Advanced Fire Engineering in Practice

Software Tools

FDS – CFD Analysis Of Temperature Development In An Enclosure

From A Fire With A Defined Heat Release Rate
- Benchmark case -

Kalliopi Zografopoulou, M.Sc., Doctoral Candidate

Professor Euripidis Mistakidis

Laboratory of Structural Analysis and Design

Dept. of Civil Engineering - University of Thessaly
Volos, Greece, web page: http://lsad.civ.uth.gr

Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden

 Introduction Benchmark case
Experiment Based on the experiments of Lonnermark
Geometry
Fire and Ingason (Brandforsk project, 2005)
Results

Model
A series of experiments was performed to
Software test the influence of the compartment’s
Geometry
Materials
dimensions on the fire development
Fire
Computational The test with the smallest enclosure
Mesh
Analysis dimensions of 1.00 x 1.00 x 0.925 m is
Results used as the benchmark case
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction Enclosure 1.00 x 1.00 x 0.925 m
Experiment Opening of 0.30 x 0.30 m
Geometry
Fire
Results

Model
Software
Geometry
Materials
Fire
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction Wood crib
Experiment Recorded Heat Release Rate
Geometry
Fire
Results

Model
Software
Geometry
Materials
Fire
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction Recorded temperature–time histories
Experiment by five thermocouples in the enclosure
Geometry
Fire
Results

Model
Software
Geometry
Materials
Fire
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction
Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)
Experiment
Geometry Computational Fluid Dynamics code for the
Fire
Results simulation of thermally driven flows with an
emphasis on smoke and heat transport from
Model fires.
Software
Geometry
• Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)
Materials
Fire • Large Eddy Simulation (LES)
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction
The same as in the experiment
Experiment
Geometry
Fire
Results

Model
Software
Geometry
Materials
Fire
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction
Experiment Wall Materials
Geometry
Fire
Results Gypsum Plaster

Model Specific Heat [kJ/(kg. K)] 0.84

Software
Conductivity [W/(m.K)] 0.48
Geometry
Materials Emissivity 0.90
Fire
Computational Absorption Coeff. [1/m] 0.0005
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction
Heat Release Rate curve of the
Experiment experiment as input
Geometry
Fire
Results

Model
Software
Geometry
Materials
Fire
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction
Two parallel meshes
2x259.200 cells of 0.01x0.01x0.01 m
Experiment Half of the model simulated - symmetry
Geometry
Fire
Results

Model
Software
Geometry
Materials
Fire
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction
- Large Eddy simulation
- Simulation time 1800 sec
Experiment - Simulation time step ≤ 0.1 sec
Geometry
Fire
Results

Model
Software
Geometry
Materials
Fire
Computational
Mesh
Analysis

Results
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction
Model predicted temperature - time histories
Experiment 500

Geometry 450
Fire
400
Results
350
Temperature oC

Model 300
Software 250
Geometry
200
Materials
Fire 150

Computational 100
Mesh
50
Analysis
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Results Time [sec]

Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Introduction Relatively simple problem
Experiment
Geometry Basic problem of temperature calculation
Fire from a defined fire (HRR curve)
Results

Model Most parameters set to default values

Software
Geometry
Materials Easy to replicate
Fire
Computational
Mesh Compared to experimental results
Analysis

Results
Benchmark problem
Summary
Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden
 Thank you for your attention
E-mail: kazograf@gmail.com

Laboratory of Structural Analysis and Design

Dept. of Civil Engineering - University of Thessaly
Volos, Greece, web page: http://lsad.civ.uth.gr

Kalliopi Zografopoulou 12 – 15 March 2014, Lulea, Sweden