kavkasiuri tragedia

`mTielebi rusuli jaris miaxloebisas mSobliur sofels toveben~ (petre gruzinski, 1872 w.)

afxazTa muhajiroba
afxazi xalxis istoriaSi XIX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi tragikuli furceli
gadaiSala. 1864, 1867 da 1877 wlebSi mravali aTasi afxazi iZulebuli gaxda,
samSoblo daetovebina da osmaleTSi gadaxvewiliyo. es movlenebi istoriaSi
muhajirobis saxeliT aris cnobili.

muhajiroba saerTokavkasiuri pro- moqmedebaTa wyebasTan, romelsac mefis

cesi iyo, romelic ara marto afxazebs,
aramed qarTvelebsa da CrdiloeT kavka-
siis xalxebs _ daRestnelebs, osebs,
CeCnebs, Cerqezebs, abazebs, ubixebs, jiqebs
_ Seexo. termini momdinareobs arabuli
sityvidan `muhajereT~, rac gadasaxlebas
niSnavs, magram kavkasiis xalxTa enebze
am sityvam ZaldatanebiT gadasaxlebul-
Ta, samSoblodan devnilTa mniSvneloba
SeiZina. muhajiroba _ kavkasiis mkvidri
mosaxleobis ZiriTadad iZulebiTi gada-
saxleba osmaleTis imperiaSi dakavSire-
buli iyo kavkasiis omebTan _ samxedro
ruseTi kavkasiaSi XVIII-XIX saukuneebSi
warmarTavda. kavkasiis ama Tu im regionSi
ruseTis mflobelobis damyarebas Tan
sdevda ZiriTadad mahmadiani mosaxleobis
iZulebiT osmaleTSi gasaxleba.
istoriis mkacri
gafrTxileba
ruseTis xelisuflebas surda, os-
maleTSi daumorCilebel kavkasielTa
gadasaxlebiT am mxareSi politikuri
simSvidisTvis mieRwia, gaTavisufle-
buli miwebi farTo kolonizaciisTvis

12 istoriani . agvisto 2017

gamoeyenebina, agreTve esargebla mxaris
xelsayreli strategiuli mdebareobiT.
osmaleTi imedovnebda, saWiroebis SemTx-
vevaSi, ruseTis winaaRmdeg gamoeyenebina
ruseTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili mamaci
kavkasielebi; Seevso omebis Sedegad Sem-
cirebuli mosaxleoba da dacarielebu-
li adgilebi daesaxlebina. amasTan, igi
gamodioda yvela muslimanis mfarvelis
droSiT. raki orive mxare dainteresebuli
iyo, SeTanxmebac ar gasWirvebiaT. ruseTi
materialur da moralur daxmarebas aRu-
Tqvamda osmaleTs mahmadian kavkasielTa
gadasaxlebaSi, es ukanaskneli ki maT
miReba-dabinavebas kisrulobda.
amdenad, kavkasielTa muhajiroba ga-
mowveuli iyo socialur-ekonomikuri,
politikuri da religiuri mizezebiT.
erTi SexedviT, TiTqos religiuri momen-
ti dominirebda, magram ZiriTadi mainc
iyo politikuri faqtori _ ruseTis
dampyrobluri politika. carizmis ko-
lonizatorulma politikam kavkasielTa
gadasaxlebas gadamwyveti biZgi misca.
1864 wlis gazafxulze ruseT-kavkasiis
omi (1763-1864) dasasruls miuaxlovda.
Savi zRvis sanapiro, tamanis naxevarkun-
Zulidan adleramde, savse iyo muhajire-
biT, romlebic osmaleTSi wasasvlelad
gemebs elodnen. maisSi, ruseTis jaris
nawilebma daikaves dasavleT kavkasiis
mTielTa winaaRmdegobis ukanaskneli kera
ahWifsi _ mTis Temi mdinare mzimTas zemo
welSi. 21 maiss, ahWifsis centrSi, aul
gubaadvSi (rus. kbaada, amJamad krasnaia
poliana) kavkasiis omi damTavrebulad
gamocxadda. Savi zRvis Crdilo-aRmo-
savleT sanapiroze da Crdilo-dasavleT
kavkasiaSi mcxovrebi Cerqezebi, abazebi,
ubixebi, jiqebi osmaleTSi gadasaxldnen,
maT Soris, jiqebi da ubixebi _ mTlianad.
Turquli gemebi moZvelebuli iyo,
afriani. fuls daxarbebuli xomaldebis
mepatroneebi cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleba
meti muhajiri waeyvanaT. amitom xomal-
debi xalxiT iyo gadaWedili. mgzavrebs
Sor da Znel gzaze zRvis avadmyofoba
awamebda, sanovage da wyali male ileo-
da. bevri ver uZlebda mZime mgzavrobas
da iRupeboda, gansakuTrebiT, bavSvebi.
Turqebi micvalebulebs zRvaSi yridnen,
xSirad, moxucebsac, rogorc usargeblo
da gamousadegar tvirTs, Tavidan iSo-
rebdnen. vinc zRvaze sikvdils gadaurCa,
osmaleTis sanapiroze gadmosxes. maT ara-
vin daxvedria, dapirebuli samoTxe arsad
Canda. Semdeg osmaleTis xelisuflebam
isini ukacriel, unayofo, gamofitul
miwebze daasaxla. erTaderTi asparezi,
sadac mamac kavkasiel mTielebs Tavis ga-
moCena SeeZloT, osmaleTis armia iyo. be-
vri SimSilisa da avadmyofobis msxverpli
gaxda, vinc gadarCa, TandaTan adgilobriv
mosaxleobaSi gaiTqvifa, mxolod mcire
nawilma SeinarCuna eTnikuri TavisTava-
doba, sakuTari ena. ase gaqrnen istoriis
asparezidan qarTvelebis uaxloesi me-
zoblebi ubixebi. afxazi mwerlis bagrat
Sinqubas romanSi `ukanaskneli ubixi~ am
xalxis tragediaa asaxuli. realurad,
ahWifsis Temis
centri, auli
gubaadvi
(rusulad
kbaada, amJamad
krasnaia
poliana),
rusuli
jarebis banaki.
1864 wlis
21 maisi. aq
kavkasiis omi
damTavrebulad
gamocxadda
istoriani . agvisto 2017 13
kavkasiuri tragedia
didma mTavari mixail romanovi, kavkasiis armiis
mTavarsardali da kavkasiis mefisnacvali (1862-1881)
ukanaskneli ubixi Tevfiq esenCi 1992 wels
gardaicvala. mis sikvdilTan erTad gaqra
ubixuri ena. TurqeTSi, baliqesiris pro-
vinciis sofel haji osmanSi erT saflavs
aseTi epitafia aqvs: `es Tevfiq esenCis
saflavia. is ubixur enaze mosaubre
ukanaskneli adamiani iyo~. es istoriis
mkacri gafrTxilebaa, radgan rogorc
afxazuri andaza gvaswavlis, `vinc sam-
Soblos kargavs, is yvelafers kargavs~.
afxazeTis samTavros gauqmeba
dasavleT kavkasiis dapyrobis Semdeg
carizmma kavkasiaSi Tavi myarad igrZno.
ukve ar arsebobda afxazeTis samTavros
SenarCunebis aucilebloba. ruseTis mmar-
Tvelobas afxazeTis mimarT specialuri
gegma hqonda SemuSavebuli, romelic
mxaris kolonizacias iTvaliswinebda.
am miznis misaRwevad afxazeTis mTavris
xelisufleba da memamuleTa miwismflo-
belobis arseboba dabrkolebas warmoad-
genda, radgan aseT pirobebSi mxaris
kolonizaciisTvis Tavisufali miwebi ar
14 istoriani . agvisto 2017
arsebobda. amitom saWiro iyo mkvidri
mosaxleobisgan am miwa-wylis gawmenda.
1864 wlis ivnisSi carizmma afxazeTis
samTavro gaauqma da uSualo rusuli
mmarTveloba SemoiRo. imavdroulad,
ivlisSi, afxazeTis daumorCilebel mTis
Tem fsxuSi, mdinare bzifis Sua welSi,
ruseTis jaris nawilebi SeiWrnen Cr-
diloeTidan, kavkasionis qedis mxridan
sanWaros uReltexiliT, da afxazeTidan,
dous uReltexiliT. gadamwyveti brZola
gaimarTa bzifis Senakadis mdinare gri-
bzas napirze. fsxuelebi TavganwirviT
ibrZodnen, magram damarcxdnen. maTi
didi nawili, 3500 sulze meti zRvisken
gaemarTa, gudauTaSi gemebSi Casxdnen da
osmaleTSi gadaixvewnen, mxolod mcire
nawili, 105 ojaxi (862 suli) daTanxmda
yubanis olqSi gadasaxlebas. amis Sedegad,
bzifis Sua weli mTlianad gaukacurda.
am ambebis TviTmxilveli, ruseTis armi-
is oficeri taras anCabaZe Semdeg igonebda,
rogor gaemarTa maTi polki soxumidan
fsxusken. polks Tan gza gahyavda: mdinaree-
bze droebiT xidebs agebdnen, tyes Cexdnen
da ase miiwevdnen win. gumisTis marcxena,
kldovani napiris gaswvriv saWiro gaxda
kldeebis afeTqeba, xevebis pirebSi gzis
gamagreba didi xeebiT, sarebiTa da wnule-
biT. erTi Tvis Semdeg polki fsxuSi Sevida.
fsxuelebis Tavkacebma ruseTis sardlobas
sTxoves maTTvis osmaleTSi gadasaxlebis
neba daerToT, razec Tanxmoba miiRes.
fsxuelebi emSvidobebodnen TavianT
samkvidros. mamakacebi pirquSad eTxove-
bodnen winaparTa saflavebs, qalebi Cumad
qviTinebdnen. Zveli Cveulebis Tanaxmad,
msxverpls swiravdnen, klavdnen cxvrebs,
qaTmebs; samgzavrod amzadebdnen bastur-
mas, yvels, acxobdnen qadebs, tikebSi
asxamdnen Rvinos. bedaurebi, romlebsac
gasayidad ver imetebdnen, tyeSi mihyavdaT
da yurisZirSi tyviis daxliT, sicocxles
uswrafebdnen.
roca muhajirebi zRvis sanapirosaken
daiZrnen, qalebis moTqmam SeZra aremare.
wasvlis win fsxuelebma cecxls misces
saxlebi. gadamwvar soflebSi mxolod
mitovebuli ZaRlebi da katebi darCnen.
fsxu dacarielda.
 afxazTa gasaxleba 1867 wels sjobs osmaleTSi gadasaxlebas~.
afxazeTis samTavros gauqmebam, ca- cnobili saeklesio moRvawis, ambro-
rizmis kolonizatorulma politikam, si xelaias cnobiT, muhajirobis dros
Cinovnikuri aparatis uxeSma Carevam afxazeTis episkoposTan, yovladsamR-
afxazTa cxovrebis wesSi, afxazeTis so- vdelo aleqsandresTan (oqropiriZe),
cialur-sazogadoebrivi wyobis Tavise- romelic afxazebSi didi siyvaruliTa
burebaTa gauTvaliswineblobam, ekonomi- da pativiscemiT sargeblobda, misula
kurma siduxWirem afxazTa masobrivi uk- mahmadiani afxazi, saxelad urisi, 12
mayofileba gamoiwvia, romelic saxalxo wlis SvilTan erTad. man mRvdelmTavars
ajanyebaSi gadaizarda. ajanyeba 1866 wlis auxsna mosvlis mizezi _ SenTan movedi
26 ivliss daiwyo sofel lixnSi da male keTilo mwyemso, me osmaleTSi mivdivar,
TiTqmis mTeli afxazeTi moicva. carizmma samSoblos samudamod veTxovebi da Cemi
afxazeTSi saswrafod gadaisrola jaris vaJi minda davtovo SenTan. coli da sxva
nawilebi da agvistoSi ajanyeba CaaxSes. Svilebi adre davkarge, ar vici, ra mome-
ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg xelisu- lis ucxo mxareSi, magram mainc vtoveb
flebam gadawyvita Tavidan moeSorebina samSoblos. ar minda Cemi ubedureba er-
gansakuTrebiT mtrulad ganwyobili TaderT Svils gavuziaro da SenTan movi-
afxazebi _ muslimanebi da warmarTebi, yvane. vici miiReb, aRzrdi qristianulad
ZiriTadad, kodoris Sua da zemo welis da bednieri iqnebao. Tvalcremliani mama
mosaxleoba, am mxaris strategiuli daemSvidoba Svils da wavida. afxazi ymaw-
mniSvnelobis gamo. xelisuflebis rw- vili episkoposma aleqsandrem aRzarda,
meniT, maTi osmaleTSi gasaxleba xels igi mRvdeli gaxda da didi sargebloba
Seuwyobda politikuri simSvidis damkvi- moutana qristianobas afxazeTSi.
drebasa da am mxareSi mefis xelisufle- gazeTi `droeba~ afxazTa gadasaxlebis
bis ganmtkicebas. ruseTis xelisufleba process ase aRwers: navsadgurSi, romel-
brwyinvale portas SeuTanxmda afxazTa
gadasaxlebis Taobaze. osmaleTi Tanaxma
mdinare mzimTas
iyo, muhajirebi ruseTis sazRvrispira xeoba
adgilebSi ar daesaxlebina; gadasaxle-
bulebs ukan dabrunebis neba ar unda
hqonodaT.
didma mTavarma, kavkasiis armiis mTa-
varsardalma da kavkasiis mefisnacvalma
(1862-1881) mixail romanovma gankargule-
ba gasca, afxazTa gadasaxleba 1867 wlis
aprilis bolos dawyebuliyo. SesaZlo
areulobis aRsakveTad, afxazeTSi dama-
tebiTi jaris nawilebi gadaisroles.
afxazTa gadasaxleba ZiriTadad Zal-
datanebiT xasiaTs atarebda. muhaji-
robis cxel kvalze, 1867 wlis ivnisSi,
gazeTi `droeba~ werda: `afxazebi Zlier
dajavrianebulni arian... webelelebi,
dalelebi da gufuelebi wavidnen...
Wilouelebi da jgerdelebi gamorekes
TavianTi binidan. maT saSineli guliT
ar undaT wasvla. afxazebi didad aqeben
bzifis mazris ufross dimitri WavWavaZes.
romelmac mamobrivi mzrunvelobiT auxsna
maT, rom rusis mmarTvelobis qveS yofna

istoriani . agvisto 2017 15

kavkasiuri tragedia
rusi dragunebi yarsis gzaze sdevnian osmalo jariskacebs, alajinis brZolis Semdeg (1877 w.)
sac jaris nawilebi icavdnen, ori mxriT
Tokebi iyo gabmuli, rom wamsvlelebi da
gamcileblebi erTmaneTs ar Sereodnen.
dolis cemiT wamsvlelebs mouxmobdnen
da gamosaTxovar musikas ukravdnen. ro-
desac gemi daiZvroda, mxiarul musikas
daukravdnen, Semdeg ki mTeli batalioni
Tofebs daclida.
mgzavroba mZime iyo. rTuli gzisa da
SimSil-wyurvilisgan bevrs Zala ecle-
boda. bavSvebi SimSilsa da wyurvils ver
uZlebdnen. micvalebulebs, Ronemixdilebs,
moxucebs Turqebi zRvaSi yridnen. erT qals
ZuZuTa bavSvi mokvdomoda, Turqebs zRvaSi
rom ar gadaegdoT, dedas mkerdze miekra,
TiTqos ZuZus awovebda da iavnanas umRe-
roda. cas swvdeboda gamwarebuli dedis
gulis kvnesa. ase daibada afxazuri simRera
`SiS-nani~ _ muhajirTa iavnana.
ivnisSi afxazTa gadasaxlebis procesi
dasrulda. osmaleTis xelisuflebam,
SeTanxmebisamebr, muhajirebi ruseTis
imperiis sazRvrebidan Sors daasaxla
_ nawili anatoliaSi, nawili balka-
neTSi. Tavdapirvelad portam afxazebi
kompaqturad daasaxla. muhajirebma Ta-
vianT dasaxlebebs is saxelebi Searqves,
saidanac warmoSobiT iyvnen. ase gaCnda
osmaleTSi soflebi: aaci, akafa, guma,
eSera, dal, wabal, Wlou, uarCa, jgerda
da sxv. afxazTa kompaqturi dasaxleba os-
maleTis xelisuflebas mraval problemas
uqmnida da muhajirTa gaTurqebis process
16 istoriani . agvisto 2017
xels uSlida, amitom portam Semdeg isini
gafantulad daasaxla.
afxazTa gadasaxlebis procesSi dge-
boda muhajirTa siebi soflebis mixedviT,
ojaxebis raodenobis, ojaxis Tavkacebis
saxelisa da gvaris miTiTebiT, ojaxis wevr-
Ta (mamakacebi, qalebi, bavSvebi) raodenobis
CvenebiT. am siebis mixedviT, sofel fsir-
cxadan gadasaxlda 51 ojaxi (210 suli),
sofel foqveSidan 10 (69 suli, 9 ojaxi
faCulia _ 65 suli, 1 ojaxi jinjia _ 4
suli), sofel Wloudan _ 125 (539 suli),
sofel aTaridan _ 7 (43 suli) da a.S. biW-
vinTis olqidan gadasaxlda 226 ojaxi (1357
suli), drandis olqidan _ 629 ojaxi (3245
suli), webeldis olqidan _ 2503 ojaxi
(14740 suli). Aamdenad, afxazeTidan 3358
ojaxi (19342 suli) gadasaxlda. mTlianad
`gaiwminda~ kodoris Sua da zemo weli, we-
beldis olqi _ webelisa da dalis Temebi.
am Temebis TiTqmis 15-aTasiani mosaxleoba
ucxoeTSi gadaixvewa. 1874 wels kavkasiaSi
ingliseli mogzauri florens grouvi Ca-
movida. igi yaraCaidan gadmovida kodoris
xeobaSi, romelmac Zalian moxibla: `Znelia
naxo ufro didebuli da mSvenieri adgili,
vidre mdeloTi dafaruli velebi da tyeebi,
romelzec kodori miedineba~, _ aRfr-
TovanebiT wers is. magram mogzaurs sevda
da naRveli ipyrobs, roca xedavs, rom aq
adamianTa yofnis araviTari kvali ar Cans,
_ `xeobis zemo weli sruliad ukacrieli
iyo~, _ aRniSnavda igi.
 afxazTa gadasaxleba
1877 wels
1877 wlis aprilSi ruseT-osmaleTis
axali omi daiwyo, romlis asparezi kavka-
siac gaxda. omis dasawyisidanve afxazeTSi
rTuli viTareba Seiqmna. carizmis kolo-
niuri reJimiT gamowveulma ukmayofilebam
am droisTvis kulminacias miaRwia da
antirusulma, antikoloniurma ajanyebam
ifeTqa. aseT viTarebaSi, 29 aprils, gu-
dauTasTan Turquli desanti gadmosxda,
romelic ZiriTadad afxazi muhajirebisgan
Sedgeboda. soxumis garnizonis ufrosma,
general-maiorma pavel kravCenkom, ro-
melic imavdroulad soxumis samxedro
ganyofilebis ufrosic iyo, ver gabeda
SedarebiT Zlier mterTan Sebma, soxumi
datova da mdinare kodorisken daixia.
maisSi Turqebma TiTqmis mTeli afxazeTi
daikaves. ajanyebuli afxazebi TurqTa
desants SeuerTdnen, antirusuli ajanyeba
daiwyo CeCneTsa da daRestanSic. brwyin-
vale portas imedi mieca, rom ruseTis
winaaRmdeg kavkasiis mTel mahmadianur
mosaxleobas aamxedrebda. Tumca, ruseTis
jarebis warmatebebma kavkasiis frontze
da gansakuTrebiT, balkaneTSi, imedebi
gaucrua. ivlisSi ruseTis jaris nawilebi
afxazeTSi Setevaze gadavidnen da ukve ag-
vistoSi mTeli mxare Turqebisgan gawmindes.
san-stefanos zavis xelmowera, 1878 wlis 3 marti
afxazeTidan gaqcevisas Turqebs afxaz-
Ta nawilic gahyva, meti nawili, maT Soris
mcire raodenobiT qristiani qarTvelebi
(megrelebi) da berZnebi, ZaliT waiyvanes.
ukan daxeuli Turqebi soflebs aoxrebd-
nen da uiaraRo mosaxleobas zRvis napi-
risken ZaliT mierekebodnen, iqidan ki ge-
mebiT osmaleTSi mihyavdaT. gazeT `droe-
bis~ korespondentis cnobiT, `sacodaoba
iyo xomaldze gadayvanili afxazebis nax-
va. isini cxare cremliT stirodnen, zRvis
napirisken xelebs iSverdnen da amnairad
eTxovebodnen Tavis samSoblo qveyanas~.
TurqTa emisrebi soflebSi daZrwodnen
da afxazebs aqezebdnen, osmaleTSi gada-
saxlebuliyvnen, sadac miwier samoTxes
hpirdebodnen. ucxoeTSi gadasaxlebas
bevri arCevda samSobloSi sikvdils da
mters winaaRmdegobas uwevda. osmalebi
maT ar indobdnen da xocavdnen. gazeT
`kavkazis~ cnobiT, zRvis sanapiroze
eyara xelSeborkil da yelgamoRadrul
afxazTa gvamebi. maT, ukanasknel momentSi,
gemebSi Casxdomis win scades winaaRmde-
gobis gaweva.
1877 wels muhajirobaSi TiTqmis 32
aTasi suli wavida. gumisTis ubnis 8
sasoflo Temi, sadac 2221 ojaxi (9985
suli) cxovrobda, mTlianad gadasaxl-
da; gudauTis ubnidan (17 sasoflo Temi),
istoriani . agvisto 2017 17
kavkasiuri tragedia
`suxum-kale 1877 wels, dakavebuli gadmosxmuli Turqebis mier~ (liTografia)
sadac adre 5293 ojaxi (23 545 suli)
cxovrobda _ 3775 ojaxi (17 160 suli)
gadasaxlda; kodoris ubnis 9 sasoflo
Temidan, sadac 3 935 ojaxi cxovrobda,
1071 ojaxi gadasaxlda.
Tuki adre mTlianad daicala afxaze-
Tis mTis Temebi _ fsxu, webeli, dali,
axla TiTqmis mTlianad dacarielda
afxazeTis sanapiro zoli. aRsaniSnavia,
rom qarTveli misionerebis dauRalavma
moRvaweobam wlebis ganmavlobaSi, aTa-
sobiT afxazis monaTvlam, maT Soris,
imereTis episkoposisa da afxazeTis epar-
qiis mmarTvelis, episkopos gabrielis
(qiqoZe) ZalisxmeviT 19 aTasamde afxazis
monaTvlam, afxazi xalxi masobrivi gada-
saxlebisgan ixsna da am gziT fizikuri
ganadgurebisgan daifara.
gaukacurebuli afxazeTi damTrgunve-
li sanaxavi iyo. gazeT `golosis~ kores-
pondenti giorgi wereTeli gulistkivi-
liT werda: `bunebidan dawyebuli irgvliv
yvelaferi damwuxrebulia. ukacriel,
veeberTela sivrceze, romelic jer kidev
arcTu ise didi xnis win dasaxlebuli
da sicocxliT savse iyo, axla mxolod
nangrevebi gvxvdeba da sicocxlis niSanw-
yali ar igrZnoba~. mas mxars `iveriis~
korespondenti ubamda: `soxumidan or-sam
verszed kargad damuSavebuli mamulebi
gvxvdeba, magram pataras rom gascdebiT,
18 istoriani . agvisto 2017
siCume, ukacuroba da udaburobaa... gai-
vliT kidev TxuTmets, ocs verss Tvaluw-
vdenel tyeSi da versad SexvdebiT niSans
adamianis mosaxleobisas. natrobT, neta an
Robe mainc davinaxo, an ZaRlis yefa gavi-
gono, rom qveyana ise carieli ar meCvenos,
rogorc adamianis gaCenis winaT iyoo.
ra gasakviria, rom afxazeTis umTavres
qalaqis axlo-maxlo aseTi siCume iyos,
rodesac afxazeTSi afxazebi aRar arian~.
samSobloSi dabrunebis
mcdeloba
roca osmaleTis miwieri samoTxis
miTi daimsxvra, bevri muhajiri Seecada
samSobloSi dabrunebas, magram ruseTis
xelisuflebas maTi miReba ar surda.
ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris dadebuli Se-
TanxmebiTac, muhajirebs samSobloSi da-
brunebis ufleba ar hqondaT. miuxedavad
amisa, muhajirebi jiutad cdilobdnen,
zogi zRviT, zogi xmeleTiT, gamoeRwiaT
osmalTa da rusTa saguSagoebisTvis da
mSobliur keras dabrunebodnen.
samSobloSi malulad dabrunebulTa
Soris iyo SemdgomSi afxazuri mwerlo-
bis fuZemdeblis dimitri gulias (1874-
1960 ww.) mamac, mTeli Tavisi ojaxiT.
1878 wels uris (ioseb) gulia, romelmac
ucxoobaSi ori Svili damarxa, lazi me-
Tevzis felukiT ojaxTan erTad baTumSi

Camovida, iqidan ki afxazeTSi CaaRwia.
uris gulias mdinare kodoris marjvena
napirze, sofel varCeSi, mSobliur keraze
dabrunebis neba ar darTes, amitom is iZu-
lebuli gaxda, mdinare kodoris marcxena
napirze, sofel aZubJaSi dasaxlebuliyo.
rogorc dimitri gulia igonebda, maTi
saxli aZubJaSi im adgilis mopirdapired
idga, sadac mdinaris meore napirze maTi
yofili saxli Canda da mudam gulistki-
viliT gascqerodnen mas.
ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris san-stefa-
nos zavis (1878 wlis 3 marti) dadebis Sem-
deg, muhajirebi, pirvel rigSi, baTumisken
gaemarTnen, romelic jer isev osmaleTis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda da afxazeTSi
dabrunebas iqidan cdilobdnen. qarTveli
sazogadoebriobis daxmarebiT, afxazTa
erTi nawili baTumsa da mis SemogarenSi
damkvidrda, sadac afxazi muhajirebi 1864
wlidan cxovrobdnen. muhajirTa STamoma-
vlebi dResac iq saxloben, maT didwilad
SeinarCunes TviTmyofadoba, sakuTari ena.
baTumelma afxazma aslan smirbam erTxel
aseTi ram dawera: `Cveni winaprebi iZule-
bulni iyvnen, afxazeTidan ruseTis impe-
rias gamoqceodnen. aWaraSi damkvidrebul
afxazebs musrs avlebda SimSili da tifi.
maSin aWarlebma da gurulebma daaweses
`gadarCenis xarki~ _ Cveni winaprebisTvis
saWmelsa da tansacmels urmebiT ezide-
qarTveli
molaSqreebi
ruseT-
osmaleTis
1877-1878
wlebis omSi
bodnen. amis daviwyeba ar SeiZleba. es Cemi
Taobis afxazebmac ki ician~.
1879 wlis 27 ianvars ruseTsa da osma-
leTs Soris xeli moewera konstantinopo-
lis xelSekrulebas, romlis Tanaxmadac,
ruseTis xelisuflebam dauSva afxazebis
nawilobrivi repatriacia xelSekrulebis
xelmoweridan sami wlis ganmavlobaSi.
amis Sedegad, 1882 wlis ianvrisTvis
afxazeTSi 15 aTasamde muhajiri dabrun-
da. afxaz muhajirTa STamomavlebi amJamad
cxovroben TurqeTSi, siriaSi, iordaniaSi
da balkaneTis qveynebSi.
qarTveli sazogadoebrioba didi Ta-
nagrZnobiT Sexvda afxazTa muhajirobas,
tragedias, ramac afxazi xalxi, faqto-
brivad, fizikuri ganadgurebis safrTxis
winaSe daayena. gamoCenilma qarTvelma
mwerlebma da sazogado moRvaweebma: gri-
gol orbelianma, ilia WavWavaZem, iakob
gogebaSvilma, sergei mesxma, giorgi we-
reTelma, zaqaria WiWinaZem, petre Waraiam,
niko janaSiam, iona meunargiam, Tedo saxo-
kiam da sxvebma gulwrfeli TanagrZnoba
gamoxates afxazTa mSobliuri mxaridan
iZulebiT gasaxlebis gamo, Tumca es
didi Temaa, romelic calke ganxilvas
saWiroebs.
beJan xorava
istoriis doqtori
istoriani . agvisto 2017 19