Slum Development Project of Dhaka City

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY
Assignment on
Slum Development Project of Dhaka City
Course Title: Production and operations management
Course code: MGT3131
Semester: Spring
Section: 01
Submitted to:
Syeda Khadiza Akter
Lecturer & Coordinator
Southeast Business School,
Southeast University
Submitted by:
Name ID
Md. Aminul Islam 2017110000025
Prince Paul Joy 2017110000011
Abdullah Araf 2017110000017
Ashfaqur Rahman Rafsan 2017210000095
Md.Taijul Islam 2017010000318

Submission Date-17/03/2020
Letter of Transmittal

17 th March, 2020

Syeda Khadiza Akter

Lecturer & Coordinator

Southeast Business School,

Southeast University

Banani, Dhaka-1213.

Subject: Submission of Slum Development Project.

Dear Madam,

With due respect, we are the students of “Production Operation Management” in section-1 of
Southeast Business School under Southeast University. You have given an assignment on Project
Development.

Tools and Technique Applied or the development of slum In the Dhaka city , for the fulfillment
of requirement of this Course.We have tried our level best to prepare this assignment. Now we
want to submit our Assignment for your approval.

Therefore, we hope lacking of observation and failure of expression will be kindly evaluated.

Sincerely Yours,

All the group members

 Acknowledgement
We have given efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals. We would like to extend Our sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to Syeda Khadiza Akter for her guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in
completing the project. We would like to express our gratitude towards our parents & Faculty
members of Southeast University for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helps us
in completion of this project.
 Executive Summary
In 2019, for the first time in history, half of the population in Asia will be urban accounting for
54% of the world’s urban population. While China and India drive these numbers and our
attention, the full constellation of countries in Asia offer insights into the challenges and
opportunities for health in urban settings. Bangladesh provides a striking portrait of urbanization.
One-third of the current population lives in urban areas up from 5% in the 1960s,and projections
suggest it will exceed 50% by 2050.Slum settlements have proliferated as part of this trend with
a recent census counting approximately 1639 slums in (DNCC).Beside these there are 1755
slums in (DSCC).Although these settlements differ in size, they share certain characteristics;
including a steady migration of the poor from rural areas (accounting for half of the residents of
slums),overcrowding, rising inequalities, environmental hazards, inadequate infrastructure, and a
limited and disorganized health care system.

Dhaka is one of the fastest growing mega cities in the world. From the rural area mostly, a large
number of new migrants (who are predominantly poor) arrive at Dhaka on an annual basis. These
people come to Dhaka with an aspiration to live a better life with different opportunities and
better facilities, which has the likelihood to improve their living standards. This rising population
tends to contribute to Dhaka's economic growth quite significantly in areas like the much-needed
labor to manufacturing, services and in many other sectors.

The urbanization process increases Dhaka's demand for health, habitat, water sanitation and
many other factors. However, unless the situation is handled by measures like enacting new
policies, planning new development programs or similar other means it would create tremendous
pressure on the already limited habitation, infrastructure, employment opportunities and many
others resources. Therefore, Dhaka is likely to face tremendous challenges in expanding the
boundary and intensifying the existing infrastructure and avoiding deterioration of living
standards resulting from congestion.

Local Government, Rural Development and Co- operatives (LGRD&C) Minister Md Tazul
Islam on Sunday told parliament that around 6, 46,000 people are now living in 3,394 slums in
Dhaka city. The minister was replying to a written question from ruling Awami League MP, Haji
M Salim, reports UNB. He said the government is implementing various projects to improve the
living standards and health care of  poor people living in the slums.
 Table Of Content
Serial No. Topic Page NO
1 (Ch-1 Introduction) 06

(Ch-2 Methodology) 07
2
Chapter:3 (Analysis and 08
3 Findings)

Background and Project 10

4 Concept

Dhaka city slum 13

5 development project

6 Project Monitoring and 17

Controlling

7 Chapter :04 22
(Recommendation and
Conclusion)

8 Reference 25
 (Ch-1 Introduction)

Aims and Objectives of the Project

The Aim of the Project

The aim of the study is to explore and analyze the two slum development projects, the “Urban
Basic Service Delivery Project” (UBSDP) and the “Water and Sanitation Rehabilitation Support
to the Flood Affected Slums of Dhaka City” project and to find out if their activities comply with
their pre-set goals and objectives or not.

Objectives of the Project

1) To understand the extent and types o f impact of the slum development projects on the
dwellers’ livelihood and come to a conclusion whether a better standard of living is reached at
as a result of these programs intervention or not,

2) To Asses whether the objectives are fulfilled or not, and

3) To discern the inherent capacity o f the two projects and formulate some recommendations for
future projects to sustain.

Limitations of the Project`s study

1)The time was limited to complete the project

2)Lack of Availability of the information

 (Ch-2 Methodology)
Reconnaissance Survey

A. Sources of Data

A detailed inspection or investigation or a general comprehensive view were undertaken before

the research. This was assumed to be representative of a whole. Two methods of Reconnaissance
Survey were conducted; 1) Above the Ground and 2) On the Ground. Land sat satellite images of
the site was studied with the help of Google earth, 2006 in case of ‘Above the Ground’ and a
surface reconnaissance survey was used by considering the opinions of a small number of
samples drawn from the study areas and through observation etc.
 Chapter:3 (Analysis and Findings)

Areas Of Slum Development In Dhaka City

Dhaka South City Corporation Area:There are 1,755 slums with 1,47,056 population in
Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC).A total number of 426 slums are located under Khilgaon
Police Station, 278 Lalbagh, 265 Kamrangirchar, 243 Hajaribagh and 165 under Jatrabari Police
Station.Beside those there are 378 no of slums are located in different places.

Dhaka North City Corporation Area: There are 1,639 slums with 4,99,011 population
under Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC). In DNCC, a total of 472 slums are located under
Adabar Police Station, 284 Mohammadpur, 168 Rampura, 138 Shere Bangla Nagar, and 121
under Badda Police Station. Beside those there are 456 no of slums are located in different
places.

Reason Behind Upgrading Slum

Slum improvement as it is also called:

In low income urban communities may suggest many things, but at its simplest it has come to
mean a package of basic services, i.e. clean water supply and adequate sewage disposal to
improve the well being of the community. It is also important to legalize and regularize the
properties in situations of insecure or unclear tenure. Upgrading customarily provides a package
o f improvements in streets,footpaths and drainage as well. Solid waste collection is frequently
included with its positive impact on health, along with street lights for security and night activity.
Electricity to homes is often initiated later by private companies.

In the beginning the physical improvements only gets the priority in any development work.Here
health issues need to be addressed by providing clinics and health education programs, school
facilities and teacher training are needed to attack the lack of basic education and programs are
offered to increase income earning opportunities and the general economic health of a
community comes at last. Upgrading is the start to becoming a recognized citizen for the slum
dwellers.So that Bangladesh Government has taken some projects to upgrading slum which are
in the Dhaka city.
 Demand For Upgrading Slum

There is a huge demand for upgrading slum.Because the peoples who are living to the slum are
not rich as there is a huge demand to live a better life.Besides these they want a better quality of
life like food,house,and leading a life just like to other people who are not living to the slum.As
the Government see that if they can upgrade the slum in the Dhaka city they can find manpower
as well as the quality of peoples life also be upgrading. Slums lack the most basic infrastructure
and services, causing occupants to be exposed to disease and vulnerable to natural disasters.
Slum and squatter settlements are growing at alarming rates. They are the products of failed
policies, bad governance, corruption, inappropriate regulation, dysfunctional land markets,
unresponsive financial systems, and a fundamental lack of political will. Each of these failures
adds to the toll on people already deeply burdened by poverty and constrains the enormous
potential for human development that urban life offers.

Benefits Of Upgrading Slum

The urban slums are often faced with the threat o f eviction or often they are displaced from one
location to another in the name of development but slum upgradations are much more
beneficial.The benefits are simply that people obtain an improved, healthy and secure living
environment without being displaced. The investments they have already made to their
properties remain and are- enhanced - this is significantly better than removing them to costlier
alternatives that are less acceptable to them for different socio-economic reasons. Recognizing
title and security o f tenure makes a positive contribution to both the economic prospects of the
poor, as well as to the national economy. Experience has shown that slum upgrading projects are
associated with social and economic benefits that are particularly high.

The Ineffectiveness Of Slum Relocation

The reality is the fact that relocation does not work because adequate open land at affordable
prices to the public sector cannot be found at suitable locations for the low-income residents who
will occupy it. They are too far from employment areas (especially the casual employment on
which many depend). Also, many people are already employed near their homes where
relocations only make it hard for them to get new employment. The time spent for looking for
new employment adds to a net loss for them too.
 Background and Project Concept

Slum Improvement Project (SIP) is an urban development project supported by UNICEF and
implemented by LGED with City Corporations and Pourashavas It is being implemented in
Dhaka south City Corporation and Dhaka north city corporation. In this project the technical
support is provided by LGED while Government of Bangladesh provides the financial support.
The project became operative in the year 2020 and ended in march 2025.The SIP is a project
whose ultimate goal is to improve the quality o f life of the sector of urban poor who live in the
urban slums. The aim of the project is to benefit the urban poor household with focus on
men,women and children Local Partnership approach for Urban Development in Bangladesh.

(1)Project Initiation:

Feasibility Study

SIP, is a project which aims at improving the quality of life of the slum dwellers particularly of
the men, women and the children. It also aims at building the capacity of the local government so
that they can efficiently provide the poor with their services. The SIP project also work for the up
gradation of the (DSCC) and (DNCC) slum.

Project Cost

3,782,516,500 BD Taka only

Goal Of The Project

There are six specific goals of the project:

(i)To increase the capacities of municipalities and city corporations to work with urban poor
communities in planning and providing basic services.

(ii)To promote self-reliant and sustainable community development efforts through the
mobilization of community resources and access to government services.

(iii)To involve poor slum women in income-generating activities for their own benefits.

(iv)To improve nutrition and health conditions for children and women through the provision
of an integrated basic service package.

(v)To improve overall living conditions in the slums.

(vi)To develop comprehensive national policies and plans to promote the benefits and
possibilities of extending basic services to the urban poor.
Project Planning
The following Strategics are followed for project planning:

 Planning and operation: SIP along with implementing partners (IP) has form a central
coordinating team. This team is responsible to plan and shall provide all sorts of support
to the IP to implement the project activities. Besides SIP has also discharged its
supervisory functions through central coordination team. Field staff has oriented properly
to discharge the project activities.

 Community based organization: Members o f the CBO/community group has involved

in the project implementation cycle (planning, implementation and supervision
monitoring).

 Local level coordination: Local govt, institution like Dhaka City has discussed in the
local coordination committee.

 Financing:The whole cost of the project will be given by the Bangladesh Government.

Project Execution
Role of User Group (Infrastructure Committee)

Community is the important key stakeholder of the proposed urban water and sanitation
rehabilitation project. Thus the foundation o f the program lies on catering ‘community identified
priority needs' following flood through participation of all the stakeholders. In view of the above,
emphasis has been given to strengthen community capacity building to participate in
implementation of development projects. The CBOs formed with women's leadership, were
facilitated by the respective NGOs active in the different slums to:

 Promote improved general hygiene practices in the community

 Operate and maintain the water and sanitation projects.

 Collect water fees.
 Take responsibilities for Human Resource Development for managing the water systems.
Implementation Arrangement of the SIP

The management and implementation structure of the SIP consists of three committees, namely,
the Central Coordination Committee (CCC) at the national level, the Project Implementation
Committee (PIC) at the municipal level, and the Sub-Project Implementation Committee (SPIC)
at the slum community level. The institutional structure for slum activities are given below:

Central Coordination Committee:

At the national level, there is the inter-ministerial CCC, headed by the secretary of the local
government division, who advises and assists in the formulation of policies and procedures,
and coordinates technical, financial, and policy support for the project at the national level.

Project Implementation Committee:

At city and municipal levels, there are the PICs, which play the most important roles in the
implementation of the project. PICs are responsible for the management and coordination of the
project activities, and maintain the linkages between the CCC and the SPICs, which are
responsible for project implementation. Within the institutional arrangement of Dhaka at the PIC
level, the Chief Slum Development Officer (CSDO), acting as Project Manager, and the
Community Organizers (COs) are the key people at the implementation level, through which the
activities and concepts take shape. The CSDO, being a core municipal staff member, is
responsible for all major development and maintenance activities in the municipality, in addition
to his SIP duties.

Sub-Project Implementation Committee:

The SPICs, comprising beneficiaries and headed by an elected official, are responsible for the
execution of the project in urban poor communities. The SPICs regularly review
progressmaintain records, and handle finances for the project activities in their areas.
Sl Name of Total project No. of slum Implement No of families Donor
the project cost (Cr)BDT action period
1 Urban Basic 87,965,500 3394 2020-2025 175,931 ADB
Service
2 Municipal - 3394 2020-2025 175,931 ADB
Services
3 Urban 175,931,000 3394 2020-2025 175,931 UNICEF
Poverty
Reduction
Project

4 Secondary 3518,620,000 3394 2020-2025 175,931 ADB

Towns
Infrastructure
Development
Project

Dhaka city slum development project

 Development of The project phase-1(DSCC)

Sl Name of Total project No. of slum Implement No of Donor

the project cost (Cr)BDT action period families
1 Slum 1260,838,833 1755 2020-2022 40,591 ADB
improvement
project
(Phase1)

2 Secondary 718,426,685.6598 1755 2020-2022 40,591 UNICEF

Towns 2
Infrastructure
Development
Project-1
(Slum
Improvement
Component)

3 Urban 1,260,120,406,647 1755 2020-2022 40,591 UNICEF

Poverty
Reduction
Project
 Development of the project phase-2(DNCC)

Sl Name of Total project No. of slum Implement No of Donor

the project cost (Cr)BDT action period families
1 Slum 2,521,677,667 1639 2023-2025 1,35,340 ADB
improvement
project
(Phase2)

2 Secondary 1,538,546.471 1639 2023-2025 1,35,340 UNICEF

Towns
Infrastructure
Development
Project-1
(Slum
Improvement
Component)

3 Urban 252,013,9120.529 1639 2023-2025 1,35,340 UNICEF

Poverty
Reduction
Project

The challenge of modeling, monitoring and controlling slums

As discussed above, slums continue to persist, although many attempts have been made to curb
their growth over the past several decades. Some of the main reasons identified for their
continued persistence include locational choice factors, rural-to-urban migration, poor urban
governance and ill-designed policies. This section will argue that in order to investigate fully
these various factors more holistically, two broad but interrelated challenges must first be
addressed. The first issue relates to arriving at a consensus with respect to what is a slum. Once a
definition has been derived, a set of measures can then be formulated in order to quantify the
various aspects that characterize slums. Based on these measures, it is then possible to define the
types and characteristics of the data required to analyze and monitor slums. This second issue is
discussed.

Remote sensing

While remote sensing is not a new technology, the current and continued advancement of remote
sensing makes it a sustainable source of information on slums and, therefore, an important
opportunity to improve our ability to map and monitor slums. The most notable application of
remote sensing as it relates to slums has been the capturing of their different surface
characteristics, represented in the form of geospatial images. These images are then used to
detect, identify and monitor slums in both space and time, allowing for greater understanding of
their physical manifestations. In addition, remote sensing provides an unobtrusive method for
collecting physical data on slums, and in some cases provides the only source of available
information for some slums.
 Project Monitoring and Controlling

UDC (Urban Development

Center)

Caretaker

Health Worker Trainer/Teacher-1 Trainer/Teacher-2 Guard

Community Organizer

Health Worker Trainer/Teacher

National Level :

There is a Central Coordination Committee (CCC) at the national level. Sanitary o f the Local
Government Division (Ministry of LGED and Cooperatives) was the Chairperson of the Project
while PD o f the UBSDP was the Member secretary o f CCC. The CCC had a total number o f 46
members and it drew its members from all concerned agencies. The CCC attempted to ensure
that, the services provided by the various government and non-government organizations and
private sectors are such co-coordinated that services at the UDCs are available for the
beneficiaries. Other than this the CCC is responsible for reviewing the process of the project,
identify constraints, prepare guidelines and provide feedback. For coordination CCC meet every
four months and made field visits whenever it was needed.

City Level:

A committee called the Project Coordination Committee on the PCC at the city level coordinated
the activities of the project. The Mayor or Chairman of the concerned City Corporation or
Pourashavas was the Chairperson of PCC. while the Chief Executive Officers of City
Corporations on Pourashavas were the Member Secretary o f their respective PCC. The PCCs
responsibility involved co-coordinating the city level UBSDP activities. These activities were
reviewed bimonthly by PCC, which also provided guidelines for implementation.

Ward Level :

The ward level activities arc coordinated by the Project Implementation Committee or PIC. The
Ward Commissioner o f the respective ward chaired the PIC. The UDC care taken was worked
as the secretary o f the committee. The membership o f the committee consists o f all officials
from different government agencies, NGOs, Voluntary and community organization at this level.
Under PIC. there are sub-committees or primary education, primary health care, water And
sanitation community participation and social welfare. PIC met once every month and had the
responsibility o f all ward level activities.
 Central Co-ordination Committee (CCC)
National level: Local Government Division, M/O LGRD & C
Chairman : Secretary, Local
Government Division.
Member-Secretary : Project Director, SIP
Member : Relevant Agency Head /
Ministry Representative (8 nos.)

Project Implementation Committee (PIC)

(Local level : City corporation)
Chairman : Municipality Chairman /
Mayor of City Corporation
Member-Secretary : Project Manager, SIP.
Member : Ward Commissioner, District
and SPIC Representatives.

Sub-Project Implementation Committee (SPIC)

(Community level in each slum)
Chairman : Elected from Community
Vice-Chairman : Elected from Community
(one of the two must be woman)
Member-Secretary : Community Organizer
Member : Group Leaders

Working Group (Only Women)

(Women community group)
Group Leader : Elected from Group
Secretary : Elected from Group
Member : Women family heads

Output Of The Project:

Alleviation of Poverty, improved environmental condition and improved social condition in the
slum communities are the major outputs of the project (And the final out put of the project result
we will get after 2025).

Impacts of the Project:

Major impacts which the SIP has effected in eighteen slum areas around Dhaka are here
summarized in various categories.

The social sector:

A strong mutual respect and sense of unity among slum dwellers has been created, along with an
increase in self-confidence and awareness. Respect for women within the family and the
community has been dramatically enhanced, and there have been great improvements to the
general law and order in the area. Non-social and anti-social activities have declined, with
accompanying increases in the development and awareness of education among adults and
children. Also, there is a growing awareness of the issues of marriage dowries, child marriages,
and family planning.

The economic sector:

The encouragement of habits leading to increased savings among poor people has resulted in the
creation of funds that can be put to use for the benefit of communities. The credit scheme
introduced by the SIP has led to enhanced economic activity among women, and increased
incomes for families. Also, facilities have been provided for self-employment through "needs-
based" training.

The environmental sector:

Many urban infrastructure facilities have been provided for the direct improvement of slum
dwellers' environmental conditions. Such improvements include the installation of tube wells for
the supply of safe water and the construction of drains to facilitate the removal of contaminated
water. Dustbins have been installed to keep the area free of solid waste and bad smells, and
footpaths have been built to keep mothers and their children out of damp atmospheres. Sanitary
latrine facilities for use by all family members have been constructed, as well as community
latrines cum bio-gas plants, to promote a more sustainable balance between the environment and
the requirements of the population.
The political sector:

There have been noticeable improvements in institutional consciousness among women within
the project areas, and also in the overall consciousness of civil rights. As well, methods which
facilitate the creation and exposure of leadership have been devised.

Project Closure: So the project that has been evaluated for the up gradation of Dhaka north city
corporation and Dhaka South City Corporation slums .For upgrading the existing slums the
allocated resources that has been given by ADB and UNICEF, So this project will be
implemented for the up gradation of all the Dhaka city .So the project will take 5 years from
2020-2025 .After the completed project the benefits of the up gradation of slums will come to
the peoples eye. And the living quality of people will change and it will impact the overall
standard quality of the Dhaka city. And we will make this project happened within the time that
we have promised .And the benefits of the project will also improve the Countries condition .
 Chapter :04 (Recommendation and Conclusion)
Recommendations
The poor people living in the slums of an urban area should be treated as a component of the
entire city dwellers, not as an isolated caste or group as they contribute a lion share to the city’s
income from its economic activities at different sectors Naturally. accordingly, then disserve to
have necessary access to health and education and main other services such as safe drinking
water, pruner health care, sanitation, electricity. gas. environmental sanitation and services like
organized waste disposal basic to human needs.

rises services may be provided by the Public Sector Institutions. Local government Agencies and
Non Government Organization. Approaches to development activities adopted by the public
sector agencies and NGOs are however different While the former follow largely a top down
approach, the latter follow mainly a bottom up approach. Coordination between these two sets of
organization is lacking which hinders development. Government agencies should change their
strategy and act more as enables than as provider. A new approach on process of new design is
required in planning, activities and functions of the public/semi public and local government
organizations I his new approach should act at strategic, local and community level by involving
people from communities In fact the government should encourage and facilitate NGOs and
CBOs to expand their involvement in the urban poor community

Conclusion
Slums are a common feature of any developing city in Third world countries. Slums are often
viewed as a view of life; a sub-culture within the set of norms and values which are reflected in
poor sanitation and health practices, deviant behavior and characteristics attributes apathy and
social isolation. Slums are characterized by illiteracy, ignorance, ill health, inertia, indebtedness,
and insanitation mounting on a swampy, shanty and shadow area where sub-human conditions
prevail. The slum dwellers feel that they are social cast-offs and live with friction, insecurity,
drunkenness and other deviant habits. Slum dwellers can be economically valuable citizens, as
they contribute to the city’s overall growth by accepting low wages and rendering essential
services to the urban community without making any special demand on the scare financial
resources of the urban local bides. Nonetheless, there should be public intervention to check
the growth of slums and ameliorate the living conditions of the slum dwellers which
subsequently leads to slum improvement programs
Slums in Mysore City have their own peculiarities. They certainly differed from each other in
terms of location, size of population and background. But they also held something in common.
All of them represented a culture of poverty and were noticeable for their lack of civic amentias.
This stood out against the backdrop of the progressive character of the Mysore City. This apart,
these slums have a predominance of migrants

The study indicate the scope of slum clearance should be enlarged to embrace slum improvement
by providing them minimum amenities like sanitary-latrines, drainage, uncontaminated water
supply, approach roads, paved streets and lighting, in order to prevent them from spoiling both
the physical and social environment and also uplifting them from a degrading quality of life.
Slum dwellers are more prone to disease because of the sub- human conditions, which prevail
due to unawareness and neglect. In order to solve this, proper efforts to educate them in the
direction of health and hygiene should be made. In computing this shortage, the fundamental
assumption was that each household should have a .pucca. Dwelling unit, a reasonably
permanent structure to provide minimum standards of comfort and safety. The prevailing ideas
of wholesale slum clearance and construction of costly housing must be abandoned and new
ideas must be developed to solve the shelter problem and improve physical environments and the
slum life. The fact that emergence of slums, is the result of social degeneration and economic
poverty cannot be ignored. The approach therefore has to be such that taking into consideration
both the physical environments and the social and economic status of the slum dwellers its
execution should involve no harassment, no adverse effect on the socio-economic conditions of
the slum dwellers. Finally, .what is equally essential, is the need for talking to these people, for
making them feel acceptable, for telling the women folk how they can keep their home and
children clean, for telling the children what games to play, for telling the men what work awaits
them in the world beyond the one. We discussed the need for attitudinal shifts and emphasizing
the functionalist dimension of slums as a prerequisite to an alternative slum improvement
approach. Slums, in a way, can be seen as the result of misplaced policy objectives that are not
centred on equitable growth. An ideal policy would therefore be that which to addresses these
maladies and proposes schemes that minds the future generations as well. The slum dwellers
should be seen not just as the beneficiaries, but as the Primary Stakeholders. Public policies
would thereby have to accept human beings as the focal point of development and reconsider
their current thrust on the physical built environment.
 Reference
1/ NEWS Papers

2/https://www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/presscenter/pressrele
ases/2019/04/07/housing-solutions-for-the-urban-poor-in-bangladesh.html

3/ https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2864

4/ https://bip.org.bd/SharingFiles/journal_book/20170119110311.pdf