Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

Contents

Page
1. Introduction/Objectives

2. Background Information

3. Design Criteria

4. System Selection

5. Detailed Design

6. System Operation and Control

7. Reference

8. Appendix

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 Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

1. Introduction/Objectives
This project aims to enable students to apply the knowledge learnt to solve simulated
real-life problems and to acquire the competency. To carry out the project, we have to
design for ceiling height, PAU& FCU services with detail calculation and installation
of work for an office building

2. Background Information
The office building consists of 30 stores with 18 rooms including 13 manager rooms, 3
conference rooms, 1 drawing room, 1 security room, administration office and passenger
lift lobby. 2 side of toilets including female and disable toilet (LHS) and male toilet (RHS)
and the pantry, switch room, cleaning room. The gross floor area is 981.4m^2, headroom
is 3.2m. According to ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications 1999, the occupancy is 137.
Base on the calculation, referring to the area of floor plan and given rules of thumbs. The
fresh air flow per person are almost 8l/s.

3. Design Criteria

Outdoor condition
Dry bulb 33℃
Wet bulb 27℃
Indoor condition
Dry bulb 24℃
Relative Humidity 50%
Off coil condition 13℃DB

Through making assumption on the summer design outdoor condition 33℃DB, 27℃
WB and the indoor condition would be 24℃DB, 50%RH. By referring the
psychometric chart, the enthalpy and specific volume of summer design outdoor
condition is 84.5kJ/kg and 0.895m³/kg. For indoor condition, they are 48.5kJ/kg and
0.854m³/kg respectively. The off-coil condition is 13℃DB. By referring the
psychometric chart, the enthalpy and specific volume of summer design off-coil
condition is 35.5kJ/kg and 0.822 m³/kg.

NC Level
The NC level of office is 40 for office. The NC level is 40-45 for pantry.
The NC are a common way to measure and specify background noise in unoccupied
buildings and spaces. Their purpose is to produce a single value representation of a
complete sound spectrum. International standards organizations recognize the need to

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Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

objectify judgements on the amount of ambient noise in enclosed spaces, and provide us
with definitions for various NC.
Background noise may have several undesirable effects. Noise can be an annoyance that
creates fatigue and negatively affects productivity, safety and the ability to communicate.
Therefore, standard methodologies for quantifying noise have been developed. Noise
curves reflect different standardized means of creating a single number rating for the
background noise spectrum in a space. Different rooms, locations, regulations and
applications may allow different acceptable noise ratings. In most cases, the goal is that
background noise should not interfere with the purpose of the room, e.g. the noise of an
office air-conditioning system and consistent noise of traffic outside the building should not
interfere with telephone calls or conversations. In other cases, special noise may also be
tolerated or even introduced at higher levels, for example to create acoustic "privacy", or to
help mask other more irritating noise sources. So that we use 40 NC level for office and
40-45 NC level for pantry.

For choosing a suitable PAU, the first priority is that it can fit the required cooling load
of our calculation. Also, the size of PAU is also considered as the A/C plant room is
limited. Maintenance free would be considered as well. Classifications of air
conditioning systems are shown as below.

• Central Systems or Packaged Unitary Systems:

Central systems: The air conditioning and refrigeration plant is usually
centrally located with energy transfer between the plant and individual spaces
through a medium including for example air or water.
Packaged unitary systems: A self-contained air conditioner which conditions
the air through its air conditioning and refrigeration plant and provides the
motive force to supply the air to the conditioned space.

• Constant Air Volume(CAV) and Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems

CAV systems: A variable supply air temperature to meet with the cooling load
requirements of the space while the supply air volume flow rate will be
unchanged. Examples include unitary systems, primary air fan coil systems,
terminal reheat system and multi-zone system.
VAV systems: A variable supply air volume flow rate during load variation while
maintaining a fairly constant supply air temperature. Examples include single
zone VAV, VAV cooling and dual duct VAV systems.

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Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

• All-air, Air-water and All-water Systems:

They are classified according to the medium used to offset the space loading.
All-air systems: Only air is used to offset the spacing cooling or heating load.
Air-water systems: Both conditioned air and water are used.
All-water systems: Only water is used to offset the space loading through
terminal units.

• Single Zone or Multi-Zone Systems:

It depends on the no. of zones to be handled by the system.

• Single Duct or Multiple Duct Systems:

It depends on the no. of supply air duct that is used to convey conditioned air
to various spaces.

• Fan Coil Unit Systems

Type of Systems: Two types of the systems are identified depending on the
way in handling fresh air supply:
Primary air fan coil system: Primary air (conditioned outdoor air) is treated in a
primary air handling unit (PAU) and is supplied to the space. There are two
common ways of supply:
To the mixing plenum of the fan coil (FCU) where it mixes with recirculating
room air before being conditioned in the unit.
To the room directly without going through the FCU.

Space ventilation fan coil system: There is no treatment of outdoor air in the
PAU. Outdoor air is admitted directly to the mixing plenum of the FCU where it
mixes with the recirculating air before being conditioned at the cooling/heating
coil. It is classified as an all-water system.

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Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

4. System Selection
For the system selection, some elements are significantly considered as follow:
 Air quality
 Thermal environmental control
 Noise
 Flexibility and reliability
 Operation and maintenance
 Plant and duct space
 Initial and operating costs
 Liquid leakage hazard
 Fire protection and smoke control
 Aesthetic reasons
 Central Systems or Packaged Unitary Systems
 Constant Air Volume(CAV) and Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
 All-air, Air-water and All-water Systems
 Single Zone or Multi-Zone Systems
 Single Duct or Multiple Duct Systems
 Fan Coil Unit Systems

For our final decision, we choose Primary air fan coil system for air conditioning of this
30-storey commercial buildings, Primary air (conditioned air) is treated in a PAU to the
mixing plenum of FCU and mixes with recirculating room air..
Primary air fan coil system is chosen because of some reasons:
• Guaranteed outdoor air
• Less condensate at FCU
• Less water leakage problem
• Less noise problem

Compare with air-water and all-air systems, we choose Air-water system for the
conditioned air.
Air-water system is chosen because of some reasons:

• Less ductwork
• Less power required for heat transport using water
• Greater flexibility in meeting requirements of various zones (two independent
sources

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 Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

Water Systems and Control

Several types of water systems with different no. of supply and return pipework and coils
are possible. 2-pipe system and 4-pipe system are commonly used.
As the winter condition in Hong Kong is mild and this condition is neglected for this report,
2-pipe water system is chosen. In the two-pipe system, chilled and/or hot water will be
supplied to the coil during cooling and/or heating modes respectively through a pair of
pipework.

5. Detailed Design
∵ No A/C system in toilets
∴ exhaust fan should be added
 Required air change rate of toilet: 6-10 ACH
 Taking the median, the required exhausted air volume of female toilet is 280 m³/h
and
331.2 m³/h for male toilet

Male toilet & Female toilet, Switch room, Disable Toilet, Cleaning Room
 Panasonic –
FV-20WUL107

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 Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

6. System Operation and Control

The cooling and heating can be provided. The mixture of PA and recirculating room air is
passed through the cooling and heating coils in the FCU for treatment before being
admitted to the space. The PAU provides preliminary treatment of the outdoor air.

Heating can be provide by the FCU through hot water heating coil or electric heater. It can
also be catered for by the warm PA. The actual system operation depends on the system
used for two-pipe systems.

7. Reference
Window Mount Type Ventilating Fan 
http://www.panasonic.hk/english/products/living/ventilation-air-
conditioning/ventilating-fan/fv-20wul107.aspx

Fan coil unit model

http://daikin.mcquay.hu/2_H%C5%B1t%C3%A9s-%20%C3%A9s%20l%C3%A9gtechnikai
%20rendszerek/Documents/04_[Angol]_Fancoil_Katal%C3%B3gus/Fan-coil%20katalogus
%202011%20%C3%BAj%20kazett%C3%A1s%20t%C3%ADpusokkal.pd

PAU model
http://www.yorkthai.com/upload/product/fie/fie97-911.pdf
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Building Services System Design A (BSE4303)

8. Appendix
Append I Psychometric chart
Append II EAF
Append III Check figure
Append IV environmental design air supply rate person
Append V Selection of PAU
Append VI Selection of FCU
Append VII reflected ceiling plan
Append VIIII rect. duct sizing
Append IX Psychometric Chart
Append X PAU selection
Append XI PAD sizing
Append XII FCU duct sizing
Append XIII Fan-coil Catalogue 2011
Append XIV Circular Equivalents of Rec. duct
Append XV Critical Path
Append XVI Duct Sizing (all paths)
Append XVII HVAC.dwg
Append XVIII AC Room calculation sheet
Append XIX Design for duct sizing (FCU)
Append XX Design of Air Diffuser
Append XXI section view
Append XXII reflected ceiling plan

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