HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to GGSIP University, Delhi)

370, HAMIDPUR, DELHI-110 036 Tel.: 27724115-17, Fax 27724113
E-mail: hmritm@sify.com, eeehmritm@gmail.com
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2018-19 (Odd Semester)

Department of Electrical &Electronics Engineering (EEE)

Date: Sep 10, 2019

Assignment No. – 1
Sub. – Power Electronics

Last Date of Submission: - Sep 17, 2019 (Tuesday)

Part – 1
To be Submitted by – Abhijit Shekhar, Abhishek Dhasmana, Abhishek Kr., Aditya Kr., Aman,
Aman Bhatt, Aman Gupta, Aman Pandey
1. A 240V, 50 Hz supply is connected to RC triggering cKt. If R is variable from 1
KΩ to 22KΩ, VGT = V, C = 0.47µF. what are the minimum & maximum firing
angle both in case of Half wave & full wave.

2. If a number of p-n junction diodes with identical i-v characteristics are connected in
parallel will they share current equally? Justify your answer.

3. An SCR requires 50 mA gate current to switch it on. It has a resistive load & is
supplied from a 100V dc supply. Specify the Pulse transformer details & the ckt
following it if the driver cKt supply voltage is 10V & gate – cathode drop is 1 V.

4. What are the desirable characteristics of the gate drive circuit of a GTO? How do
they influence the switching performance of a GTO?

5. A BJT in CE configuration is specified to have β in the range of 8 to 40. The load

resistance is Rc = 11Ω. The dc supply voltage Vcc is 200V & VBE (sat) = 1.5V, VB =
10V. Find
a. Value of RB that result in saturation with an ODF (Over Drive Factor) of 5.
b. The β forced factor.
c. Power Loss in transistor.

6. Design a suitable UJT based trigger cKt for a single phase converter operating with
50hz mains supply. Following are the parameters & specifications:-

Max Inter Base Voltage, VBB = 35V, Max Avg power dissipation = 300mW, Inter-
base resistance, RBB = 5.6 kΩ, Valley Point Current, Iv = 4mA, Valley Point
Voltage, Vv = 2V, Intrinsic Stand-off ratio, η = 0.63, Max Gate voltage = 0.18V
 7. A Class B turn-off circuit commutates an SCR. The load current is constant at 10
Amps. Dimension the commutating components L and C. The supply voltage is
100VDC. Assuming Ipeak = 1.5 Iload.
8. A simple transistor switch is used to connect a 24 V dc supply across a relay coil,
which has a dc resistance of 200Ω. An input pulse of 0 to 5V amplitude is applied
through a series base resistor RB at the base so as to turn on the transistor switch.
Sketch the device current waveform with reference to input pulse.

9. Determine the number of SCRs to be connected each with a rating of 800V & 100A
in a series string with a total voltage of 5kV & parallel string with a total current of
1500A. Take a derating factor of 14%.

10. A power diode has a reverse saturation current of 15µA at 32°C which doubles for
every 10° rise in temperature. The dc resistance of the diode is 2.5 mΩ. Find the
forward voltage drop and power loss for a forward current of 200 Amps. Assume
that the maximum junction temperature is restricted to 102°C.
Part – 2
To be Submitted by – Asif Bashir, Avinash Sharma, Bhavya Kalra, Deepak, Gulab Alam,
Himanshu Rana, Inder Sharma, Kush Kumar

11. The collector clamping circuit has VCC = 100V, RC = 1.5Ω, VD1 = 2.1V, VD2 =
0.9V, VBE= 0.7V, VB = 15V, RB = 2.5Ω & β = 16. Calculate
a. Collector current without clamping.
b. Collector-Emitter clamping voltage, VCE
c. Collector current with clamping.

12. Which is the Power semiconductor device having

a) Highest switching speed;
b) Highest voltage / current ratings;
c) Easy drive features;
d) Can be most effectively paralleled;
e) Can be protected against over-currents with a fuse;
f) Gate-turn off capability with regenerative features;
g) Easy drive and High power handling capability

13. A cKt employing class B commutation has C = 50µF, L = 20µH, VS = 200V &
initial voltage across capacitor is 200V. Determine the cKt turn off time for main
SCR for load R = 1.5Ω

14. A thyristor has a maximum average gate power dissipation limit of 0.2 watts. It is
triggered with pulsed gate current at a pulse frequency of 10 KHZ and duly ratio of
 0.4. Assuming the gate cathode voltage drop to be 1 volt. Find out the allowable
peak gate current magnitude.
15. Discuss the comparison of Power BJT, power MOSFET & IGBT.
16. Design the UJT Triggering cKt for SCR. Given VBB = 20V, η = 0.6, IP = 10A, VV
= 2V, IV = 10mA. Frequency of oscillation is 100 Hz. The triggering pulse width
should be 50 µsec.

17. The gate oxide layer of a MOSFET is 1000 Angstrom thick Assuming a break
6
down field strength of 5 × 10 V/cm and a safely factor of 50%, find out the
maximum allowable gate source voltage.
18. A single phase half controlled converter supplies a 220V, 1500rpm, and 20A dc
motor from a 230V 50HZ single phase supply. The motor has a armature resistance
of 1.0Ω and inductance of 50mH. What will be the operating modes and torques for
α = 30°; and speed of 1400 RPM.

19. A MOSFET has the following parameters.

V (th) = 3V, g = 3, C = 800 PF, C = 250 PF. The MOSFET is used to switch
GS fs GS GD
an inductive load of 15 Amps from 150V supply. The switching frequency is 50
kHz. The gate drive circuit has a driving voltage of 15V and output resistance of
50Ω. Find out the switching loss in the MOSFET.

20. An IGBT is used to switch a resistive load of 5Ω from a DC supply of 350 volts.
The ON state gate voltage is v = 15v. For the IGBT, v (th) = 4 volts and g = 25.
gE gE ts
Find out the maximum current flowing through the IGBT in the event of a short
circuit fault across the load. Also find out the power dissipation inside the device.

Part – 3
To be Submitted by – Kushagra, Lucky Mahala, Mahavir Kr., Manish Aryal, Mansi,
Mayank Verma, Mohit Kumar (LE), Mohit Kumar

21. During turn off process in SCR, the reverse recovery current of 10A is interrupted
in a time interval of 4 µsec. the SCR is connected in series with an inductance of
6mH with no resistance in cKt. If source voltage during turn off process is -300V,
calculate:
(i). Peak voltage across SCR when reverse current is interrupted.
(ii). The value of snubber cKt resistance in case CS = 0.3µF & damping ratio is
0.65.

22. In the basic gate drive circuit of an IGBT following data are given
V = 15 V, V = 20 V, β for Q = 50, β for Q = 50.
gg cc 1 1 2 2
R = 2.2 KΩ, R = 30Ω, V (th) of IGBT = 4V, g = 40
B gE fs
 CgE = 4nF, CgD = 500pF,
The IGBT is used to switch a clamed inductive load of 50 Amps from a 400 volts
supply.
Find out maximum values of dIc/dt and dVCE/dt during Turn on and Turn off of the
IGBT.

23. An unregulated dc. Power supply of average value 12 V and peak to peak ripple of
20% is to be designed using a single phase half wave rectifier. Find out the required
input voltage, the output capacitance and the diode RMS current and PIV ratings.
The equivalent load resistance is 50 ohms.
24. State the function & advantages of Freewheeling diode in phase controlled rectifier.

25. A UJT used in relaxation oscillator cKt is having η = 0.7, VV = 1V & supply
voltage is 15V. Design the suitable values of R & C given that the frequency of
oscillator is 1KHz. Peak Current if 1 mA & valley current is 8mA.
26. What steps are taken in the cell structure design of an IGBT to minimize the “tail
current” during turn off operation?

27. A single phase fully controlled bridge converter operates in the continuous
conduction mode from a 230V, 50HZ single phase supply with a firing angle α =
30°. The load resistance and inductances are 10Ω and 50mH respectively. Find out
th
the 6 harmonic load current as a percentage of the average load current
28. A 220 V, 20A, 1500 RPM separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance
of 0.75Ω and inductance of 50mH. The motor is supplied from a 230V, 50Hz,
single phase supply through a fully controlled bridge converter. Find the no load
speed of the motor and the speed of the motor at the boundary between continuous
and discontinuous modes when α = 25°

29. What is the need of a base drive control in a Power BJT? Explain the proportional
& antisaturation control

30. For class B commutation VS = 230V dc, load current is 200A, cKt turn off time for
main SCR is 25µsec & reversal current is limited to 150% of IO. Determine the
value of commutating elements C & L.

31. A single phase half controlled converter is used to supply the field winding of a
separately excited dc machine. With the rated armature voltage the motor operates
at the rated no load speed for a fining angle α =0°. Find the value of α which will
increase the motor no load speed by 30%. Neglect lasses and saturation. Assume
continuous conduction.
Part – 4
 To be Submitted by – Mridul Baghel, Mukul Swaraj, Muzaffar Rasool, Nitin Suri,
Priyanshee Sharma, Renu Singh, Ritu Kumari, Sanjeet Chaudhary

32. A 220 V, 1500 rpm 20 A separately excited dc motor has armature resistance of 1Ω
and negligible armature inductance. The motor is supplied from a three phase full
wave uncontrolled rectifier connected to a 220 V, 3 phase, 50 Hz supply through a
∆/Y transformer. Find out the transformer turns ratio so that the converter applies
rated voltage to the motor. What is the maximum torque as a percentage of the
rated torque the motor will be able to supply without overheating? Assume ideal
transformer and continuous conduction.
33. What is the difference between Power diode & signal diode?

34. In class C commutation cKt, Vs = 200V, R1 = 20 Ω & R2 = 100Ω. Determine the

minimum value of C so that SCRs do not get turned on due to re-applied dv/dt.
Each SCR has a minimum charging current of 4mA to turn it on & its junction
capacitance is 20 pF.

35. Design a UJT relaxation oscillator for triggering a thyristor. The following data is
given as η = 0.6, IP = 50µA, VV = 2V, VBB = 10V, RBB = 6kΩ & IEO = 4mA. Also
calculate minimum & maximum triggering frequency.

36. A simple transistor switch is used to connect a 24V DC supply across a relay coil,
which has a DC resistance of 200Ω. An input pulse of 0 to 5V amplitude is applied
through series base resistor RB at the base so as to turn on the transistor switch.
Sketch the device current waveform with reference to the input pulse. Calculate
a. ICS.
b. Value of resistor RB, required obtaining over drive factor of two.
c. Total power dissipation in the transistor that occurs during the saturation
state.

37. Ten thyristors are used in a string to withstand a DC voltage of Vs = 15kV. The
maximum leakage current and recovery charges of Thyristors are 10mA and
150µsec respectively. Each thyristor has a voltage sharing resistance of R=56kΩ
and capacitance C 1= 0.5µF. Determine
a. Maximum steady state voltage sharing.
b. Steady state voltage derating factor (DRF).
c. Maximum transient voltage sharing.
d. Transient voltage derating factor
38. Calculate the required parameters for snubber cKt to provide dv/dt protection to
SCR used in single phase bridge converter. SCR has maximum dv/dt capacity of
60V/µsec. input line to line has a peak value of 425 V & source inductance is
0.2mH. Damping factor is 0.65.
39. An SCR connected in series with a 0.5 H inductor & 20Ω resistance. A 100V dc
voltage is applied to this cKt. If latching current is 4 mA. Find minimum width of
gate trigger pulse required to properly turn on the SCR.
40. Why a GCR (Germanium Controlled Rectifier) cannot be made?

41. For a resonant pulse commutation ckt, C = 30µF & L = 10µH. Initial voltage across
capacitor is Vs = 230V. For a constant load current of 300A, calculate:
(i). Conduction time for auxiliary thyristor.
(ii). Voltage across the main thyristor when it gets commutated.
(iii). the cKt turn off time for main SCR.
42. An SCR connected in series with a 0.5 H inductor & 20Ω resistance has latching
current of 20mA & is fired by a pulse of width 50sec. Determine whether the SCR
triggers or not.
Part – 5
To be Submitted by – Saurabh Sinha, Shubham Saini, Shweta Singh, Simran Thakur,
Sourabh Tiwari, Sugeet Kumar, Suraj Pandey, Tanya Jaiswal

43. The latching current of an SCR used in phase controlled rectifier ckt comprising an
inductive load of R = 10Ω & L = 0.1 H is 15mA. The input voltage is 325sin314t.
obtain the minimum gate pulse width required for reliable triggering of SCR if
gated at π/3 angle in every positive half cycle.

44. A UJT triggering cKt is connected across a 20V zener. The valley & peak voltages
are 1V & %V respectively. The intrinsic standoff ratio is 0.75. it operates at a
frequency of 1200 Hz. Find the charging capacitor if R = 5.6kΩ.

45. The latching current for SCR inserted in between a dc voltage source of 200V &
load is 100 mA. Calculate minimum width gate pulse current required to turn on
this SCR in case load consists of
(i). L = 0.2H
(ii). R = 20Ω in series with L = 0.2H

46. To provide reliable dv/dt protection of SCR, compute the required parameters for a
snubber cKt. SCR has max dv/dt capability of 50V/sec. Input line to line has a peak
value 380V & source inductance is 0.1mH.
47. Twelve SCRs are used in a string to withstand a dc voltage of 16kV. The maximum
leakage current & recovery charge difference of SCR are 10 mA & 150 × 10-6 F for
stabilization. Find
(i). Maximum steady voltage rating of each SCR.
(ii). Steady state voltage derating factor.
(iii). Maximum transient state voltage rating of each SCR.
(iv). Transient state voltage derating factor.
48. A single phase transformer with secondary voltage of 230V, 50 Hz delivers power
to load R = 10Ω through a half wave controlled rectifier ckt. For a firing angle of
60, determine
(i). Rectification efficiency
(ii). Form factor
(iii). Voltage Ripple Factor
(iv). Transformer utilization factor
(v). PIV of SCR

49. A valve in an HVDC cKt is a combination of SCRs in series & parallel. Calculate
the number of SCR each with a rating 500V, 50A required in each branch of series
parallel combination. For a value with a total voltage & current rating of 7.5 kV &
1kA. Assume derating factor 20%.
50. Derive expression for Fourier components an & bn for output voltage of single
phase full SCR converter feeding RL load having large inductance. Using Fourier
component for 2nd harmonic frequency, compute the component of 2nd harmonic
voltage in output voltage when the bridge is connected to 230V, 50 Hz supply &
feeds a load of R = 25 Ω & L = 10mH. Determine power absorbed by load &
power factor of cKt if output voltage is assumed to have any 2nd harmonic
component besides average value when α = 60°.
51. SCRs with a rating of 1000V & 200A are available to be used in a string to handle
6kV & 1kA. Calculate number of series & parallel units required in case derating
factor is (i). 0.1 & (ii). 0.2
52. Find thermal resistance of square cross section aluminum rod having length 0.2m,
width 0.01m, & depth 0.01m. Thermal conductivity is 220W/m °C. if temperature
at far end is 30°C. Find the temperature of surface where heat is injected & cube
has power dissipation of 3Watts.

53. A semiconductor switch is used to connect a load of 5Ω, 0.05H to a 240V, 50Hz
supply. Estimate the triggering angle to ensure no current transients. Also indicate
the initial triggering angle for the worst transient.
Part – 6
To be Submitted by – Tarun, Vaibhav Dahiya, Vibhor Kr., Vikas Kr., Vipin Kr.,
Vishwajit Verma, Vivek Kumar, Yogesh Mishra
54. Determine the number of SCRs to be connected with rating of 800V & 100A in a
series string with a total voltage of 5kV & parallel string with a total current of
1500A. Take de-rating factor of 14%.
55. A single phase full converter feeds power to an RLE load with R = 6 Ω , L = 10mH
& E = 60V. The AC source voltage is 230V, 50Hz supply. For continuous
conduction, find the average value of load current for a firing angle delay of 50°.

56. Explain why in a high voltage MOSFET switching circuit the voltage rise and fall
time is always greater than current fall and rise times.

57. An SCR during its turn on process has following data:

Anode voltage 60V VT = 0V
Anode current 0A 100A
During the turn on time of 5µSec, the anode current & anode voltage vary linearly.
If triggering frequency is 100Hz. Find the average power loss in SCR.

58. A thyristor is triggered by a train of pulses of frequency 4 kHz & of duty cycle 0.2.
Calculate the pulse width. In case, average power dissipation is 1W. Find the
maximum allowable gate power drive.
59. Discuss the difference between BJT & Power BJT and MOSFET & Power
MOSFET.
60. State the comparison between SCR & TRIAC.
61. A thyristor has power dissipation of 30W. Assume maximum junction temperature
is 125°C, & maximum ambient temperature is 50°C. the thermal resistance for SCR
is 1°C/W. the device uses a 65µm thick mica insulator having thermal resistance of
0.3°C/W. Find thermal resistance of heat sink & select a proper heat sink.

62. Explain why the dc current gain of a Power BJT is considerably lower compared to
its Signal level counterpart. What adverse effect does it have on the switching
performance of a BJT? Suggest one solution to this problem.
63. A Class D turn-off circuit has a commutating capacitor of 10 µF. The load consists
of a clamped inductive load such that the load current is reasonably constant at 25
amperes. The 'Inverter grade' SCR has a turn-off time of 12 µsecs. Determine
whether the SCR will be satisfactorily commutated. Also dimension the
commutating inductor. The supply voltage is 220 VDC
64. A Power BJT is used to switch an inductive load carrying 20 A. The supply voltage
is 200V; switching frequency and duty cycle are 1 KHZ and 0.5 respectively.
Switching times are as follows. t = 1µs, t = t = 8 µs, t = 0, t = 12 µs, t = t =
d ri fv1 fv2 s fi rv2
8 µs, t = 0. VCE (sat) = 1.0V at i = 20 A. Calculate switching & Conduction losses
rv1
in transistor.