying official visits

320

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 CHRONOLOGY
to OPEC member countries in the Middle East, an-
nounced in Baghdad that Algeria will be admitted
to OPEC membership during the next OPEC
meeting.
June 10: It was announced that a second meeting of
Arab heads of state will be held in Alexandria on
September 5.
Aden
(See, South Arabian Federation)
Afghanistan
(See also, Iran)
1964
Mar. 18: It was reported in Kabul that effective
March 21 the country will be divided into 29
provinces instead of the present 18, each with a
governor.
A protocol on expanding and strengthening
economic and trade cooperation with Yugoslavia
was signed in Kabul.
Apr. 13: Czechoslovak Airlines (CSA) inaugurated
its regular flight service from Kabul to Prague.
Apr. 17: A USSR survey team was reported to have
discovered a new deposit of beryllium ore in the
area between the Darra-Nur mine and the Pakistan
border. The extent of the deposit was not known.
Apr.18: An agreement for the completion of the
second phase of the Sardeh Irrigation Scheme at
Ghazni was concluded with the Soviet Techno-
Export, it was reported.
Apr. 19: Peter Casson, a special representative of
UN Secretary General U Thant, arrived in Kabul to
hold talks on matters relating to the establishment
of a training and research institute, it was reported.
Apr. 25: The Vice President of the Upper House of
Parliament, Hafez Abdul Ghaffar, died of a heart
attack.
A trade and payments agreement was signed with
Czechoslovakia, covering commercial relations dur-
ing 1964. Czech exports of vehicles, machinery and
telecommunications equipment will be increased
and Czechoslovakia will continue to import cotton,
wool and skins, oil seeds, dried fruit, spices, etc.
May 29: It was reported that Afghani oil demand
has doubled from 1,500 b/d in 1959 to about 3,000
b/d in 1963. Of this, the Soviet Union supplied
nearly 1,800 b/d of refined products while another
540 b/d was supplied by Iran which has renewed
an agreement to supply similar quantities this year.
June 5: It was learned that the draft constitution
of Afghanistan is ready and will be presented to
the Grand Afghan Council some time during the
next few months and the term of the National
Assembly has been extended until the Council is
called.
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321
June 9: A draft law for establishing agricultural
councils and rules governingthe election of mem-
bers to these councils has been drawn up by the
Ministry of Agriculture. The aim is to help de-
velop agricultureand the social condition of agri-
culturaland pastoralcommunities.
June 12: It was disclosed that the Naghloo power
plant, which will have a 90,000-kilowattcapacity,
will be constructedby the Soviet Techno-Export
Co. within the next 6 months.
June 14: Seventy-fourminerstrappedin an explosion
at Karkar2 days ago were reporteddead. Six per-
sons survivedthe incident.
Algeria
(See also, General,Morocco)
1964
Mar. 17: A Foreign Ministry spokesmandisclosed
that President Ahmad Bin Balla would visit
Moscow in May.
Mar. 19: SekouToure, Presidentof Guinea,and Bin
Balla met in Algiers.
Mar. 22: The President called on the Afro-Asian
SolidarityCouncil to support all liberationmove-
ments. The Council was meeting in Algiers.
Mar, 28: The first congressof workers'self-manage-
ment in industry opened in Algiers, with some
1,134 delegates in attendance. In an opening
speech Bin Balla renewed his support for the
"socialist sector" and warned "enemies of the
revolution both at home and overseas"that they
were mistaken if they believed the regime could
be pushed into "fatal compromises."
Mar. 29: Toure left for Tunis.
Mar. 30: Le Peuple reportedthat 5 "high function-
aries" of the state tradingconcern(ONACO) had
been jailed on chargesof "damagingthe national
patrimony."
Mar. 31: Reports reaching Algiers indicated that
heavy floods have destroyed an estimated 1,000
houses, renderingsome 3,000 people homeless, in
NorthwestAlgeria.
Apr. 2: High Algerian officials were reported to
have "condemned"a recently published report by
the State Departmentassertingthat Algeria was a
nation increasingly "marked by pro-Communist
influence."
Apr. 4: Bin Balli was reportedto have ordered a
drive to captureAit Ahmad,chief of the Socialist
Forces Front in the Kabyliaregion.
Apr. 6: The FLN published a programto be put
before the party congresson April 16 foreshadow-
ing the way towards socialism in Algeria in a
state directedby the party alone, it was reported.
Apr. 9: Six leaders of a governmentparty unit in
Kabylia were killed by "counter revolutionary
elements,"the governmentannounced.
322 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Apr. 10: A protocolwas signed with Franceregulat-
ing the influx of Algerians into France, effective
July 1.
Apr. 12: The President announcedthe nationaliza-
tion of the food and milling industry, to take
effectfromthe following day.
The dinar replaced the franc as the unit of
currency. There was no devaluation.
Apr. 14: Algerie Presse Service began a regular
24-hour serviceto its domesticand foreign clients.
Apr. 16: The FLN congress was convened with
some 1,800 delegates attending, including oppo-
nents of the President, former vice-presidentof
the FLN Bilqasim Karim and Col. Muhand al-
Hajjj. Among those who did not attend were
MuhammadBoudiaf (Bu-Diaf), MuhammadKhidr
and RabahBitdt. Bin Balla called for all remnants
of the capitalistpast to be "uprooted."
Apr. 17: It was announced in Moscow that Bin
Balla will come as a guest of honor at the May
Day parade.
Apr. 18: It was learned that Algeria's Communist
newspaper,Alger Republicain,has been put under
the control of the FLN.
Apr. 21: Bin Balla was unanimouslyconfirmedsec-
retary-generalof the FLN by the party congress,
it was reported.
Apr. 23: A new 17-memberPolitical Bureau was
announced. They are: Bin Balla, Hajj bin 'Ala,
Sa'id Muhammadi, 'All Manjali, Ahmad 'Ali
Mahsas, 'Abd al-'Aziz Bouteflika (Bu-Teflika),
IHusaynZahouane (Zahw-1ni), Bashir Boumaza
(Ba-Maza), Muhandal-Hajj,MuhammadNaqqash,
TThir Zabirl, Muhand Ait al-Husayn, Muhand
Sha'bdni, Col. Muhammad 'Umar bin Mahjiib,
Ahmad Medeghri, Yusuf Khatib and Houari
Boumedienne(Bu-Midyan).
Apr. 25: Bin Balla arrivedin Moscow on his first
trip to the SovietUnion.
May 1: Bin Balla, who was guest of honor at the
May Day paradein Red Square,was made "a hero
of the SovietUnion,"it was reported.
May 6: A joint communiqueat the end of the
President'svisit to the USSR said the Soviet Union
had granted Algeria another long-term credit of
115,000,000 rubles (about ?45 million sterling)
and would give technical assistancein building a
metallurgicalplant. It also said Khrushchevhad
acceptedan invitationto visit Algeria.
May 9: Five Algerian legislators left Algiers for a
3-weekgoodwill visit with Americanand Canadian
veteransgroups, it was reportedin Algiers.
May 14: Franco-Algerianoil talks took place in
Algiers during the last 3 days and were adjourned
until June 15. Algiers radio said Algeria wanted
higher benefits from her oil and also wished to
participatein all stages of exploitation,including
the commercialstages.
May 17: Bin Balla returnedto Algiers after a 25-day
tour of Communist East Europe and the UAR
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with what he describedas "$140 million in new
Soviet-blocaid."
May 18: Western sources were reported to have
stated that the new Soviet-bloc aid, involving
long-term credits but little cash, would be "no
solution" to the country'seconomic problems.
May 28: New clashes were reported between gov-
ernmenttroops and rebels in the Kabylia region
resulting in the death of some 30 men on both
sides in the last 48 hours.
May 30: In a written response to a Western cor-
respondent'squestions, Ait Ahmad said he was
confidentthat Bin Balla's foes would eventually
become united, but he was not sure about his
plans for an anti-governmentcoalition.
May 31: It was reportedin Algiers that police have
blocked off streets leading to the President'svilla
following an explosion and machine-gunfire. An
assassinationattemptwas speculated.
June 1: Bin Balla was reportedunhurt, but 2 villa
guardswere wounded.
June 2: Three "loyalists" were reported slain in
Bouira in a hit-and-runattack alleged to have
been done by followers of Ait Ahmad.
June 4: Revolution Africaine, an FLN magazine,
chargedthat the US CIA had "aided the counter-
revolutionin orderto slow the processof building
socialism,"it was reported.
June 7: It was learnedthat Bin Balla has met with
the Political Bureau during the last 3 days to
debatehow to combatthe SocialistForcesFront.
June 9: It was reportedin Algiers that the Soviet
Union has turned down initial Algerian requests
for a cash loan to supplement $100 million in
credits towards purchases of Soviet factory
machinery.
Algerian labor unions were reported to have
begun a drive for "workercontrol"of the remain-
ing Frenchowned privatecompanies.They sought
the President's support in "the institution of
workercontrolover the managementof enterprises
in the private sector by the applicationof laws
conforming to our [Socialist] option."
June 10: A bomb exploded in the Algiers port's
parcel depot killing 2 persons and resulting in a
fire. Meanwhile,discussionscontinuedin secret at
the President'svilla on what action to take against
the incidents of the last 10 days.
June 13: Bin Balla met with 2 Moroccanenvoys
with a "personalmessage" from King llasan in
the wake of Moroccan press reports that rebel
Moroccan"commandos"had been interceptedfrom
Algerianterritory.
June 14: The Presidentassuredthe King that there
will be no more infiltrations of Moroccan sub-
versives from Algeria, it was reported in Rabat.
It was reportedthat the governmenthas urged
workers to "coordinate"with the regime and to
"tryall alternativesbefore decidingto strike." The
move was made in the light of a month-long
 CHRONOLOGY
strike against the remaining French-ownedcom-
panies.
June 15: The last French troops in Algeria-2,000
of them-left the country marking the end of a
134-yearperiod of Frenchmilitarypresencein the
country.
Cyprus
(See also, UAR)
1964
Mar. 16: Duncan Sandys, CommonwealthRelations
Secretary,indicated that the UN peace force in
Cypruscould not operate until its "termsof ref-
erence are settled." He said this was "undervery
active discussion"between UN SecretaryGeneral
U Thant and representativesof Canada,Ireland,
Sweden, Finland and Britain.
In Istanbul, it was reported, the Parliament
gave Premier Ismet tn6nii full powers to use
Turkey'streaty right of interventionin Cyprusif
he considersthis necessary. In another action the
TurkishgovernmentinformedGreecethat it would
abrogatea treaty signed in 1930 granting certain
concessionsto Greek nationalsin Turkey.
Mar. 17: U Thant was reportedto have said he did
not intend to "negotiate"the instructionshe would
give to Lt. Gen. Prem Singh Gyani, commander-
designate of the UN Cyprus force. He has in-
formed all the governmentsconcerned,including
Britain, of this decision in view of "the purely
internationalcharacterand responsibilitiesof the
force."
Mar. 18: The build-up of Canadiantroops for the
UN force continuedwith the arrival of 53 more
men, bringing the total to 446. Meanwhile, Fazil
Kuguk, Vice President of Cyprus, was reported
to have sent a message to the UN saying that
Turkish Cypriotes "are still under siege almost
everywhere."
West Germanypledged a $500,000 contribution
to the peace force, it was reportedin Bonn.
Mar. 19: Greek Cypriotes were reported to have
attackedGhaziverankilling 3 Turks and wounding
4. Five Greeks were wounded and one died in
the hospital.
In messagesto PresidentMakarios,U Thant and
the commanderof the UN peace force, Turkey
warned that violence must be stopped.
Mar. 20: In6nU told an interviewer that if large-
scale fightingbrokeout betweenGreekand Turkish
Cypriotes-the latter being outnumbered4 to 1-
and a massacrethreatened,"such a thing would
leave us no choice but to intervene."
Mar. 22: U Thant discussedthe Cyprusproblemin
Geneva with Paul Martin, Canada'sSecretaryof
State for ExternalAffairs. No details were given.
Mar. 23: Finland'sambassadorto Sweden, SakariS.
Toumioja, was reported to have been appointed
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323
by U Thant as mediatorbetween the Greek and
Turkish communities. Istanbul agreed to accept
the appointment,London "was considering"his
nominationand Nicosia refused comment.
King Constantineof Greece called for a peace-
ful political formula to end the deadlock over
Cyprus for the sake of Greek-Turkishfriendship,
it was reportedin Athens.
Mar. 24: Greece approved the appointment of
Toumioja, it was reported, following Cypriote
Foreign Minister Spyros Kyprianou's disclosure
of his government'sapprovalof the choice.
In response to Ireland'srequest for assurances,
U Thant promised Ireland that the Irish con-
tingent will be withdrawnimmediatelyif Britain,
Greece or Turkey should attempt to impose a
solution "particularlya solution by partition,"by
force or by threatof force.
Mar. 25: The resignationof FraserWilkins as US
ambassador to Cypruswas announced.
It was learned that Britain had also given its
approvalof Tuomioja.
Mar. 26: Switzerlandannounced,a $75,000 contribu-
tion to the peaceforce.
It was announcedthe peace force will go into
operationtomorrow. Gyani, who takes over com-
mand at 5 A.M., conferred with Makarios and
Kucukin Nicosia.
Mar. 29: A Turkish Cypriote was wounded in a
shooting incident reportedby the peace force. In
another,the force intervened. No casualtieswere
reported.
Mar. 30: Tuomioja conferred with U Thant and
Orhan Eralp, the Turkish representative,it was
reported,at the UN.
Britishunits returnedthe fire of GreekCypriotes
near Halevga and Kaimakli Kucuk (Omorphita),
a district north of Nicosia. Greek authorities
conceded that they had mistaken the Britons for
TurkishCypriotes.
Greek Premier George Papandreoudeclaredin
Athens that the defense of Cyprus in case of a
Turkish invasion was a "duty of honor" for
Greece,it was reported.
Mar. 31: It was reportedthat Tuomioja regarded
both the Constitution and the Treaty of Guar-
antee as valid now, but that both could be changed
with the consent of the 4 states concerned.
Apr. 1: U Thant publishedthe arrangementsunder
which the peace force and Cypriotesecurityforces
would aid each other when requestedas outlined
in the Security Council resolution of March 4
establishingthe force.
Apr. 2: Joint patrols of UN troops and Greek
Cypriote policemen roamed through Nicosia and
into the countrysidefor the first time. Meanwhile,
it was learned that Kucuk had rejected a pro-
posal by Gyani that the island's police posts and
check points be mannedjointly by UN forces and
Greek Cypriote policemen, saying that without
324 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
assurancethat the UN would be in commandit
would mean "the surrenderof his people."
Apr. 4: In a note to tn6nii, Makariosinformedhim
that Cyprus had "terminated" the Treaty of
Alliance. The Turkish ambassadorin Nicosia re-
fused to accept the note, it was reported,but the
contentswere transmittedorally to the ambassador.
A UN spokesmansaid that a 2-prongedGreek
Cyprioteattackhas begun on the TurkishCypriote
village of Mansoura.
Apr. 5: TurkeyrejectedMakarios'move to terminate
the Treatyof Alliance.
In Kato Pyrgos 20 Britonswere held prisonerby
Greek Cypriotes to back up a demand that
British troops be withdrawnfrom the area. The
demandwas not met and the soldierswere released
after 3 hours.
Apr. 6: The peace force in western Cypruswas re-
ported to have arrangeda cease-firebetween the
opposingcommunitiesthere.
Apr. 7: Makariossaid that the Nicosia-Kyreniaroad,
held by a Turkish force, should be opened by
agreement.
Apr. 8: U Thant has asked Finland, Sweden and
Ireland to provide 900 additionalsoldiers for the
UN force, raising its strength to 7,500 men, it
was reported. Finland announced she had ac-
ceptedthe request.
Ralph Bunche, UN Under Secretaryfor Special
Political Affairs, arrived in Nicosia to confer on
the UN's role in the Cyprusproblem.
Apr. 9: In separate talks, Bunche conferred with
Makarios and Kucuk. By agreement no details
were divulged.
Apr. 10: In Nicosia, a Turkish Cypriotewas killed
and his daughter wounded by Greek Cypriote
gunfireon the truceline.
Sweden agreed to send 300 more soldiers to
Cyprus.
Apr. 11: After a meeting between Makarios and
Papandreouin Athens, it was reported that they
decided that "self-determinationwas the only
permanentand just basis" for a solution of the
Cyprusquestion.
Apr. 13: Papandreouannouncedthat Greece would
strive for Cyprus'right to self-determination.He
disclosed a 10-point policy on Cyprus, which
Makariosendorsed following a 3-day meeting in
Athens.
Apr. 14: Gen. George Grivas and Makariosmet in
Athens. Makarios told reporters they discussed
"the question of Cyprus' military defense."
Two Greek Cyprioteswere killed and 2 others
and a Turkish Cypriote wounded in "sporadic"
shooting in Nicosia, it was reported. Meanwhile,
it was learnedthat the TurkishCyprioteswho had
seized a strategic hill near the Kyrenia Pass re-
mained in control. A governmentspokesmanas-
serted that the governmentwas "not preparedto
toleratesuch outrages"and had ordered"measures
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to be taken to protectthe lives of its citizens and
to restorelaw and order."
It was reportedthat U Thant has asked Den-
mark to provide a contingent of 600 men for
the UN force.
Apr. 15: Makariosdisclosed that Grivas would not
go to Cyprus, saying his presencewould not be
"expedient"now.
Apr. 16: The Foreign Minister of Turkey, Feridun
C. Erkin, called for direct talks between his gov-
ernmentand Greece'sto end the conflictin Cyprus.
He expressed confidencethat, as in the past, a
solution could be obtained,but added it "is up to
Athens."
Apr. 18: A Greek Cypriotesandbagposition erected
yesterdayat the entranceto the LedraPalaceHotel
on the truce line was removed on Makarios'
orders. A bomb exploded shortly before Makarios
arrived at the scene, but no one was injured.
Inbni! told Tuomioja that Turkey would accept
no solutionfor Cyprusother than a federal system,
Erkindisclosed.
Apr. 19: The opposing communitiesagreed to per-
mit the UN force to neutralize a contestedarea
along the truce line in the old walled city in
Nicosia.
Apr. 20: Turkey published a protest submitted to
U Thant on April 15 which listed 5 attacks by
Greek Cyprioteson TurkishCypriotessince March
4, charging that actions by the Greek Cypriote
authoritiesconstitute "a continuing danger to in-
ternationalpeaceand security."
A UN spokesmanin Cyprusreporteda deadlock
in the dismantlingof gun posts in the contested
area that the agency had announcedwould be
neutralized.
In Strasbourg,France, the Turkish delegation
protested against the 6-member Cyprus delega-
tion's being composedentirely of Greek Cypriotes
at the opening session of the Council of Europe's
ConsultativeAssembly.
Apr. 21: In a statement published in the Athens
newspaperVima, Makariosdisclosed that Turkey
had proposedthe foundationof a federatedCyprus
republicin which the island would be divided into
2 areas, 62 per cent Greek and 38 per cent
Turkish. He said "This is quite unacceptable.It
cannoteven be discussed."
It was reportedin Istanbulthat 2 Greek Ortho-
dox churchmenwho were deprivedof their Turkish
nationalityand orderedexpelled from the country
left for the US.
Gyani held talkswith GreekandTurkishCypriote
leaders on the removal of gun posts along the
truceline in Nicosia.
Apr. 22: Makariosannouncedthat his government
was preparedto grant a general amnesty to the
Turkish Cypriotes. He offered them "every pro-
tection for their lives and property," and pro-
posed that Greek Cypriote posts would be dis-
 CHRONOLOGY
mantled under UN supervision, provided the
Turkish Cypriotes did the same thing. The
Turkish Cypriote Minister of Defense, Osman
Orek, called a news conferenceand said "We don't
take these as serious propositions but as propa-
ganda."
Apr. 24: Greece pledged that it would not retaliate
against Turks in Greece despite "strong Turkish
pressure on Greeks living in Istanbul," it was
reported.
In Ayios Theodoros communal clashes were
reported, resulting in the death of a Turkish
Cypriote and the wounding of another. Two
Greek Cyprioteswere also wounded. In Nicosia,
a British soldier was wounded.
Apr. 25: It was reportedthat GreekCypriotesecurity
forces overran Turkish Cypriote mountain posi-
tions and seized "vital terrain" just west of the
Turkish strongpost of St. Hilarion Castle above
the Kyrenia Pass. Six Turkish Cypriotes were
killed and 6 wounded. Greek casualtieswere one
dead and anotherwounded.
The first troops of the 1,100 Finnish contingent
left Helsinkifor Nicosia.
Apr. 26: Gyani was "reviled,threatenedwith death,
spat at and stoned" in the Turkish quarter of
Nicosia as he left a meetingwith Kucuk. He was
forced to turn back, during an earlier attempt to
see the Vice President, by thousands of demon-
stratingTurkishCypriotes.
Apr. 27: The Interior Minister, Polycarpos
Giorkadjis, was reported directing personally a
drive to captureSt. Hilarion Castle.
Apr. 28: Gyaniwarnedthat the drive on St. Hilarion
Castle could have "serious implicationsregarding
the obligationsof the governmentand the role of
the UN force." He said he had discussed the
matter with Makarios and had sent a report to
U Thant.
Apr. 29: U Thant proposedto the SecurityCouncil
the appointmentof "a top-level political officer"
to negotiatemeasuresfor ending bloodshed.
The governmentannouncedthat its forces near
the Castle and the KyreniaPass had been ordered
to ceasefire.
The Ministerial Council of CENTO called for
an immediateend of the fighting in Cyprus.
Apr. 30: A UN unit in Timi disarmed,in the first
such action, a group of Greek Cypriotefighters
aftersome resistance.
Twelve permanentUN posts were established
along the St. Hilarion-KyreniaPass area, it was
reported.
It was reported in Ankara that Turkey asked
13 more Greek nationals to leave the country.
About 50 such persons have been expelled.
May 2: At an extraordinarysession of the NATO
Council in Paris, Greece and Turkey lodged
protests against attacks by Greek and Turkish
Cyprioteson each other, it was reported.
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325
May 3: The White House announcedSenatorJ. W.
Fulbright would fly to Greece and Turkey at
PresidentJohnson'srequest to convey US concern
over the Cypruscrisis.
May 4: Makarios inspected advancedposts of the
Greek CyprioteNational Guard on the border of
the Greekand TurkishCypriotesectorsof northern
Nicosia.
May 5: A Turkish Cypriote was wounded and a
Greek Cypriote killed in a shooting incident in
the Kyreniamountainarea.
May 6: Several shooting incidents were reported,
particularlyin Trakhonas,near Nicosia, and in
Famagusta.
Fulbrightconferredwith Papandreouin Athens.
He delivereda personalmessagefrom Johnson to
the GreekPremier,it was reported.
May 7: Fulbrightdelivereda messagefrom Johnson
to Indnii, it was reported, during a 2-hour talk
in Istanbul.
May 8: While intermittentgun fights were reported
in the Kyreniaarea, heavy fightingeruptedaround
the Turkish Cypriote village of Louroujina. A
British patrol moved into the area and obtaineda
ceasefire.
May 9: More shooting was reportedin Kyrenia. No
casualtieswere known.
May 11: Galo Plaza Lasso, former President of
Ecuador,was named as special representativein
Cyprus for U Thant. He will undertake direct
negotiations with the rival communitieson im-
mediateand pressing problems,it was reported.
In Famagusta2 Greek army officers,a Greek
Cypriotepolicemanand an old Turkish Cypriote
civilian were shot and killed. Shortly after the
shooting Greek Cypriotes entered a store for
British servicemenin the Greek sector and "ab-
ducted"6 TurkishCyprioteemployees.
May 14: It was announcedthat Dirk U. Stikker,
retiring SecretaryGeneral of NATO, has been
given a "watching brief" to try to prevent a
further deterioration of Turkish-Greekrelations
over the Cypruscrisis.
Lassoarrivedin Nicosia.
In the SecurityCouncil a TurkishCypriotecom-
plaint was circulated which charged that 46
Turkish Cypriotes had been abducted on main
roadsbetweenMarch27 and May 11.
May 16: On his return to Washington, Fulbright
expressed encouragementover prospects for ulti-
matesettlementof the Cyprusdispute.
The UN commandorderedits troops to fire if
necessaryto protectCypriotes.
May 17: The UN declaredthat it "now expected"
that no more Turkish Cypriotehostageswould be
taken by Greek Cypriotes and that Turks seized
by Greeks since May 11 would be released.
May 18: The CyprusNews Agencyreportedthat the
governmentwas negotiating abroad for the pur-
chase of bombers, fighter planes, torpedo boats,
326 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
antiaircraftguns and other heavy equipment. It
added that the House of Representativeswould
enact a conscription measure "to increase the
numericalstrength"of the Greek Cypriote armed
forces.
May 19: Makariostold the UN that he had been
unable to discover the whereaboutsof 74 of the
91 TurkishCypriotesreportedto have been seized
by GreekCypriotessinceMarch27.
May 20: A Finnishsoldierwas shot and killed in the
Turkish Cypriotevillage of Kara Tepe, while on
patrol.
Kuguk expressed "shock" over the failure of
Makarios to account for the missing Turks. Re-
ferring to a reportedtotal of 253 Turkish Cypri-
otes missing during the 5-month-old crisis, he
said, "I shudderto think that these innocentTurks
among whom there are women and elderly men
have been murderedin cold blood."
May 24: The Turkishgovernmentpublishednotes to
Britain and Greece charging that the government
of Cyprus had shown beyond doubt that it was
advancingtoward its "ultimate goal of the total
annihilation" of the Turkish community on the
island.
Three gun battlesbrokeout in Limassol,Larnaca
and Epikho, northeast of Nicosia. No casualties
were reported.
May 28: Gyani said that there were too many guns
in the wrong hands on Cyprus and called this a
major obstacle to restoring peace.
In an interview broadcast over Athens radio,
Makariossaid that if the US officially advocated
union of Cyprusand Greece, "therewill be rapid
developmentsleading to the final solution of the
Cyprusissue."
May 30: A water pumping station serving the
British militarybase areaof Dhekeliawas damaged
by an explosion,it was reported.
Lasso conferredwith U Thant in New York on
his returnfrom Cyprus. No statementwas issued.
May 31: Sixty-two Turks and Turkish Cypriotes
were takento Famagustafor repatriationto Turkey,
it was reported. The Turks in the group were
mostly school teachersand educationadvisers.
June 1: The Parliamentpassed 3 bills calling for
conscription,a build-up of Greek Cypriotearmed
forces and the purchaseof arms abroad. Kuquk
vetoed all 3 of them, and the Greek Cypriotes
said they would ignorethe veto and go aheadwith
their plans.
June 3: Kusuk challengedMakariosto call a Cabinet
meeting under the protection of the UN. The
latter rejectedthe demandand chargedit had been
made "exclusivelyfor propaganda."
June 4: The government called up male Greek
Cypriotesbetween the ages of 19 and 21.
June 5: Amid reports of Turkish maneuversabout
100 miles from Cyprus,it was announcedin Wash-
ington that Johnson has warned tn6nii against
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any "rash" military moves and invited him for
discussionson the problem.
In6nii met with his Cabinetin emergencysession.
It was disclosedthat Turkeyhad given up the idea
of landing on Cyprus"for the time being."
June 6: Greek armed forces and internal security
serviceswere put on alert.
In6ni was reportedto have declined an invita-
tion from Johnsonto visit Washingtonbecauseof
"pressureof currentaffairs" at home.
June 9: The governmentdecidedto ask for an urgent
session of the SecurityCouncil to denouncewhat
it called "Turkishthreats of military intervention
in Cyprus."
It was reported in Istanbul that In6ni hoped
to visit Washington at the first opportunity.
June 10: George W. Ball, US Under Secretaryof
State, flew to Athens from Geneva and then to
Ankara to give Greek and Turkish leaders a
message from Johnson. It was reported the
message said in effect that the US would not
permitwar betweenthem over Cyprus.
June 11: Following Ball's visit in Ankara, Indnii
said: "We are on the way to find a solution....
The allies have made and are making efforts to
resolve the question between Greece and Turkey."
June 12: Inbni was reportedto have acceptedJohn-
son's invitationfor talks on Cyprus.
June 13: The US and UK were reportedto have
agreed to contribute$3 million toward the cost
of keeping the UN force in Cyprus for another
3 months.
June 15: Johnsonannouncedthat Papandreouwould
confer with him in Washington on the Cyprus
crisis immediatelyafter ln6nii's visit.
Ethiopia
(See also, Somalia)
1964
Mar. 19: The EthiopianRed Sea Co. took delivery
of 4 ships purchasedfrom Bulgaria. The ships are
of 3,410, 2,200, 700 and 550 tons displacement.
Mar. 30: A joint communiquewas issued announc-
ing that Ethiopia and Somalia have agreed to a
ceasefirein their 6-monthborderfighting. Reports
from the 2 countries'capitals indicated,however,
that fightingwas continuingin the disputeddesert
frontierregion.
Apr. 1: The Ministryof Informationsaid that fight-
ing had stopped along the frontier with Somalia
exceptat Teferi Ber.
Apr. 8: The Defense Ministry announced that
Ethiopia had withdrawnall her troops from the
Somaliborder.
Apr. 24: The governmentwas reported to have
"acceptedin principle"a British offer of a loan
of ?2 million, in support of the country'ssecond
5-yeardevelopmentplan.
 CHRONOLOGY 327

May 1: It was learnedthat following the visit of a
delegation from West Germanyto Addis Ababa
last month several new agreements have been
signed providing a new basis for economic rela-
tions between the 2 countries covering trade,
capital aid, technical assistance and investment
promotion. In addition, agreements have been
reached on confiscatedGerman assets and on sea
and air traffic.
The Ministryof Agricultureannouncedthe sign-
ing of a contractwith a Belgian group for a 40-
year lease of a sheep breeding farm to be estab-
lished at a cost of Eth.$2,813,000 as part of a
plan to develop the country'slivestock industry.
May 14: The World Bank announceda loan equiva-
lent to $23.5 million for the development of
electricpowerin Ethiopia.
May 23: EmperorHaila Silasse will pay state visits Apr. 17: It was reportedthat, at the conclusionof
next month to Kenya, the United Republic of
Tanganyikaand Zanzibar,and to Uganda, it was
announced.
June 4: The Ethiopianambassadorto Sweden,Abate
Agede, was shot and critically wounded by his
chauffeur at the embassy in Stockholm, it was Apr. 27: Three personsaccusedof involvementin a
reported.
June 5: A technical cooperation agreement with
France,promisedto Ethiopiaby the Frenchduring
the Emperor'svisit to Francelast year,was signed.
Technicians will assist in town planning and
communications projects and will also train
Ethiopianpublic works and municipalemployees. May 1: It was reportedthat Mansor has increased
June 6: In Nairobi, Haila Silasse said that his coun- the credit available for the third 5-year develop-
try's most importanttask was "to bring material
and spiritual progressto our people." He added
that collaboration"to help free their brothersin
some partsof the continentwho still undercolonial
oppressionis part of the task."
Iran
(See also, General)
1964
Mar. 17: The Majlis ratifiedthe provisional1964/65
budget.
Mar. 18: The Senate approved the budget. The
Prime Minister,Hasan 'All Mansor,promisedthat
his new government'ssecond budget, which he
would submit to Parliamentwithin the next 3
months, would contain in detail all development May 20: Followinga 4-dayvisit to Kabulby a 6-man
and administrativeitems and would be in accord
with government policy, though he could not
undertakethat it would be without a deficit.
Apr. lo: It was learned that the Majlis and the
Senate have approved a bill creating the new
Ministry of Water and Power. The main duties
of the Ministryare: 1) preparationand execution
of programs and projects for the provision of May 29: Oil productionin South Iran for April was
water and its transfer to the main consumption
centers, and for the generation and distribution
of electric power throughoutthe country; 2) the
administrationand exploitation of the installa-
tions created in accordancewith (1) above; and
3) the supervisionof the utilization of the coun-
try's water resources, the constructionof canal
systems for cities and industrial units and of
electric power installations.
The Ministryof Economywas reportedto have
abolishedthe governmentmonopolyon importsand
exports of sugar, as well as restrictionson the
import of tea. Commercialtax on the latter was
reducedfrom RIs. 38.70 to Rls. 23 per kilo, with
the customs duty remaining at Rls. 31 per kilo.
The Governorof the CentralBank orderedthat
all influentialpositions in local banks which have
foreign capital participationshould be held by
Iraniannationals.
an official visit to Iran by Italy's ForeignMinister
Guiseppe Saragat,he spoke of the possibility of
Italy providingtechnicalaid for Iran, particularly
in the fields of dam construction,land reform and
heavyindustry.
plot against the government were sentenced to
death,it was reportedin Tehran. They were among
16 charged before an army tribunalwith having
caused unrest in Khuzistan. Three received life
imprisonment,4 were jailed for 15 yearsand 3 for
13 years;4 were acquitted.
ment plan. It will be recalled that the former
Premier, Asadollah 'Alam, cut the proposed Rls.
190 billion to Rls. 140 billion. The Cabinet ap-
provedit at this figure on October31, 1962. Now
the governmentintends to increase the original
figure to a total of RIs. 200 billion.
May 5: The Shah opened ceremoniesmarking the
constructionof a dam on the Jaj-RudRiver, 25
miles northeastof Tehran,at a cost of $47 million.
May 8: It was learnedthat a bill for the establish-
ment of a stock exchange in Tehran has been
placed beforethe Majlis.
May 15: The National Iranian Oil Co. (NIOC)
announceda gas strike in its well No. 3A in the
Gorgan area, with an output estimatedat between
3 to 5 million cu. ft. of gas a day from a depth of
6,675 ft.
NIOC delegation, it was announced that Iranian
oil exports to Afghanistanmight be increased.
May 24: Renewalof an agreementto supply Afghan-
istan with oil productson the same basis as in the
past, and the responsibilityfor aircraft refueling
operations at Kabul and Kandaharairports were
announced.
6,681,000 long tons as comparedwith 6,096,000
long tons for April last year, an increaseof about

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328 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

8.7 per cent. Total productionfor January-April guilty of "makinghostile broadcastsfrom a foreign
1964 was 26,431,000 long tons as comparedwith
23,450,000 in 1963, an increase of about 11 per
cent, it was reported.
It was learned that the World Bank has ap-
proved a loan of $18.5 million, repayableat the
rate of 5.5 per cent over 20 years to be used for
road-buildingprojects in Iran.
June 4: The Shah arrivedin Washingtonon a visit
describedas "privateand cultural." He met with
Secretaryof StateDean Rusk.
June 5: The Shah met with PresidentJohnsonat a
diplomaticluncheonin the White House.
June 9: It was reportedin New York that the Shah
offered to designatea contingentfor use in a UN
peace force "in any part of the world," upon
request.
June 15: The Shah awardedthe Orderof Homayoun
to Arthur Upham Pope, 83, who has led 15
researchexpeditions to Iran in preparationfor a Apr. 16: A UAR military delegation left Baghdad
25-volumework on Persian art. Twelve of these
volumes have been completed.
The Shahleft for Rabat,on his way home.
Iraq
(See also, Syria, UAR)
1964
Mar. 16: President 'Abd al-Salam 'Arif announced
that a provisionalconstitutionwould soon be pro-
claimed,"perhapsafter my returnfrom my visit to
India and Pakistan" (beginning March 20).
The Iraq National Oil Companyheld its first
meeting to study steps to be taken to put the
company into operation. Premier Tahir Yah-y
opened the meeting and urged the members to Apr. 22: The Minister of Justice, Kamil al-Khatib,
study plans for marketingoil and to be content,
in the first stage, with exporting crude and con-
centratingon petro-chemicals.
Mar. 20: 'Arif arrivedin Karachion a 6-day official
visit.
Mar. 24: Sequestrationof the property of Mulla
Mustafa al-Barzaniand 404 other Kurds has been
lifted, the Baghdad press reported.
Mar. 27: It was learned that 'Abd al-Ghani Sa'id
al-Rawihas been appointedMinisterof Agriculture
in place of 'Arif 'Abd al-Razzaqwho has been Apr. 29: 'Abd al-KarimFarhan,Ministerof Culture,
appointedCommanderof the Air Force.
Mar. 28: 'Arif met with Indian Prime Minister
Nehru in New Delhi.
Apr. 1: 'Arif returnedto Baghdad. He said he was
pleasedwith his visits to India and Pakistan,which
"strengthenedties of cordiality and cooperation
and providedan opportunityto explain Arab view Apr. 30: The Cabinetapprovedthe provisionalcon-
points."
Apr. 4: Nazihah al-Dulaymi, woman Minister of May 3: The Presidentannouncedthe new constitu-
Municipal Affairs during the Qasim regime, was
sentencedto death in absentia (she now lives in
Bulgaria) by a military court, having found her
radio, inciting the people to wage armed revolt
and holding party meetings at the Ministry of
Municipal Affairs." The court commuted the
sentence to life imprisonmentand deprived the
defendant of civil rights for 10 years. Ahmad
MuhammadYahya, then Ministerof Interior,who
was in custody,was sentencedto 5 years imprison-
ment, 2,600 dinars and deprivationof civil rights
for 5 years on the charge of "influencingthe
people's morale by spreading terror and with
threateningthe national revolution."
Apr. 11: The ForeignMinister,Subhi 'Abdal-Hamid,
indicated that Iraq would be willing to train
guerrillas from any African country fighting
colonialism,it was reportedin Beirut.
Apr. 15: The President distributedthe title deeds
of plots of land to 700 families at the town of
Qarmiya,it was reported.
for Cairo after a 3-week visit to Iraq. Its leader,
MuhammadHasan 'Abd al-Rahlim,told pressmen
that his talks with Iraqi representativesdealt with
the unificationof the armies of the 2 countries,
"as a first step towards unifying them for the
armiesof all Arabcountries."
Apr. 18: It was announcedin Baghdad that Iraq
will barter 10,000 tons of dates for Czech agri-
cultural machineryto be used by the Agrarian
Reform Organization. A similar agreement to
barter5,000 tons of dates for consumerand food
productswas concluded with Czechoslovakialast
February.
A total of 77,560 dunums of land was distrib-
uted under the agrarian reform law to 1,939
families in the Kut district, it was reported.
was reported to have said that the provisional
constitution,which the Presidenthad just examined
in its final form, prohibited any groups from
forming political parties which "try to dominate
the people and the countryand cause them dam-
age." He added the constitution will be passed
by the Cabinet "immediatelyafter 'Id al-Adha."
Apr. 27: The Baghdadpress was reportedto express
satisfactionover reports that the provisionalcon-
stitution would proclaim"socialism."
left Baghdadfor a 2-week visit to West Germany
at the invitationof the West Germangovernment.
Reportedly,he will discuss increased cooperation
between the information departmentsof the 2
countries consonant with a technical cooperation
agreementin this field.
stitution,it was reported.
tion declaring Iraq an "Arab, Islamic, inde-
pendent and sovereign" state with the aim of
"Arabunity, beginningwith constitutionalunion"

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 CHRONOLOGY
with the UAR. He indicated he was seeking
Egyptian support against the Ba'thist regime in
Syria and against the return of the Bath party
in Iraq.
May 4: UAR Vice President 'Abd al-Hakim 'Amir
begana 4-daystatevisit to Iraq.
The 1963 national income dropped by ID 11
million, the Governor of the Central Bank dis-
closed, as comparedwith that of 1962, with the
biggest drop in agriculturalproductionof about
23 per cent. Oil productionshowed an increaseof
15 per cent.
May 6: A Kuwayti popular delegation presentedto
the Presidenta check of $391,500 contributedby
the Kuwaytis to the "martyrsof the Iraqi army,"
it was reported.
May 11: The post of militarygovernorof the North-
ern Zone was abolished, and it was learned that
all detainedKurds had been released.
An agreement for economic and technical co-
operationwith Finland was signed. Finland will
provide facilities for all Iraqi projects which re-
quired aid upon the recommendationof a mixed
committeechargedwith the study of the economic,
financial and technical requirements.
May 16: A new law governingthe National Revolu-
tionary Council was published, it was reported,
which restrictsthe membershipof the Council to
20, with the President as chairman. Among its
functions will be to issue the budget, ratify inter-
national treaties and agreements,proclaimgeneral
mobilization,declarewar, accepta truce and direct
the affairsof the republicduring the 3-yeartransi-
tion period "in a mannerensuringprotectionof the
revolution and achievementof its aims." It also
grants the President"exceptionalpowers," includ-
ing all functions of the Council for one year, re-
newable "wheneverneeded and at the discretion
of the President."
May 20: 'Arif, who arrived in Cairo 10 days ago,
met with PremierKhrushchev. The latter joined
PresidentNasir as a dinnerguest of the President
at the Iraqi embassy.
May 22: The governmentwas reportedto have de-
cided to abrogate agreementswith foreign firms
+irhich have undertakendevelopment projects in
recent years. It will pay non-disputedsums, total-
ling some ID1,400,000, to companies concerned
(mostly West German). Disputed cases, amount-
ing to about ID4 million owed to foreign com-
panies, will be referredto a committeecomprised
of the Minister of Justice, a legal expert and the
minister concerned.
May 26: A militaryunion with the UAR was agreed
and signed in Cairo. (See UAR)
May 27: The RevolutionaryCouncil approved the
agreement.
May 30: It was learned that Farhan had reached
agreement with West Germany under which 5
German specialists in publicity and information
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329
would work with the Iraqi radio and television
and the Iraqi News Agency. Iraqis will train in
Germanyin publicityand informationmedia for 2
years.
June 2: 'Abd al-RazzaqMuhyl al-Din, Ministerfor
Union Affairs, announcedthat "socialistmeasures"
that have been applied in the UAR would not
necessarilybe applied in Iraq under the projected
union betweenthe 2 countries. He added that the
agreement signed in Cairo last week "was no
more than a first step" toward a future union.
June 6: It was learned that, under a new publica-
tions law issued last month, licenses to 4 political
dailies, al-'Arab,al-Jumhzlriyah,al-Manir and al-
Fair al-Jadid, have been renewed. Licenses can
only be issued to organizationsof not less than 5
persons. A new political daily, al-Wihdat al-
'Arabiyah,was authorized.
June 8: It was reportedthat Iraqi troopsthat fought
the Kurds in northernIraq have returnedto their
permanentbarracks.
June 13: Oil Minister 'Abd al-'Azlz al-Wattarian-
nouncedthat 13 new oil projectswill be constructed
this year at a cost of ID7,200,000, among which
was a new ID4,000,000 refineryat al-Adurah.
Israel
(See also, General, Palestine Problems,UAR)
1964
Mar. 17: RabbiItzhakNissim was re-electedSephardi
(Oriental) Chief Rabbi,and Rabbi Iser J. Unter-
man was chosen to fill the Ashkenazi(Occidental)
post that hast been vacantsince the death of Chief
Rabbi ItzhakH. Herzog in 1959, it was reported.
A slate approvedby the 2 new chief rabbis and
sponsored by the National Religious party won
9 of 10 seats in the SupremeRabbinicalCouncil.
Mar. 26: It was reportedthat 104 Talmud students
and other "religious zealots" received moderate
fines and suspendedprison sentences for demon-
strating against a French Roman Catholicmission
school in Jerusalemlast September10.
Mar. 27: It was learned that an extension of last
year's ReparationsAgreementbetween Israel and
West Germanyhas been signed. The agreement
coversthe periodApril 1, 1964 to March31, 1965
duringwhich Israelwill receiveDM250 million in
West German goods, same as last year. During
1963-64 Israeli imports from West Germany,not
covered by the Agreement,amountedto DM213
million and exports to West Germanywere worth
DM223 million.
Apr. 10: It was reportedthat the AID has author-
ized additional funds amountingto ?125,250,792
to the Ministryof Financefor a numberof develop-
ment and investmentprojects including the pro-
motion of crafts and small trades, and for the ex-
pansion of postal and telephone services, airports,
330 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
roads,medicalinstitutions,agriculture,sea fisheries
and industrialprojects. Total economic assistance
to Israel since 1955 under the AID programnow
amountsto ?1823,898,792.
Apr. 12: An applicationfor asylum by a Yugoslav
deserterfrom the UNEF was under consideration,
it was reported,following his desertionlast week.
A UN spokesmandisclosedthere is no UN policy
on such a matter, nor has there been any prece-
dent.
Apr. 17: The annual IndependenceDay paradeheld
in Beersheba, was reported to have displayed
Israeli Army air power, armor and paratroops.
The merchantfleet'snew flagship,Shalom,began
her maiden voyage from Haifa to New York.
Like other Israeli ships she will serve meals in
conformity with rabbinical dietary laws, a topic
of disagreementduring the liner's construction.
Apr. 18: Israel was reported to be "balking" at
accepting international controls over the atomic
researchassistanceshe is receivingfrom the US.
Apr. 19: In Tel Aviv, a high official,who asked not
to be named, denied that Israel was balking at
foreign inspection of her atomic reactor on the
Mediterraneancoast. He said, however, that his
governmentobjectedto the transferof supervision
from the US government to the International
Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna because the
Agency refuses to include Israel with Middle East
countries.
Apr. 20: It was reported in Tel Aviv that "de-
linquents"who have avoided compliancewith the
country's compulsory education law are being
pressed into school by the Israel Army.
Apr. 25: The National ScienceFoundationin Wash-
ington was reported to have arranged for the
translation in Israel of more than 1,000 Soviet
books and articles on physics, mathematics,engi-
neering,metallurgy,chemistry,chemicaltechnology,
biology and medicine, utilizing the services of
Israeli scientists who have been partly trained in
the Soviet Union and partly in English-speaking
countries.
May 1: It was disclosed that in fiscal 1963-64 the
volume of goods handled at the ports of Haifa,
Jaffa, Tel Aviv and Eilat increasedby 6 per cent
over the previousyearto an overall 3,700,000 tons.
Passengertrafficincreasedby 20,000 to 242,000.
May 2: PremierLevi Eshkol invited Pinhas Lavon
to returnto the councils of the Mapai party,it was
reported,following consultationswith party lead-
ers, but without formal approvalfrom any Mapai
body.
May 5: An official statement from Tel Aviv said
that the first water flowed through Israel's pipe-
line from the Sea of Galilee to the Negev following
tests which have been taking place for several
days.
May 7: It was reportedthat a "go-slow" strike of
Israeli postal workers entered its fourth day with
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millions of letters and packagespiling up in post
offices. Strikerswere protestingagainst low wages
underthe new job evaluationprogram.
May 8: It was learned that an agreementhas been
concluded with the European Common Market
(EEC) along the lines of Israeli proposalsprovid-
ing for tariff concessions on certain finished
productsand fruit for a period of 3 years.
May 15: An agreementwith a Turkish firm for the
establishment of a joint assembly plant which
will be supplied with componentsfrom Autocars'
Company,makersof Sussita and Carmelcars, has
been concluded,it was disclosed. Initially, it is
planned to supply $320 worth of componentsfor
each of the 3,000 cars which the Turkishassembly
plant will produce yearly.
May 22: It was reported that the first 9 tons of
ethylene gas from the PetrochemicalEnterprises'
plant in Haifa was sent to the bromineworks at
Sdom which will take initially about 500 tons a
year, doubling this amount by 1967. The gas is
used in the production of ethylene-dibromide,a
substanceused to raise the octanecontentof petrol.
The SupremeCourt said that Jewish community
leaders in wartime Europeanghettos "had facili-
tated the Nazi roundup of the doomed." How-
ever, the bench censured the state for having
sought to brand the Judenrat as "criminal or-
ganizations."
May 29: The CentralBureauof Statistics,in a survey
of national income and expenditure,1950-62, has
disclosed that the country'sgross national product
increased 31/2-fold during the 12 years of the
survey,amountingto a rise of 5.5 per cent annually
per capita.
June 1: Eshkol began his official visit to the US,
the first official visit to the US by an Israeli
Premier. He met with PresidentJohnson.
June 2: A communiqueissued after the Eshkol-
Johnson talks said, inter alia, that "the agreement
reachedto undertakejoint studies of the problem
of desalinationprovides concrete evidence of the
desire of the United States to continue to assist
Israel in its efforts to solve remaining economic
problems .
June 3: In a dinner speech at the Waldorf-Astoria,
Eshkol remarkedthat "therewill be no violence"
on the Jordanwater plan "and we hope that the
Arabs will desist from their attitude of barren
hostility."
June 5: It was reportedthat in the first 4 monthsof
this yearthe foreign tradedeficitamountedto $133
million, more than double the figure for the same
period last year. Importsincreasedby 35 per cent
to $72 million, one third of this total being spent
on ships and aircraft, and exports fell by 4 per
cent, or $6 million, due to a decline in citrus
exports.
June 6: Eshkol declaredthat his nation's develop-
ment dependedon its ability to use cheap nuclear
 CHRONOLOGY 331

power for industry and to desalt water for agri- Apr. 7: Fifty Ba'thistand communistdetaineeswere
culture, it was reported, during a speech to the reported to have been released and 38 detained
Israel Bond Organization. communistswere referredto the legal authorities
June 14: A demonstrationagainst the life sentences for a decision, it was reported. Among those re-
given in Pretoria, South Africa, 2 days ago was leased were Munif al-Razz&z,Amin Shuqayrand
led in Tel Aviv by ArthurGoldreich,a white anti- Subhlal-Qutub,Ba'thleaders.
apartheidleaderwho avoidedsharingthe prisoners' Apr. 12: AmbassadorKamal Khalil of the UAR
fate by breakingout of a South African jail last presentedhis credentialsto the King.
July. Apr. 14: The Minister of Health told a press con-
June 15: Eshkol returnedto Tel Aviv and declared ference that the West Bank of Jordan was now
he had gained Johnson'sgoodwill and understand- clear of malariaand expressedthe hope that all of
ing concerning Israel's security and economic Jordan would be free of malariawithin 2 years.
problems. Husayn arrived in Washington on a 10-day
officialvisit. He conferredwith PresidentJohnson.
Apr. 16: Following their talks the 2 leadersissued a
communiqueexpressinga commonconcernin pre-
Jordan serving and strengthening peace in the Middle
(See also, General, Kuwayt, Palestine Problem) East.
Apr. 17: Khalil al-Salim, Governorof the Central
1964 Bank,returnedto Ammanafter visiting centraland
Mar. 16: King HIusaynwent to Kuwayt on a 3-day commercialbanks in England, France and Italy.
state visit. He indicatedthat he has obtained the cooperation
Mar. 19: The Jordanianpress said that Husayn's of these countries in personnel training and the
talks with the Ruler of Kuwayt, which dealt with employmentof experts. The CentralBank would
economic questions, were successful. It was also begin operationsearly in October, he said.
learnedthat a scheduledvisit to Saudi Arabiahad Apr. 28: A conference of specialists in Bedouin
been canceledby mutual agreement. affairs, held in Geneva from April 6-20, recom-
Mar.21: The King returnedto Ammanfrom a 3-day mended the establishmentof a special center to
private visit to Tehran, it was reported. deal with Bedouin problems under Arab League
A mission from NationalistChinadiscussedwith supervision,MuhammadSalim al-Hunaydi,Assis-
governmentofficials the subject of strengthening tant Under Secretaryfor Social Affairs and the
ties between the 2 countries. Jordanian representativeto the conference, dis-
Mar. 24: It was reportedthat the Cabinethad sus- closed.
pended the Jerusalemdaily al-Jihb for 3 days. Apr. 30: HIusaynarrivedin London.
No reasonwas given. May 2: The Ministry of Finance announcedreceipt
Mar. 25: The Cabinet decided to establish diplo- of $1,666,000 from the AID, representingpart of
matic relations with Czechoslovakiaand Haiti at about $34 million in aid for this year. So far
embassy level, Information Minister Salih Abiu Jordan has received$3,333,000.
Zayd disclosed. May 3: It was reportedthat the US has expressed
Mar. 30: A local news agency will be established readinessto financethe buildingof a dam in Wadi
to providethe Arabicand foreign press with news al-'Arabto irrigate 10,000 dunnums.
of Jordan, official sources in Amman said. May 4: Husayn arrivedin Paris.
Two agreementson technicaland economicaid A 40-year oil concession,granted to John W.
were signed between the Development Board and Mecom on March25, was ratifiedby a decree. The
the AID: the first provides $29,000 for the pur- agreement stipulates that operations must start
chase of equipmentfor the FinanceMinistry, the within 4 months from the effective date of the
Department of Public Statistics and the Central agreementand, under an amendmentto the income
Bank; the second provides $46,000 for the pur- tax law, the governmentwill receive 50 per cent
chase of equipmentfor the AgriculturalScientific of the profitsfrom any future oil production.
ResearchDepartmentand for sending missions for May 11: Pope Paul VI grantedan audienceto the
specialization in scientific agricultural research King.
abroad. May 13: Husaynreturnedto Amman.
Apr. 1: The Cabinet approvedthe agreementon a May 15: The Director of Railwaysannouncedthat
Kuwayti loan to Jordan, amounting to KD5 repair work has started on the Jordanianportion
million. of the Hijaz Railway.
Apr. 2: The House of Representativesapprovedthe May 16: A decision to establishdiplomaticrelations
Arab agreementson Economic Union, Financial with Hungarywas announced.
Organizationfor EconomicDevelopment,the Arab May 19: The first Greek ambassadorto Jordan,
Navigation Company and the Arab International AnastasAntonopoulos,presentedhis credentialsto
Airline. the King.

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332 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
May 20: Following discussions between represent-
atives of the UN Special Fund and Jordanian
officials, it was disclosed that undergroundwater
in the al-Azraq area was not enough to support
a majoragriculturalproject.
May 23: It reportedin Amman that an agreement
for promotingtourism to Jordanwas signed with
the AID. The US will provide $1,285,000 in eco-
nomic and technicalassistancefor use in helping
maintain archaeological sites and in training
Jordanians.
May 24: Prime Minister Sharif Husayn ibn Nasir
was reported to have approvedthe recommenda-
tions drawnup by a special committeeto organize
the marketingof agriculturalproduceabroad. Ex-
portersand farmerswill be mergedinto big share-
holding companieswith a view to preventingthe
exploitation of farmers. He also approved the
committee'srecommendation for banningthe import
of certainkinds of vegetablesand fruits on specific
dates in orderto protectlocal produce.
May 27: Two agreementswere signed with AID,
the first for developing the use of manpowerand
the second for the supply of engineeringservices
and facilities for projectsundertakenby the Central
Water Authority,it was disclosed.
May 31: The AID agreedto contribute$488,400 for
the improvementof health and living conditionsin
the East Ghor Canal area, it was learned,includ-
ing $280,000 being the proceedsof an American
grain gift.
June 1: Ten "politicalprisoners"were released,Zayd
announced,at the request of Husayn.
June 4: Thirty-oneother political detaineeswere re-
leased on instructions of the King. The group
included 16 officers and 2 former members of
Parliament. Some belongedto the Ba'th party and
others to the Arab Nationalist Movement.
June 6: Amin Yuinis al-Husayni, Acting Foreign
Ministerin the absenceof Nasir who is in London
for medical treatment, discussed with the Iraqi
ambassador,Jasim Muhammad,outstandingfinan-
cial questions related to the former federation.
June 8: Completionof the final stage of the 213-km.
desert road between Amman and Ma'an was
celebrated. The road has cost some JD3,750,000.
June 11: The Statistics Directorateannouncedthat
Jordan had a deficit of more than JD44,000,000
in her tradebalanceduringthe past year.
June 15: The Under Secretaryof Agriculturedis-
closed that some JD2,500,000 worth of wheat and
othergrain of this season'scropwould be exported.
Kashmir
1964
Mar. 16: It was reportedin New Delhi that 4 per-
sons were killed and 4 others wounded in an
alleged Pakistaniraid on the village of Phalwal on
the Kashmircease-fireline.
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Mar. 17: The SecurityCouncil debate on Kashmir
was resumed.
Mar. 18: Prime Minister Nehru told the Indian
Parliamentthat Indianforces would pursueraiders
acrossthe cease-fireline in Kashmirif such a move
"becomesnecessaryin the defenseof our territory."
An IndianDefense Ministryspokesmansaid that
3 Pakistaniswere killed in a clash with an Indian
patrolin Kashmir.
Mar. 19: Commentingon Nehru's remarksPresident
MuhammadAyub Khan was reportedto have said
"It is easiersaid than done." He addedthe present
unrestin Kashmir"was not inspiredby Pakistan."
Mar. 24: An Indian governmentspokesmansaid 24
armed Pakistaniswere killed crossing the cease-
fire line into Indianterritory.
A bomb exploded in the KashmirState assembly
building in Jammu,it was reported. There were
no casualties.
Mar. 28: The Chief of Staff of the Indian Army,
Gen. J. M. Chaudhury,visited the Jammuarea to
discuss recent clashes along the cease-fireline, it
was reportedin New Delhi.
Mar. 31: GhulamMohammedSadiq,the PrimeMin-
ister of Kashmir,announcedthat ShaykhMoham-
med Abdullah,the "Lion of Kashmir,"will soon
be released.
Apr. 4: In a note to the IndianDeputy High Com-
missioner in Karachi, Pakistan protested against
what it termed the "mergerbill" introducedin
the Assemblyof Indian-heldKashmir. It said the
bill violated the special status of the state of
Jammu and Kashmir under the terms of UN
resolutions.
Apr. 8: Abdullah was released, 10 years after his
imprisonment.
Apr. 9: In a speechin Jammu,Abdullahtold 15,OOO
citizens that the people of the state must decide
for themselves"what is in your best interest."
Apr. 10: Referring to Pakistan'sproposal that he
meet Ayub on the Kashmirproblem,Abdullahsaid
this was "reasonable."Abdullahhas also agreedto
visit with Nehru.
Apr. 11: It was reported in New Delhi that Lal
BahadurShastri,Minister Without Portfolio, told
Parliamentthat he was "surprisedand pained" by
Abdullah's statements. He "has freedom of
speech," Shastri said, "but there should be no
freedom to preach some kind of independenceor
Kashmir's getting out of the country. Neither
India nor any other country can allow that kind
of propaganda."
Apr. 13: Abdullah replied to the Indian statement
saying "If this is the Indian government'sattitude,
what is the purpose of my visiting Delhi?" He
denied having "pleaded for an independent
Kashmir," and indicated this is proved by his
acceptanceof Nehru's invitation.
Apr. 16: Abdullah fell ill, it was reported, from
exposureand exertion.
Apr. 17: In a speech in Srinagar,Abdullahdeclared
that it was "nonsense"for India to repeat slogans
 CHRONOLOGY 333
that "Kashmiris an undetachablepart of India." Seydoux of France, noted that all 11 Council
UN Under Secretaryfor Special Affairs, Ralph membersagreedon an appealto India and Pakistan
J. Bunche, arrivedin Jammufrom New Delhi on to resumetalks. Some felt that U Thant could be
a mission for UN SecretaryGeneral U Thant, in useful in negotiations while others thought this
connectionwith the Kashmirdispute. would add complications. The Soviet Union and
Apr. 18: An estimatedquarterof a million Kash- Czechoslovakiasupportedthe Indian stand during
miris turned out in Srinagarto greet Abdullah on the debate.
his return to his home, it was reported. May 21: A group of women demonstratedoutside
Apr. 19: Abdullah canceled a political speech in the UN headquartersin Srinagardemandingan
Srinagarbecause of a fever. Meanwhile Bunche immediateplebiscitefor Kashmir.
consultedwith membersof the UN cease-fireteam May 24: Abdullaharrivedin Rawalpindion what he
in Srinagar. calleda "missionof peace."
Apr. 21: Prime MinisterIsmet Indnii of Turkeywas May 25: Abdullah urged Pakistanisto seek peace
reportedto have said that Pakistanand India has and friendship with India, it was reported, and
asked him to mediatein the Kashmirdispute. An emphasizedthat every country should be guided
Indian spokesmanin New Delhi said India had by its own national interest and not depend on
"definitelynot" asked the Premier. foreigners.
Pakistani Foreign Minister ZulfikarAli Bhutto May 28: Bhutto was reportedto have said in New
said in Karachi that the Kashmir dispute was Delhi, during funeral services for Nehru, that
entering a "crucial and important phase." He since India was in a state of political transition
added Pakistan"has come to the end of the road the 2 countriesshould "for the time being" put
in Kashmir." theirproblems"on ice."
In Srinagar, former Prime Minister Bakshi May 31: In an address to the Muslim League in
Ghulam Mohammed,who put Abdullah in jail Peshawar, Ayub rejected any confederation of
in 1953, was "stoned and insulted" by a Pakistan and India as a solution to the Kashmir
crowd of several thousandwhen he came to visit dispute,it was reported.
Abdullah,it was reported.
Apr. 27: It was reportedIndia has sent a letter of
protest to the Security Council demanding com- Kuwayt
pensationfor 14 Indiansoldierskilled last February
on patrol near the cease-fireline. India also de- (See also, General,Iraq,Jordan,SaudiArabia,UAR)
mandedthe returnof 9 Indian constablesallegedly
capturedby the Pakistaniarmedforces. 1964
Apr. 29: Abdullah arrivedin New Delhi for talks Mar. 20:
It was disclosed that the averageproduc-
with Nehru. tion of the KuwaytOil Company(KOC) in Jan-
May 2: After his talks with Nehru, Abdullah said uary and February 1964 amounted to 2,156,029
that the dispute over Kashmir'saccessionto India b/d comparedwith 1,729,073 b/d in the same
was a "minor point," adding that this question, period of 1963.
along with the whole Kashmir problem, would The governmentwas reportedto have agreedin
"disappear,if we can achieve peace and friendship principle to grant the UAR loans totaling ?35
betweenIndiaand Pakistan." million, of which ?25 million will be made avail-
May 5: Pakistanproposedthat Abdullah be invited able from state reservesand the balancefrom the
by the SecurityCouncil to take part in its current Kuwayt Fund for Arab Economic Development
debate on Kashmir. The Indian delegate said, (KFAED). The loans will be for 15 years and
however,that "thereis no need for others"to speak carrya 4 per cent interest,repaymentcommencing
for the 2 sides. 5 years after the loan is made.
May 9: Abdullah was reportedto be in support of Mar. 27: It was announcedthat a Water Authority
an Indian-Pakistanicondominiumas a solution for has been established to coordinatea scheme for
the Kashmirproblem. conveyingsweet water from the Shatt al-'Arabin
May 12: Morocco,the IvoryCoast,NationalistChina, Iraq to Kuwayt. It will be headed by Jasm
Brazil and Norway said in the Security Council al-Saqr.
that U Thant'sadvice and help should be utilized A Palestine Fund for the creation of a Pales-
in the settlementof the Kashmirdispute if India tinian entity will be set up in Kuwayt, it was
and Pakistan agreed. Pakistan has allegedly ap- learned. The plan, preparedby the Minister of
proached U Thant in the hope he could be Finance and Industry,ShaykhJ;abiral-AhmadAl
persuadedto mediate, but India has stood firm Sabah, suggested a 5 per cent tax on salaries of
in her oppositionto a thirdparty. all Palestiniansemployedin Kuwayt,a 30 fils (8.4
May 13: The US, Britainand Francejoined the other cents) stamp duty on cinema tickets and a 5 fils
nations in urging both sides to settle their dispute (1.4 cents) tax per gallon on locally marketed
with U Thant'shelp. gasoline. Subjectto the approvalof the Cabinet,
May 18: At the close of the UN debate the presi- these taxes will be introducedon April 1.
dent of the Security Council for May, Roger Mar. 29: An informationadvisorycouncil under the

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334 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
control of the Ministryof Guidanceand Informa-
tion was set up.
Mar. 30: Kuwayt radio announcedthat India will
buy petroleum products from Kuwayt as well as
products of a petro-chemicalindustry being built
by the government.
Mar. 31: Iranian Foreign Minister 'Abbas Aram
left for home after a 4-day visit. A joint com-
munique said the Ruler, Shaykh 'Abdallah al-
Salim Al Sabah, had accepted an invitation to
visit Iran.
Apr. 2: The Amir left for Bombayfor a rest, it was
reported.
Apr. 3: The GeneralOil AffairsDepartmentdecided
to open a branchoffice at Khafji in the Neutral
Zone, it was learned.
Apr. 10: It was reported that in the future the
governmentwill not grant loans to other Arab
states from the state's general reserve. An official
source was quoted in Akhbir al-Kuwayt as saying
that the governmentcreatedthe KFAED to assist
in financingvarious Arab economic projects; the
government'spolicy is to develop and enlarge the
reserve,which stood at KD127 million. This rule
would not apply, however,to the loans grantedto
the UAR and Jordan, KD25 million and KD5
million respectively.
Apr. 14: The loan agreementwith the UAR was
signed in Kuwayt. Besides the KD25 million, a
further loan of KDl0 million was made for Suez
Canalimprovementprojects.
Apr. 17: It was learnedthat following the approval
by the Saudi Arabiangovernmentand the Kuwayti
Cabinetof the agreementon administrativerights
in the Neutral Zone, the matter will be referred
to the National Assemblyfor ratification.
The averageproductionfigure for KOC for the
first 3 months of 1964 was reportedat 2,160,029
b/d; average productionfor the whole of 1963
was 1,932,789 b/d and for 1962, 1,833,656 b/d.
Apr. 18: The KD5 million loan to Jordan, which
will be used by Jordanto balanceits budget, was
signed in Kuwayt.
May 1: It was learned that the granting of loans
from the state reservefund during the past month
has touched off a debate in the press as to the
"wisdomof the government'sloan policy."
May 8: The constructionand equipmentof a new
plant for the manufactureof steel pipe by the
spiral welding process was reportedto have been
completed in Kuwayt. The plant, owned by the
Kuwayt Pipe Company(KUPCO), has a produc-
tion capacityof 10,000 tons of spiral welded pipe
per shift, per year.
May 11: Kuwayt radio announcedthat the Amir
has contributed KD1 million from his private
funds for the building of dwellings for Kuwaytis
of limitedincome.
May 16: In a speech during ceremoniesin Aswan,
Egypt, PremierKhrushchevwas reportedto have
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said that the "imperialistswere still in Kuwayt
where there was a Muslim Arab amir . . . who
is paid a bribe . . . who lives to be very rich
trading with the wealth of his people; and his
consciencedoes not disturb him in this respect."
May 21: The Kuwayti ambassadorin Cairo, Khilid
'Adas5n!,said that Kuwayt was proud of her oil
returnsbeing used in the service of the Kuwaytis
and for raising their standards.He was comment-
ing on the Sovietleader'sremarks.
May 23: It was reportedin Kuwaytthat the Foreign
Minister called on the Soviet ambassadorwith a
letter of protest. Officials said that Kuwayt will
break off diplomatic relations with the USSR if
"a satisfactory apology" was not made for
Khrushchev'scomments.
May 26. In a statementto the National Assembly,
the FinanceMinisterdisclosedthat a total of about
KD120 million has been loaned to other Arab
countriesin the past 5 years.
June 5: It was learned that as a result of a new
agreementwith the governmentthe oil companies
will from now on pay their taxes in the same
fiscal year in which they are incurred,ratherthan
in the following year as under the presentsystem.
June 12: It was reportedthat the draft budget for
fiscal 1964-65 has an estimated revenue of
KD204,879,796 as comparedwith KD196,071,257
in 1963-64. Total expenditure, including alloca-
tions for developmentprojects and acquisitionof
property, was put at 191,992,806 as against
KD179,796,619 the previous year. An allocation
of KD12,886,990 has been earmarkedfor the
generalreserve.
Lebanon
(See also, General,PalestineProblem)
1964
Mar. 26: Al-Ahrdr, a new daily, reported to be
sympatheticwith the Ba'th party, appeared in
Beirut. The party is not permittedto operate in
Lebanon.
Mar. 28: A treatyregulatingjudicial affairsbetween
Lebanonand Tunisia was signed, which provides,
amongotherthings, for the extraditionof criminals
and judicial cooperation,it was reported.
Mar. 31: The Banque du Liban, Lebanon's first
central bank, was inauguratedby Prime Minister
Hiusayn'Uwayni. Its firstgovernoris Philip Taqla,
who resignedas ForeignMinister.
Apr. 1: 'Uwayni accepted Taqla's resignation as
well as that of Fu'ad 'Ammuin,Minister of Econ-
omy and Planning. 'Ammunwas appointedFor-
eign Minister and Joseph Najjir Minister of
Economyand Planning.
Apr. 5: The first of 4 stages of the Lebanesegeneral
electionwas held.
Apr. 6: The Beirut CommercialCourt of First In-
stance declaredthe Banque Fonciere bankruptbe-
 CHRONOLOGY
cause "it was unable to meet its liabilities." The
lawyers for the bank preparedan appeal against
the verdict.
Apr. 10: 'Ammun was granted a private audience
with Pope Paul VI. He declaredhe had given the
Pontiff Arab views on internationalquestions.
Apr. 13: The CommercialCourt agreed to an appli-
cationby the CommercialBank,which has a capital
of ?13 million, for a moratorium.The bank faced
financialdifficultiesdue, as the verdictsaid, to the
hardships which led to the bankruptcyof the
Banque Fonciere. The Commercial Bank was
granted a delay of 3 years to settle its debts, sub-
ject to the approvalof the creditors.
Apr. 24: The "Green Project," the ?L27 million
land reclamationand afforestationproject author-
ized by a decree last July and scheduledfor com-
pletion in 10 years, was reportedto cost annually
from ?L1 million in 1964 to ?L2,750,000 in 1968
and ?L3,750,000 in the final year, 1973. An
average of 7,500 hectaresof land a year will be
reclaimedand cultivated.
Apr. 27: Officialresults of the third round of elec-
tions in Beirut and Mount Lebanonindicatedthat
former President Camille Sham'-anand head of
the National Bloc party, RaymondEddle (Iddah)
have lost. Kamal Junblat, leader of the Socialist
Progressive party, was elected together with 6
membersof his ticket. Eighty-oneDeputies in the
next Parliamenthave been elected so far, the last
18 seats will be filled next Sunday.
May 3: With the elections over, it was announced
that the new chamberincludes 71 formerdeputies,
including 57 who were in the chamberdissolved
in February,and 28 in Parliamentfor the firsttime.
May 9: PresidentFu'ad Shihabwas reportedto have
rejected an appeal by 44 membersof Parliament
that he seek renominationfor another6-yearterm.
May 10: It was disclosed in Beirut that a Syrian
army officer and a former memberof Parliament
were arrestedand charged with planning a cam-
paign of terrorin Lebanon.
'Ammiinleft for Brusselsto lead a delegationin
negotiationswith the EuropeanCommon Market
(EEC) for an agreementon associationbetween
Lebanonandthe EEC.
May 17: 'Ammuintold reportersin Beirut that his
mission was successfuland yielded positive results.
The secondroundof talkswith the EECwill begin
in July.
May 19: The Foreign Affairs Committee of the
Chamberof Deputies elected Taqi al-Din al-Sulh
as its chairman.
May 21: 'Uwayni's governmentwon the confidence
of Parliamentby a vote of 75 to 7, with one
abstention.
May 26: The Chamberof Deputies passed a motion
calling for an amendmentto the Constitutionso as
to allow the reelection of Shihab for a second
term.
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335
May 28: Ahmad Da'iiq, former Premier and now
presidentof the BanqueFonciere,was questioned,a
judicial sourcestated, in connectionwith the bank-
ruptcy petition relating to the bank. Four senior
officials of the bank and members of its board
were remandedin custodypending furtherinvesti-
gation on charges of "fraudulentbankruptcyand
drawingcheckswithout credits,"the source added.
June 3: Shihab repeatedhis refusal to run a second
term. The Council of Ministersreturnedthe mo-
tion to the Chamber.
June 10: An agreementbetween Lebanonand the
UAR on the settlement of Lebanese properties
nationalized and sequestratedin Egypt was ap-
proved by the Cabinet. Compensationof 65 per
cent of the value of properties concerned,paid
over 7 years in various Egyptian products was
provided.
Libya
(See also, General, UAR)
1964
Mar. 16: The Chamberof Deputies approved in
principlenegotiationsto terminatethe British-Libya
treatyand the US base agreement.It authorizedthe
government,in a unanimousvote, to open negotia-
tions that would lead to the liquidation of the
bases and the evacuationof British and American
troops.
Several hundred students marched through
downtownTripoli for an hour demonstratingtheir
supportof the removalof the bases,it was reported.
Mar. 21: It was disclosed that Libyanproposalsto
end the bases in Libya were discussedat Tobruk
by King Idris and PremierMahmiudMuntasir.
A governmentstatementsaid in Tripoli that the
King had decided a few days earlier to abdicate,
but later reversedhis decision.
Mar. 23: Minister of State 'Umar Baruni declared
that the governmentfelt that the proposedclosing
of US and British bases should not alter the gen-
eral pattern of military, economic and trade ties
with these countries.
Mar. 26: Eight more Ministerswere added to the
Cabinet,it was reported.They are:
'Abdal-QadirBadri:Industry
Fu'adKa'abazi: PetroleumAffairs
'Abdal-MullaLanqi: Laborand SocialAffairs
Najm al-Din Farhat: State
'AbdallahSiqtah: State
Al-Sanus;Latiwish: Communications
Al-MunirBa'ba': Education
KhalifahTillsi: Informationand Guidance
Barfini takes over the post of Interior Minister
formerlyheld by Muntasir.
Mar. 28: Police seized 2 newspapers in Tripoli,
al-Balaqand al-Sha'b,it was reported,for carrying
articles alleged to be inflammatory.
336 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Apr. 10: It was learned that the Greek firm of
Doxiades Associateshas signed contractswith the
governmentfor the preparationof a 5-year pro-
gram for the developmentof the country'scom-
municationsfacilities.
Apr. 20: Talks between Libya and the UK on the
future of British bases in the countryopened in
Baida. A Foreign Ministry spokesmansaid that
while the treaties with the UK and US have
been "extremelyvaluable"to Libyaduring the last
10 years, it is now felt that the countryis ready
for commercialagreementsratherthan militaryand
political pacts.
Apr. 24: It was reportedthat the 1964 allocationfor
projects to be carriedout under the development
budget amounts to ?L34,741,000 comparedwith
?L169,097,000 allocationfor developmentprojects
underthe 1963-68plan.
It was reportedthat British Petroleum(BP) is
planning to build a crude oil pipeline from its
unnamedfield in Block 65, 357 miles north to a
proposed new shipping terminal in the Tobruk
area.
Apr. 29: Libyanand US representativesopenedtalks
on the withdrawal of troops from Libya. After
exploratory discussions the talks were adjourned
indefinitely.
May 1: Two more oil companieswere reportedto
have conformedto the new Oil Law, bringingthe
number to 14 out of 25 operatingfirms. It was
expectedthat by the time the governmentdrew up
the regulationsfor the new round of bidding for
new concessions, in the autumn or early winter
of this year, all the companieswill have come into
line.
May 15: It was learned that Mobil Oil Libya has
made a new discovery in concession 13 in the
SyrteBasin. The wildcat flowed at a rate of 1,344
b/d of oil with an API gravity of 37-39 degrees
through a 20/64" choke at about 8,900 feet.
May 22: New regulations were reported to have
been issued to encouragemore competitivebidding
for government contracts and a new Central
Tenders Board has been set up at the Ministryof
Financeto examineall tenderssubmittedfor public
works.
June 5: It was learnedthat the Ministersof Justice
and the 2 Ministersof Statehave resignedfrom the
Cabinet.
It was reported that Trans World Airlines
(TWA) will startweekly transatlanticflights from
Libya on July 1.
June 12: Muntasirwas reportedto have introduced
the 1964/65 budget to Parliamentafter it had
been approvedby a committeeof financialexperts.
The expenditures are about ?L25 million more
than last year'sfigureof ?L65,171,000. This is the
first budget in which the complete national in-
come has been taken into accountand includesall
revenuewhich, before the end of the federal sys-
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tem, was the sole responsibilityof the former
provinces.
Morocco
(See also, General,Algeria)
1964
Mar. 19: About 50 Moroccan students staged an
all-day sit-in demonstrationat the MoroccanEm-
bassyin Moscow,it was reported,in protestagainst
death sentenceshanded down to 11 Moroccanson
March 14 for an alleged attempt to assassinate
King IHasan.
Mar. 24: Hasan arrived in Dakar, Senegal, on a
4-dayvisit.
Mar. 25: Accordingto Maroc Informations Morocco
has borrowed 140 million dirhams (about ?10
million sterling) from Kuwayt. Kuwayt agreed
to participatein investmentsin Morocco,notably
in the touristtrade.
The King announcedin Dakarthat an all-African
institute for training administratorswould open
in Tangiersin a few months,with UN backing.
Apr. 9: A constituentcongressfor the formationof
a new political party led by Foreign Minister
Ahmad RidalGuedira (Jidirah) will be held in
Casablancathis week-end according to Le Petit
Marocain. A meeting in Rabatto preparefor the
congresswas attendedby leadersof the Front for
the Defense of ConstitutionalInstitutions. The
Istiqlal party said in La Nation Africaine that the
formationof Guedira'snew partyand the breaking
up of the FDCI threatened the government's
parliamentary majority.
Apr. 12: Formation of the Democratic Socialist
partywas announcedin Casablancaat a congressof
about 1,500 delegatesand 8 Cabinetministers,led
by PremierAhmad B-i-Haniniand Guedira. The
new partyaims to pursuethe policies of the present
.government and to rally support of "peasants,
workers and craftsmen"aroundthe King and the
constitutionalmonarchy.
Apr. 15: Moroccoand Algeria exchangedprisoners
after weeks of negotiationsunder the auspices of
the InternationalRed Cross. About 379 Algerian
captives of last fall's desert fighting were ex-
changedfor 57 Moroccans.
Apr. 16: Americanofficialsin Rabatannouncedthat
a loan of $5 million, the remainderof a $15
million allocation to Morocco last year before
American aid was suspended last February,has
been placedat the disposalof the government.
Apr. 24: A joint communiquewas issued in Rabat
announcingthat Moroccoand Tunisia will resume
diplomaticrelationsat ambassadoriallevel-broken
off in November 1960 over the latter'srecognition
of Mauretania.
Apr. 26: At a national council meeting in Rabat,
members of the Popular Movement demandeda
 CHRONOLOGY 337
"bigger share" of governmentposts. The party The International Development Association
representsBerbertribes. (IDA), an affiliateof the World Bank, extended
May 8: Following talks between M. Maurice Bras- 2 credits totaling $13 million to Pakistan for
seur, Belgian Minister of Trade, and Guedira it educational projects in West and East Pakistan,
was disclosed that the dossier of Morocco'sappli-it was announced.
cation for a special associationagreementwith the
Mar. 26: The Indian governmentpublished an ex-
EuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC) was com- change of letters between Prime Minister
plete and would be examined at the next EEC JawaharlalNehru and Ayub in which Nehru pro-
Council of Ministers meeting. posed a meeting of both countries'Home Minis-
May 19: Following his extradition from Germany ters early next month, and acceptedby Ayub, to
3 days ago, an Americanbanker,ThomasStangbye, consider the problem of the religious-minority
president of the American and Foreign Bank of refugees' moving between the 2 countries and of
Tangier, was arraignedin that city and charged the MuslimsevictedfromIndia.
with fraud and embezzlement. He disappeared Apr. 8: Ayub left the hospital after a week's stay
4 years ago reportedlywith all the assets of the for a herniaoperation,it was reportedin Karachi.
bank estimated "in excess of $1 million and Apr. 11: After 5 days of "inconclusivetalks" the
liabilities to customers and depositors totaling Home Ministers of India and Pakistan agreed to
$650,000." meet againin a month.
May 21: Oppositionmemberswalked out of Parlia- Apr. 12: A cyclone killed 75 persons and injured
ment in protest when Guediraannouncedchanges more than 500 in Jessore, about 100 miles from
in income tax and a 20 per cent cut in civil Dacca,it was reported.
servants'pay. The measureswere aimedat reassur- Apr. 18: Foreign MinisterZulfikarAli Bhutto said
ing nationals and foreignerswho were reportedly in Manila that his country "might be unable to
taking their capital out of the country. Morocco'smake a contribution"to some of the decisions
foreign exchange holdings dropped by another reached during the meeting of the Council of
100 million dirhams (about ?14 million sterling) Ministersof SEATO. Among these was a pledge
in the first quarterof this year. to protectSouthVietnam.
May 22: It was reported that the Spanish Foreign Apr. 24: It was reportedin Hong Kong that Pakis-
Minister, FernandoMaria Castiella y Miaz, will tan InternationalAirlines (PIA) has been given
visit Morocconext month "to revive talk" about a permissionto store Boeing aircraftparts in Com-
new Paris-Madrid-Rabat link. He will also discuss
munist China. The permission is conditional on
Morocco'sterritorialclaimson Spain. the parts' being "in a completely secure area,"
May 28: The Supreme Court confirmed a 1960 accordingto US Assistant Secretaryof Commerce
decision by the Court of Appeal banning the for Domestic and InternationalBusiness J. N.
Communistparty on religious and constitutional Behrman.
grounds. Apr. 29: The PIA startedregular airline service to
June 10: "ArmedMoroccanelements"opposedto the Canton and Shanghaivia Dacca, it was reported.
governmenthave infiltratedfrom Algeria and arms The AID announceda commodityloan of $100
caches have been discoverednear the frontier,the million to enable Pakistan to import iron, steel
MoroccanNews Agencyreported. and other essential commodities for her second
June 12: The governmentdisclosed that 9 men had 5-yearplan.
been killed and 4 wounded when a group of 20 May 2: The governmentannouncedit was negotiat-
armedMoroccansallegedto have crossedthe border ing for $12 million worth of tractorsfrom the
from Algeria clashed with security forces in EastSovietUnion.
Morocco. May 11: It was reported in Washington that a
Pakistani delegation ended exploratorytalks with
the Atomic EnergyCommissionand the State De-
Pakistan partmentfor the constructionof a 100,000-kilowatt
atomic power station in East Pakistan with US
(See also, General,Iraq,Kashmir)
financialassistance.
1964 May 14: The World Bankmade 2 loans to Pakistan:
one equivalentto $15 million was for the extension
Mar. 19: Demonstratorsin Dacca and Karachide- of the distributionof natural gas from the Sui
mandeddirectelectionsfor the country'spresidency field, and anotherequivalentto $17 million to the
and legislative assemblies, it was reported. Trustees of the Port of Karachifor the expansion
Mar. 25: In RawalpindiRichardM. Nixon said that and improvementof the port.
he had no doubt about the continuedalliance of May 27: Bhutto flew to New Delhi to representthe
Pakistanand the US. He had met with President governmentin funeral servicesfor Nehru who died
Mohammad Ayub Khan for 2 hours, it was of a stroke.
reported. May 28: The Pakistanflag flew at half mast on all

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338 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
public buildings and abroadto mourn the Indian
Premier'sdeath.
June 3: India chargedthat Pakistanhas been supply-
ing arms and equipmentto rebel Naga tribesmen
in northeasternIndia, it was reported in New
Delhi.
June 10: The governmentannouncedit would build
an internationalairport at Dacca with its own
funds. Last August 31 the US had postponed a
$4.3 million loan for the airport.
June 11: The IDA announced2 creditstotalingabout
$39.5 million to assist in financingconstructionof
a 150-milehighwaybetweenDacca and Chittagong
and of a 90-mile highway between Karachi and
Hyderabad.
June 12: Finance Minister MuhammadShoaib told
the National Assembly that the defense budget
for the coming fiscal year will be $259.3 million
comparedwith $245.7 million last year.
Palestine Problem
1964
Mar. 17: The Jordan-IsraelMixed Armistice Com-
mission could find no evidence to support an
allegation of Jordanianaggression on March 11,
an official statement in Amman said. Israel had
complainedto the organizationthat 20 Jordanian
soldiers entered the neutral zone on the said date
and starteddigging ditches.
Mar. 18: It was announced that the Jordanian
Lawyers' Association had decided to convene a
meeting on April 17, of all lawyersand represent-
atives of trade unions and the press in Jordanto
discuss and draft a national charterfor Palestine.
Mar. 20: The Foreign Ministers of Lebanon, Syria
and Jordanmet in Beirut to coordinatetheir tours
of Latin American capitals to explain the Arab
viewpoint on the Palestine question.
Mar. 22: It was reportedin Tel Aviv that an Arab
"infiltrator"was shot dead and a Swiss touristwas
wounded in a Jordanian-Israeliencounter near
the armisticeline.
Mar. 28: Three Arabs believed to have been
"smugglers,"a Tel Aviv report said, were killed
by an Israeli military patrol in the Araba
depression.
The Arab Higher Committeefor Palestine pub-
lished a statement in Beirut accusing Almad
al-Shuqayri,Palestinianrepresentativeat the Arab
League, of "exceedingthe league's resolution and
making an individual direct effort to set up the
Palestine entity." Shuqayrihad stated during his
stay in Beirut that he would try to form a prepar- Apr. 19: The Zionist Organizationof America,in a
atory committeerepresentingall trends and orga-
nizations including the Higher Committee.
Mar. 29: The Jordanian representative in the
Jordianian-IsraeliMixed Armistice Commission
said that the Commission had no knowledge of
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the Israeli report that 3 Arabs were killed at the
Arabadepression.
Mar. 30: Shuqayrisaid he was preparedto accept
any alternative plan for the Palestinian entity
provided it could be "successfully implemented
during 1964."
Apr. 2: The CommissionerGeneral of the Boycott
of Israel Offices,MuhammadMahjuib,said in Da-
mascusthat "Hundredsof foreign companieshave
asked that their names be removed from the
black list and say they will not deal with Israel in
a way which violates the boycott regulations."
Apr. 4: The preparatorycommitteefor the Palestine
national congress, meeting in Jerusalem,decided
to recommendthat a second congress should be
held within a year.
Apr. 7: Amin Yunis al-Husayni,JordanianMinister
of Reconstructionand Development,said that his
governmenthad agreed to a Syrianproposalfor a
meeting of representativesof Arab host govern-
ments on the advisorycommitteeof the UNRWA
for Palestine refugees in Damascus on April 13.
Apr. 8: The UAR announcedthe arrest of a young
German student on charges of having spied for
Israel. A 14-pagecase historywas published,hint-
ing that Ethiopiawas officiallyshelteringan Israeli
spy school. The student, Frowald Franz Hiitten-
meiser of Cologne,was arrestedlast November29.
Apr. 11: Hajj Amin al-Husayni, chairmanof the
Arab Higher Committeefor Palestine,accusedthe
Arab Leagueof having succumbedto "pressureand
orientation"by decidingto createa Palestineentity
similar to that proposed by Shuqayri,it was re-
ported in Beirut.
Apr. 15: Membersof the committeeformed to fol-
low up the resolutions of the Arab summit con-
ference met and decided to call themselves "the
committeeof personalrepresentativesof Arabheads
of state." They also studied a report submittedby
Shuqayriwho said his meetingswith Arab officials
and Palestine personalitieshad resulted in "full
support for the Palestine entity . . ." The commit-
tee announced.itwould hold the Palestineconfer-
ence in Jerusalemon May 28.
In Washington, King IHusayn said that the
problem "at the core of most of the turmoil, the
tensions and the international realignments"in
the Middle East is the plight of the Palestinian
refugees. He urged the US to take " a new look"
at its policy on Palestine. He also called on "ad-
herents of the Jewish faith whereverthey live to
makea deep soul-searching,and perhapsan agoniz-
ing reappraisalof their attitudetoward this whole
problemof Zionism."
resolution on Husayn's remarks, called on the
Zionist movement to thwart "the most massive
barrageof attacksby its enemiessince the establish-
ment of the state of Israel." The resolutiontermed
the King's visit to the US as one "of aggression."
 CHRONOLOGY
Husayn said on NBC's Meet the Press program
that Arab nations were willing to permit the UN
to solve their dispute with Israel, provided Israel
implementsexisting UN resolutionson Palestine.
Three Arab prisonersfled to Egyptianterritory,
the Tel Aviv police stated, after a break from an
Israelijail.
Apr. 20: It was reportedin Tel Aviv that 4 Syrian
and 2 Egyptian seamen aboard Lebanese vessels
have been seized by Israel when their vessels
allegedly entered Israeli territorial waters. The
vessels and crew members being Lebanese were
escortedbeyondIsraeli territoryand released.
Apr. 23: Israel criticized a decision by the West
German government to redraft a proposed law
intended to prevent West Germansfrom helping
the UAR develop rockets and other offensive
weapons. A ForeignMinistryspokesmanexpressed
disappointmentat the further delay in initiating
such legislation.
Apr. 30: A spokesmanfor the Syrian Foreign Min-
istry said that Syria had asked the Arab League
to convenethe ArabEconomicCouncilimmediately
to consider the agreement reached between the
EECand Israel. The Arab pressbrandedthe agree-
ment as a "defianceof the Arabnation and a clear
alignmentwith Israel." (See Israel,May 8.)
May 4: The Knesset unanimouslyurged West Ger-
many to adopt without delay the legislation on
control of West Germanscientistsworking in the
UAR. Foreign Minister Golda Meir declared in
Tel Aviv that these scientists are "producing
weapons to destroy Jews who survived the Hitler
terror,"and urged their recall from the UAR.
May 5: In a statementissued by the SyrianForeign
Ministry following talks with the envoys of West
Germany, Italy, Holland, France and Belgium,
Syria warned that the Arab states might take
measures affecting the interests of EEC countries
"to removethe damageto which the Arab countries
may be subjectedas a result of Israel's association
with the EEC."
May 8: The announcementof Israel'stest diversion
of Jordanwatershas reportedlyset off "an outburst
of confusedindignation"in the Arabpress,directed
mainly againstthe "inactionof Arabgovernments."
May 9: John H. Davis, former director general of
UNRWA, told the AmericanCouncil for Judaism
in New York that the dispute between Israel and
the Arab states was not between Arabs and Jews
"as people," but was a conflictover the "existence
of Israel as a Zionist state in the Middle East," it
was reported.
May 10: Charles H. Silver, in introducingCardinal
Spellmanat Beth Israel Hospital's75th anniversary
dinner at the Waldorf-Astoria,disclosed that the
Cardinal had played an active role in swinging
several South American delegations to get Israel
admittedinto the UN in 1949, it was reported.
May 12: In a statementissued in Beirut, the Arab
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339
Higher Committeefor Palestinesaid: "It is to be
deeply regrettedthat the announcedstart of usur-
pation of Arab waters passed in suspicious calm
and silence, without any Arab reaction to this
flagrantaggression."
Syriawelcomedthe statementby PremierKhrush-
chev in Cairo announcinghis support for Arab
demands concerning the Palestine question and
their resistanceto Israel'splan to divertthe Jordan,
it was reported.
May 13: Meir was reportedto have summonedthe
Soviet envoy in Tel Aviv to express Israel's "sur-
prise and dismay" at Khrushchev'sremarks,par-
ticularlyto his referenceto the Jordan scheme as
"imperialistprojects,"as well as to the description
of the Jordanitself as "an Arab river."
May 17: The hitherto classified documentsrelating
to US policy in the Middle East in 1943 were
published. President Roosevelt, it was disclosed,
envisagedin 1943 a trusteeshipfor Palestinewith
3 trustees-Jewish, Christian and Muslim-after
failing at efforts to arrangea conferencebetween
the president of the World Zionist Organization,
Chaim Weizmann and King ibn Sa'tid to work
out a solution. One of the reasonsgiven was that
Safid contended Weizmann had tried "to bribe
him."
May 18: A spokesmanfor the Israeli embassy in
Washington denied allegations that Weizmann
tried to bribe Satiid. He noted that Weizmannhad
broughtup the chargesof briberyand denied them
in his autobiography, Trial and Error.
May 20; In Damascus,the internationalleadershipof
the Ba'th announceda new plan for the proposed
Palestine entity which proposedthe setting up of
a provisionalpreparatorycommitteeto preparefor
and supervisethe election of a nationalPalestinian
council. The committeeshould be comprisedof the
head of the highest judicial body in each Arab
state as well as a representativefrom each state.
May 21: In Cairo, the Arab League Council passed
a resolution asking membersto press for the ad-
mittanceof Indonesiato the TokyoOlympicGames,
with a threatof boycottin the event of their claim
being rejected. Indonesiahas been suspendedfor
refusing to allow Israel and Formosato take part
in the Asian Games in Djakartain 1962.
May 25: In Washington, 13 Arab envoys called on
Secretaryof State Dean Rusk to express concern
over the visit next week of PremierLevi Eshkol.
The UAR ambassadortold the press that the diplo-
mats indicated their fear that Eshkol would seek
to "destroy Arab-Americanrelations in order to
have libertyof aggressionin the Middle East."
May 27: In New York, 13 pickets,identifyingthem-
selves as American Arabs, demonstratedat the
headquartersof several Jewish organizations to
protestwhat they called "the un-Americanattitude
of Zionist organizations,"it was reported.
May 28: The Palestine national congress met in
 340 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Jerusalem,for the first time since 1948, and the
creation of the Palestine LiberationOrganization
was announced.
June 1: In Washington, Arab press attachesissued
a statementsaying the Eshkol visit could impair
Arab-Americanrelations and charging that the
Premierwas seeking arms and a defense pact with
the US.
June 2: Acting Secretaryof State George W. Ball
summoned the Arab diplomats to "pursue with
them the statementissued yesterdayby their in-
formation officers." Reportedly, Ball complained
that the criticism was "an unwarrantedintrusion
into US affairs"and that its timing had offended
the government.
Shuqayriwas named chairmanof the executive
committeeof the PalestineLiberationOrganization,
it was reported, and the congress approved an
amendmentto the constitution of the Liberation
Organizationwhich makes the congress "a transi-
tional national assembly." Its term will expire
with the election of a new assemblyby all Pales-
tinians in 2 years.
June 6: The presidentof the PalestineNationalFund
and Shuqayriappealed to Palestinianseverywhere
to contributeto the fund-raisingcampaignto "re-
cover Palestine from imperialism and Zionism,"
it was reported.
June 10: The Arab Higher Committeefor Palestine
stated in Beirut that it did not recognize the
Palestine national congressbecause it did not "in
any way representthe Arab people of Palestineand
their objectives."
UNRWA announced a donation of $100,000
from the Swedishgovernmentfor a trainingproject
in the Gaza Strip and a decision to double its
regularcontributionof $58,000 this year. It further
announceda Pakistanidonation of $21,000.
Persian Gulf
1964
Mar. 20: It was learned that Union Oil of California
and Southern Natural Gas have been granted a
concession covering 1.15 million acres both onshore
and offshore in Ras al-Khaimah. Union Oil has an
80 per cent share and SNG the other 20 per cent.
W1ar.21: The Murban oilfield, which began exports
last December, was officially inaugurated by the
Ruler of Abu Dhabi, Shaykh Shakhbat ibn Sultan.
Apr. 9: It was reported in Kenya that 400 Arab
refugees from Zanzibar were on their way to
Muscat and Oman.
Apr. 17: The Qatar Petroleum Company's (QPC)
crude oil production in March amounted to 743,-
000 long tons compared to 625,000 long tons in
February, it was disclosed. Total production for
the first quarter of 1964 was 2,146,000 long tons
as compared with 2,115,872 long tons during the
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first quarterof 963. Abu Dhabi MarineAreas Ltd.
produced219,740 tons of crudein Marchcompared
with 200,039 tons in February.First quartertotals
were 651,143 tons comparedwith 352,623 in 1963.
Productionfrom the Abu Dhabi PetroleumCom-
pany's Murbanoilfield was 877,000 long tons for
the first quarter.
May 6: The BritishForeignOfficesaid that the Ruler
of Bahraynwould visit Britainfrom July 14-18.
May 22: A conferenceof Omanirebel leadersheaded
by ImamGhalibibn 'All endedin Dammam(Saudi
Arabia) with the adoption of resolutions "to in-
tensify the revolutionarystruggle"in Oman, it was
reported.
June 4: It was learnedthat Britainwill give ?5,000
to victimsof recentfiresin Muscatreportedto have
made 3,000 people homeless. No otherdetailswere
given.
June 8: In a press interview,the Chief Advisor to
the governmentof Qatar, Hasan Kamil, spoke of
some of the developmentplans currentlyundercon-
sideration by the government,among which are:
the creation of a state reserve of ?100 million to
be investedabroadin stocks and bonds; the estab-
lishment of gas-basedpetrochemicalindustries;the
constructionof a fish processing plant; the con-
structionof a cementfactory;and the development
of agricultureboth for local requirementsand for
exports.
June 12: A trademissionfrom Abu Dhabi, consisting
of 6 leading merchants,were reportedplanning a
visit to Britain at the invitationof the government.
The missionwill be sponsoredby the banksand oil
companies in Abu Dhabi, with the prospect of
increasingBritish trade.
SaudiArabia
(See also, General,Syria,Yemen)
1964
Mar. 17: Minister of Commerceand Industry'Abid
Shaykhleft for Genevaat the head of a delegation
to the UN Trade and DevelopmentConference.
A Frencheconomicdelegationarrivedin Riyadh
to conduct talks with the government on the
strengtheningof commercialties between the 2
countriesand privateenterprises.
Mar. 20: Bahrayn's Finance Director, Shaykh
Khalifah ibn Sulayman Al Khalifah, arrived in
Riyadhfor talks with Saudi officialson the future
of the Abu Sa'fah offshore oil field, it was re-
ported.
Mar. 22: It was reported in Beirut that a council
of Saudi Arabian'ulamY met at Riyadhto consider
a demandby King Safid that his powersas supreme
sovereignbe restored.He had handedthe powersto
Crown Prince Faysal last January.
Mar. 24: Deputy Minister of InformationHamzah
 CHRONOLOGY 341

Buqari approvedthe formationof al-JazirahPress Apr. 15: The Minister of Defense and Aviation,
Establishment,which subsequentlyannouncedplans
to publish a daily and a weekly newspaper.
Mar. 28: King Sa'fid submitted to decisions of a
council of the royal family and of religious leaders
reducinghim permanentlyto the role of figurehead.
The decisions taken were reported as follows:
"Withdrawl of the Royal Guard from Sa'iid's Apr. 16: The Britishpressreportedthat SaudiArabia
personal commandand its transferto the Defense
Ministry;transferof Sa'iud'spersonalguard to the
Interior Ministry; abolition of the royal court
which would be replacedby a special royal office;
and reduction of royal expenses to a reasonable
amount,the funds saved to be added to a develop-
ment budget. The King's incomewould be reduced
from about $40 million a year to $20 million."
Mar. 29: The Cabinet ratified the economic agree- Apr. 17: In an addressto the heads of foreign pil-
ment between Saudi Arabia and Syria. It was
signed by representativesof both governmentson
March 15 and it replacesthe tradeagreementwhich
expired 6 months earlier.
Mar. 30: Radio Mecca broadcastthe text of Royal
Decree No. 52 signed by Fay?al,approvingCabinet
Decision No. 753. (See Documentfor text.)
Mar. 31: Radio Mecca broadcastthe texts of the
fatwci and royal family decision on the transferof
state powers from Saiid to Faysal. (See Document
for text.)
Faysal issued 3 decrees: No. 53 appointing
'Abdallah ibn 'Adwan, Ahmad al-Juffali and
Muhammadal-'Awadito the Boardof Directorsof
the Saudi Arabian MonetaryAgency; No. 54 ap-
pointing former ambassadorin Washington 'Ab-
dallah al-KhayyalDirector of the Public Works
Department;and No. 55 ratifying the economic
agreementconcludedwith Syria.
Apr. 1: Seven sons of Sa'lid called on Faysal and
begged his forgivenessfor havingresistedthe trans-
fer to him of their father's powers. The Amir
gave his pardon and withdrew an order expelling
them from the country.
The Cabinetapprovedthe agreementwith Kuwayt
providingfor the partitioningof the Saudi Arabia-
KuwaytNeutral Zone and its territorialwaters for
administrativepurposeswhile maintainingexisting
arrangementsfor the equal sharing of its natural
resources. (See Kuwayt.)
Apr. 7: The GeneralPetroleumand MineralOrgani-
zation (Petromin) signed an agreementwith the
French companies Forex and Forenco-Languedo- May 7: 'UmarSaqqaf,the PermanentUnder Secretary
cienne establishingthe ArabianDrilling Company.
The new firm,to be owned 51 per cent by Petromin
and based in Riyadh,will drill oil and water wells
under contract.
Apr. 8: Heavy rains fell in western Saudi Arabia,
it was reported,causing floods in Najran, Jaizan,
Tayif and other towns.
Apr. 12: The Cabinetpassed a special appropriation
of SR100 million from the general reserves, for
strengtheningthe armedforces.
Amir Sultan ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, denied a statement
attributedto him by the CairoweeklyRose al-Yfisif
of April 13 to the effect that Saudi Arabia will
not participatein the proposedArab Union Bank
becausethe Kingdom'sfinancesare "shaky,"it was
reported.
is planning to build a modernair defense complex
to include high and low altitude radar, rocket-
equipped supersonic aircraft and ground to air
missiles. The governmentwas said to be negotiating
equipment purchases with American and West
Europeanfirms. The British papers attributedthe
decision to the recent raids on Saudi territoryby
Egyptianaircraftbased in Yemen.
grim delegations in Mecca, Faysal deplored the
decline in Muslim piety, it was reported, and
recommendedthat representativesof the Muslim
countries meet in Mecca to consider ways to re-
verse this trend. He refuted the idea that Islam
inhibits progress.
Apr. 26: In the course of a speech to a public rally
in Ta'izz, President Nasir denied that the UAR
harborsany "evil intentions"towardthe people of
Saudi Arabia. He called for a new era of brother-
hood and understandingbetweenSaudi Arabiaand
the UAR, in order to preclude the possibility of
Britain"sowingdissensionwithin the Arabnation,"
it was reported.
Official statistics showed that 266,555 foreign
Muslims from 91 countries and an estimated
800,000 persons from within the Kingdom made
the pilgrimagethis year.
Apr. 29: The Cabinetapprovedthe appropriationof
SR1,100,000 to complete the modernization of
Riyadh Airport.
The Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Re-
sources, Ahmad Zak! al-Yamini, announced that
the contract for the first phase of the iron and
steel rolling mill projectwould be awardedto the
British firm W.H.A. Robertson and Co., Ltd.
Initially the plant will produce reinforcing bars
and sections, with productionto start in 2 years
at a rate of 45,000 tons per year rising to 60,000
tons. Other phases of the project envisage the
additionof a 200-tonper day steel and sheet metal
mill.
in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, began a tour
on behalf of Faysal in the latter's capacity as
Foreign Minister, of the US, Japan, the Philip-
pines, Malaysia, Austria and West Germany,to
explain the Arab'sposition on Palestinein accord-
ance with the Arab summit resolutions.
May 13: 'IzzatHusni al-'Ali was appointedDirector
Generalof the new AgriculturalBank.
Repair crews, who started work on the Hijaz
Railway after the 'Id al-Adha holidays, completed

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342 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
removal of 40 kilometersof old rails and ties be-
tween Medinaand Hafirah,it was reported.
May 16: A trade mission led by the Minister
of Commerce and Industry, 'Abid Shaykh, left
London for Paris after a 10-day visit to Britain
to promote Anglo-Saudi economic relations.
Aramco'sannual review of operationsfor 1963,
published this week, indicated that crude produc-
tion totaled 594,591,671 barrels, exceeding the
1962 total by 39,535,283 barrels. Average daily
productionwas 1,629,018, an increaseof 7.1 per
cent over 1962. As a result of the company'sex-
ploration, development and research programs,
gross total liquid hydrocarbonreserves increased
by 1,522 million during the year; estimated re-
maining proved reserves at year-endwere 57,811
million barrelsand remainingproved gas reserves
increasedby 556 billion standardcubic feet, bring-
ing the year-endtotal to 24,096 billion standard
cubic feet. Refining and exports reached record
levels: Ras Tanura processed 97,441,801 barrels;
total exports rose to 583 million barrels. Aramco
relinquished277,306 squaremiles of its concession
to the governmenton March 24, 1963, and pro-
gressive relinquishmentsby 1993 will reduce the
company'sexclusive area to 20,000 square miles,
less than 3 per cent of its original exclusive and
preferentialareas.
May 21: Petromin's Board of Directors approved
the proposalto form a nationaltankercompanyto
transportcrude oil and productsfrom Ras Tanura
to Jiddah.
May 23: Monetary Agency governor Anwar 'All
told Faysal that Saudi currencyin circulationhas
reached SR1 billion, or double the amount of 5
years ago. He attributedthe increase to higher
government spending on economic development
and to morecommercialactivity.
May 24: The Saudi Projectsand ProductsEngineer-
ing Co. and the Swedishfirm L. M. Ericssonswere
awardeda contractto constructan automatictele-
phonenetworkin the Kingdom.
June 12: It was reportedthat the Cabinet has ap-
proved the allocation of SR10 million from the
Economic Development Fund to cover the cost
of additional seismic survey work in central and
western Arabia. Press reports indicated that the
"encouraging preliminary results" of the work
undertaken by the Robert H. Ray group have
promptedthe expansionof the scope of the surveys.
Somalia
(See also, Ethiopia)
Mar. 19: The South Arabiangovernmentannnounced
1964
Mar. 16: It was reportedin Mogadishuthat Somalia
has signed agreements with the USSR foreign Mar. 24: Britainprotestedto the UN againstalleged
trade agencyfor the training of Somali technicians Yemeni air attacks on the SAF. Yemen made
to work in meat and fish processingplants and a
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dairy which will be built with Soviet loans in
Somalia.
Mar. 18: The Foreign Ministry announcedSomalia
will meet with Ethiopia in Khartum to try to
resolvetheirborderdispute.
Mar. 26: Fighting resumed at the border post of
Daba Gorial, it was reported. A Somali Informa-
tion Ministry spokesmanalleged Ethiopianforces
had attackedthe post. The Ethiopiangovernment
charged that Somali troops had launched the at-
tack, killing several members of the Ethiopian
securityforces.
Mar. 30: Parliamentaryelections were held in
Somalia.
Apr. 1: The government announced that it had
orderedits forces along the borderwith Ethiopia
to cease fire from midnight under agreements
reachedin Khartum.
Apr. 3: The governing Somali Youth League won
the elections, the first since independence. Sixty-
nine of 123 seats went to this party; the Somali
National Congress, leading the opposition, won
22 seats and the Somali Democratic Union 15.
The rest of the seats were divided among 9 other
parties.
Apr. 25: Kenyan security forces were reported to
have killed 30 Somalis in 2 clashes on successive
days near Wajir in Kenya'snortheastregion.
June 14: Somalia's new Cabinet was sworn in. It
consisted of the following, with the Health
Minister'spost still vacant:
'Abdal-RazzaqI:Ijj1 Husayn: Premier
AhmadYusuf Duale: ForeignAffairs
'Abd al-QadirMuhammad'Adan: Interior
'Ali 'UmarScegoGrace: Justice
Muhammad'Isa Giama: Agriculture
'UthmanMuhammadAdde: Industryand Com-
merce
Shaykh 'Abdallah Muhammad: Public Works
and Communications
'AdanIshaqAhmad: Defense
Yuisuf'AdanMuhammad:Information
KennedithAhmadYuisuf: Education
'Awwil Hajji 'Abdallah:Finance
Shaykh MuhammadFarah Malingur: Somali
Affairs
South ArabianFederation
(See also, Sudan,UAR, Yemen)
1964
it has invoked its defense treatywith Britain and
has askedfor protectionagainstreportedair attacks
from Yemenon Beihan.
a similarchargeagainstBritain.
 CHRONOLOGY
Mar. 26: It was announcedthat the Aden Supreme
Courtwill try Khallfah 'AbdallahIHassuin Khalifah,
accused of murdering 2 persons at a grenade
bombing in Aden Airport last December, on
April 6.
Mar. 30: A memberof Yemen's delegation to the
UN asked for a SecurityCouncil meeting tomor-
row on a British air attack yesterdayon Yemeni
territory. The UK has informedthe Council that
the Britishplanesattackeda militaryfort in Yemen
to defend the SAF from Yemeni attacks, it was
reported.
Apr. 1: The governmenttook over from the British
War Office financial control and maintenanceof
the FederalRegularArmy.
Apr. 2: At a SecurityCouncil meeting Yemen, sup-
ported by Iraq, the UAR and the Soviet Union,
complainedof the British attack. Britain denied
aggression and declared the move a "defensive
response"to provocations.
Apr. 5: A group of politicians in Aden reportedly
sent a cable to the SecurityCouncil describingthe
Britishair attackon a Yemenifort as "uncivilized."
Apr. 6: Chargesagainst Khalifah were withdrawn,
it was reported.
Apr. 8: In responseto allegationsof civilian casual-
ties during the attack,Britain producedbefore the
Security Council aerial photographsshowing the
fort at Harib having no visible signs of habitation,
and claimed the casualtieswere military. The Se-
curity Council by a vote of 9 to 0 deplored the
Harib raid. Britain and the US abstained.
Apr. 10: Reported anti-Britishguerrilla activity in
the Radfan area has been consideredby British
officials in Aden to be "a more serious threat"
than the aerial incursions in the Beihan area,
British news sources in Aden disclosed.
Apr. 11: Britain protested to the Security Council
about alleged violation of the SAF air space by
an aircraft coming from the direction of Yemen.
Apr. 15: Yemen denied violating SAF air space and
it was announcedthat SecretaryGeneral U Thant
had begun informal contacts with Yemen and
Britain with the object of easing border tension.
Apr. 25: One British officerwas killed and 2 others
as well as 2 Arab soldiers were wounded by a
land-mineexplosionabout 70 miles north of Aden,
it was reported.
In a speech in San't', UAR President Jamal
'Abd al-Nasir urged Yemeni religious leaders to
"get rid of British colonialismand liberate Aden
and the occupied South," it was reported.
Apr. 27: The British ForeignSecretary,R. A. Butler,
conferredwith US Secretaryof State Dean Rusk,
it was reported,in an effort to get US support to
"thwartthe aim" of Nasir to oust Britainfrom the
ArabianPeninsula.
May 1: It was reportedin Washingtonthat the US
has "rebuffed"a British suggestion that Wash-
ington threaten to cut back economic aid to the
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343
UAR unless the threatto drive the British out of
Aden was withdrawn.
About 100 tribesmenwere killed in 2 clashes
with British troops in Radfin, it was reported.
Two Britons were missing and presumeddead.
May 2: Britain began flying militaryreinforcements
to Aden in responseto an appeal from the Federal
government.
May 3: Three hundred British troops arrived in
Aden. Britain asked for enlightenmentfrom the
US embassyin Yemen on a report that 2 Britons
in Aden were beheadedand their heads exhibited
in Yemen.
May 5: Two British paratrooperswere killed and
10 wounded in a clash with tribesmen60 miles
north of Aden. At least 6 tribesmenwere found
dead and one was taken prisoner.
The People's Socialist Party of Aden cabled
U Thant asking him to interveneimmediatelyin
what they describedas "the war in Dhala, Radfan
and elsewherein the Aden Protectorate."
May 6: The British commanderof land forces in the
Middle East, Lt. Gen. Sir Charles Harington,
disclosed that British troops had achieved their
immediateaim againstthe tribesmenin Radfan.
At the UN, Britainsaid she would welcome the
demilitarizationof the borderarea betweenYemen
and the SAF.
May 7: British Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-
Home told the House of Commonsthat Britain
would not abandon treaty obligations to defend
her friendsin the MiddleEast.
The UN Special Committee on Colonialism
opened considerationof "the question of Aden"
on Iraqi representation,it was reported.
May 8: In a draft resolution 9 countriesasked the
UN to call attention to "the dangeroussituation
prevailingin the [Aden] areaas a result of recent
British military actions against the people of the
territory."
May 9: A British bomberdroppedleaflets warning
dissident tribesmen in the Radfan mountains.
Meanwhile,it was disclosedthat one such bomber
dropped 14 bombs in a raid on tribesmen last
weekend.
May 11: The draft resolution was adopted by the
Special Committeeon Colonialism.
The British Prime Minister disclosed he had
personallyauthorizedthe bombingattackson tribes-
men in Radfan,it was reportedin London.
May 12: Labor Party leader Harold Wilson said in
London that Aden "mustbe held as an important
base."
British Colonial SecretaryDuncan Sandys flew
by helicopter to British military positions in the
Radfan mountains. He reaffirmedBritish policy
over the Harib raid saying that "whateverforce
is neededto quell this troublewe will use it. We
will not allow trouble to go unchecked."
May 13: Sandys called a constitutionalconference
344 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
on Aden and the SAF to be held in London in
June. Among the items to be considered,it was
speculated,was to agree on a time limit for in-
dependenceof Aden andthe SAF.
May 14: Douglas-Home suggested that continued
infiltrationinto the SAF by Yemeni republicans
might lead Britain to abandonher policy of non-
interventionin the struggle between Yemeni re-
publicansand royalists.
May 20: The Minister for Internal Security,Sultan
Salih ibn Husayn al-'Awdhall,said that the chief
of the Ibdali tribe, Shaykh Mahmud ibn 'Umar
Sayf, wrote the government10 days ago expressing
loyalty and a desire to "negotiate."
May 21: British jet bombersfired on rebel hideouts
in the Radfan mountains. Tribesmen reportedly
fled leaving cattle and other belongings. Seven of
themwere captured.
May 24: About 1,000 refugeesfrom the Radfin area,
mostly women and children,were reportedto have
left the area to seek "peaceand succor"from the
government.
May 26: A UN subcommitteedecidedto ask Britain
to postpone the constitutionalconference (sched-
uled for June 9) or invite opposition leaders, it
was reported.
May 31: RAF jets continued strikes at Radfin
tribesmen for the fourth successive day, it was
reported. Two British soldiers had been wounded
during the operation,it was disclosed.
June 3: A bomb exploded in the Cabinetchamber
in the al-Ittihad.No one was injured.
June 9: In London, the constitutional conference
started. Sandys assured the conferenceof British
defenseof the Federation.
June 11: British and Arab forces captured Jebel
Huria, believed to be the most vital rebel fort.
The British command reported all was quiet in
the Radfanarea following the captureof the fort.
June 13: It was reportedthat conflictover proposals
for creating and safeguardingdemocraticsystems
in the protectoratestates has arisen in the consti-
tutionalconference.
Sudan
(See also, General)
1964
Mar. 17: InteriorMinisterMuhammadAhmad 'Irwa
said that the governmentwould "reconsiderthe
position"of missionariesstill in the countryunless
missionarieswho had been expelled stopped mak-
ing "false allegations" about the government
abroad.
Mar. 18: Following adverse reports from the mili-
tary governor of the Blue Nile province, 'Irwn
ordered the expulsion of 4 Americanmissionaries
fromthat region.
Mar. 27: It was learnedthat the US Departmentof
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Agriculturehas concludeda Food for Peace agree-
ment with Sudan to help meet that country'scon-
sumption of wheat and flour for 1964 and 1965.
It provides for the sale of $13,240,000 worth of
wheat and flour, bringing the total value of Food
for Peaceagreementsto $23.8 million.
Apr. 1: President IbrThim 'Abbuidtold Uganda's
Prime Minister that "no Sudanesetroops are fac-
ing Congolese troops, nor has there been any
conflict between the two." In reply to Obote's
message, he said he saw no need for the defense
ministersof the Congo, Sudanand Ugandato meet
in Kampalato discuss reportsof "a deteriorating
situation and tension between Sudan and Congo
(Leopoldville) on the borders."
Apr. 12: On his return from a 10-day inspection
tour of SouthernSudan, 'Irwa said that Sudanese
priests had taken over churches and religious
schools and "had filled the gap" left by the ex-
pulsion of foreign missionaries.
Apr. 29: It was announcedthat 'Abbiidwould visit
IndiafromMay 20-25.
May 5: The government of Uganda said 7,000
Sudaneserefugeeshad enteredUgandafrom South-
ern Sudanin the last 10 days.
May 8: In a reportto Parliament,the FinanceMin-
ister said that the country's financial difficulties
would not lead to a default on repaymentsof
principaland interestdue on outstandingloans or
adversely affect Sudan's ability to raise further
loans. Total loans drawnup to the end of March
1963 amountedto ?S37 million and annualrepay-
ments as from 1964 would amountto ?S5 million,
representingabout 6 per cent of the value of
Sudan'sannualexports.
May 13: 'Abbudarrivedin Karachion a 3-dayvisit
to Pakistan. He will proceed to China, then to
India,Britainandthe UAR.
May 18: China and Sudan in a joint communique
expressed support for the people of Aden and
"South Yemen," condemned"imperialistcollusion
with Israelagainstthe Arabworld"and said identi-
cal views had been reachedin talks on international
problems and ways of improving Sino-Sudanese
relations,it was reported.
May 22: It was learned that foreign exchange re-
serves fell from ?S61.2 million in 1962 to ?S51.5
million in 1963 and net foreign assetsfrom ?S59.2
to ?S46.27, respectively.Governmentdepositswith
the Bankof Sudanfell from ?S36.1 million in June
1961 to ?S9.1 million in November 1963. The
volume of creditwas up from ?S41 million in Sep-
tember 1962 to ?S50.2 million in September1963,
but most of this was for import and export
financing. Long and medium-termloans for in-
vestment fell from ?S6.6 million in September
1962 to ?S6.4 million in September1963. The
cost of living (1958 = 100) rose from 106 at the
end of 1961 to 119 by the end of 1963.
May 24: A joint Indian-Sudanesecommuniquere-
 CHRONOLOGY
ferred to an Indian offer of cooperationin starting
new industriesin Sudan,the possibility of India's
purchasingadditionalquantitiesof Sudanesecotton
and an offered credit of 50 million rupees for the
purchase of Indian goods, it was reported.
June 1: In a speech in London 'Abbuidwas reported
to say that his country"stronglyupheldfreedomof
worship."
June 12: It was announced that some 120,000
feddans will be set aside for wheat cultivationin
the Gezira in the 1966/67 season comparedwith
50,000 feddans in the 1965/66 season. Cost of
the extra machinery required was estimated at
?S3 million. Many Gezira tenants were reported
to be facing financialdifficultiesas a result of low
cotton yields in the past few years and plans have
been instigatedto study the possibility of diversi-
fying the crops. Meanwhile, the governmenthas
started negotiations with representatives of
Hungary,Rumania,Czechoslovakiaand Poland in
an effortto increasecottonsales.
Syria
(See also, General,PalestineProblem,
SaudiArabia,UAR)
1964
Mar. 21: The GeneralPetroleumAuthority (GPA)
asked the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) for
equipment to control the heavy flow of gas and
oil from a new well at the Rumaylanfield in
Jazirah governorate. It was estimated that gas
flowed at an averagerate of a million cubic meters
a day and the accompanyingoil at the rate of 30
cubic meters, with a density of 78.5 per cent.
Mar. 23: Foreign Minister Hasan Muraywid met
the FrenchAmbassador,Pierre Sebilleau,who re-
portedlyinformedhim of the Frenchgovernment's
"definite desire to establish the closest relations
with Syria."
Mar. 24: Following the UAR's disclosureof a draft
Constitution,it was announcedin Damascusthat
the Syrian RevolutionaryCouncil had formed a
committeeto draft a "revolutionaryconstitution."
Mar. 25: The possibility of a cultural agreement
with Red China was discussed with the Chinese
Ambassador,it was reported.
Mar. 29: Customs officials confiscated1,110 kilo-
grams of hashish reportedlybeing smuggled into
Jordan. The leader of the gang was killed, but
other membersescapedleaving 90 tins of hashish
and 4 rifles.
Mar. 30: PresidentAmin al-Hafiz issued a decree
dissolving the councils of the Teachers'Union in
Damascusand the provinces,because membersof
the councils allegedlywere "groupingpartisansfor
instigating insurrection and interfering in the
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345
affairsof the Ministryof Education,bringingpres-
sure to bear on it and impedingits work."
Mar. 31: Saudi Arabia informed the Foreign Min-
istry of her ratificationof the economic trade
agreement recently signed by the 2 countries
(March13, 1964).
Apr. 1: Changes, involving 12 ambassadorsand
ministers plenipotentiaryand 17 diplomats, were
announced by the Foreign Ministry. The trans-
fers and promotionswere reportedly"dictatedby
the revolutionarycircumstancesand the need for
coordinationof political work." No details were
given.
Apr. 5: Al-Thawrahreportedthat a change in the
systemof governmentwould involve the establish-
ment of a 5-mancouncilas the highest authorityin
the country.
Apr. 6: Securityforces arresteda gang of 17 who
reportedlyattackedsecurity posts in Aleppo and
seizedarmssome 20 daysago.
Apr. 12: The developmentbudgetfor 1964 amount-
ing to ?S561,800,000 was approved by a decree
issuedin Damascus.
Apr. 14: The RevolutionaryCouncil approved a
decree proclaiming the implementation of the
principle of "self-management"of private enter-
prises, meaning the collective ownership of an
enterprisewith the workerstaking the place of the
employersand electing a workers'council.
Apr. 15: The government suppresseda revolt in
Hama, arresting 19 men described as "feudalists
and reactionaries."Their propertieswere confis-
cated. A curfew was imposed.
Apr. 18: The GeneralFederationof Labordemanded
that all businesses should be handed over to the
workersif their owners persistedin their proposal
to cease operationsafter a 24-hour warning. It
also called for the nationalizationof all companies
which had "a connectionwith the reactionaryplot
in Hama."
Apr. 19: The bazaarsof Damascus went on strike
to protest against "socialism" in Syria, it was
reported, and in support of the revolt in Hama.
It was believed membersof the Muslim Brother-
hood had "put pressure"on bazaarkeepersto take
such action.
Hafiz was reported to have accused "certain
foreign powers" of plotting to overthrow the
governmentand "hinted that the UAR might be
a party to the plot." He warned that the author-
ities will use "most ruthless methods"to restore
peaceand securityin Hama.
Apr. 20: "Enemies"of the Ba'th in Syria were
reported in Beirut to have maintained that the
recent revolt there was out of control despite the
government'sassertionsto the contrary.
Damascusradio announcedthat a militarycourt
in Hama had sentenced'Abd al-KarimMuhammad
Khayat,leader of the revolt, to hang.
Apr. 21: Hafiz threatenedstriking shopkeepershe
346 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
would nationalizeall retail business. In Homs he
charged that the recent disturbancesagainst the
regime, particularlyriots in the city of Homs,
were "a plot concocted abroad, and paid for by
'Abd al-Salam 'Arif, President of Iraq, and the
UAR Embassy,"it was reported.
Apr. 25: A constitutionproclaimingSyriaa socialist
people's democraticrepublic, with distinct legis-
lative and executive powers, was declared. The
RevolutionaryCouncil will act as a legislative
authority and executive power goes to a 5-man
presidential council, assisted by a council of
ministers.
In a press conferenceHafiz disclosed that 20
security men and 50 civilians were killed or
wounded in Hama during the early part of this
month.
Apr. 28: The RevolutionaryCouncil abrogated a
treaty of military union with Iraq, saying that
Iraq had failed to appoint a new commanderfor
the unifiedforces.
A delegation of merchantspresented their de-
mandsto the Deputy Premier,Muhammad'Umran,
namely, the dissolution of the National Guard,
keeping politics out of the army,the returnof old
politicians in exile, and free democraticelections.
The demandswere turneddown.
Apr. 30: Merchantsopened their shops under threat
of loss of their stocks.
In Aleppo, 9 persons were sentencedto death,
and 11 others, including 5 retired sergeants,were
given terms ranging between 2 years and life for
their part in raiding a police station in Aleppo
last March.
May 2: A court-martialin Homs sentenced21 per-
sons to death for their part in the incidents in
Hama. Five others were sentenced to life im-
prisonmentwith hard labor, 8 to 15 years im-
prisonment,2 to 10 years, one to 7 years and 3
to 6 years.
May 5: An officialstatementwas issued announcing
Hafiz had decided to commutethe Aleppo death
sentences in response to an appeal from delega-
tions from Zabadani,Tartusand Aleppo, including
some of the relativesof the sentencedmen. It was
also learned that the death sentences of 21 men
involved in Hama have been reprieved.
May 7: George Tuima,Ministerof Economy,in wel-
coming an industrial delegation from China, ex-
pressed regret that China was not yet represented
at the UN.
May 13: The 5-manexecutivecouncilwas announced.
Headed by Hafiz, it includesPrime Minister$alah
al-Din al-Bit.r, 'Umran, Nfur al-Din al-Atasi and
Mansuiral-Atrash. At the same time the new
Cabinetwas named:
Bitar: Prime Minister
GhassanHaddad: Planning
Mustafi Shamrni: Finance
'Abd al-KhaliqNaqshabandi: Pres & Unity Aff.
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'Adil Taraba'in:Agriculture
'Abdallah'Abdal-Dayim: Information
MustafIIHaddad: Education
Nfir al-Din Rifat': Public Worksand Transport
Mazhar'Anbari: Justiceand Health
HasanMuraywid:ForeignAffairs
Thabit al-'Aris: Minister of State
'Abd al-RahmanKawakibi: Waqfs
'Adil al-Sa'di: Industryand Supplies
Kamal al-Husni: Economy
SalalhWazzan: AgrarianReform
'Asa'd Muhaffal: Culture and National Guid-
ance
Fahmi al-Ashuri: Interior
Sulayman al-'All: Social Affairs, Labor and
Municipal Affairs
MamduhJabir: Defense
May 17: Biar told a businessmen'sdelegation in
Damascusthat his governmentwould not introduce
any legislation or regulations governing industry
and workerswithout prior consultationwith those
concerned.
May 18: Thirty-onecivilians arrestedin the last 4
months and held at Maza Prison on charges in-
volving internal security were released, it was
officiallyannounced.
May 25: In a statement of policy, BiAr said his
governmentwould act to create an atmosphereof
goodwill and accord with the Arab states. He
added that the state "no longer finds the need to
nationalizeany industry. If the national or social
interest should dictate that later, then nationaliza-
tion would take place in accordancewith an im-
mediate and just compensation."
It was reportedthat Hafiz announcedthe nation-
alization of the SyrianCompanyfor Spinningand
Weaving and the National Companyfor Spinning
and Weaving, both in Aleppo.
May 27: In a broadcastover Damascus radio an
official spokesmanwas reportedto have described
the UAR-Iraq union agreement as "a negative
plan delayingthe realizationof unity and bringing
back to memory the traditional camps and axis
policy." Al-Thawraband al-Ba'thcarriedheadlines
critical of the agreement.
June 1: The Minister of Interior told reportersin
Damascusthat during the last 48 hours "a large
section"of those arrestedin connectionwith events
in Syria during the past 8 months had been re-
leased. He did not specify the number.
June 4: Explosives,reportedlysufficientto blow up
a whole town, were confiscatedin Homs. The head
of the political bureau in Homs disclosed that a
principal member of the "subversivegang" had
been arrested.
June 9: It was reportedthat the PresidentialCouncil
is consideringthe reorganizationof state machinery
on the basis of the provisionsof the interimconsti-
tution. Decentralizationwould be applied in the
 CHRONOLOGY
governoratesto enable governoratecouncils to at- accountsof Frenchagriculturalsocietiesin Tunisia.
tend to certain matters without consulting the
central administration.
June 13: It was announcedthat a contracthad been
signed by the Ministry of Industry's petroleum
authorityand the Soviet Machine-Exportorganiza- June 10: Francereimposeda 5 per cent importduty
tion for the purchase and installation of 43 oil on Tunisian wines.
storage tanks in Damascus, Latakia, Homs and
Aleppo.
Tunisia
(See also, Lebanon,Morocco)
1964
Apr. 2: A joint communiquewas issued at the end of
the visit of Guinea'sPresident,S&kouToure, which
indicatedthat he and PresidentIlabib Bourguiba
(Bii-Raqibah)agreedon the internationalproblems
they discussed. Accords on technical and cultural
cooperationwere signed during Toure's visit.
Apr. 19: Foreign Minister Munaji Salim conferred
in Paris with the French Foreign Minister, M.
Couve de Murville,it was reported.
May 4: It was learned in Washington that the US
will ship cotton and poultry to Tunisia under a
recently signed agreement.
May 12: Bourguibapromulgateda law nationalizing
all farm land owned by foreignersin Tunisia.
May 13: The French governmentdecided to cancel
budgetaryaid to Tunisia, it was reported.
May 20: The national assemblyauthorizeda "popu-
lar loan" to replace French financial aid to the
country. All Tunisians earning more than about
?154 sterling a year will have to subscribeto the
loan. In proportionto income, the range of sub-
scriptionsis 5 dinars (about ?4 sterling) for the
lowest group of wage-earners and 100 dinars
(about ?85) for the group with the biggest in-
comes. There is an interest of 5 per cent and the
loan is repayablein equal portionsin 15 years.
May 22: Yao Njen, the first Communist Chinese
Ambassadorto Tunisia, arrivedin Tunis.
May 28: The National Assemblypassed a law put-
ting all the communally owned tribal lands of
Tunisia (about 4.5 million acres) under state
control.
May 29: It was announcedBourguibahas accepted
an official invitationto visit Red China.
June 2: Britain, through the Tunisian ambassador
in London,asked the governmentfor compensation
for British nationals whose propertywas nation-
alized.
June 5: The World Bank made a loan equivalentof
$7 millicn for the constructionof a modern port
for Tunis, it was reported.
June 9: The governmentdecidedto unfreezethe bank
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347
According the Finance and Planning Minister
Ahmad bin Sili'h, the measurewas taken to make
it possible for these societies to use their funds
freely.
Turkey
(See also, General,Cyprus)
1964
Mar. 19: Accordingto a RepublicanPeople's party
press statement,Premier Ismet Inbnii threated to
resign unless Parliamentpassed his fiscal reform
laws by the end of this month.
Mar. 27: It was announcedthat Turkey and the
USSR have signed a tradeagreementfor 1965 pro-
viding for exchanges of goods up to a value of
about $30 million. Turkey will export tobacco,
cotton, hides and cattle to the USSR and will im-
port industrialraw materials.
Apr. 18: Martiallaw authoritiesin Istanbulordered
the newspaperHergun to close for 10 days for
publishing"baseless"stories, it was reported. The
Parliament extended martial law in force in
Istanbuland Ankarafor 2 months.
Apr. 20: The third secretaryin the Rumanianem-
bassy, Radu Radu, was ordered to leave the
countrywithin 24 hours for "undergroundactivi-
ties," the AnatolianNews Agency announced.
May 8: It was disclosed that exports of Turkish
tobaccohave decreasedover last year's,and, in fact,
are the lowest for the last 4 years.
May 14: The Court of Appeals upheld the 1959
convictionof US Army Cpl. Dale McCuistionfor
black marketoperationsand raised the prospecthe
may have to serve 3 years in jail.
May 15: The Senate approved a bill extending
Turkey'sterritorialwaters from 6 to 12 miles.
May 22: It was reportedthat the income tax reform
bill, which was introduced in the National As-
sembly in March to ensure that state revenues
would reach their budgetedfigure,has been passed
by the Senate and returnedto the National As-
semblyfor final approval. The bill providesfor an
annual increasein revenue of $22 million.
June 5: At the end of a 2-day general assemblyin
Istanbulthe InternationalPress Instituteannounced
than an immediate investigationwould be made
into alleged restrictionson freedomof the press in
Turkey.
June 6: Ragib Gumuspala,the leader of the Justice
party,died in Istanbulof a heartattack.
June 14: An earthquake shook the province of
Malatya. About 20 personswere reportedinjured.
348 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

UnitedArabRepublic ministrationand Services and supervisor of

(See also, General,Iraq, Kuwayt,Lebanon,Palestine
Problem,SaudiArabia,Syria,Yemen)
1964
Mar. 19: Al-Ahram reported that President Jamal
'Abd al-Nasirplans to releaseall politicalprisoners,
who have not been tried, including Communists,
soon. This actionwill be part of a generalgovern-
ment reorganizationcoincidingwith the convening
of the new parliamentnext week.
Mar. 20: Al-Ahram disclosed that all those whose
properties had been sequestratedor nationalized
would be compensatedwith state bonds, provided
they were still residentsin the UAR, under a law
to be issued immediately.
Mar. 23: The draft of a Constitutionwas issued
calling for a presidentialplebiscite one year from
now. The incumbentwill have to be nominated
by the National Assemblywhich will be established
the day after tomorrow.
Mar. 24: Field Marshal 'Abd al-Hakim 'Amir was
named to the new post of First Vice President.
Nasir issued a degree nationalizingpropertiesof
the Shell InternationalPetroleumCompanyand the
former Anglo-EgyptianOilfields Company, now
called Al-Nasr Oilfields Company.
Mar. 25: A new governmentwas sworn in as the
draft Constitutionwent into effect. The National
Assemblywill begin deliberationson a permanent
Constitution tomorrow, it was announced. The
Cabinetincludes11 deputiesfor the PrimeMinister,
22 ministersand 3 deputyministers:
'Ali Sabri:Premier,Ministerof Planning
Nur al-DinTarraf:Deputy P.M. and supervisor
of Ministriesof Labor,Justice and Youth
AhmadSharabisi:Deputy P.M. for Waqfs and
Al-AzharAffairsand Ministerof Waqfs
Kamal al-Din MahmiudRifa't: Deputy P.M. for
Scienceand supervisorof Ministriesof Higher
Educationand ScientificResearch
MahmudFawzi: Deputy P.M. for Foreign Af-
fairs and supervisorof Ministries of Foreign
Affairs and Foreign Cultural Relations
'Abd al-Mun'im al-Qaysuini: Deputy P.M. for
Finance and Economy and Minister of
Economy and Foreign Trade and supervisor
of Ministryof the Treasury
KamalRamziStino: Deputy P.M. for Supply
and National Trade and Minister of Supply Apr. 9: All hospitals owned by charitablesocieties
and National Trade
'Aziz Sidqi: Deputy P.M. for IndustryMinerals
and Ministerof Mining and Oil and Minister Apr. 12: Four charges, each carrying the death
of Light Industries
Mustafa Khalil: Deputy P.M. for Communica- against Frowald Hiittenmeiserof Cologne, a stu-
tions and Transport and supervisor of the
Ministry of Communicationsand Transport
'AbbasRadwan:Deputy P.M. for Local Ad- Apr. 14: The UN disclosed that the UAR had paid
Ministries of Education, Health and Social
Affairs
'Abd al-Qadir Hatim: Deputy P.M. for Culture
and National Guidance and supervisor of
Ministries of Information,Tourismand Anti-
quities
'Abd al-Muhsin'Abd al-Nuir: Deputy P.M. for
Agriculture and Irrigation and Minister of
AgrarianReform
MuhammadAbuaNusayr:HousingandAmenities
SayyidMuhammadYuisif: Education
'Abd al-'Aziz al-Sayyid: Higher Education
Nabawl al-Muhandas: Health
Hasan Zaki: Irrigation
'Abd al-Wahhabal-Bishri: War
Tala't Khayri: Youth
Muhammad$idql Sulayman:AswanHigh Dam
'Abd al- Azim Fahmi: Interior
Mrs. HikmatAbuiZayd: Social Affairs
Anwar 'Abd al-Latif Salamah: Labor
Husayn Khalla1f:Foreign Culture
Badaw IbriihimHamiidah: Justice
MuhammadLabibShuqayr:Ministerof State
for Planning
Muhammad'IzzatSalamah:Power
MahmuidRiyad: Foreign Affairs
RiyadTurki: ScienceResearch
Amin Hilmi Ibrahim: HeavyIndustries
MahmadMuhammadRiyad: Communications
Mahmad 'Abd al-Saliam:Transport
Nasif AhmadDayf: Treasury
Shafiq'Ali Husayn: Agriculture
Muhammad 'Ali Hafi?: Deputy Minister of
Education
Najib IbrAhimNajib: Deputy Ministerof Hous-
ing and Amenities
'Abd al-Malik Sa'd: Deputy Minister of Com-
munications
Apr. 6: In an addressto the National Assembly,the
Premier declaredthat there was no one in prison
now in the UAR who had not been convictedby
the courts. He announceda decree, effective im-
mediately,ending the state of emergency.He also
said, among other things that the UAR's foreign
policy was based on 3 principles: "War against
imperialismand its supporters,unveiling imperial-
ism in all its forms and guises and combating
racialdiscrimination; workingfor peace;andpositive
cooperationfor general well-being."
Diplomaticrelationswith Belgiumwere restored.
have been nationalized, according to a decree
issued on March 22 and publishedtoday.
penalty, were reported to have been brought
dent arrested in the UAR last November as an
Israeli spy.

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 CHRONOLOGY
almost $272,000 of its Congo arrears to avoid
possible loss of voting rights in the General As-
sembly.
Apr. 16: Tass announcedthat a contractwas signed
in Cairo under which the USSR will supply the
UAR with equipmentand materialsworth 5 mil-
lion rubles for a coking and chemical combine,
and help to build it.
Apr. 21: An agreementwas signed with Switzerland
for the compensationof Swiss nationals whose
propertywas nationalizedunder the 1961 national-
ization laws, it was reported.
Apr. 23: NAsir arrived in Yemen and addresseda
mass rally, it was disclosed.
May 1: In a May Day rally in Cairo,Nasir said "Our
first mission is to oust Britain from every inch of
Arab land." He also disclosedone reason why he
had convened last January's Arab summit con-
ference to reassure Syria that the Arabs would
standwith her becauseSyriawas unwilling to take
the responsibilityof diverting the Hasbani River
in case of Israeli attack. He warnedthe Ba'th that
if it continued its "attacksagainst us I shall tell
everythingnext time."
May 5: Constructionaccidents at the Aswan High
Dam project have killed 227 workmen, including
6 Russians,al-Akhbarreported.
May9: PremierKhrushchevarrivedin Cairo.
May 10: In a rally of about 100,000 in Cairo,
Khrushchevattackedthe British campaignagainst
Yemeni-backedrebels in Arabia as "an intolerable
example of colonialism." He began talks with
Nasir.
May 11: The National AssemblyapplaudedKhrush-
chev's declarationof support for the abolition of
all foreign bases in Africa and elsewhere, such as
Aden, Cyprus and Libya, and also when he said
that the Soviet Union supportedthe Arab stand
over the planneddiversionof the Jordanby Israel.
May 12: Senator Ernest Gruening charged that
Khrushchev'scurrent visit to the UAR showed
that NAsir had been serving as "the Kremlin's
stooge" in a drive by Moscow to seize control of
the Middle East's oil, it was reportedin Washing-
ton.
The UAR embassyin Washington chargedthat
Britain,Israel and the Zionistsin the US weretrying
to destroy "harmoniousrelations"between Wash-
ington and Cairo. It was commenting on the
Gruening statement.
May 14: Nasir and Khrushchevpressed a button to
set off a dynamitecharge that opened a channel
to divert the waters to the Nile, in ceremoniesat
Aswan marking the completion of the first stage
of the Dam project.
May 16: In Washington,it was reportedthat Presi-
dent Johnson has acceptedthe resignationof John
S. Badeauas Ambassadorto the UAR.
Khrushchevcalled upon an Arab audience in
Aswan to replacethe goal of Arab unity with one
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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
349
of "unity with workers of all nations," it was
reported.
May 24: At a farewell dinnerin Cairo a joint com-
munique was issued announcingagreement on a
Soviet loan of about $277 million for the UAR's
second 5-year plan. The new loan would be in
additionto the $1 billion in militaryaid and $500
million in economic aid that the Egyptianshave
receivedfrom the SovietUnion.
May 25: It was officially announcedin Cairo that
Iraq and the UAR have agreedto a militaryunion.
No other details were announced.
May 26: The Iraqi-UARmilitary union was signed
in Cairo, calling for a joint militarycommandin
time of war and the establishmentof a presidential
council to develop ways of unifying the 2 govern-
ments.
May 27: It was reported in Washington that the
InternationalMonetary Fund, (IMF) has agreed
to a $40 million loan to the UAR "on liberal
terms."
June 3: It was reportedthat the UAR would shortly
launch its first artificial satellite as a result of
successfulpreliminaryexperimentswith multi-stage
rockets.
June 6: Sabri was reported planning a trip to
Moscow to discuss details of an agreementon the
reclamationof 200,000 feddansof land.
June 9: Badeauleft for the US.
Yemen
(See also, Saudi Arabia, South Arabian Federation,
UAR)
1964
Mar. 16: President'Abdallahal-Sallalarrivedin Mos-
cow at the head of a top-level delegationreportedly
to seek additionalmilitary and economicaid from
the SovietUnion.
Mar. 24: The Soviet Union and Yemen signed a 5-
year treaty of friendship. Moscow confirmedits
recognitionof the "full and absoluteindependence
of the Yemeni Arab Republic and its sovereignty
over Yemeni territory." Tass published the com-
muniquewhich also announcedagreementon eco-
nomic and technicalassistance.
Mar. 31: Sallal arrivedin Pragueon an officialvisit.
Apr. 2: A treaty of friendship and cooperationwas
signed with Czechoslovakia,it was announced.
Apr. 8: Following a 4-day state visit to Bulgaria,
Sallal signed a treatyof friendshipand cooperation
as well as tradeand culturalagreementswith Bul-
garia.
Apr. 15: In Geneva, the InternationalCommitteeof
the Red Crossdisclosedthat 24 women andchildren
of the Yemeni royal family,internedin Egypt, had
been freed and flown to Saudi Arabia.
Apr. 17: In a letter to the editor of the New York
Times, Ahmad al-Shami, Foreign Minister of the
350 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Royal Yemen Government,charged that Egypt's
"invasion"of Yemen 18 months ago "under the
pretext of aiding a revolutionin which Egyptian
agents were instrumentalin provoking"was "in
violationof the UN Charter."
Apr. 18: It was learnedthat a decreehas been issued
setting up a "shari'ahhigh courtfor state security"
empowered to deal with political cases and try
senior governmentofficials.
Apr. 23: President Nasir arrived in Yemen on an
unannouncedvisit. (See, South ArabianFederation,
April 25.)
Apr. 28: A new Constitutionunder which the re-
public was declared"an Islamic Arab state, inde-
pendent and sovereign," was announced over
San't' radio.
Nasir returnedto Cairo. A joint communique
issued by him and Sallal indicated, among other
things, that union between the 2 countries "is
strongerthan any form of constitutionalunion." It
noted further that the question of a constitutional
union should be discussed "after confirmationof
Yemen's borderswith the Yemeni South."
Apr. 29: Sallal's administrativepowers were reported
to have been "largely transferred"to the new
Premier, Hamm-adal-Jayifi. Informed sources in
Cairosaid this was one result of Nasir's visit.
Hasan al-'Umr!was namedVice Presidentunder
the new Constitutionalset up. MuhammadAhmad
Numan, the present representativein the Arab
League, was named chairmanof the Consultative
Council.
May 3: A new Cabinetunder Jayifi was announced.
It includes almost all the membersof the Political
Bureau and the Executive Council which were
abolished by the new Constitution. Some new
members are: Muhsin al-Sirri, Foreign Affairs;
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Husayn al-Difi'!, Defense; and 'Abd al-Ghani
'All Ahmad al-Qubab,"South Yemen Affairs."
May 4: Sallal and Pier Spinelli, Chief of the UN
ObserverMission, conferred,it was reported.
May 11: The President arrived in Cairo to attend
celebrationsmarking the completion of the first
phase of the Aswan Dam.
A decreesetting up a 9-manmixed supremecom-
mittee for nominatingmembersto the Consultative
Council was announced.
May 26: A comuniqueat the end of a visit by SallIl
to Rumania said the 2 countries had signed a
treaty of friendship, a protocol on technical and
cultural cooperationand a trade agreement. Sallal
arrivedin Budapest.
U Thant announcedthe extension for 2 more
monthof the UN ObservationMission.
May 28: A Yemeni prosecutorcalled for the death
penalty for Muhammad'All al-Sari when he ap-
peared before the Supreme State Security Court
on charges of conspiring with members of the
royal family to overthrowthe republicanregime,
it was reported.
June 1: The Presidentarrivedin Peking, it was re-
ported.
June 9: Red China and Yemen signed a treaty of
friendshipand cultural,economicand technicalco-
operationagreements,it was announced.
June 11: Sallal arrivedin Moscow from Peking.
June 13: Sallal arrivedin Cairo.
June 14: The CommunistChinese head of state Liu
Shao-Chiand PremierChou En-Laiwere reported
to have acceptedan invitation to visit Yemen at
"a time convenientto them." Details of the 10-
year treaty of friendship replacingthe one China
signed with the royalists in 1958 were also dis-
closed.