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Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 5:: Spinal Column Deformities
Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 5:: Spinal Column Deformities
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
AKA
Spinal curvature
Infantile scoliosis
Juvenile scoliosis
idiopathic scoliosis
most common type. It is grouped by age.
In children age 3 and younger--infantile scoliosis.
In kids age 4 - 10--juvenile scoliosis.
In older kids age 11 – 18 --adolescent scoliosis.
most often affects girls.
Curving generally gets worse during a growth spurt.
Congenital scoliosis
This type of scoliosis is present at birth. It occurs when the baby’s
ribs or spine bones do not form properly.
Neuromuscular scoliosis
This type is caused by a nervous system problem that affects your
muscles, such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida,
and polio.
Symptoms
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depends on the type, cause, and severity of the curve. The more
severe the curving, the more likely it will get worse after stop
growing.
People with mild scoliosis do very well with braces. They usually do
not have long-term problems. However, scoliosis can make more
likely to have back pain when get older.
The outlook for those with neuromuscular or congenital scoliosis
varies.
Patients with neuromuscular scoliosis have another serious disorder
(like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy) so their goals are much
different.
Often the goal of surgery is simply to allow a child to be able to sit
upright in a wheelchair.
Congenital scoliosis is difficult to treat and usually requires many
surgeries.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0
002221/
Hedequist DJ. Surgical treatment of congenital
scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 2007;38:497-509,
vi. [PubMed]
Lonner BS. Emerging minimally invasive
technologies for the management of scoliosis.
Orthop Clin North Am. 2007;38:431-440. [PubMed]
AKA
Scheuermann's disease;
Roundback;
Hunchback;
Postural kyphosis
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/figures/A00423F02.jpg 3/5/2012
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Spine x-ray
Pulmonary function tests (if kyphosis affects
breathing)
MRI (if there may be a tumor, infection, or
neurological symptoms)
Achondroplasia
Benign juvenile lordosis (not medically significant)
Spondylolisthesis
http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/orthopaedics/
lordosis.html
Observation
physical therapy
bracing.
most severe cases require surgery
http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/orthopaedics/
lordosis.html
http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibr
ary/orthopaedics/lordosis.html
http://www.oif.org/images/content/pagebuilder/94682.jpg
most common.
People who have type 1 disease generally reach
normal height and have few obvious skeletal
deformities.
typically causes more fractures during childhood
than in adulthood.
Hearing loss is pronounced and begins early in
childhood.
http://www.beltina.org/health-dictionary/osteogenesis-imperfecta-types-
treatment.html
http://www.thachers.org/images/Osteogenesis_imperfecta_blue_sclera.JPG
http://cnx.org/content/m15020/latest/Cases_40_41_42-pres1-1.jpg
http://jorthod.maneyjournals.org/content/vol30/issue4/images/large/Ki
nd.f1c.jpeg
http://www.beltina.org/pics/osteogenesis_imperfecta.j
pg
This baby's extremities are positioned oddly because there have been
multiple fractures due to osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). This disease leads
to multiple fractures. The basic problem is a defect in the formation of
type 1 collagen that forms bone matrix. There are several types of OI with
different inheritance patterns. http://medgen.genetics.utah.edu/photographs/diseases/high/peri021.jpg
o palliative
o steroids
o calcium
o vit C
o sodium fluoride
o PT
o casting
o bracing
o telescoping intramedullary rods – to maintain mobility and
promote ambulation
o research ongoing – Biphophonates
There are other types of OI, but they occur very infrequently and
most are considered subtypes of the moderately severe form
(type IV).
http://jorthod.maneyjournals.org/content/vol30/issue4/images/large/Ki
nd.f1c.jpeg