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Prestressed, Post-Tensioned Concrete Section (ACI 318-08)
Prestressed, Post-Tensioned Concrete Section (ACI 318-08)
Client
Job # Calc #
Telephone: Fax: Calculated by Your Name Date 5/26/2020
E-mail: Checked by Date
PRESTRESSED/POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE SECTION (ACI 318-08)
b b = 12"
Compre s s ion S te e l
Ac Ac
dp dp
h d Tie re inforcing h d
P re s tre s s e d S te e l
Te ns ion S te e l
INPUT PARAMETERS
477506141.xls Page 1 of 52
APPLICATION OF PRESTRESSING
Prestressing method: Post-tensioned and unbonded
Prestressing force at jacking end Pj = 500 kip
Overwrite calculated prestress losses with user inputted value: no
User input tendon force at service load after allowance losses Ppe = 300 not apply
Concrete type I
Method of concrete curing Moist Cured
Duration of curing tc = 14 day
Time when prestress is applied t = 20 day
Avg relative humidity surrounding concrete RH = 75 %
Wobble coefficient K = 0.0025 1/ft (ACI 18.6.2.2)
Curvature coefficient mp = 0.10 1/rad (ACI 18.6.2.2)
Distance from jacking end of prestressing steel element to point under consideration lpx
= 8.5 ft
Total angular change of tendon profile from tendon jacking end to point under consideration a px = 0.002 rad
ANALYSIS
Tensile stress in tendon immediately after transfer = Pi / (tendon area) = 489.6 / (14 * 0.153) = fs,i = 228.56 ksi
477506141.xls Page 2 of 52
fc,1,i = -0.03 ksi > Fc,1min,i = -0.46 ksi Not apply (ACI 18.4.1.c)
PRESTRESS LOSSESS
CREEP OF CONCRETE
Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 57,000 (fc')1/2 = 57,000 * (6,000)^0.5 /1,000 = Ec = 4,415 ksi (ACI 8.5.1)
Kcr = 1.6
Net compressive stress in conc at center of gravity of prestressing steel due to sustained loads
= ( MG + MD + MS + MF ) e 12 / I = ( 10 + 12 + 10 + 175 ) * 6.0 *12 / 21,952 = fcds = 0.68 ksi
MAX[ 0, Kcr Es / Ec ( fcir - fcds ) ] = 1 * 28,000 / 4,415 ( 0.53 - 0.68 ) = CR = 0.00 ksi
SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE
Ksh = 0.79
For rectangular section, volume/surface = Ac / (2b + 2h) = 336 / ( 2 * 12 + 2 * 28 ) = V/S = 4.20
Stress loss due to shrinkage of concrete = 8.2*10-6 Ksh Es,p (1 - 0.06V/S) (100 - RH) =
8.2 * 10^-6 * 0.79 * 28,000 ( 1 - 0.06 * 4.20 ) * ( 100 - 75 ) = SH = 3.37 ksi
RELAXATION OF TENDONS
Kre = 5 ksi
J = 0.040
C = 1.280
Stress loss due to relaxation of tendons = [ Kre - J (SH + CR + ES) ] C =
[ 5 - 0.040 ( 3.37 + 0.00 + 1.73) ] * 1.280 = RE = 6.14 ksi
Compressive stress in concrete at sustained service = Pa,s /Ac + Pe /Ac - Pe e / S + (MG + MD + MH + MF)12 / S =
0 / 336 + 116.4 / 336 - 116.4 * 6 / 1,568 + (10 + 12 + 10 + 175)*12 / 1,568 = fc,1,e = 1.49 ksi
Compressive stress in concrete at peak load = Pa,p /Ac + Pe /Ac - Pe e / S + (MG + MD + ML + MR + MW + ME + MH + MF)12 / S =
0/336 + 116.4/336 + 116.4 * 6/1,568 - (10 + 12 + 125 + 75 + 150 + 0 + 10 + 175)*12/1,568 = fc,2,e = 4.16 ksi
477506141.xls Page 3 of 52
MOMENT STRENGTH
Compression zone factor b1 = 0.750 (ACI 10.2.7.3)
Tendon type factor gp = 0.280 (ACI 18.7.2.a)
Ratio of tension reinforcement r = 0.004 (ACI Notations)
Ratio of compression reinforcement r' = 0.003 (ACI Notations)
Ratio of prestressing reinforcement rp = 0.002 (ACI Notations)
Index of tension reinforcement w = 0.039 (ACI 18.7.2.a)
Index of compression reinforcement w' = 0.026 (ACI 18.7.2.a)
Area of tension reinforcement per unit slab strip As = 1.19 in2
Area of compression reinforcement per unit slab strip As' = 0.79 in2
Effective stress in prestressed steel (after losses) = Ppe / (tendon area) = 465.5 / (14 * 0.153) = fse = 217.3 ksi (ACI 18.6.1)
Effective strain in prestressed steel (after losses) = fse / Es,p = -217 / 28,000 = εse = -0.007762
Flexure Strength Reduction Factor Ф = 0.90 (ACI Fig. R9.3.2)
equivalent rectangular compressive stress block factor β= 0.75 (ACI Code 10.2.7.3)
Dist. from extreme compr. fiber to neutral axis obtained from strain compatibility iterations c= 5.4449 in. (ACI Code 10.2.7.2)
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block = β1 c = 0.75 * 5.44 = a = 4.083675 in. (ACI Code 10.2.7.1)
Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression fiber εcu = 0.003 (ACI Code 10.2.3)
Tension steel strain = (c - d) εcu / c = (5.44 - 25.50) 0.003 / 5.44 = εs = -0.01105
Prestressed steel strain = (c - dp) εcu / c = (5.44 - 20.00) 0.003 / 5.44 = εp = -0.008019
Compression steel strain = (c - d') εcu / c = (5.44 - 3.00) 0.003 / 5.44 = εs' = 0.001347
Tension steel stress = fs = -60 ksi
Prestressed steel stress = (εse + εp) Es,p , where -fpy ≤ (εse + εp) Es,p ≤ 0 = fps = -243 ksi
Compression steel stress = 0.00135 * 29,000 = fs' = 39 ksi
Force in tension steel = As * fs = 1.19 * -60 = Fs = -71 lb.
Force in prestressed steel = Aps * fps = 0.54 * -243 = Fps = -130 lb.
Force in compression steel = As' * fs' = 0.79 * 39 = Fs' = 31 lb.
Compressive force from concrete = 0.85 fc' a b = 0.85 * 6 * 4.08 * 12 = Cc = 250 lb.
∑ Forces = Fs + Fps + Fs' + Cc - P =
-71 + -130 + 31 + 250 - 80 = ∑F ≈ 0 kip
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Depth of center of force │Fs d │ + │Fps dp│ + │Fs' d'│ + │Cc a/2│ + │P yP │
= │Fs│ + │Fp│ + │Fs'│ + │Cc│ + │P│ =
from compression face
-71 * 25.5 + -130 * 20.0 + 31 * 3.0 + 250 * 2.04 + 80 * 14.0 ycof = 11.83 in.
=
-71 + -130 + 31 + 250 + 80
Distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis = a / β = 4.08 / 0.75 = c = 5.44 in.
Dist. from extreme compr. fiber to centroid of extreme layer of longitudinal tension steel dt = 25.50 in. (ACI Fig. R10.3.3)
Concrete Compression Strain Limit εcu = 0.003 (ACI Sec. 10.3.3)
First Yield Strain of Steel = fy / Es = 60 / 29,000 = εy = 0.00207 (ACI Sec. 10.3.2)
Steel Strain at Tension Control Limit (value per code) εt = 0.005 (ACI Sec. 10.3.5)
Steel Strain when extreme compression fiber just reaches εcu = εcu (dt - c) / c = εs = 0.01105
CALCULATE PRESTRESSING STEEL STRENGTH (this section is for comparison purposes only)
ACI 318 prescribes the following conservative equations as a hand calculation alternative to a more accurate computer based strain compatibility analysis.
These equations have many limitations and can not be applied for simultaneous axial and flexural loading cases. The calculations shown in this section are
for information/comparison purposes only and is not used in the design capacity checks.
gp fpu d
Bonded prestressing
steel strength
= fpu 1 -{ b1
rp [
fc'
+
dp
( w - w' ) ] } (ACI Eqn 18-3)
fpu { 1 -
0.280
0.750
[ 0.002
270.000
6.000
+
25.5
20
( 0.039 - 0.026 ) ] } = fps = not apply ksi (ACI 18.7.2.a)
fc'
Unbonded prestressing
steel strength
= Min ( fse + 10 +
300 rp
, fpy, fse + 30 )
217.3 + 10 + 6 / (300 * 0.002) = fps = 236.3 ksi (ACI 18.6.1)
CHECK PRESTRESSED AND NONPRESTRESSED REINFORCING RATIOS (this section is for comparison purposes only)
ACI 318 prescribes the following conservative equations as a hand calculation alternative to a more accurate computer based strain compatibility analysis.
These equations have many limitations and can not be applied for simultaneous axial and flexural loading cases. The calculations shown in this section are
for information/comparison purposes only and is not used in the design capacity checks.
Ratio of prestressed and nonprestressed reinforcement shall satisfy the following equation:
wp + (d/dp) (w-w') = 0.85 a / dp ≤ 0.36 b1
0.85 * 2.45 / 20 = 0.104 < 0.36 * 0.750 = 0.270 OK (ACI B.18.8.1)
477506141.xls Page 5 of 52
CALCULATE MOMENT CAPACITY
ACI 318 prescribes the following conservative equations as a hand calculation alternative to a more accurate computer based strain compatibility analysis.
These equations have many limitations and can not be applied for simultaneous axial and flexural loading cases. The calculations shown in this section are
for information/comparison purposes only and is not used in the design capacity checks.
Moment Capacity = Ф [ Aps fps (dp - a/2) + As fy (d - a/2) + As' fy (a/2 - d') ] / 12 =
0.9 [ 0.54 * 236.3 ( 20 - 2.45/2 ) + 1.19 * 60 ( 25.5 - 2.45/2 ) + 0.79 * 60 ( 2.45/2 - 3 ) ] / 12 = ФMn = 301 ft-kip
CHECK CODE LIMITS FOR ABRUPT FLEXURAL FAILURE DEVELOPING AFTER CRACKING
ФMn = 369.6 ft-kip > 1.2 Mcr = 252.6 ft-kip OK (ACI 18.8.2)
Limit of (fc')1/2 = MIN( (fc'*1,000)1/2 /1000, 100 ) = (fc')1/2 = 77.5 psi (ACI 11.1.2)
Centroid of prestressed and non-prestressed tension steel = (As d + Aps dp) / (As + Aps) =
(1.185 * 25.5 + 0.5355 * 20) / (1.185 + 0.5355) = dcent = 23.8 in. (ACI 11.3.1 & 11.4.3)
Depth of tension centroid, d = Max ( dcent, 0.8h ) = Max ( 23.8, 0.8 * 28 ) = d = 23.8 in. (ACI 11.3.1 & 11.4.3)
Concrete shear strength = ( 0.6 λ(fc')1/2 + 700 Min( 1, Vu dp / (Mu 12) ) ) b d / 1,000 =
( 0.6 * 1 * 77.5 + 700 * 50 * 20 / (566.9*12) ) * 12 * 23.8 / 1,000 = Vc1 = 42.6 kip (ACI 11.3.2)
Conc shear str need not be less than 2 λ (fc')1/2 b d = 2 * 1 * 77.5 * 12 * 23.8 / 1,000 = Vc2 = 44.2 kip (ACI 11.3.2)
Conc shear str shall not be greater than 5 λ (fc')1/2 b d = 5 * 1 * 77.5 * 12 * 23.8 / 1,000 = Vc3 = 110.6 kip (ACI 11.3.2)
ФVn = 33.2 ft-kip < Vu = 50.0 ft-kip NO GOOD (ACI Eqn 11-1)
477506141.xls Page 6 of 52
CHECK TORSION CAPACITY
Perimeter of tie centerlines = 2 (b - 2.5) + 2 (h - 2.5) = 2 (12 - 2.5) + 2 (28 - 2.5) = ph = 70 in.
Area enclosed by centerline of ties = (b - 2.5) * (h - 2.5) = (12 - 2.5) * (28 - 2.5) = Aoh = 242 in2
Gross area enclosed by shear flow path = 0.85 Aoh = 0.85 * 242 = Ao = 206 in2 (ACI 11.5.3.6)
√
Acp2 fpc
Torsion reinf can be neglected if Tu < Φ (fc')1/2
( pcp ) 1 +
4 (fc')1/2
√
336^2 0.58
= 0.75 * sqrt(6,000)/1,000 ( ) 1 + = 139 in-kip
80 4 * sqrt(6,000)/1,000
CHECK FOR CRUSHING OF THE CONCRETE COMPRESSION STRUTS PER ACI 11.5.3.1
√
Vu Tu ph Vc
( bd
)² + ( 1.7 Aoh 2 )² ≤
Φ ( bd
+ 8 (fc')1/2 ) (ACI 318-05 eqn 11-18)
√ ( )
50 500 * 70 44
( 12 * 23.8 )² + ( 1.7 * 242^2
)² = 0.179 < 0.75
12 * 23.8
+ 8 * 0.08 = 0.573 Not Apply
CHECK IF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT SATISFIES THE MINIMUM REQUIRED PER ACI 11.5.3.5 & 11.5.3.6
Tu 500 At
Tie reinf. req'd by torsion = = = = 0.021 in2/in/leg (ACI Eqn 11-21)
2 Φ Ao fy cotθ 2 * 0.75 * 206 * 60 * cot(37.5°) s
Vu/Ф - Vc 50/0.75 - 44 Av
Tie reinf. req'd by shear = = = = 0.016 in2/in/leg (ACI Eqn 11-15)
fy d 60 * 23.79 s
Av,prov'd Av At
must be ≥ +2 = 0.0157 + 2 * 0.0207 = 0.057 in2/in/leg (ACI R11.5.3.8)
s s s
Av,prov'd Av At
= 0.000 in2/in/leg < +2 = 0.0571 in2/in/leg Not Apply
s s s
CHECK IF LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT SATISFIES THE MINIMUM REQUIRED PER ACI 11.5.3.7 & 11.5.5.3
ФMn = 369.6 ft-kip < Mreqd = 807.8 ft-kip Not Apply (ACI 18.8.2)
477506141.xls Page 7 of 52
For Al ,min equation, ( At / s ) shall not be taken less than 25 b / fy = 25 * 12 / 60,000 = 0.005
5 (fc) 1/2
Acp 5 * 0.077 * 336
– ( At / s ) ph ( fyt / fy ) = – 0.0207 * 70 * 1 = Al ,min = 0.720 in2 (ACI Eqn 11-24)
fy 60
Equivalent longitudinal non-prestressed steel area provided = Aps (fps/fy) + As + As' =
Tie spacing = 12.0 in. < 12.0 in. Not Apply (ACI 18.11.2.2.b)
Total longitudinal reinforcement = 2.5 in2 < 3.4 in2 Not Apply (ACI 10.9.1)
Total longitudinal reinforcement = 2.5 in2 < 26.9 in2 Not Apply (ACI 10.9.1)
Total longitudinal reinforcement = 2.5 in2 > 0.5 in2 Not Apply (ACI 14.3.2)
477506141.xls Page 8 of 52
Table 2.2.1
Type Concrete Age
Cement Days
Time Ratio of Constants
Type
Curing 3 7 14 21
I a= 4 β= 0.85 0.46 0.70 0.88 0.96
Moist Cured β=
III a = 2.3 0.92 0.59 0.80 0.92 0.97
(f'c)t /(f'c)28
I a= 1 β= 0.95 0.78 0.91 0.98 1.00
Steam Cured
III a = 0.7 β= 0.98 0.82 0.93 0.97 0.99
I a/β = 4.71 0.39 0.60 0.75 0.82
Moist Cured a/β = 2.5
III 0.54 0.74 0.85 0.89
(f'c)t /(f'c)u
I a/β = 1.05 0.74 0.87 0.93 0.95
Steam Cured
III a/β = 0.71 0.81 0.91 0.95 0.97
Concrete Age
Days Years Ultimate
(in time)
28 56 91 1 10
1.00 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.17 1.18
1.00 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.09 1.09
1.00 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.05
1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.02
0.86 0.92 0.95 0.99 1.00 1.00
0.92 0.96 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00
0.96 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.97 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00