OPEN ENDED LABORATORY

AC-DC CONVERTER
CONTROLLED HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER
WITH RL LOAD
Uson a/l Udom
171091054
School of Electrical System Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Pauh Putra, Perlis
usonsn24@gmail.com

Abstract— In this report, an effort is made
to design Single Phase Half Wave Rectifier with
RL Load using Simulink MATLAB simulation.
Using simulation we can get the graph of the
parameters (Output voltage and output current,
thyristor voltage and thyristor current).
I. INTRODUCTION
Controlled AC-DC rectifier circuits with thyristor
are usually used in programs requiring constantly
variable DC supplies from a few kilowatts to several
loads or hundreds of kilowatts. The thyristor switch
can be considered as a managed diode which is
turned on by way of the gate contemporary; some
milliamps will turn even the largest device ON,
when its anode to cathode voltage is positive. Once
the thyristor is fired or caused ON, the gate loses
control and the anode contemporary runs its course.
The thyristor turns OFF whilst the anode modern
falls to 0 or beneath a threshold close to zero,
introduced about AC deliver voltage reversal and the
load parameters. The thyristor, therefore, have to be
grew to become ON with the preferred firing angle
synchronously with every cycle of the AC deliver
voltage. The gate firing manage circuit is isolated
from the AC mains via a synchronizing transformer.
When turning on, the gate modern-day need to
persist till the anode present day reaches a
threshold referred to as the latching current. In
a few converter circuits, the firing pulses for
each thyristor are maintained for the meant
duration of conduction for the thyristor. The
firing angle , is normally described to be the
angle for which the output DC voltage is
maximum.
Single phase half-wave controlled rectifiers are
extensively employed in range of power
electronic based mostly converters. In
alternative words, section management is
control by considering the half-wave thyristor
circuit. In half wave Single section controlled
rectifier just one thyristor is used within the
circuit. It enclosed in between the AC supply
and also the load. The performance of the
controlled rectifier is depends on the kind and
parameters of the output (load) circuit.
The main application of those rectifiers involve
in speed control of DC motor. The one that
controls the provision voltage to regulate the
motor speed. The circuit of a dc motor fed by a
half-wave controlled rectifier by victimization
thyristor is shown below. The controlled
rectifying circuit is employed to properly
specific average worth of the applied voltage to
the motor. Such a bearing is obtained by
dominant the firing angle of the thyristor. once
the motor is working at its rated speed at a
planned applied voltage, there's associate
iatrogenic electromotive force (back emf)
within the motor forward that the induced
electromotive force is constant as a result of
little or no change within the motor's speed due
to high inertia, there's a minimum firing angle
at that the thyristor is turned on at its earliest.
Any firing angle larger that the minimum worth
is suitable. However, if the firing angle of the
thyristor is a smaller amount than the minimum
worth, the gating pulse would be elapsed the
time the thyristor is prepared to conduct.
 II. BACKGROUND OF STUDY Resistor: 2.29Ω
Inductor: 3.48mH
Single phase half-wave controlled rectifiers are Voltage rms: 230V
extensively used in number of power electronic Frequency: 50Hz
based converters. In its simplest form, phase control When α= 88.5° or 1.55 rads
can be described by considering the half-wave
thyristor circuit. In half wave Single phase
controlled rectifier only one SCR is employed in the 𝜔𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
circuit. It included in between the AC source and the 𝜔𝐿 = 2𝜋(50ℎ𝑧)(3.48𝑚𝐻)
load. The performance of the controlled rectifier 𝜔𝐿 = 1.093
very much depends upon the type and parameters of
the output (load) circuit. 𝑍 = √𝑅2 + (𝜔𝐿)2
They are used to provide an intermediate
unregulated dc voltage source which is further 𝑍 = √2.292 + (2𝜋(50ℎ𝑧)(3.48𝑚𝐻))2
processed to obtain a regulated dc or ac output. They 𝑍 = 2.54 Ω
have, in general, been proved to be efficient and
robust power stages. 𝜔𝐿
∅ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
A basic simple half wave rectifier with RL Load 𝑅
consists of a SCR, an inductor and a resistor. 2𝜋(50ℎ𝑧)(3.48𝑚𝐻)
∅ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2.29Ω
∅ = 25.52° or 0.445 rads

Finding 𝛽,
−𝑅
sin(𝛽 − ∅) − sin(𝛼 − ∅) 𝑒 𝜔𝐿 (𝛽−𝛼) = 0
−2.29
sin(𝛽 − 0.445) − sin(1.55 − 0.445) 𝑒 1.093 (𝛽−1.55)
𝛽 = 3.57 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠

Finding Average Output Voltage,

Figure 1: Half Wave Rectifier with Load 𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠α − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)
2𝜋
230(√2)
One of the important components for the half wave 𝑉𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠1.55 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3.57)
rectifier is the firing angle, α. It can be control 2𝜋
through a Silicon Controlled Relay or known as 𝑉𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 48.16 𝑉
SCR. The firing angle purpose is to control the point
of AC signal waveform when the SCR is going to be
triggered. The firing angle α, is control by varying Finding RMS Output Voltage,
the time of application gate pulses to the SCR. In this 𝑉𝑚 1 sin(2𝛽) − sin(2𝛼)
𝑉𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ (𝛽 − 𝛼) −
lab, we used software called Simulink. We can set √2 2𝜋 2
the firing angle α, by change it in the setting of the
𝑉𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠
SCR at the pulse generator. For this lab, the firing
angles (α) that has been used to get the same output 230(√2) 1 sin(2(3.57)) − sin(2(1.55))
= √ (3.57 − 1.55) −
value as the datasheet motor output is 88.5°. The √2 2𝜋 2
controlled rectifiers that give DC power have many 𝑉𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 118.32 𝑉
applications such as DC motor speed control, battery Finding Average Output Current,
charging and high voltage DC transmission. For this 𝑉𝑚
lab, I chose a 40V 14207 DC motor. 𝐼𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)
2𝜋𝑅
230(√2)
𝐼𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠1.55 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3.57)
III. METHODOLOGY 2𝜋(2.29)
𝐼𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 21.03 𝐴
A. Mathematical Calculations
The components value based on 40V 14207 DC
motor are:
Finding RMS Output Current, IV. DATA, OBSERVATION AND
𝐼𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠 SIMULATION RESULT
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 1 sin(𝛽 − 𝛼) cos(𝛼 + ∅ + 𝛽)
= √ ((𝛽 − 𝛼) − )
𝑍 2𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
A. Data ( Calculated and Measured)

𝐼𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 40.69 𝐴 When α= 88.5°

Parameter Calculated Measured
Finding Power Absorbed by Load,
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (𝐼𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 )𝑅 Vout, average 48.16 V 48.12 V
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (40.692 )2.29 Iout, average 21.03 A 21.02 A
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 3791.5 𝑊 Vout ,rms 118.32 V 118.4 V
Iout, rms 40.69 A 40.8 A
Finding Power Factor Pout 3791.5 W 3833 W
𝑃 Power Factor 0.405 0.408
𝑃𝑓 =
𝑆 Table 1: Output Result of Half Wave Rectifier with
(𝐼𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 )𝑅 RL load
𝑃𝑓 =
(𝑉𝑠, 𝑟𝑚𝑠)𝐼𝑜, 𝑟𝑚𝑠
(40.692 )2.29 B. Simulation Result (Waveform)
𝑃𝑓 =
(230)40.69
𝑃𝑓 = 0.405

B. Design Procedure

The application for this circuit design is for

industrial dc motor with high voltage input.
The design procedure are:
a. Design the suitable converter for electronic
circuit model
b. Use AC-DC converter for simulation
c. Construct Simulink schematic circuit based
on calculated value to stimulate the output
graph
d. Complete the design with suitable result

Figure 3: Result Waveform Half Wave Rectifier

with RL Load

C. Observation
In this have wave rectifier, inductance is used as
load. The load is assumed to be highly inductive.
Figure 2: Simulink Schematic Circuit of Half Wave
Rectifier (RL Load)
 Figure 4: Half Wave Rectifier with RL Load
Modes of Operation
MODE-1 (From 0 to π)
the positive terminal of the supply and the cathode
is connected to negative terminal of supply and the
thyristor is forward biased.
load current will increase in a finite-time through the
inductive load. The supply voltage from this instant
appears across the load..
gradual. Energy is stored in inductor during time t01
to t1.
voltage reverses, but the thyristor
is kept conducting because current through the
inductance cannot be reduced to zero.
MODE-2 (From π to 2 π)
the negative terminal of the supply and the cathode
is connected to positive terminal of supply and the
thyristor is reverse biased.
the inductance is dissipated in the load-resistor and
a part of the energy is fed-back to the source.
current continues to flow up to instant t11. At instant
t11, the load-current is zero and due to negative
supply voltage, thyristor turns-off.
above cycle repeats.
the conduction period of SCR.
Figure 5: Waveform Half Wave Rectifier (RL Load)
V. DISCUSSION
For discussion, the output voltage for a 40V 14207
DC motor has been calculated and observed as the
datasheet details. For this Half Wave Rectifier with
RL Load, the observation has been done and the
discussion for this laboratory is the circuit consist of
thyristor, a voltage source, and inductive load and a
resistive load. During the positive half cycle of the
input voltage, the thyristor is forward biased but it
does not conduct until a gate signal is applied to it.
When a gate pulse is given to the thyristor at 𝜔𝑡 =
𝛼 = 88.5 degree at this circuit, it get turned ON and
begin to conduct. When the thyristor is ON, the input
voltage is applied to the load but due to the inductor
present in the load, the current through the load
builts up slowly. During the negative half cycle, the
thyristor get reverse biased but the current through
the thyristor is not zero due to the inductor. The
current through the thyristor are slowly decay to zero
and when the load current is falls below holding
current, its get turned OFF. So, the thyristor will
conduct for a few duration in the negative half cycle
and turn s OFF at 𝜔𝑡 = 𝛽 which is 3.57 rads in this
circuit. The angle 𝛽 is called extinction angle. The
duration from 𝛼 to 𝛽 is called conduction angle. So,
the load will receives voltage only during the
positive half cycle and for a small duration in
negative half cycle. The average value of output
voltage can be varied by varying the firing angle 𝛼
which has been varying to 88.5 degree to get 48V
average output voltage. The waveform in the Figure
3 shows the plot of output voltage, output current
and gate current across the thyristor.
 VI. CONCLUSION Soft Computing Models in Industrial
In conclusion, AC to DC controlled half-wave and Environmental Applications (pp.
rectifier has been done analysed through the 249-256).
simulations. The additionally studied concerning
application of AC-DC converters, keeping our main
specialise in ac to dc controlled half-wave rectifier iv. Khader, S., Hadad, A., & Abu-Aisheh,
convertor circuits. From this laboratory, large data A. A. (2011, April). The application of
concerning Simulink package throughout the project psim & matlab/simulink in power
has been gained, wherever we tend to administrated electronics courses. In 2011 IEEE
all our circuit construction and simulation severally. Global Engineering Education
In short, Controlled Half-Wave Rectifier with Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 118-
Resistive and Inductive Load (RL Load) is 121). IEEE.
employed to convert fastened voltage, fastened
frequency ac power offer into dc variable output
voltage based on the firing angle. Next, the v. Memon, A. P., Zafar, A., Keerio, M.
fashionable ac to dc power converters are designed U., Adil, W. A., & Ali, A. A. (2014).
using high power, high current thyristor and Experimental Study and Analysis of
presently most of the ac-dc power converters are Harmonics Generation in
thyristorised power converters. The thyristor devices Uncontrolled and Controlled Rectifier
are part controlled to get a variable dc output voltage Converters. International Journal of
across the output load terminals. The part controlled Scientific & Engineering Research,
thyristor convertor uses ac line commutation 5(1), 1343-1350.
(natural commutation) for commutating (turning
off) the thyristor that are turned ON. The most
application of those rectifiers additionally concerned
in speed control of DC motor. The controlled
rectifying circuit is employed to properly tailor the
typical voltage worth of the applied voltage to the
motor by controlling the firing angle of the thyristor.
Lastly, all the objectives of this laboratory has been
achieved.

VII. REFERENCES

i. Calvo-Rolle, J. L., Quintian-Pardo, H.,

Corchado, E., del Carmen Meizoso-
López, M., & García, R. F. (2015).
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single-phase half wave controlled
rectifier with resistive and inductive
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ii. Nitta, T., Hasegawa, T., Shirai, Y., &

Okada, T. (1994). AC characteristics
of a magnetically controlled
superconducting switch and a half-
wave rectifier circuit. IEEE
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iii. Calvo-Rolle, J. L., Quintián, H.,

Corchado, E., & Ferreiro-García, R.
(2013). Intelligent model to obtain
current extinction angle for a single
phase half wave controlled rectifier
with resistive and inductive load. In
DC MOTOR DATASHEET
PART/MODEL NUMBER (14207 48.0V)