Mathematics

USEFUL CONCEPTS - I

SECTION - A (Only one alternative is correct)

1. The three factors of ax 4 + x 3 + bx 2 - 4x + c are x + 1, x - 2, 2x - 1. Then fourth factor will be
(a) x - 1 (b) x - 2 (c) x + 1 (d) x + 2
2 2 2
2. Let p, q, r are real numbers then value of p + 9q + 16r - 3pq - 12qr - 4rp will always be
(a) positive (b) negative (c) non-positive (d) non-negative
3. If a - b = 3 and a3 - b3  117, then a  b is equal to
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11
4. a  x  x2  1 then x =
(a) a2 - 1 (b) (a2 - 1) / 2 (c) 2a / (a 2 - 1 ) (d) (a 2 - 1) / 2a
5. The exponent of 3 in 100! is
(a) 33 (b) 44 (c) 48 (d) 52
4 3 2
6. The value of n for which expression 9x - 12x + nx - 8x + 4 becomes a perfect square, is
(a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 24
7. If 2x 2 + xy - 3y 2 + x + ay - 10 = (2x + 3y + b)(x - y - 2), the value of a and b are
(a) 11 and 5 (b) 1 and -5 (c) -1 and -5 (d) -11 and 5
8. 7 124 has the unit digit
(a) 7 (b) 1 (c) 9 (d) 4
9. Let n(>1) be a positive integer, then the largest integer m such that  nm  1 divides

(1 + n + n 2 + .......n 127 ) is
(a) 32 (b) 63 (c) 64 (d) 127
10. 4n
4 -5 3n
n  N will be divisible by
(a) 130 (b) 131 (c) 132 (d) 133
x 2 y 2 z2
11. If x + y + z = 0 then + + equals
yz zx xy
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) N.O.T.
1
12. The value of ∑1 + x p-q
+ x p-r + x p-s
equals
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) x
13. The number of zeros at the end of 1994 ! will be
(a) 490 (b) 495 (c) 500 (d) 505

SECTION - B (Short answers type)

14. Prove that there is no prime number p for which the numbers p + 2 and p + 5 are both
prime.
15. Show that the difference between any number and its square is even.
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 1 1
16. If x  is an integer, prove that xn  n is also an integer for all n  N.
x x
17. Prove that n n  1 n  5 is a multiple of 6.
Show that n  n - 1 3n  2 is divisible by 24.
2
18.
19. Prove that n5 - 5n3  4n is divisible by 120 n  N .
20. Prove that for any odd natural number n, the number n 12 - n 8 - n 4 + 1 is divisible by 512.
21. Show that every number and its cube when divided by 6 leave the same remainder.
22. If x and y are positive integers, and if x - y is even, show that x 2 - y 2 is divisible by 4.
Prove that n  n - 1 5n  2 is divisible by 24 n  N .
2
23.
24. Prove that product of three consecutive positive integers, first of which is even is divisible
by 24.
25. Find a digit A for which the number 12347A is exactly divisible by (i) 4 (ii) 8.
26. Prove that sum of square of two successive integers when divided by 4 has a remainder 1.
27. Prove that when divided by 8, the square of an odd number gives 1 as a remainder.
28. If a + b + c is divisible by 6 then prove that a3  b3  c3 is also divisible by 6  a, b, c  N .
29. Find out whether the following numbers are coprime : 51 and 76
30. Prove that if n is any natural number, n2  1 is not divisible by 3.
31. Find all five digit numbers of the form 34X5Y which are divisible by 45.
32. Find least integer multiplier which makes 7623 a perfect cube.
33. Find integers x & y such that  x  2  y - 1  4.
34. Three factors of px 4 + qx 3 + 6x 2 - 4x + r are x + 1, x - 2, 2x - 1 . Find the value of p, q, r and
the fourth factor.
35. Prove that 111
 ..........
  ......
 1 - 222
 ..........
 ... 2 is square of an integer.
2 n times n times

3 2
36. Find the value of ‘a’ if the division of ax + 9x + 4x - 10 by x + 2 leaves a remainder -10.
37. Which is the greater out of 17 14 and 31 11 .
38. Prove that 4.100400 + 1 is composite number.
39. If x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 6 has (x - 2) as a factor & leaves a remainder 3, when divided by  x - 3 ,
Find a & b.
40. Prove that if a  b is divisible by 3, then a3 - b3 is divisible by 9 a & b  N .
41. Find all a,b, for which the polynomial 20x 4 - 3x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 18 is exactly divisible by
x2  9 . Find the other factors.
42. There is a natural number which becomes a perfect square on adding 100 to it & becomes
another perfect square on adding 168 to it. Find that natural number.
43. If a,b,c are +ve real numbers, then prove that a3 + b3 + c 3 - 3abc is always non-negative.
44. Prove that for even ‘n’, n (n 2 + 20 ) is divisible by 48.

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 n n n n
45. Prove that for every positive integer n, 1 + 8 - 3 - 6 is divisible by 10.
46. Prove that for any natural number n > 3, at least one of number n, n+2 and n+4 is not prime.
47. Prove that the following numbers are irrational : log 2 7, log 4 18, tan 10 0 .
48. Given that the numbers x, y & x  y are rational, prove that x & y are also rational
numbers.
49. Prove that square of any prime number p>3, when divided by 12, gives 1 as a reminder.
2 2
50. Prove that if x, y, z, a, b are real quantities and  x  y - z   a - b  3  xy - yz - zx - ab then
prove that a  b  0 and x = y = -z
51. Prove that if natural number ‘a’ is sum of square of two unequal natural numbers then ‘2a’ is
also sum of squares of two unequal natural numbers.
52. Prove that for any natural number n, 2903n - 803n - 464n  261n is divisible by 1897
53. Find all the integral solutions  x, y  I satisfying
(a) xy  5x - 3  1 (b) x  y2  1  48 (c) 2x 2 - 3 xy - 2 y 2 = 7
(d) x 2 + 2x + y 2 = 4 (e) xy = 2(x + y )
54. Show that if p (p>3) and 8p - 1 are primes, the 8p + 1 is composite.
55. Prove that following are composite

(a) 5101 + 2101 (b) 512 - 1 (c) 1111111

  ..........
 .. 1 (d) 7 100 - 2100
16 times

SECTION - C (Comprehensions)
56. Let N  p1a1 .p2a2 .p3a3 .......( p1 ,p2 ,p3 ,...........distinct primes a1 , a2 a3 ,........natural numbers ) then total
,

number of divisors of N will be  a1  1  a2  1  a3  1 ........... including 1 & N itseft. Hence

number of proper divisors of N will be  a1  1  a2  1  a3  1 ........ - 2. Based on given
information answer the following
(i) The total number of divisors of 5880 will be
(a) 24 (b) 48 (c) 72 (d) N.O.T.
(ii) The total number of proper divisors of 120 will be
(a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) N.O.T.
(iii) The number of even proper divisors of 1008 will be
(a) 23 (b) 24 (c) 22 (d) N.O.T.
(iv) The no. of proper divisors of 1800 which are divisible by 10 will be
(a) 18 (b) 34 (c) 27 (d) N.O.T.
(v) Sum of proper divisors of 72 (1 & 72 excluded) will be
(a) 195 (b) 122 (c) 194 (d) N.O.T.
(vi) The number of odd proper divisors of 3p.6m.21n will be
(a) p  1 m  1 n  1 - 2 (b)  p  1 m  1 n  1 - 1
(c) p  m  n  1 n  1 - 1 (d) N.O.T.
(vii) The number of divisors of 5880 of the form 4λ+1  λ  0, λ  I will be
(a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 20 (d) N.O.T.
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57. Let f (x ) = x 4 + px 3 + qx 2 - x + 6. Answer the following questions
(i) If f(x) is divisible by x 2 - x - 2 then p  q equals
(a) -5 (b) -6 (c) -8 (d) -9
(ii) Another factor of f(x) is
(a) x + 2 (b) x + 3 (c) x -1 (d) N.O.T.
(iii) If f(x) is divided by x 2 - 2x + 3, the remainder is
(a) 18+x (b) 18-18x (c) 18x-1 (d) N.O.T.

SECTION - D (Brain Teasers)

58. Number of polynomials P(x) satisfying P (x 2 ) + 2 x 2 + 10 x = 2 x P (x + 1 ) + 3 will be
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinity many
A B C
59. In a  ABC the least value of tan2  tan2  tan2 will be
2 2 2
(a) 1 (b) 1/3 (c) 3 (d) 3
60. The value of 3k 2  2k-1 , k  N will always be
(a) an odd number (b) an even number (c) a prime number (d) a composite number
61. The number n  4 n  N,n  3 is always
4

(a) even (b) odd (c) prime (d) composite

62. If x 2 + px + 1 is a factor of the expression on ax 3 + bx + c, then
(a) a2 + c 2 = -ab (b) a2 - c 2 = -ab (c) a2 - c 2 = ab (d) N.O.T.
63. The least natural number having 20 divisors is
(a) 432 (b) 240 (c) 180 (d) N.O.T.
 x
64. If sinx, cosx are rational numbers  x  kπ  then value of tan   will be
 2
(a) always rational (b) always irrational
(c) rational or irrational depend on x (d) can’t comment
65. If x = 2 + 21 / 3 + 22 / 3 then value of x 3 - 6x 2 + 6x will be
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
66. The sum of square of three consecutive odd integers increased by one will be
(a) divisible by 5 but not by 10 (b) divisible by 6 but not by 12
(c) divisible by 12 but not by 24 (d) N.O.T.
67. The four digit number xyzu is divisible by 99 if
(a) xy + zu is divisible by 99 (b) xu + yz is divisible by 99
(c) xy + yu is divisible by 99 (d) all of a,b,c
68. If r,s,t are prime numbers and p,q are distinct positive integers such that the LCM of p,q is
r 2 t 4 s 2 , then the number of ordered pair (p, q) is
(a) 252 (b) 254 (c) 225 (d) 224
69. The number of integral values of a such that  x - a  x - 10  1 can be factorised as

4
 (x + b)(x + c) will be b, c  I
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) more than 2
70. If a,b are odd integers then number of integral roots of equaion x 10 + ax 9 + b = 0
(a) 0 (b)1 (c) 10 (d) infinite
71. Prove that
kn ! n2 !
(i) is an integer for n, k  N (ii) is an integer for n  N
(n !)
k
(n !)
2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
72.    where a,b,c are real numbers prove that n  n  n  n n n here
a b c abc a b c a b c
n is any odd positive integer.
73. Find all four digit perfect squares which are of the form xxyy.
74. A polynomial of degree n>3 leaves remainder 2,1,-1 when divided by x - 1, x  2 and x + 1
respectively. What will be the remainder if the polynomial is divided by  x - 1  x  2 ?
2

75. Let a, b, c, x, y, z are real & satisfying a2 + b2 + c 2 = 25, x 2  y 2  z 2  36, ax + by + cz = 30

abc
then calculate value of x  y  z .

76. Let f (x ) = Ax 2 + Bx + C where A, B, C are real. Prove that if f(x) is an integer whenever x is
an integer, then numbers 2A, A+B & C are all integers. Conversely, prove that if numbers 2A,
A+B and C are all integers then f(x) is an integer whenever x is an integer.
77. If all coefficient of equation f (x ) = x n + p 1 x n-1 + p 2 x n -2 + .......... + p n are whole numbers & if
f (0) and f (1) are odd integers then prove that equation f (x ) = 0 cannot have any integral
roots.

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 ANSWERS

1.d 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.b 9.c 10.b 11.c 12.a 13.b

25. (i) A=2,6 (ii) A = 2

29. Yes
31. 34650,34155
32. 1617
33. (x, y ) = (2,2), (- 1,5), (0,3), (- 6,0), (- 3,-3), (- 4,-1)
34. p = -4, q = 6, r = 0
36. 7/2
37. 17 14
39. a = -3, b = -1
41. a = -182 , b = 27 , 4 x + 1, 5x - 2
42. 156
53. (a) (4,-1),(2,-3) (b) (48,0) ,(24,1),(24,-1) (c) (3,1),(-3,-1)

(d) (0,2), (1,1)(0,-2), (1,-1)(-3,1), (-2,2)(-3,-1), (-2,-2) (e) (6,3), (3,6), (4,4), (0,0), (-2,1), (1,-2)

(56) (i) b (ii) b (iii) a (iv) d (v) b (vi) c (d) a

(57) (i) b (ii) c (iii) b
58. (b)
59. (a)
60. (d)
61. (d)
62. (c)
63. (b)
64. (a)
65. (c)
66. (c)
67. (a)
68. (d)
69. (c)
70. (a)
73. 7744
7 2 3 2
74. x + x
6 2 3
(75) 5/6