CONCLUSION

In conclusion, all student be able to apply Kirchhoff’s Law for the

parallel circuit or circuit with two loops. Second, student be able to verify
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL).
Lastly, based on this experiment student be able to determine the curents and
voltage drop in each loops of the circuit.

REFERENCES

Author : David A.Bell

Title : Fundamentals of electric circuits
Publisher : Oxford University press
Edition : 7th edition
Year : 1991

Author : Poh Liong Yong, Mohd Rohit Safuan,

Title : Physics For Matriculation Semester 2
Publisher : Oxford fajar
Edition : 5th edition
Page : 80-82
Year : 2017

Author : Serway, Raymond et.al

Title : College Physics
Publisher : Thomson Brooks/Cole
Published at : Australia
Edition : 7th edition
Year : 2006
Discussion
Kirchhoff’s Law are fundamental to circuit theory. They quantify how current
flows through a circuit and how voltage varies around a loop in a circuit. Kirchhoff’s
1st Law or Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states that current flowing into a node (or a
junction) must be equal to current flowing out of it. This is a consequence of charge
conservation. Kirchhoff’s 2nd Law or Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the sum
of all voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must equal zero. This is
consequence of charge conservation and also conservation of energy.
Based on the experiment, the potential differences at each node are
VS = 10.0V, V1 = 3.0V, V2 = 3.4V, V3 = 1.8V, V4 = 1.6V and V5 = 3.6V. The total KVL
for loop 1 by using the equation given is 0V while the KVL for loop 2 is also 0V.
However, the sum of all potential differences around the loop in this experiment is
totally same from the theoretical value which is 0.0V. It’s show that this experiment
totally accurate and don’t have any error. Based on the equation V = IR, when
resistance increase, potential differences also increase. This is because potential
differences need overcome the resistance in the circuit. When the value of potential
differences is higher than it supposed to be, then it will affect the sum of all potential
differences which also will affect the value of KVL.
Next, the current flow at each node is IS = 3.1A, I1 = 3.1A, I2 = 1.5A, I3 = 1.6A,
I4 = 1.6A and I5 = 3.1A. The total KCL at each node is the same which is 0V. At this
point, the value of each branch current and the total current in the circuit are already
known. The total current in a parallel circuit must equal the sum of the branch
current. This experiment also totally accurate and don’t have any error because the
value is totally same to theoretical value
The value of each resistor are R1 = 1 KΩ, R2 = 2.1 KΩ, R3 = 1 KΩ, R4 = 1.2
KΩ, R5 = 0.8 KΩ. Some value of the resistance is not equal to its actual value. For
example R2 should be 2.4 KΩ and R5 should be 1.2 KΩ. This value can be affected
by tolerance of the resistor itself. If the value is still in the range of its tolerance, so
the resistor is still functional. But, there is still error that could happened when
handling this experiment. for example, the multimeter did not calibrate correctly.
Then, the eye level is not perpendicular to the meter scale which can affect the
resistor’s reading. Besides, the quality of the resistors and multimeter also can affect
its actual value. These errors can be overcome by calibrate the multimeter correctly
and precisely before measure any reading of the resistor. Make sure the eye level is
perpendicular to meter scale to ensure that the value is accurate. Lastly, use a better
quality of resistor and multimeter.