X / PHYS ICS

MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

PRACTICE SHEET
SOLUTION
1. What is meant by magnetic field?
Ans. Magnetic Field :- The space surrounding a magnet in which magnetic force is exerted, is
called a magnetic field. The magnetic field has both magnitude as well as direction.

2. How is the direction of magnetic field at a point determined?

Ans. The tangent drawn at any point on a magnetic field line of force determines the direction of
magnetic field at that point.

3. Define a magnetic field lines?

Ans. The path traced by a magnetic north pole free to move under the influence of a magnetic field
is called magnetic field lines.

4. At what place of the magnet are the magnetic field lines denser?
Ans. At poles of a magnet, the magnetic field lines are denser.

5. How is the strength of the magnetic field around a straight wire, related to the amount of
electric current flowing in the wire?
Ans. The strength of the magnetic field around a wire increases as the amount of electric current
flowing in the wire increases.

6. How can it be shown that magnetic field exists around a wire through which direct
current is passing?
Ans. If we bring a compass needle near wire and it shows deflection which proves that there is
magnetic field due to current carrying wire. The deflection is made due to the force of
attraction or repulsion by magnetic field made by the direct current and the presence of a
magnet in compass.

7. An alternating current has frequency of 50 Hz. How many times does it change its
direction in one second?
Ans. An alternating current has frequency of 50 Hz. It changes its direction 100 times in one second.

8. Define electromagnetic induction.

Ans. Whenever there is a change in magnetic flux linked with a coil or any circuit then an induced
EMF is developed in the coil. This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.

9. When is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field

largest?
Ans. When a current carrying conductor is placed in magnetic field it will experience a force
F  IB sin 
When   90 , then sin90  1
So, when   90 , force will be having largest value.

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10. What is the frequency of direct current (D.C)?

Ans. The answer splits roughly into two types:-
 Those which say that DC cannot be said to have a frequency, because in case of DC
direction of flow of current does not changes.
 Those which say that DC can be regarded as having a frequency of 0 Hz.

11. What is the meaning of the term “frequency” of an alternating current? What is its value
in India?
Ans. Frequency of AC means in one second of time how many times the direction of flow of current
changes. In India frequency of AC is 50 Hz.

12. What do you understand by the current rating of an electric fuse?

Ans. A fuse rating is the current need to blow (break) the fuse. When a fuse has blown it removes
electrical power from an electric circuit.

13. State the characteristic properties of an electric fuse. Why it is always made thin?
Ans. Characteristic properties of an electric fuse are as follows:
(i) It must have high resistance & low melting point.
(ii) It should be made up of lead & tin alloy.
(iii) It should always be connected in series with live wire.
(iv) It should be thin.
A fuse wire is always made thin because, thin wire has a greater resistance.
Due to high resistances, more heat is produced due to which it melts easily & acts as a safety
device.

14. Why is an alternating curre nt considered to be advantageous over direct current for long
range trans mission of electric ene rgy?
Ans. The major advantage that AC electricity has over DC electricity is that AC voltages can be
readily transformed to higher or lower voltage levels, while it is difficult to do that with DC
voltages. Since, high voltages are more efficient for se nding electricity great distances, AC
electricity has an advantage over it.

15. State the rule to determine the direction of curre nt induced in a coil due to its rotation in
a magnetic field.
Ans. Fle ming’s right hand rule:-
If we stretch forefinger, middle finger and thumb of our right hand in such a way that fore
finger points along the direction of magnetic field, thumb along the direction of motion of
conductor then the direction in which middle finger points, gives the direction of induced
current.

16. How is induced current in a secondary coil related to current in a primary coil?
Ans. As the current in the primary coil increases steadily or decreases steadily, there is a constant
voltage induced in the secondary coil. The ratio between the voltages in the coils is the same as
the ratio of the number of turns in the coils.
Vp N p

Vs N s

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17. State the rule to determine the direction of a (i) magnetic field produced around a
straight conductor-carrying current, (ii) force experienced by a current-carrying straight
conductor placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to it, and (iii) curre nt
induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.
current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.
Ans. (i) the direction of magnetic field produced around a current – carrying conductor can be
determined by right hand thumb rule:
Right hand thumb rule: – According to this rule, imagine a straight current carrying
conductor in you right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of current, then the
direction in which fingers encircle the wire will give the direction of magnetic field lines.
(ii) The direction of force experienced by a current – carrying straight conductor placed in a
magnetic field which is perpendicular to it can be determined by Fleming’s left hand rule.
Fle ming’s left hand rule:
It states that, if we stretch forefinger, middle finger and thumb of our left hand perpendicular to
each other in such a way that fore finger points along the directio n of magnetic field, central
finger points along the direction of current then, thumb will indicate the direction of force or
direction of motion of the conductor.
(iii)The direction of current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field ca n be
determined by Fleming’s right hand rule.
Fle ming’s right hand rule:
If we stretch forefinger, middle finger and thumb of our right hand in such a way that fore
finger points along the direction of magnetic field, thumb along the direction of motion of
conductor then the direction in which center finger points, gives the direction of induced
current.

18. An electric oven of 2 KW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220V)
that has a current rating of 5 A. What result do you expect? Explain.
Ans. Power (P)  Voltage(V)  Current (I)
P 2000
I    9.09 ampere
V 220
This much current will flow. Since the current rating of oven is 5 Ampere, so it will not bear
current more than 5 Ampere & and fuse wire will be broken.

19. Explain in brief: (a) Short circuiting (b) Overloading

Ans. (a) Short circuiting: Whenever live wire and neutral wire directly touch each other then this
incident is known as short circuiting. It may occur either due to damage to the insulations
or due to any fault in the electrical appliances.
Due to short circuiting, resistance of circuit decreases so much that the current rises to very
high which results in excessive heating of live wire & sparking may be followed by fire.
(b) Over loading: It occurs when an electric circuit draws more current than the permitted
value. If a large number of electric devices having low resistances are connected in parallel
then a large current is drawn, which results in over heating of connecting wires which may
lead to fire.

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20. Draw a sche matic diagram of domestic electric wiring. Explain each block with its
application.
Ans.

From electric pole two wires namely live wire (L) and neutral wire (N) enter our house.
Live wire is at higher potential of 220 volt while neutral wire is at zero potential.
Now live wire enters a box in which main fuse is put in the live wire.
Now, these two wires enter in electric meter which record electricity consumption in
kWh. Earth wire is the third wire whose one end is buried deep under the earth and
another end with meter and then to main switch. It is shown by dotted line. Now after
coming out of meter they are connected to main switch. Main switch can cutoff the
electricity supplied to house as per requirement. There is one more fuse in live wire
called consumer fuse. Now power line coming from the main switch is taken to the
distribution board. From here wires go to different parts of house. Various distribution
circuits are connected in parallel across live wire and neutral wire.

–END OF SOLUTION–

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