India

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This article is about the Republic of India. For other uses, see India
(disambiguation).
"Bharat" redirects here. For other uses, see Bharat (disambiguation).
Republic of India
Bharat Ga?arajya
(see other local names)
Horizontal tricolour flag bearing, from top to bottom, deep saffron, white, and
green horizontal bands. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel with
24 spokes.
Flag
Three lions facing left, right, and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a
galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto: "???????
????".
State emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana"[2][3]
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[4][2]
MENU0:00
National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][2]
Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.
Area controlled by India shown in dark green;
regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green
Capital New Delhi
28�36?50?N 77�12?30?E
Largest city Mumbai (city proper)
Delhi (metropolitan area)
Official languages
HindiEnglish[b][7]
Recognised regional languages
State level and
Eighth Schedule[8][show]
National language None[9][10][11]
Religion (2011)
79.8% Hinduism
14.2% Islam
2.3% Christianity
1.7% Sikhism
0.7% Buddhism
0.4% Jainism
0.23% Unaffiliated
0.65% others[12]
See Religion in India
Demonym(s) Indian
Membership UN, WTO, BRICS, SAARC, SCO, G4 nations, Group of Five, G8+5, G20,
Commonwealth of Nations
Government Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
� President
Ram Nath Kovind
� Vice President
Venkaiah Naidu
� Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
� Chief Justice
Sharad Arvind Bobde
� Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Om Birla
� Leader of the Rajya Sabha
Thawar Chand Gehlot
Legislature Parliament
� Upper house
Rajya Sabha
� Lower house
Lok Sabha
Independence from the United Kingdom
� Dominion
15 August 1947
� Republic
26 January 1950
Area
� Total
3,287,263[2] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[c] (7th)
� Water (%)
9.6
Population
� 2018 estimate
Increase1,352,642,280[13][14] (2nd)
� 2011 census
1,210,854,977[15][16] (2nd)
� Density
406.2/km2 (1,052.1/sq mi) (19th)
GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
� Total
Increase $12.363 trillion[17] (3rd)
� Per capita
Increase $9,027[17] (118th)
GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
� Total
Increase $3.202 trillion[17] (5th)
� Per capita
Increase $2,338[17] (139th)
Gini (2013) 33.9[18]
medium � 79th
HDI (2018) Increase 0.647[19]
medium � 129th
Currency Indian rupee (?) (INR)
Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)
DST is not observed
Date format
dd-mm-yyyy
yyyy-mm-dd[d]
Mains electricity 230 V�50 Hz
Driving side left
Calling code +91
ISO 3166 code IN
Internet TLD .in (others)
India (Hindi: Bharat), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bharat Ga?arajya),
[20] is a country in South Asia. It is the second-most populous country, the
seventh-largest country by area, and the most populous democracy in the world.
Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the
Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;
[e] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east.
In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its
Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000
years ago.[21] Their long occupation, initially in varying forms of isolation as
hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse, second only to Africa in
human genetic diversity.[22] Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the
western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into
the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE.[23] By 1200 BCE, an
archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, had diffused into India from
the northwest, unfolding as the language of the Rigv