Serving a 17th-century Bringing ancient guns NATIONALMUSEUM

sailors’ feast PAGE 14 back to life PAGE 20 OFBERMUDA

MARITIMES
2018 • VOL 31 • NO 1

WWW
NMB
dotBM

PIRATE WRECK PUZZLE

WEST END SITE IS POSSIBLY REMAINS OF 1619 SHIP
 Inside 3–7 News: Government backs
WHS; conferences; races;
mystery magazines

NATIONALMUSEUM 8–9 New Acquisitions

BERMUDA OF

10–11 Bermuda’s forgotten fishponds

By Meshellae Payne
Royal Patron
HRH Prince Michael of Kent, GCVO
COVER
Officers
12–13 West End wreck could
James Hallett
Rees Fletcher
Chairman
Vice Chairman
6 be remains of 1619
Dutch pirate vessel
Matthew Claridge Treasurer
By Dr. Bradley Rodgers
James Watlington Secretary

Board of Trustees
Philip Akeroyd, Robert Blee, Jennifer 14 Whipping up a 17th-century
shipboard feast
Davidson, Timothy Davidson, Jazmin
By Grace Tsai
DaPonte, Dr. Douglas De Couto, Andrew
Dias, Dr. Janet Ferguson, Pamela Ferreira, 16 News: Education strategy;
Michael Grayston, Michael Maguire, new Curatorial offices
Dr. Clarence Maxwell, Edwin Mortimer,
17 Publications: Bermuda Maps,
Isabelle Ramsay-Brackstone, Robert
Steinhoff, Neil Stempel, Charles Thresh,
14 Heritage Matters 6, Defenses
of Bermuda 1612–1995
Col. Sumner Waters

Associated Board Heads

21 18–19 Events
George Fergusson, Chairman, 20–21 Bringing old guns back to life
Friends of the National Museum
By Zoe Brady
of Bermuda (UK) 22 Volunteers
Michael Darling, President, American
Friends of the National Museum of
23 NMB People
Bermuda, Inc. 24 Corporate Members
CoVER: Morgan’s Island wreck
National Museum of Bermuda Staff Photo: East Carolina University

Executive Director
Elena Strong
Curator Deborah Atwood, PHD
MARITIMES MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF BERMUDA
2018 VOLUME 31 NO. 1
Registrar Jane Downing
Conservator Zoe Brady Editor: Elena Strong Assistant Editor: Deborah Atwood
Facilities Manager Andrew Harris MARITimes (ISSN 1015-6127) is published by National Museum of Bermuda Press
PO Box MA 133, Mangrove Bay MA BX, Bermuda
Admin Assistant Paula Pitman Tel (441) 234–1333 Fax (441) 234–1735 E-mail: curator@nmb.bm
Ticket Office Corene Smith Website: www.nmb.bm
Percival Ratteray Publication history: Under the name Bermuda Maritime Museum Quarterly, publication began in 1988
(2 issues: Volume 1, no. 1 and no. 2) and continued each year with four issues until 1995, when only two
issues were produced, being Volume 8, no. 1 and no. 2. In 1996, the name of the magazine was changed
to MARITimes, and four issues (Volume 9, nos. 1–4) were produced. From Volumes 10–14, MARITimes
was produced three times a year, and two issues a year for Volumes 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 27 and 30.
Only one issue was published for Volumes 13, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29.

Editorial support, editing and design by Brimstone Media Ltd., Bermuda

•
(441) 232-2222; brimstone@logic.bm Printed by Island Press Ltd.

The National Museum of Bermuda is located within 15.73 acres of fortifications at the Royal Naval Dockyard, including buildings of
outstanding historical value. The Museum is a non-government, non-profit Bermuda Registered Charity (No. 136), established in
1974, and its general operations are funded by donations and gate receipts from over 70,000 visitors annually. Its staff is supported by
local and visiting volunteers. NMB is overseen by the Board of Trustees of the National Museum of Bermuda. The Museum opens 9
am–5 pm weekdays, 9:30 am–5 pm weekends (last admission 4 pm) every day except Christmas Day. Winter hours 10 am–5 pm (last
entry 4 pm).

2 MARITIMES
 l News

Gov’t backs World Heritage Site bid

Major move to bring Dockyard and other fortifications under UNESCO umbrella
By Dr. Edward Harris
Founding Executive Director Emeritus
he Bermuda Government is backing

T plans to add additional forts to

Bermuda’s World Heritage Site.
The concept, especially for the Dockyard
fortifications, had been recommended by
the UNESCo advisory body when the
original inscription was awarded for the
World Heritage Site of the Town of St.
George’s and Associated Fortifications in
November 2000. Government support
was confirmed in the House of Assembly
by Minister of Works Lt. Col. David
Burch, who proposed that steps to
achieve the goal should be taken.
UNESCo’s website states: “The
inscribed property contains all the
elements necessary to express its
outstanding Universal Value and is of
adequate size to ensure the complete
representation of the features which
convey its significance. To complete the
continuum of fortifications in Bermuda,
consideration should be given at a future
date to adding the remaining fortifications
to the list, especially the major fort at the
Dockyard. The integrity is high but work
is needed on the maintenance of some
of the forts.”
The proposed additions were reiterated
by UNESCo as a consequence of the
2014 Management Report by the local
World Heritage Site Committee and in
late 2017, the Bermuda Government
decided it was time to act on the matter
and engaged with the National Museum
to prepare a proposal and assess the
possibility of adding the four significant
western forts of Hamilton, Whale Bay,
Dockyard’s fortifications could soon be part of the Bermuda World Heritage Site
Scaur Hill and the Dockyard to Bermuda’s
World Heritage Site. This was now
particularly relevant as significant
conservation work had been carried out
on those fortifications since 2000.
The Government recognises the value
of preserving such monuments for
cultural tourism. St. George’s has seen
the benefits of its preservation and the
more recent restorations of the National
Museum Dockyard fortifications continues
to demonstrate the value of such work,
attracting and holding visitors to the
west end of Bermuda. Likewise, the
Corporation of Hamilton has done a
wonderful job since 2000 in preserving
Fort Hamilton, which is one of the major
attractions in the centre of Bermuda.
Should these additional forts be
added to the World Heritage Site, they
would only enhance the nature of the site
in Bermuda and from end to end,
Bermudians could claim the island as
world heritage. The addition of those
forts would also bring the additional
strength of the Corporation of Hamilton
and the National Museum in support of
Bermuda’s World Heritage Site. The
additions in no way would dilute the
value of the town of St. George’s and the
forts in St. George’s Parish, but could
only enhance the World Heritage Site
by reason of the importance of the
additional sites and the power of the
organisations that run them: the
Government, the Corporation of Hamilton
and the National Museum.
It has been 18 years since UNESCo’s
recommendation to expand the Bermuda
sites was embedded in the World
Heritage Site inscription, and due to the
improvements of the proposed additional
sites, the Government recognises it is
now time to act and has been encouraged
to do so by heritage authorities in
London. Due to the detailed information
needed, the proposal will be submitted
later this year.

DOUBLE TRIPEXPERT AWARD FOR NMB

The Museum is the recipient of two TripExpert awards, the Expert’s
Choice Award and the Best in Bermuda Award. The Expert’s Choice
Award is based on more than one million reviews from 85 different
travel publications and is given to fewer than two percent of attractions
worldwide. The Museum is also one of the highest ranking attractions
in Bermuda based on recommendations from reviewers such as Moon
Books, Fodor’s, Travel+Leisure and Lonely Planet.

2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1 3
l News
Museum’s key role in major conferences
CAMM Conference delegates visiting the National Museum
MB had a strong presence
N at three conferences this
year. Executive Director
Emeritus Dr. Edward Harris
attended a MIT Conference,
entitled “Rebuilding a
Resilient Caribbean,” in
Boston, MA. The two-day
workshop brought together
island leaders and researchers
to discuss strategies for
rebuilding and improving
island infrastructure in the
wake of storm-related disasters.
Dr. Harris spoke on the
Museum’s recent hurricane
damage and methods of
recovery.
Curator Dr. Deborah
Atwood attended the Society
of Historical Archaeology’s
51st Annual Conference on
Historical and Underwater
Archaeology in New orleans,
LA, entitled “Landscapes,
Entrepots, and Global Currents.”
Presentations discussed a
ranged of topics including
how to develop community-
based archaeology projects,
the role of archaeology in
climate change science, place-
making within the Diaspora,
underwater cultural heritage
4 MARITIMES
management, and how to
digitise archaeological records
and collections. Grace Tsai’s
research (see p. 14 ) was also
presented at the conference.
Dr. Atwood also visited East
Carolina University to speak
about Bermuda’s shipwreck
and salvage history to
students of the Maritime
Studies Program.
In April the National
Museum welcomed more
than 65 delegates at the 2018
Annual Conference of the
Council of American
Maritime Museums
(CAMM). Founded in
1974, CAMM brings
together institutions working
towards the preservation and
interpretation of North
America’s maritime heritage,
promoting research, exhibition,
publication and collaboration
among maritime heritage
professionals.
While the Museum
was the official host, the
conference was held at the
Bermuda College, where
representatives from small
and large maritime institu-
tions, such as the Smithsonian
National Museum of American
History, Mystic Seaport, Los
Angeles Maritime Museum
and Vancouver Maritime
Museum, discussed issues and
challenges facing maritime
museums. Dealing with
natural and man-made
disasters, learning from
failure, experiential learning,
marine archaeology, building
audiences, connecting with
communities and staying
relevant were some of the
topics explored.
There was a strong local
representation with the
Museum presenting on
disaster management
planning for hurricanes and
dealing with disaster after-
math. The Bermuda National
Gallery spoke about using
local artists to reinterpret a
collection and better connect
to the local community.
Endeavour and the Bermuda
Sloop Foundation presented
on their successful experiential
learning and STEAM
programming. The conference
provided local institutions an
opportunity to establish new
relationships with interna-
tional institutions and
exchange their experiences
and knowledge.
The Museum has been a
member of CAMM for
nearly three decades.
Although not part of America
and no longer called the
Bermuda Maritime
Museum—NMB officially
changed its name and
broadened its scope in 2013—
it is impossible to divorce
Bermuda’s 500 years of
history from its maritime
heritage and its relationship
with its North American
neighbours.
NMB Executive Director
Elena Strong highlighted the
importance of researching and
understanding Bermuda’s
maritime heritage. “There is a
strong and deep community
interest in our maritime
heritage but the key is to
make this history relevant,
accessible and to explore the
stories which have traditionally
been marginalised,” she said.
Special thanks to the
Bermuda College, which
provided the venue for the
conference.

Local artists on show
at Ordnance Yard
ow Contemporary Art
N Experience took over the
buildings at the Lower
ordnance Yard, Casemates,
to create a temporary art
exhibition space from March
16–May 16. The show was
the idea of local artist James
Cooper, who was interested in
providing a new location to
create large-scale experimental
works. The show contained
a wide range of artworks,
including sculptures, installa-
tions, paintings and poems.
Artists Mike Walsh (above), Abi Box (below) and Calix Smith
(right) with their work
New membership categories
The Museum has expanded
membership categories with
two new membership
options now available. Full-
time students aged 16–27
can join for just $10; adults
over 65 can get full member-
ship for $30. Both member-
ships include MARITimes
magazine, 10 percent
discount on all NMB
publications, access
to genealogy research,
invitations to special events,
special promotions at partici-
pating Dockyard restaurants
and DolphinQuest, and
reciprocal membership to
2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1
l News
The project offered a great
opportunity to both explore
an otherwise off limits
historical structure while
also viewing some thought-
provoking contemporary art.
Artists exhibiting at NoW
were Mike Walsh, Trevor
Todd, Emma Sloan, Abi Box,
James Cooper, Megan
Walters, Peter Lapsley, Cullen
o’Hara, Andrea Sundt, Calix
Smith, Magnus Constable,
Jon Legere, Alan Smith and
Keishunda Curtis.
maritime museums affiliated
with the International Congress
of Maritime Museums. Join
today at www.nmb.bm
We have also updated
our membership cards,
which now feature a vignette
from the Hall of History on
the front. Members can be
proud to have this colourful
card in their wallets.
BERMUDA
NATIONALMUSEUM
OF
5
l News

Tough challenges for NMB racers Museum

sponsors two
public lectures
The Museum partnered
with the Bermuda Under-
water Exploration Institute
to provide two public
lectures for the BUEI Talks
series. In conjunction with
the launch of Defenses of
Bermuda, by Terrence
McGovern and Dr. Edward
Harris, McGovern gave an
illustrated lecture on the
British, Canadian and
American efforts to build
and man coastal defences
during the Second World
War, with particular

ROCHELLE SMITH
emphasis on defences
from Newfoundland to
Puerto Rico constructed to
combat German surface
Fat Tire cyclists race on the Ramparts, while Triple Challenge competitors lug telephone poles (below) warships and U-boats (see
Publications, p. 17).
at Tire Massive and the
F Bermuda Triple Challenge
returned to the Museum for
another year of racing. The
second race of the Furniture
Walk Mountain Bike Race
Series was held at the
Museum, completing a loop
around the Commissioner’s
House, past the new solar
panel installation and through The second lecture was
Casemates. given by archaeologist and
The Triple Challenge, now friend of the Museum Dr.
in its eighth year, is a three- James Delgado (pictured)
day obstacle race with events whose presentation “The
in St. George’s, Warwick and Final Frontier: Space-Age
Dockyard. The Dockyard Technology, Deep-Sea
event, now known as the Exploration and Ship-
CHUBB Royal Challenge, wrecks,” outlined the
takes place on the last day of role technology plays in
the weekend and requires advancing how archae–
competitors to plunge ologists and scientists
through water obstacles and
BERMUDA TRIPLE CHALLENGE

around the world work with

race through the Dockyard, the public to uncover the
including a challenging hidden shipwrecks and
obstacle course through the new marine species which
historic Casemates Barracks lie thousands of feet
and a telephone pole-carry beneath the ocean.
along the Museum ramparts.

6 MARITIMES
 l News

Fort historian surveys

Museum’s hidden
artillery magazines
nderneath the Museum’s
U bastions lie several hidden
magazines. Normally off
limits to visitors, these rooms
were originally used to store
shells and powder for the gun
emplacements above. This
spring, visiting forts historian
Victor Smith conducted an
intensive examination and
survey, recording the interiors
of the rooms underneath two
of the bastions of the Keep
Fort. His visit was generously
supported by the Stempel
Foundation.
This is phase one of the
Museum’s bastion restoration
project, which aims to fully
restore the magazines and
open them to the public.
Smith’s recording and
assessment will provide vital
information and ensure the
restoration is as historically
accurate as possible. once
restored, these areas will
allow Museum visitors to
experience Bermuda’s largest
fortification by “stepping
back in time.”
Smith will also advise on
the installation and display of
a massive 9.2 inch Mk X
rifled breech loader gun,
originally mounted at Fort
Victoria.
Smith is a graduate of
King’s College at the University
of London, where he specialised
in war studies and fortification.
He was one of the founders of
the international Fortress
Study Group, a society which
aims to further the study and
understanding of military
architecture and fortifications.
Smith is currently chair
of the Historic Defences
Committee of the Kent
Archaeological Society and
an advisor on the restoration
of historic defences, having
worked in the Caribbean and
England. He was Chief
Executive of the Brimstone
Hill Fortress National Park
in St. Kitts from 1989–90.
This is Smith’s third working
visit to Bermuda, working
earlier for the National
Museum, and for the
Bermuda Government on
advisory assignments. Victor Smith recording magazines at Bastion D

New wrecks study initiative NMB partners with Colby College

As part of the re-established
partnership with East Carolina
University, a collaborative
collections-based research
project has been developed by
ECU Professor Dr. Lynn
Harris and NMB Curator Dr.
Deborah Atwood. Students in
Dr. Harris’s Maritime Material
Culture class have been given
access to digital images,
accession records, archaeological
reports and research records
for a dozen objects within the
NMB shipwreck collections.
Each student selects an object
and is instructed to analyse its
technological, social, economic,
symbolic and ideological
aspects, culminating in a term
paper and 15-minute presen-
tation of the findings. The
students’ papers will be
deposited in the Museum’s
research files and made available
to future researchers.
Thanks to Michael Darling,
President of American
Friends of National Museum
of Bermuda, NMB has devel-
oped a new partnership with
Colby College, ME. Founded
in 1813, The Maine college
is the 12th-oldest private
liberal arts college in America
and is renowned for its
academic programmes. The
partnership offers an oppor-
tunity for a Colby student to
intern at the Museum for
four weeks. Interns assist
with a range of projects
including documentation
of collections, research,
collection management,
conservation and exhibit
care. This year’s Colby
intern was Hunter Riehle,
an Economics Major with
a passion for history.

2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1 7
l New Acquisitions

We will remember them

As we mark 100 years since the end of the Great War, NMB has received
a number of items connected to Bermudians who served in the conflict

This portrait of Bermudian Lance following observations on Eston’s

Bombardier Cyril Chesterfield Eston,
taken in France during the First World
War, was donated to NMB in honour
of Dr. Edward Harris’s retirement by
philatelist and longtime Museum
member Horst Augustinovic.
Eston served with the Bermuda
Contingent of the Royal Garrison
Artillery, having joined the Bermuda
Militia Artillery aged 17 at the out-
break of war in 1914. The BCRGA
was deployed to France in June 1916
and took part in the attack on the
Somme a week later, fighting through
the summer and autumn. With the
occasional respite, the BCRGA served
at the front handling ammunition
until the Armistice.
Augustinovic and local history
enthusiast Martin Buckley made the
uniform: “This photograph shows
Eston with the single stripe of a
Lance Bombardier to which he has
added cross hatching, which was
very fashionable at the time. He is
wearing the 1907 pattern service
dress featuring box pleats on the
breast pockets and reinforced “rifle”
patches on the chest, between the
pockets and the epaulets. His
bandolier is the five-pouch version of
the 1903 pattern leather equipment.
This was obsolete in the infantry by
1914 but was still issued to cavalry,
artillery and engineers. Unusually he
is wearing the securing strap for a
second belt, which was worn around
the waist with a “full set” but which
in practice had by this period been
discontinued.”

A First World War ammunition box with a Bermuda connection recently

surfaced in Pocklington, Yorkshire. The box was filled with 1,400 cartridges at
the artillery depot in Erfurt, Germany, on November 14, 1916. Pencilled on
the inside of the box is the name, service number and unit of Bermudian
Gunner Charles Osmond Stanley Darrell, No. 1149, who served in France and
Flanders with the BCRGA from 1916–18. How and where he found the box,
and how it found its way to East Yorkshire remains a mystery, although we can
speculate he may have taken it as a souvenir or useful storage box in 1918 as
the BCRGA cleared up German ammunition dumps following the advances of
the summer and autumn. Darrell, who returned to Bermuda in July 1919, was
the grandson of the famous pilot James “Jemmy” Darrell and has many
descendants still living in Bermuda.

After researching her grandfather Harry Fox, Martine Royale

shared his story with the Museum. Bermudian Fox was a gunner
with the BCRGA in France. After the war, he returned to France,
married and had a family. They were interned during the Second
World War, and later moved to the UK, where the family still
lives. Fox, known as “Ginger Blue” by his BCRGA comrades,
never returned to Bermuda. His granddaughter remembers that
he was a tall, green-eyed man who “spoke English with a slight
Bermudian twang, enlivened by the hint of a French accent.”

Harry Fox (back row, second from right) with other internees
at a camp in France during the Second World War

8 MARITIMES

Laurie and Barry Keefe have donated a photo
album made by her grandfather John Alexander
Clark “Jack” Macpherson, Major commanding
“B” Company of the 38th Battalion, Canadian
Expeditionary Force, which was stationed in
2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1
Bermuda en route to the European front
in 1915–16. The album documents the
Battalion’s halcyon days in Bermuda, training
for deployment, swimming, sailing, and playing
football and tug-of-war.
The family of Private James
Archibald O’Connor, 1st
Battalion Lincolnshire
Regiment, has donated the
prayer book he was carrying
at the time of his death in
action in 1918, which was
pierced by an enemy bayonet.
O’Connor, son of Thaddeus
and Helen O’Connor of St.
David’s, joined the Bermuda
Volunteer Rifle Corps in
March 1913 aged 17, and
headed to the front with the
1st Bermuda Contingent in
1915. He saw almost
continuous active service,
was wounded in September
1915, and was killed on April
26, 1918. He was buried in
a small cemetery in the
village of Fricourt on the
way to Cambrai and is
memorialised at the Tyne Cot
Memorial Zonnebeke, West
Vlaanderen, Belgium.
9
l Heritage

Bermuda’s forgotten fishponds

Why we must conserve these ingenious examples of the island’s culture
By Meshellae Payne
he landscape is littered with vestiges

T of our past; disregarded structures

and monuments representing practices
now lost. Their degradation is not only
indicative of the movement of time and
the advancement of technology but also
the disappearance of cultures and identities
which should in some way be preserved.
Around the coast of Bermuda lies an
example of this that has almost completely
disappeared from Bermudian conscious-

PHOTOS: MESHELLAE PAYNE

ness; cuts in the coastal landscape too
straight and deliberate to be natural.
These were once the ponds used by
Bermudian fisherman to store the day’s
catch to be sold later. The remnants of
the ponds surround the island, hiding in
plain sight, obvious only to those who Fish ponds at Admiralty House Cove, Pembroke, and (below) Devonshire Bay Park
know to look for them.
one aspect of fish ponds I found
most intriguing was the ingenuity behind
their construction. To build a viable fish
pond, fishermen first had to understand
the landscape they were working with.
Although it has been suggested the idea
to create fish ponds was bought by
Barbadian slaves, my research indicates it
was instead alighted upon through
Bermudians developing an understand-
ing of the landscape and geological
properties of the island, particularly its
cave system and limestone. Collapsed
cave roofs created depressions which can
now be found everywhere. The limestone
making up these depressions allows for
the easy flow of seawater throughout,
thus enabling the easy maintenance of
temperature and oxygen. may have simply been carved out of the an island fast becoming too populated
The porous nature of Bermuda’s coastal face. The methods for constructing for its resources. Not only do fish ponds
limestone would not have been hard to these ponds show that Bermudians represent an understanding of and inter-
uncover through study of these natural understood the percolation of water action with the landscape of Bermuda,
ponds, and the construction of man- through limestone, tidal processes, how they also show thought being put into
made fish ponds would have been a to work and shape the rock covering the establishment of sustainable fishing
logical next step. The variety of ways island, as well as how to use the natural practices that protected against overfishing.
Bermudian fish ponds were constructed materials around them for effective problem Most of the families and communities on
can be attributed to the ease of working solving. Their representation of this local the island were fed by fish caught and
with the limestone. The fish ponds found knowledge and skill alone is enough to stored in the ponds. This storage method
around the island range from complex validate their need to be conserved. ensured that even during periods of bad
constructions using blocks of stone to Fish ponds are an emblem of early weather there was enough food to sustain
rather simple ones, which look as if they Bermuda and the struggle to provide for the islanders. Bermudians developed a

10 MARITIMES
A well-defined fish pond just below the span of Somerset Bridge. Below, a pond at Daniel’s Island, Somerset
seasonal practice of fishing which would
allow the fish to have regenerative periods
each year, reducing the risk of overfishing.
As interest in Bermuda as a tourist
destination grew, fish ponds became
another feature adding to the unique
beauty of the island, showcasing both the
traditional practices of the islanders and
its natural wonders. Although groupers
were the primary occupants of many of
the island’s ponds, they also stocked
parrotfish, angel fish, turtles, and other
colourful varieties. The aesthetic value of
these ponds is obvious, as they present
colourful aquariums showcasing the
varied marine life Bermuda has to offer.
In 1831, Devil’s Hole became one of
Bermuda’s first genuine tourist attractions
when it opened for tours. It was a
pleasing spot where visitors could relax
while looking at the variety of fish and
turtles encased within.
The environment held a sense of
agency over Bermuda’s history, affecting
the island’s settlement and use. In turn
Bermudians shaped the landscape,
somehow enabling a small archipelago to
sustain a population that rapidly began
to outgrow it. Against the odds, islanders
found ways not only to sustain them-
selves but to make a name for Bermuda
2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1
on a global scale. Bermuda onions,
arrowroot, and lilies were known around
the world, to the point that Bermudians
today are still referred to as “onions.”
The skill with which Bermudians
worked the cedar and palmetto plants
endemic to the island was praised world-
wide. Unfortunately, the old skills of
working with the natural resources
provided by the archipelago are fading
away as their practitioners die out
without being able to pass on their skills
and knowledge.
Bermuda still holds a wealth of
knowledge waiting to be tapped.
Although community involvement in
the propagation of culture seems to be
fading away, that is not to say that
Bermudians are not interested in that
culture. Invigorated protection of
Bermuda’s culture can be easily achieved
if we provide the community with a
voice, and show that ideas and knowledge
have a pivotal part to play in conservation
efforts. Using this knowledge when
managing the conservation of fish ponds
will enable their sustainable and efficient
management. Advancing these goals will
hopefully provide the framework for the
continued conservation of the other
emblems of Bermuda’s culture that are
beginning to disappear, serving to
begin a revitalisation that will allow
the unique and intriguing heritage of
the island to thrive.
11
l Cover

Morgan’s Island
wreck may be
1619 pirate ship
Colonial Bermudians stripped stricken ship
beyond reach of nosy Customs officials
By Dr. Bradley Rodgers
Program Director Maritime Studies, East Carolina University
ast Carolina University archaeologists are one step

E closer to linking an unidentified shipwreck site to the

nearly 400–year-old story of a stranded Dutch privateer
or pirate ship.
The ship, described by the fifth Bermuda Governor
Nathaniel Butler as a Dutch pinnace travelling from the
Caribbean, grounded on Bermuda’s western reef in 1619. Locals
rescued the Dutch and English crew, who were repatriated
within a year; the ship itself was reportedly left to wind and
weather, disappearing with the next Atlantic-borne storm.
New archaeological evidence, however, suggests that
Bermudians may have secretly lightered the cargo ashore
and floated the ship off the reef, hiding it in a shallow bay to
salvage arms, lumber and hardware—essential commodities for
an isolated but burgeoning colony.
The wreck site may represent one of the earliest colonial-
built vessels discovered in the Americas, the earliest and
perhaps only fully archaeologically documented privateer/pirate
vessel, and the earliest Dutch vessel discovered in the Americas,
according to Dr. Bradley Rodgers, ECU professor of maritime
studies, whose team is working in partnership with the
National Museum under licence from the Bermuda govern-
ment. Combined historical and archaeological studies will
likely reveal new details about life in the 17th century, wrecking
practices and the early settlement period in Bermuda.
Rodgers first examined the wreck in 2008, located in a quiet
West End harbour, a short distance from the Dutch pinnace’s
last known position on the reef. He recognised the wreck to be
an early and significant vessel type. In May last year, he
returned with the ECU team and with NMB mounted the first
scientific exploration of the site, archaeologically examining,
mapping and recording the exposed sections of the wreck.
The remains are well known to locals, but their origins are
not. “The ship remains appear to be early and significant, and
archaeological evidence demonstrates unmistakable traits of
northern Dutch design—techniques that have not been used in
four centuries,” said Rodgers. It was not uncommon during the
17th century to salvage ships in Bermuda’s West End, he said,
out of sight of customs officials, to avoid taxes or levies on the
goods and materials retrieved.

12 MARITIMES

The stricken ship’s disarticulated timbers can clearly be seen close to shore. Inset, an ECU diver surveys the wreck remains
“Salvage marks are plentiful on the disarticulated wreck, and
though many of the fasteners and planks have been removed,
many of the timber remains are in great condition.”
There is much work to do to complete the analysis of the
wreck, according to Rodgers, as it takes “extensive archival
research, archaeological analysis and funding to fully verify the
find, and it is one of the more confusing wreck sites we have
ever studied—it has been completely taken apart down to the
fastenings.” However, the team has documented enough of the
site to identify ship construction techniques matching those
described in 17th-century Dutch treatises. In addition, the
wood has been identified as greenheart (Ocotea rodiei), a New
World timber historically harvested in Dutch trading territory
in South America, and the few artifacts seen reflect Dutch
northern European heritage from the early 17th century.
2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1
EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
Further investigation should shed more light on life in 17th
century Bermuda and its settlement, especially pertaining to
the salvage of ships in distress.
“The economics and impact of salvage in the early settlement
of Bermuda has not yet fully been explored by academics and
can provide a fascinating window into how the first Bermudians
survived on an isolated island,” said NMB Executive Director
Elena Strong. “Bermuda’s rich underwater cultural heritage,
which is protected by law, is not only a valuable cultural
tourism asset, but also comprises a tangible archive of the inter-
action of African, American and European cultures over five
centuries. over the past 40 years, research on these wrecks has
yielded considerable data informing historical narratives about
the lives of the people who depended on these vessels to ferry
goods and people to various ports along the Atlantic Littoral.”
13
l Research

Whipping up a 17th-century feast

Bermuda research helps recreate typical shipboard diet
By Grace Tsai
PhD Candidate, Texas A&M University
n 2015, Grace Tsai and José Luis

I Casabán travelled to the National

Museum to study and document more
than 100 animal bones from the Warwick,
an English galleon that sank in Castle
Harbour during a hurricane in 1619.
The goal of the study was to identify the
faunal remains, understand the butchery
patterns used to prepare shipboard meat,
and deduce which cuts of meat were
brought and eaten on board. The Warwick
assemblage data was combined with
archaeological information from other
16th- and 17th-century wrecks, and
information from historical documents,
to replicate shipboard food in what is
now called the Ship Biscuit & Salted
Beef Research Project (SBSB).
In August 2017 the SBSB team, aided
by data gathered since 2015, recreated
the salted beef, pork, cod, ship biscuit,
wine, beer and other typical shipboard
provisions. Care was taken to replicate
the items as precisely as possible, including Cheers! Checking out the modern version of a 1577 beer recipe, now called Nautic Ale
gathering ingredients from their original are (from left): Michael Pawlus, Grace Tsai, Alan Ward and Brian Starr. Below: John
17th-century sources when feasible. Collins’s Salt and Fishery (1682), describing a meat curing recipe
For example, the salted beef was made
using recipes from John Collins’s 1682 water that was saturated with bay salt
treatise, Salt and Fishery. First, a grass- until an egg could float in the solution.
fed, hormone and antibiotic-free steer The beef was put back into the barrel,
was acquired, and butchered into 4 lb and the cooled meat juices and brine
pieces following the faunal analysis were poured into the barrel until it was
results and backed up by instructions filled to the top, so that all the pieces
within the historical recipe. The cuts of were submerged, completing the pickling
beef were then laid in a barrel with a process. Like the beef, every food item
thick blanket of French bay salt. The salt, produced was researched extensively
imported from the Bay of Guérande in and prepared with care and precision to
the South of France, is produced in mimic the food that would have been
salines and gathered by hand as it has on 17th-century ships.
been for centuries, and was acquired for The food items were placed on Elissa,
all of the salted meats and fish. Each a 19th-century tallship docked in Galveston,
layer of beef had a thick layer of salt from August 19, 2017 to october 21,
between them to thoroughly cure the 2017, except for the beer that was made
meat. After 12 days of dry salting, the at a later date and stored in a shipboard
beef was removed, excess salt was shaken environment onshore. Each food item
off, and the meat juices that had gathered had samples for laboratory testing
at the bottom of the barrel were removed removed regularly, which was then
and boiled. Meanwhile, more brine was prepared as the sailors would have eaten
made using natural untreated aquifer the food. For example, in the case of beef,

14 MARITIMES
the meat was desalted in shipboard fresh
water, and then boiled. The food items
were subjected to laboratory tests including
microbiological, nutritional, and flavour
profile analysis.
As of March, 2018, the analyses are
still underway but preliminary results are
available. It was hypothesised that the
salted and dried items would grow few,
if any, microbes because of their high salt
content or intense drying and heating.
Further, it was thought that the ship-
board water (originally sourced from a
natural aquifer) would grow pathogenic
bacteria, and that the beer and wine
would primarily grow the yeasts that
helped in their fermentation. Most of the
results were unexpected. Not only did the
salted beef grow several different taxa,
including three entirely new species, but
the salt itself grew at least eight different
taxa. It is unclear how long cooks on
ships normally boiled meat, but it was
discovered that it took 30 minutes of full
boiling for the salted beef to become
sterile, so anything less than 30 minutes
of boiling meant ingestion of more
microbes, both good and bad. While the
beer and wine grew several microbes, they
did not grow on the MacConkey Plain
agar, a substance used to scientifically test
culture growth in a controlled setting and
that is used to test for common
pathogens such as E. coli. This suggests
the bacteria growing in these beverages
have no effect, or possibly beneficial
effects, on humans. The water samples
taken from the barrels grew easily on the
MacConkey Plain agar, which confirmed
our hypothesis for water.
Flavour profiling was done by PhD
student Kayley Wall at Texas A&M
University in Dr. Chris Kerth’s laboratory
via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectro-
metry, a technique that captures the
volatile compounds in foods, which
translates to their aromas. Interesting
results have come back so far. For example,
in the case of the beer, there was the
presence of pyrazine, ketone, and furan
functional groups (along with esters,
benzene, aldehydes, alcohols, and acids)
when it was first put on the ship.
Evidence suggests 17th-century sailors consumed a large variety of both good and bad
microbes, much more so than modern humans living in Western society are exposed to
2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1
impacts of the study because key
mechanisms of the human body
are controlled by the microbes
that live in the gut. Studies show
a relationship between the gastro-
intestinal microbiome and diseases
including obesity, diabetes,
autoimmune diseases, gastro-
intestinal diseases, and certain
types of cancer. In particular, it
appears that traditional foods
harbour more diverse microbio-
logical populations, and that people
who have more diverse taxa in
their gut have a smaller chance of
Meat being dry cured in the salted beef barrel in getting common Western diseases.
August, 2017 C. Clemente et al. measured
differences in diversity within the
However, the pyrazine, ketone, and furan gut microbiome of the average individual
functional groups were present in signifi- living in the US in a sanitised Western
cantly fewer amounts at the end of the environment, with that of the indigenous
sample collection, but ethanol had a Yanomami in Venezuela, who practice a
marked increase. It is possible some of foraging lifestyle, and noted that that
the ketones were reduced to alcohol, Yanomami had 50 percent more micro-
which would explain the increase in bial taxa compared to US residents in the
ethanol. Although running each sample study. Martínez et al. ran a similar study
takes about 30 minutes, the analysis of comparing fecal samples from non-
the results takes significantly more time. industrialised regions in Papua New
Nutritional analysis is underway, but the Guinea (PNG) with those from the US
results are not yet available as these are and found the PNG samples had greater
pricier and take longer to process. bacterial diversity, lower inter-individual
Within the past year, the SBSB team variation, different abundance profiles,
has teamed up with a local brewery, and bacterial lineages undetectable in US
the Karbach Brewing Company, on a residents. Likewise, comparisons between
joint collaboration to recreate a modern the gut microbiome of European children
replica of the experimental shipboard and children in Burkina Faso, Malawi
beer for a beer tasting fundraiser in peoples and Amazonian Amerindians,
which proceeds will go towards the cost and Hadza hunter-gatherers in Tanzania,
of nutritional analysis. The beer, named collectively imply that there is greater
Nautic Ale, will also be available in select diversity within the gut microbiome of
locations in Texas aside from the less modernised countries, much like the
fundraiser. Thanks to Karbach Brewing microbiological results seen in food from
the nutritional results have been the SBSB project.
expedited significantly and should be Further studies made the connection
available very soon. that communities practicing pre-industrial
The SBSB team is most intrigued by foodways have a lower frequency of
the microbiological results found thus far. obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases
Currently the evidence suggests that the and many other chronic non-infectious
sailors consumed a large variety of both diseases. Although the SBSB project
good and bad microbes, much more so results are still preliminary, it is possible
than modern humans living in Western that studying past preservation methods
society are exposed to in their diet. This and foods will help understand modern
may be significant looking at the broader health and diseases.
15
l News

Group targets education strategy

new committee, led by
A NMB Trustee Dr. Janet
Ferguson, has been tasked
with developing the National
Museum’s education strategy.
Members are Ru-Zelda
Severin, Dr. Donna outer-
bridge and Crystal Clay and
NMB Trustees Dr. Clarence
Maxwell, Jennifer Davidson,
Rees Fletcher and James
Hallett, with NMB Executive
Director Elena Strong. The
expectation is that this strategy
will underpin all formal and
informal learning within
NMB, permeating all the
Museum’s activities including
publications, research,
exhibits, programming and
public outreach. of particular
concern is the role of public
history and the ways in which
the Museum might help to
promote critical thinking,
inclusion and the strengthening
of personal and collective
connections with the past.
The Museum is seeking
input from a broad range of
stakeholders and believes
that together with the stake-
holders, an NMB education
strategy can be created
that is relevant, reflects a
commitment to equitable
representation and engage-
ment and will effectively
serve the educational needs
of Bermuda.

GIFTS UPGRADE OFFICE SPACE FOR CURATORIAL

Thanks to generous
gifts from the late June
Crawford and an
anonymous donor, the
Curatorial Offices have
received a much-
needed upgrade.
The Curatorial and
Administrative wing of
the museum sustained
heavy damage during
the 2014 hurricanes
Fay and Gonzalo, which
presented an opportunity
to upgrade. Curatorial
has now moved to
the Museum’s
former apartment
block, and the old office
has been converted The new Curatorial office, and (below) the processing room
into urgently needed
storage space.
The upgrades also
included the addition of
a new processing room,
a dedicated space
where incoming
artifacts are photo-
graphed, accessioned
and rehoused for
storage. All these
upgrades bring the
Museum offices into
line with international
standards and ensure
that our collections
continue to be properly
stored and cared for.

16 MARITIMES
 l Publications

Maps, mirth, forts in new books

BERMUDA
MAPS Jonathan Land Evans

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF BERMUDA PRESS

Bermuda Maps Heritage Matters Volume 6 Defenses of Bermuda 1612–1995

Jonathan Land Evans, 324pp, $65
Bermuda Maps, by Jonathan Land Evans,
tells the full and fascinating story of
Bermuda’s cartographic history, from
vague and dangerous-looking first
encounter representations of Bermuda to
lush, detail-packed manuscript renditions.
The book includes detailed scholarly
analysis of the maps’ content, presentation
and historical context. Of particular
interest is how depictions of Bermuda
changed with the centuries, and with
the island’s importance: first as a remote
navigational location, through to its
emergence as a thriving British colony
and its strategic importance as a naval
defence hub for the Americans. With
hundreds of illustrations from the 16th
centure to the modern era.
Dr. Edward Harris. 96pp, $10
History is never more fun than when it
flows from the pen of Bermuda’s own Dr.
Edward Harris, MBE. Meet the cartoon
“busybody” Bermudians, the busty figure-
heads “Yes” and “No,” Lord Kitchener’s
champion chickens—and learn about
Bermuda’s “Royal Albert Hall,” a murder-
ous warclub, Pembroke’s long-lost water-
front, the picture that’s worth 1,000
words and, of course, a whole lot more.
This volume is part sponsored by Michel
and Terrill Drew in memory of Clarice
and Ronnie Lindley, Mate and Captain,
respectively, of the four-masted 224-foot
schooner Katherine May, the last of such
vessels to ply for trade out of Bermuda
along the East Coast from the Canadian
Maritimes to as far south as Venezuela.  nating story of the “Gibraltar of the West.”
Dr. Edward Harris
& Terrance McGovern
Defenses of Bermuda, by renowned fortifi-
cations expert Terrance McGovern and
NMB Founding Executive Director
Emeritus Dr. Edward Harris, details the
history and development of fortifications
in Bermuda. The need to defend the
island’s 64 miles of coastline and ports
has resulted in the construction of about
50 forts from 1617 to 1945. This led to
an incredible concentration of fortifica-
tions with 2.5 for every square mile. The
legacy of these defences remain either as
disused structures or parks, many of
them now popular tourist attractions.
Using stunning commissioned artwork
and meticulous research, this is the fasci-

COMING SOON The Museum Press is working with the
Department of Community & Cultural Affairs to publish NMB
Trustee Dr. Clarence Maxwell’s latest book. Set us Free explores
the Bermudian response to the Age of Revolution: not only to the
British American Revolution, but what he calls the Humanitarian
Revolution or Insurgency. By the British American Revolution, he
refers to the political crisis that enveloped British North America
from 1775–82; and by the Humanitarian Insurgency, he refers to
the battle of civil rights and abolitionism that led to the Emancipa-
tion Act of 1833 and the Abolition Acts I and II of Bermuda the
following year. Maxwell uses these two moments to show the
character of that Bermudian involvement and the consequences it
had on the historical trajectory of this mid-Atlantic archipelago.
Set Us Free will be published in May 2019.

National Museum of Bermuda books are available in bookshops islandwide,

and directly from the Museum: www.nmb.bm/shop/ • info@nmb.bm

2 0 1 8 V OL . 3 1 N O. 1 17
l Events

Heritage
Matters
celebrated
The publication of Dr. Edward
Harris’s Heritage Matters
Volume 6 was celebrated at
Gallery oneSeventeen on
Front Street in Hamilton.
As the title suggests, this is
the sixth volume in the series
showcasing Dr. Harris’s news-
paper columns about Bermuda.
Fans of the Harris canon will
be pleased to know that
Heritage Matters Volume 7
Executive Director Elena Strong with Birgitta Nygren, Rees Fletcher and Bengt Nygren will be released in 2019.

Jean Gardner, Alexia Cooper and Sue LeStrange Author Dr. Edward Harris with Terrill and Michel Drew

Pat Lang with Paul Shapiro and Rosemary Jones Chinni Mahadevan, Sandra Outerbridge and Philip Akeroyd

18 MARITIMES
Putting
history on
the map
The Museum Press honoured
the publication of Jonathan
Evans’s monumental new
book Bermuda Maps at a
well-attended launch
at the CHUBB Gallery in
Woodbourne Avenue,
Hamilton. The event, which
was accompanied by a
temporary exhibit featuring
original maps highlighted in
the book, was generously
hosted by CHUBB. Wayne Carey, Jonathan Evans, Zane DeSilva and James Hallett

Sue Bendell, Peter Adwick, Jean and Peter Oliver David and Jill Lamneck and Paul Leseur

Sam Buxton, George Thomas, Michael Darling Jr, and Dr. Edward Harris Tony Pettit and Doug Patterson

2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1 19
l Conservation

Bringing a carronade back to life

Shipboard gun was discovered during excavation at West Elbow Bay Fort
By Zoe Brady
NMB Conservator
he Museum has taken on the

T restoration of a small carronade from

the Coral Beach & Tennis Club in
Paget. The gun was discovered during an
excavation in 1989 which revealed a
complete plan of the early West Elbow
Bay Fort gun emplacement. It was
remounted in 1990 and was placed at the
old gun placement until recently.
This cast-iron carronade was probably
a 12-pdr, cast in a UK foundry and likely
used on a vessel before being positioned
at West Elbow Bay.
Carronades, also known as mellvinades
or gasconades, were a niche weapon.
They had a short range, low muzzle
velocity, and poor aim. However, they
were powerful and useful during close,
direct combat. They
were typically used
on ships, including
Navy vessels, from
the 1770s to the
1850s—a perfect fit
with the suggested The carronade awaits restoration, and (inset) the corroded
use-period at the surface. Below, how such a gun was mounted on a fighting
Coral Beach fort. ship. The Coral Beach specimen was placed in a land fort
The guns became
outmoded as innovations such as rifling
and the use of exploding shells became
popular due to the frequency of long-
range naval battles.
The surface of the Coral Beach
carronade appears to have undergone
prior conservation, and was probably
treated with a rust inhibitor. This layer
has now failed due to time and the local
conditions: its unprotected position near
the ocean leaves it at risk of many different
types of deterioration, some of which
show on the surface. Examples include
localised corrosion, delamination, cracking
and flaking. The first step of treatment
will be a combination of consolidation
and cleaning/desalination, followed by
the application of a corrosion inhibitor
and a barrier layer. The carronade will
be replaced at the site once restoration
is completed.

20 MARITIMES
 Street bollard cannons rescued
E ast Carolina University
graduate students led
by Dr. Bradley Rodgers
have been helping with the
conservation of a number of
historic cannon. Five guns
were recovered by Crisson
Construction in 2017
during work at Hunter’s
Wharf, St. George’s, and
are on permanent loan to
the Museum from the
Corporation of St. George’s.
Four had been used as
bollards, partially embedded
in concrete and painted
green, and one cannon was
used as wharf fill. Crisson
told NMB of the discovery
and transported the
artifacts to the Conservation
Laboratory in Dockyard. All
five guns were in unstable
condition and heavily
damaged and without treat-
ment would have had an Cannon being lowered into a con-
extremely short life. Four servation tank. Below: preparing
other cannon from the cannon for electrolysis treatment
Museum’s permanent
collection were included in the project. moved into large tanks
As part of the conservation process, to go through a four-to-
students created highly detailed 3D five-year electrolysis
models of the cannon. This fast, cost- treatment, which uses
effective and accurate method of an electric current to
documentation captures a higher level of further clean the
detail than photography, description or cannon, remove
drawing. These techniques, when used chlorides, and reduce
in tandem, result in a very complete data the corrosion product.
set and can be used as a point of The process was
comparison throughout treatment and carried out using
referred to by future researchers. forklifts and trained
The cannon were mechanically operators, as placement
cleaned, removing as much concrete is vital to the success of the project. completed by ECU has been instrumental
and debris from the exterior and interior After treatments are complete, the in ensuring these artifacts are preserved,
as possible. Cleaning involved chiselling cannon will be stable and available for said NMB Conservator Zoe Brady, who
away concrete, power washing paint and display and study for years to come. added: “The progress made on these
debris, and emptying the barrels, which East Carolina University has been huge artifacts in just a few days is out-
were packed with fill and unexpected working with the National Museum on standing. It would be impossible to make
artifacts, including flint, coal and pottery. maritime archaeology projects since such headway without the assistance of
Once cleaned, the barrels were the 1980s. The conservation work the East Carolina team.”

The barrels were packed with unexpected artifacts, including flint, coal and pottery

2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1 21
l Volunteers

Corporate
friends
help out
Thanks again to our Corporate volunteers
who returned this year. Volunteers from
Deloitte assisted NMB Facilities Manager
Andrew Harris with painting projects and the
crew from Fat Tire Massive (below) donated
their time to clear the High Cave of the
invasive plants growing on its perimeter.
Kitson volunteers (bottom) helped clean up
flowerbeds around the main entrance.

22 MARITIMES
 l People

Staff, volunteers and interns update

Elena Strong has National Museum of Bermuda” explored We had said farewell, but Ayana Bean has
been appointed the the ways in which NMB can expand their returned to the Museum to volunteer in the
new Executive Director collecting policy to include materials which Curatorial Department, assisting with
of the Museum. Her represent the diversity of Bermuda’s culture. research and scanning projects.
appointment follows McQueen’s dissertation was awarded a
the retirement of distinction, the highest mark available and Sophie Cos, an
Executive Director Dr. has been deposited in the Museum’s undergraduate student
Edward Harris at the reference library. studying history and
end of 2017. See the environmental studies
next MARITimes for an Meshellae Payne has recently completed at Case Western
interview with her. a Masters in Conservation at UCL and is Reserve University,
currently interning with The Watercolour OH, joined Curatorial
Assistant Curator Dr. World, a project working to catalogue and as a volunteer student
Deborah Atwood has map pre 20th century watercolours from intern for a month in
been promoted to around the world. Meshellae was awarded May. Sophie was
Curator. Atwood, 34, a the Institute of Archaeology Ione Gedye researching Bermuda’s
Bermudian, has a BA prize for Archaeological Conservation fishing, whaling, and turtling history.
in Visual Arts from for her dissertation and an exemplary
Brock University, ON, performance in her masters. She hopes Dori Caines, a senior at the Bermuda
a Masters in Historical to one day move back to Bermuda and Institute, joined Curatorial as a volunteer.
Archaeology and a work in Conservation on the island. Dori plans to pursue a degree in History
PhD in Archaeology with the goal of a Masters in Education
and Anthropology from Sarah Watkinson became a Curatorial and Doctorate in Afro-Caribbean Studies.
University of Bristol, UK. She was a volunteer this year. After completing her She pursued a placement at NMB because
Museum summer student in 2006, and MA at the University of Malta where “before I pursue other types of histories I
in 2014 joined NMB staff as Curatorial she focused on a 19th century British should know the history of my country and
Researcher. In 2016 she became Assistant notary and merchant in Malta, she is now I believe the Museum is the best way to do
Curator and co-editor of the Bermuda Journal helping with cataloguing of the Godet that.” Dori has learned
of Archaeology and Maritime History. family papers relating to the same period. a lot in her brief time
with the Museum,
Former NMB intern Brit Franklin is now Thanks to the savings generated by NMB’s helping with collection
living in Buffalo, NY and is the Collections new solar panel installation, we are able to management projects,
Manager at the Buffalo History Museum, restart the Museum’s internship programme. conservation, scanning,
responsible for a 7,500-items collection. Tache Smith, who previously volunteered and research. “This
with the Museum has officially joined the placement has not
Congratulations to former NMB intern Curatorial Department as its newest intern. only shown me what it
Carly McQueen who recently completed Smith will be working in Curatorial until takes to work in a
her MA in Museum Studies at University September when she will be heading to museum but it has
College London. Her dissertation entitled the University of Newcastle to undertake taught me a lot about my country and its
“Collecting to represent the Nation at the an MA in Heritage Studies. history,” she said.

Ira Philip leaves lasting inspiration for new generations

With the death in April of
historian, journalist, senator and
friend of the National Museum
Ira Philip at the age of 91,
Bermuda has lost a stalwart
and steady chronicler of the
events and people that have
shaped the Island.
Philip’s research and writing
on Bermuda’s labour history in
particular is essential reading
for anyone interested in the
past or in trying to understand
present-day Bermuda.
In his books Freedom
Fighters: from Monk to
Mazumbo and The History of the
Bermuda Industrial Union, Philip
has left a legacy that will last for
generations, and one that has
and will continue to inspire new
generations to research, write
and deepen our understanding
of our island home.

2 0 1 8 V O L . 3 1 N O. 1 23
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