Tutorial on Sediment Transport

Mechanics

Tutorial -1

April, 2020
 1. A 20m wide alluvial channel conveys a discharge Q = 45m3/s.
If the channel slope is I= 0.0003 and the median sediment size
is d50= 0.4mm, determine the type of bed form.
Solution
Depending on the given data the type of bed form is classified
based on(according) Simons-Richardson method(1966):
Q 45 m2
Discharge intensity q    2.25
 b 20 s
q  u h  ch 1 .5
I 0 .5

To determine the depth of water

 12h   12h 
  18 log 
12h
C  18 log   18 log 
 ks   6.8d 50   6.8 * 0.4 * 10^ 3 
C  18 log(4411.76h)
q  ch1.5 I 0.5  18 log(4411.76h) * h1.5 * (0.0003) 0.5
 2.25  0.32 log(4411.76h) * h1.5
7.22
h( )^1 / 1.5
log(4411.76h

By iteration the depth, h=1.53m


q  uh
q 2.25
u    1.47 m / s
h 1.53
 b ,c  ghI  1000 * 9.81 * 1.53 * 0.0003  4.5 N / m 2

Stream power, w   b ,c * u  4.5 *1.47  6.62 N / sm

Using w  6.62 N / sm and d50= 0.4mm from Simons and

Richardson Diagram the type of bed form is Dunes type.
 2. A wide open channel has a mean water depth h= 3m, a
mean bed slope I= 0.00015, a mean velocity ű = 1 m/s, the
bed material characteristics are d50 = 350µm , d90=1000µm,
sediment density ρs= 2650kg/m3, ρ=1000kg/m3 , fluid
temperature Te = 20oC (v=1.01 x 10-6 m2/s).
What type of bed forms are generated and what are the
dimensions of the bed forms based on Van Rijn classification?
Solution
Bed form type
 12h  12 * 3 m 0 .5
C  18 log   18 log( )  73.4
 3d 90  3 * 0.001 s
û 2 1 2
 b ,c  g ( )  1000 * 9.81* ( )  1.82 N / m 2
C 73.4
 b ,c  0.21N / m 2(from figure 4.15)
  b,c   b,cr 
T     7.7

  b,cr 
 Cont..
 ( s  1) g  (2.65  1) * 9.81
1/ 3 1/ 3
 
D*    * d50    * 0.00035  8.8
  2
  1.01 x 10 - 6 2


 Then the bed form based on T and D* values are classified

as Mega Ripples and dunes.
Bed form dimensions
0.1T
∆mr  0.02h log(1  e ) * (10  T )
 0.02 * 3 log(1  e 0.1*20 ) * (10  20)  0.074m
mr  0.5 h  0.5 * 3  1.5m
 d 90   0 .5 T
∆d  0.11 h  (1  e ) * ( 25  T )
 h 
 d 90   0.5*20
 0.11* 3 (1  e ) * ( 25  20)  0.37 m
 h 
mr  7.3 h  7.3 * 3  21.9 m
3. From turbulent velocity measurements at two elevations
(v1 at z1 and v2 at z2) in a wide rectangular channel,
eliminate the constant from the equation of the
logarithmic velocity profile to determine the shear
velocity, u*; the bed shear stress, τb; and the viscous sub
layer thickness δ.
Solution
The velocity profile for turbulent sub layer is
b
du  u
 
dz kz kz

du u 
  Logarithmic velocity Profile
dz kz

Lets eliminate k.. Constant from the equation.

 Cont….
 Thus du u 

dz z

dz
du  u  by Integrating both sides:
z
u2 z2
dz
 du  u  
u1 z1
z

 u  ln z
u2 z2
u u1 z1

u2  u1  u ln z2  ln z1 
z2
u2  u1  u ln
z1

u 2  u1 …is the required shear velocity

u 
z2
ln
z1
Cont….

b. Bed Shear stress,  b

u 2  u1 2
 b   (u ) 2
 ( )
z
ln 2
z1

c.Viscous sub layer thickness

z2
11.6  ln
11.6  v 11.6 z1
v   
u u 2  u 1 u 2  u1
z
ln 2
z1
4. Consider the velocity profile of a river shown in the table at a discharge
Q= 24m3/s, a width W=52m and depth 1.5m. The friction slope is about
10cm/km and the bed material is very course gravel. Assume steady
uniform turbulent flow, kinematic viscosity v=10-6 m2/s, water density
ρ=1000kg/m3, and k=0.4.From measured velocity profile estimate the
following parameters:
a. Shear velocity
b. Bed shear stress
c. Elevation of zero velocity
d. Effective bed roughness height
e. Mean velocity
f.Viscous sub layer thickness
g. Chezy coefficient

Elevation above bed z(m) Velocity v(z) (m/s)

0.2 0.22
0.6 0.34
1 0.4
1.5 0.45
 Solution
 For steady uniform turbulent flow, the velocity profile should be the
logarithmic velocity profile;
(u 2  u1 ) (0.34  0.22)
a. u  k  0. 4  0.044m / s
z2 0.6
ln( ) ln( )
z1 0.2

b.  b   (u  ) 2  1000(0.044) 2  1.936N / m 2
c. Elevation of zero velocity
u* zi kvi zi
vi  ln( )   u  ln( )
k z0  z0
kvi
vi zi zi
k ln  e u

e u
e z0
z0
kv i
( )
z0  zi e u
, i  1,2,3,4....
 Cont…
Using i=1
kv i
( ) (
0.4*0.22
)
z 0  z1e u
 0 .2 e 0.044
 0.02m
d. Effective bed roughness height
K s  30 Z 0  30  0.02  0.6m
e. Mean flow velocity,

u* * k s 0.044 * 0.6
Re    26,400  70, Hydraulically rough flow
 10 6

Since the flow is hydraulically rough flow, the mean velocity

equation

u h 12h
 5.75 log( )  6.25  5.75 log( )
u ks ks
 Cont…
 12h 12 1.5
u  5.75 * log( ) * u  5.75 * log( ) * 0.044  0.37m / s
ks 0 .6

f.Viscous sub layer thickness

11.6  v 11.6  1  10 6
v    2.64  10  4 m  0.264mm
u 0.044
g. Chezy Coeffient, C
For hydraulically rough flow
 12h  12 *1.5 m 0.5
C  18 log   18 log( )  26.6
 ks  0.6 s
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