MUSCLE MUSCLE GROUP PROXIMAL DISTAL ATTACHMENT

ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN) (INSERTION)

Biceps barchii Arm Short head: tip of coracoid Radial tuberosity, fascia of
(Short head) process of scapula forearm via bicipital
aponeurosis

Biceps barchii Arm Long head: supraglenoid Radial tuberosity, fascia of

(Long head) tubercle of scapula forearm via bicipital
aponeurosis

Brachialis Arm Distal half of anterior Coronoid process and

surface of humerus tuberosity of ulna

Coracobrachialis Arm Coracoid process of scapula Middle third of medial

surface of humerus
Triceps brachii Arm Long head: infraglenoid Posterior surface of
(Long head) tubercle of scapula olecranon process of ulna

Triceps brachii Arm Lateral head: upper half of Posterior surface of

(Lateral head) posterior humerus olecranon process of ulna

Triceps brachii Arm Medial head: distal 2/3 of Posterior surface of

(Medial head) medial and posterior olecranon process of ulna
humerus

Anconeus Arm Lateral epicondyle of Lateral surface of olecranon

humerus (posterior surface) and superior part of
posterior surface of ulna

Pectoralis (major) Axillary anterior Sternal half of clavicle, Lateral lip of

sternum to 7th rib, intertubercular sulcus of
cartilages of true ribs, humerus
aponeurosis of external
abdominal oblique muscle

Pectoralis (minor) Axillary anterior Outer surface of upper Coracoid process of scapula
margin of ribs 3–5

Subclavious Axillary anterior Upper border of 1st rib and Inferior surface of middle
its cartilage third of clavicle
Serratus anterior Axillary anterior External surfaces of lateral Costal anterior surface of
parts of 1–8th ribs medial border of scapula

Levator scapulae Axillary posterior Posterior tubercles of Medial border of scapula

Extrinsic (deep) transverse processes of C1– from superior angle to spine
C4
 Rhomboid (minor) Axillary posterior Nuchal ligament, spines of Medial border of scapula at
Extrinsic (deep) C7 and T1 vertebrae spine of scapula

Rhomboid (major) Axillary posterior Spinous processes of T2– Medial border of scapula
Extrinsic (deep) T5 vertebrae below base of spine of
scapula

Serratus posterior Axillary posterior Nuchal ligament, spinous Superior aspect of ribs 2–4
(superior) Extrinsic processes of C7–T3
(intermediate)
Serratus posterior Axillary posterior Spinous processes of T11- Inferior aspect of ribs 9–12
(inferior) respiratory Extrinsic L2
(intermediate)
Trapezius Axillary posterior Medial third of superior Lateral third of clavicle,
Extrinsic nuchal line, external acromion, and spine of
(superficial) occipital protuberance, scapula
nuchal ligament, spinous
processes of C7–T12

Latissimus dorsi Axillary posterior Spinous processes of T7– Floor of intertubercular

Extrinsic L5, thoracolumbar fascia, sulcus of humerus
(superficial) iliac crest, and last three
ribs

Iliocostalis Axillary posterior Posterior sacrum, iliac angles of lower ribs and
(erector spinae) Intrinsic crest, sacrospinous cervical transverse
(intermediate) ligament, supraspinous processes
ligament, spinous processes
of lower lumbar and sacral
vertebrae

Longissimus Axillary posterior Posterior sacrum, iliac between tubercles and

(erector spinae) Intrinsic crest, sacrospinous
(intermediate) ligament, supraspinous
ligament, spinous processes
of lower lumbar and sacral
vertebrae
angles of ribs, transverse
processes of thoracic and
cervical vertebrae, and
mastoid process

Spinalis Axillary posterior Posterior sacrum, iliac spinous processes of upper

(erector spinae) Intrinsic crest, sacrospinous thoracic and midcervical
(intermediate) ligament, supraspinous vertebrae
ligament, spinous processes
of lower lumbar and sacral
vertebrae
Splenius capitis Axillary posterior Nuchal ligament, spinous Mastoid process of
Intrinsic process of C7–T3 temporal bone and lateral
(superficial) third of superior nuchal line

Splenius cervicis Axillary posterior Spinous process of T3–T6 Transverse process (C1–
Intrinsic C3)
(superficial)

Rectus capitus major Back posterior Spine of axis Lateral inferior nuchal line
Intrinsic (deep)

Rectus capitus minor Back posterior Tubercle of posterior arch Median inferior nuchal line
Intrinsic (deep) of atlas

Obliquus capitus Back posterior Transverse process of atlas Occipital bone

superior Intrinsic (deep)

Obliquus capitus Back posterior Spine of axis Transverse process of atlas

inferior Intrinsic (deep)

Flexor digitorum Forearm Proximal 3/4 of medial and Palmar base of distal
profundus Anterior (Deep) anterior surfaces of ulna phalangeal bones of 2nd,
and interosseous membrane 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits

Flexor pollicis Forearm Anterior surface of radius Palmar base of distal

longus Anterior (Deep) and interosseous membrane phalanx of thumb

Pronator quadratus Forearm Distal fourth of anterior Distal fourth of anterior

Anterior (Deep) surface of ulna surface of radius

Flexor digitorum Forearm Humeroulnar head: medial Bodies of middle

superficialis Anterior epicondyle of humerus, phalangeal bones of medial
(Humeroulnar head) (Intermediate) oronoid, process of ulna, four digits
ulnar collateral ligament
 Flexor digitorum Forearm Radial head: superior half Bodies of middle
superficialis Anterior of anterior radius phalangeal bones of medial
(Radial head) (Intermediate) four digits

Pronator teres Forearm Humeral head: medial Midway along lateral

(Humeral head) Anterior epicondyle of humerus surface of radius
(Superficial)
Pronator teres Forearm Ulnar head: coronoid Midway along lateral
(Ulnar head) Anterior process of ulna surface of radius
(Superficial)
Flexor carpi radialis Forearm Medial epicondyle of Base of 2nd (3rd)
Anterior humerus metacarpal
(Superficial)
Flexor carpi ulnaris Forearm Humeral (Superficial) head: Pisiform bone, hook of
(Humeral head) Anterior Medial epicondyle of hamate bone, base of 5th
(Superficial) humerus metacarpal
Flexor carpi ulnaris Forearm Ulnar (Deep) head: Pisiform bone, hook of
(Ulnar head) Anterior olecranon and posterior hamate bone, base of 5th
(Superficial) border of ulna (via metacarpal
aponeurosis)

Palmaris longus Forearm Medial epicondyle of humDistal half of flexor

Anterior retinaculum and palmar
(Superficial) aponeurosis
Abductor pollicis Forearm Posterior surface of ulna, Base of 1st metacarpal
longus Posterior (Deep radius, and interosseous
"Outcrop") membrane
Extensor pollicis Forearm Posterior surface of middle Dorsal base of distal
longus Posterior (Deep third of ulna, interosseous phalanx of thumb
"Outcrop") membrane

Extensor pollicis Forearm Posterior surface of radius Dorsal base of proximal

brevis Posterior (Deep and interosseous membrane phalanx of thumb
"Outcrop")

Extensor indicis Forearm Posterior surface of ulna Extensor expansion of 2nd

Posterior (Deep and interosseous membrane digit
"Outcrop")

Supinator Forearm Lateral epicondyle of Lateral, posterior, and

Posterior (Deep) humerus, radial collateral anterior surfaces of
and anular ligaments, proximal third of radius
supinator fossa, and crest of
ulna

Brachioradialis Forearm Proximal 2/3 of lateral Lateral side of distal end of

Posterior supracondylar ridge of radius
(Superficial) humerus
 Extensor carpi Forearm Distal third of lateral Base of 2nd metacarpal and
radialis longus Posterior supracondylar ridge of slip to 3rd metacarpal
(Superficial) humerus
Extensor carpi Forearm Lateral epicondyle of Base of 3rd metacarpal and
radialis brevis Posterior humerus slip to 2nd metacarpal
(Superficial)

Extensor digitorum Forearm Lateral epicondyle of Extensor expansions of

Posterior humerus medial four digits
(Superficial)

Extensor digiti Forearm Lateral epicondyle of Extensor expansion of 5th

minimi Posterior humerus digit
(Superficial)

Extensor carpi Forearm Lateral epicondyle of Base of 5th metacarpal

ulnaris Posterior humerus and posterior (dorsal aspect)
(Superficial) border of ulna

Palmaris brevis Hand Palmar aponeurosis and Skin of medial border of

flexor retinaculum palm
Dorsal interosseous Hand (Short Adjacent sides of two Base of proximal
muscles (1-4) muscle) metacarpals (as bipennate phalangeal bones, extensor
muscles) expansion of digits 2–4

Lumbricals Hand (Short Lateral two tendons of Lateral sides of extensor

(first and second) muscle) flexor digitorum profundus expansion of digits 2 and 3

Lumbricals Hand (Short Medial three tendons of Lateral sides of extensor

(third and fourth) muscle) flexor digitorum profundus expansion of digits 4 and 5

Palmar interosseous Hand (Short Sides of metacarpal bones Bases of proximal phalanx
muscles (1-3) muscle) 2, 4, and 5 and extensor expansion of
digits 2, 4, and 5
Abductor digiti minimi Hand (Hypothenar) Pisiform bone and tendon Medial side of base of
of flexor carpi ulnaris proximal phalanx of little
finger (5th digit)
Flexor digiti minimi Hand (Hypothenar) Flexor retinaculum and Medial side of base of
brevis hook of hamate bone proximal phalanx of little
finger

Opponens digiti Hand (Hypothenar) Flexor retinaculum and Palmar surface of 5th
minimi hook of hamate bone metacarpal

Abductor pollicis Hand (Thenar) Flexor retinaculum, Base of proximal phalanx

brevis tubercles of scaphoid and of thumb
trapezium bones
Adductor pollicis Hand (Thenar) Oblique head: bases of 2nd Base of proximal phalanx
Oblique head and 3rd metacarpals and of thumb
capitate bone and adjacent
bones
Adductor pollicis Hand (Thenar) Transverse head: anterior Base of proximal phalanx
Transverse head surface of 3rd metacarpal of thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis Hand (Thenar) Flexor retinaculum and Lateral side of base of
tubercle of trapezium bone proximal phalanx of thumb
Opponens pollicis Hand (Thenar) Flexor retinaculum and Lateral side of 1st
tubercle of trapezium bone metacarpal

Deltoid Shoulder (Intrinsic) Lateral third of clavicle, Deltoid tuberosity of

acromion, spine of scapula humerus
Supraspinatus Shoulder (Intrinsic) Supraspinous fossa of Greater tubercle of humerus
scapula and deep fascia (superior facet)

Infraspinatus Shoulder (Intrinsic) Infraspinous fossa of Greater tubercle of humerus

scapula and deep fascia (middle facet)

Teres minor Shoulder (Intrinsic) Upper 2/3 of posterior Greater tubercle of humerus
surface of lateral border of (inferior facet)
scapula

Teres major Shoulder (Intrinsic) Inferior part of lateral Medial lip of

boarder of scapula and intertubercular sulcus of
posterior surface of inferior humerus
angle of scapula

Subscapularis Shoulder (Intrinsic) Subscapular fossa (most of Lesser tubercle of humerus

anterior surface of scapula)
 INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY MAIN ACTIONS

Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches of Supinates forearm; in

(C5, C6) brachial artery suppination: flexes elbow
joint; flexes shoulder joint
(short head resists
dislocation of shoulder)

Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches of Supinates forearm; in

(C5,C6) brachial artery suppination: flexes elbow
joint; flexes shoulder joint
(short head resists
dislocation of shoulder)

Musculocutaneous nerve Radial recurrent artery, Flexes forearm at elbow at

and radial nerve (C5, C6) muscular branches of all positions
brachial artery
Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches of Flexes and adducts arm at
(C5, C6, C7) brachial artery shoulder
Radial nerve Branch of profunda brachii Extends forearm at elbow;
(C6, C7, C8) artery long head stabilizes head of
abducted humerus and
extends and adducts arm

Radial nerve Branch of profunda brachii Extends forearm at elbow;

(C6, C7, C8) artery long head stabilizes head of
abducted humerus and
extends and adducts arm

Radial nerve Branch of profunda brachii Extends forearm at elbow;

(C6, C7, C8) artery long head stabilizes head of
abducted humerus and
extends and adducts arm
Radial nerve Deep brachial artery Assists triceps brachii in
(C7, C8, T1) extending elbow; stabilizes
elbow joint; abducts ulna
during pronation

Medial and lateral Pectoral branch of Flexes, adducts, and

pectoral nerves thoracoacromial artery, medially rotates arm
perforating branches of
internal thoracic artery

Medial pectoral nerve Pectoral branch of Lowers lateral angle of

thoracoacromial artery, and scapula and protracts
superior and lateral thoracic scapula
arteries
Nerve to subclavius Clavicular branch of Anchors and depresses
thoracoacromial artery clavicle
Long thoracic nerve Lateral thoracic artery Protracts and rotates
(C5, C6, C7) scapula and holds it against
thoracic wall
Dorsal scapular (C5) and Dorsal scapular artery, Elevates scapula medially,
cervical (C3, C4) spinal transverse cervical artery, inferiorly rotates glenoid
nerves ascending cervical artery fossa
Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular artery OR Fixes scapula to thoracic
deep branch of transverse wall and retracts and rotates
cervical artery, dorsal it to depress glenoid cavity
perforating branches of
upper five or six posterior
intercostal arteries

Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular OR deep Fixes scapula to thoracic

branch of transverse wall and retracts and rotates
cervical artery, dorsal it to depress glenoid cavity
perforating branches of
upper five or six posterior
intercostal arteries

Anterior rami of upper Posterior intercostal arteries Elevate ribs (used for
thoracic nerves respiration)

Anterior rami of lower Posterior intercostal arteries Depress ribs (used for
thoracic nerves respiration)

Accessory nerve (cranial Transverse cervical artery, Descending (superior) part:

nerve XI; motor fibers) dorsal perforating branches elevates
and C3, C4 spinal nerves of posterior intercostal Ascending (inferior) part:
arteries depresses
Middle part (or all
parts together): retracts
scapula; descending and
ascending parts act together to
rotate glenoid cavity
superiorly.

Thoracodorsal nerve Thoracodorsal artery, dorsal Extends, adducts, and

(C6, C7, C8) perforating branches of 9th, medially rotates humerus;
10th, and 11th posterior raises body toward arms
intercostal, subcostal, and during climbing
first three lumbar arteries

Dorsal rami of each Cervical portions: occipital, deep Extends and laterally bends
region cervical, and vertebral arteries vertebral column and head
Thoracic portions:
dorsal branches of posterior
intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar
arteries Sacral
portions: dorsal branches of lateral
sacral arteries

Dorsal rami of each Cervical portions: occipital, deep Extends and laterally bends
region cervical, and vertebral arteries vertebral column and head
Thoracic portions:
dorsal branches of posterior
intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar
arteries Sacral
portions: dorsal branches of lateral
sacral arteries

Dorsal rami of middle Cervical portions: occipital, deep Extends and laterally bends
cervical, and vertebral arteries vertebral column and head
Thoracic portions:
dorsal branches of posterior
intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar
arteries Sacral
portions: dorsal branches of lateral
sacral arteries
Dorsal rami of middle Descending branch of Bilateral: extend
occipital artery, deep head Unilateral: laterally
cervical artery bends (flexes) and rotates
face to same side

Dorsal rami of lower Descending branch of Bilateral: extend neck

cervical nerves occipital artery, deep Unilateral: laterally bend
cervical artery (flex) and rotate neck
toward same side

Suboccipital nerve (C1) Vertebral artery, Extends and rotates head to

descending branch of same side
occipital artery
Suboccipital nerve (C1) Vertebral artery, Extends head
descending branch of
occipital artery
Suboccipital nerve (C1) Vertebral artery, Extends and bends head
descending branch of laterally
occipital artery

Suboccipital nerve (C1) Vertebral artery, Rotates atlas to turn face to

descending branch of same side
occipital artery

Medial part: Ulnar nerve Anterior interosseous Flexes distal phalangeal

(C8, T1) artery, muscular branches bones of medial four digits,
Lateral part: Median of ulnar artery assists with flexion of hand
nerve (C8, T1) at wrist

Median nerve (anterior Anterior interosseous artery Flexes phalangeal bones of

interosseous nerve) thumb
(C8, T1)
Median nerve (anterior Anterior interosseous artery Pronates forearm; deep
interosseous nerve) fibers bind radius and ulna
together
Median nerve Ulnar and radial arteries Flexes middle and proximal
(C7, C8, T1) phalangeal bones of medial
four digits, flexes hand at
wrist
Median nerve Ulnar and radial arteries Flexes middle and proximal
(C7, C8, T1) phalangeal bones of medial
four digits, flexes hand at
wrist

Median nerve Anterior ulnar recurrent Pronates forearm and

(C6, C7) artery weakly flexes elbow

Median nerve Anterior ulnar recurrent Pronates forearm and

(C6, C7) artery weakly flexes elbow

Median nerve Radial artery Flexes and abducts hand at

(C6, C7) wrist

Ulnar nerve Posterior ulnar recurrent Flexes and abducts hand at

(C7, C8) artery wrist

Posterior ulnar recurrent Flexes and abducts hand at

artery wrist

Median nerve Posterior ulnar recurrent Flexes hand at wrist and

(C7, C8, T1) artery tenses palmar aponeurosis

Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous Abducts and extends thumb

interosseous) artery at carpometacarpal joint

Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous Extends distal phalanx of

interosseous nerve) artery thumb at interphalangeal
and metacarpophalangeal
joints
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous Extends wrist joint; extends
interosseous nerve) artery proximal phalanx of thumb
at carpometacarpal joint

Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous Extends wrist joint; extends

interosseous nerve) artery 2nd digit (permititng
independent extension);
helps extend hand at wrist

Radial nerve (deep Radial recurrent artery, Supinates forearm; rotates

branch) (C7, C8) posterior interosseous radius to turn palm
arteries anteriorly or superiorly (if
elbow is flexed)

Radial nerve Radial recurrent artery Weak flexion of elbow

(C5, C6, C7) joint; force is maximum
when forearm is in
midpronated position
Radial nerve (C6, C7) Radial artery, radial Extends and abducts hand
recurrent artery at wrist; extends
carpometacarpal joints
Radial nerve (deep Radial artery, radial Extends and abducts hand
branch) (C7, C8) recurrent artery at wrist extends
carpometacarpal joints
(brevis is active during fist
clenching)

Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Extends wrist joint,

nerve (C7, C8), artery carpometacarpal joints;
continuation of deep extends medial four
branch of radial nerve metacarpophalangeal joints,
secondary at IP joints

Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Extends wrist joint,

nerve (C7, C8), artery carpometacarpal joints;
continuation of deep extends 5th finger at
branch of radial nerve metacarpophalangeal joints,
secondary at IP joints

Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Extends and adducts hand

nerve (C7, C8), artery at wrist (also active during
continuation of deep fist clenching)
branch of radial nerve
Superficial branch of Superficial palmar arch Deepens hollow of hand,
ulnar nerve assists grip
Ulnar nerve (deep Deep palmar arch Abduct digits; flex digits at
branch) metacarpophalangeal joint
and extend interphalangeal
joints
Median nerve (digital Superficial and deep palmar Extend digits at
branches) arches interphalangeal joints, flex
metacarpophalangeal joints
Ulnar nerve (deep Superficial and deep palmar Extend digits at
branch) arches interphalangeal joints, flex
metacarpophalangeal joints

Ulnar nerve (deep Deep palmar arch Adducts digits; flexes digits
branch) and extends interphalangeal
joints
Ulnar nerve (deep Deep palmar branch of Abducts little finger
branch) ulnar artery
Ulnar nerve (deep Deep palmar branch of Flexes proximal phalanx of
branch) ulnar artery little finger

Ulnar nerve (deep Deep palmar branch of Draws 5th metacarpal

branch) ulnar artery anteriorly and rotates it to
face thumb

Median nerve (recurrent Superficial palmar branch Abducts thumb

branch) of radial artery

Ulnar nerve (deep Deep palmar arch Adducts thumb

branch)

Ulnar nerve (deep Deep palmar arch Adducts thumb

branch)
Median nerve (recurrent Superficial palmar branch Flexes proximal phalanx of
branch) of radial artery thumb
Median nerve (recurrent Superficial palmar branch Draws 1st metacarpal
branch) of radial artery forward and rotates it
medially

Axillary nerve (C5, Posterior circumflex Clavicular (anterior) part:

C6) humeral artery, deltoid flexes and medially rotates
branch of thoracoacromial arm
artery Acromial (middle) part:
abducts arm after initial 15°
Spinal (posterior)
part: extends and laterally
rotates arm
Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Initiates arm abduction
(C4, C5, C6)

Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Lateral rotation of arm;

(C5, C6) assits in keeping humeral
head in glenoid cavity of
scapula
Axillary nerve (C5, Circumflex scapular artery Lateral rotation of arm;
C6) assits in keeping humeral
head in glenoid cavity of
scapula
Lower subscapular nerve Circumflex scapular artery Adducts and medially
(C5, C6) rotates arm

Upper and lower Subscapular artery, lateral Medially rotates and

subscapular nerves thoracic artery adducts arm; helps hold
(C5, C6, C7) humeral head in glenoid
fossa
 MUSCLE MUSCLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT
GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION)
Trapezius Axillary Medial third of superior nuchal Lateral third of clavicle,
posterior line, external occipital acromion, and spine of scapula
Extrinsic protuberance, nuchal ligament,
(superficial) spinous processes of C7–T12

Latissimus dorsi Axillary Spinous processes of T7–L5, Floor of intertubercular sulcus

posterior thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, of humerus
Extrinsic and last three ribs
(superficial)

Levator scapulae Axillary Posterior tubercles of transverse Medial border of scapula from
posterior processes of C1–C4 superior angle to spine
Extrinsic (deep)

Rhomboid (minor) Axillary Nuchal ligament, spines of C7 and Medial border of scapula at
posterior T1 vertebrae spine of scapula
Extrinsic (deep)

Rhomboid (major) Axillary Spinous processes of T2–T5 Medial border of scapula below
posterior vertebrae base of spine of scapula
Extrinsic (deep)

Serratus posterior Axillary Nuchal ligament, spinous Superior aspect of ribs 2–4
(superior) posterior processes of C7–T3
Extrinsic
(intermediate)
Serratus posterior Axillary Spinous processes of T11-L2 Inferior aspect of ribs 9–12
(inferior) respiratory posterior
Extrinsic
(intermediate)
Splenius capitis Axillary Nuchal ligament, spinous process Mastoid process of temporal
posterior of C7–T3 bone and lateral third of
Intrinsic superior nuchal line
(superficial)
Splenius cervicis Axillary Spinous process of T3–T6 Transverse process (C1–C3)
posterior
Intrinsic
(superficial)
Iliocostalis Axillary Posterior sacrum, iliac crest, angles of lower ribs and
(erector spinae) posterior sacrospinous ligament, cervical transverse processes
Intrinsic supraspinous ligament, spinous
(intermediate) processes of lower lumbar and
sacral vertebrae

Longissimus Axillary Posterior sacrum, iliac crest, between tubercles and angles of
(erector spinae) posterior sacrospinous ligament, ribs, transverse processes of
Intrinsic supraspinous ligament, spinous thoracic and cervical vertebrae,
(intermediate) processes of lower lumbar and and mastoid process
sacral vertebrae

Spinalis Axillary Posterior sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of upper

(erector spinae) posterior sacrospinous ligament, thoracic and midcervical
Intrinsic supraspinous ligament, spinous vertebrae
(intermediate) processes of lower lumbar and
sacral vertebrae

Rectus capitus major Back posterior Spine of axis Lateral inferior nuchal line
Intrinsic (deep)

Rectus capitus minor Back posterior Tubercle of posterior arch of atlas Median inferior nuchal line
Intrinsic (deep)

Obliquus capitus Back posterior Transverse process of atlas Occipital bone

superior Intrinsic (deep)

Obliquus capitus Back posterior Spine of axis Transverse process of atlas

inferior Intrinsic (deep)
 INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY MAIN ACTIONS

Accessory nerve Transverse cervical artery, Descending (superior) part:

(cranial nerve XI; dorsal perforating branches elevates
motor fibers) and of posterior intercostal Ascending (inferior) part:
C3, C4 spinal arteries depresses
Middle part (or all
nerves
parts together): retracts
scapula; descending and
ascending parts act together to
rotate glenoid cavity
superiorly.

Thoracodorsal Thoracodorsal artery, dorsal Extends, adducts, and

nerve perforating branches of 9th, medially rotates humerus;
(C6, C7, C8) 10th, and 11th posterior raises body toward arms
intercostal, subcostal, and during climbing
first three lumbar arteries

Dorsal scapular Dorsal scapular artery, Elevates scapula medially,

(C5) and cervical transverse cervical artery, inferiorly rotates glenoid
(C3, C4) spinal ascending cervical artery fossa
nerves

Dorsal scapular Dorsal scapular artery OR Fixes scapula to thoracic

nerve deep branch of transverse wall and retracts and rotates
cervical artery, dorsal it to depress glenoid cavity
perforating branches of
upper five or six posterior
intercostal arteries

Dorsal scapular Dorsal scapular OR deep Fixes scapula to thoracic

nerve branch of transverse wall and retracts and rotates
cervical artery, dorsal it to depress glenoid cavity
perforating branches of
upper five or six posterior
intercostal arteries

Anterior rami of Posterior intercostal arteries Elevate ribs (used for

upper thoracic respiration)
nerves

Anterior rami of Posterior intercostal arteries Depress ribs (used for

lower thoracic respiration)
nerves

Dorsal rami of Descending branch of Bilateral: extend

middle occipital artery, deep
cervical artery
Dorsal rami of Descending branch of
lower cervical occipital artery, deep
nerves cervical artery
head Unilateral: laterally
bends (flexes) and rotates
face to same side
Bilateral: extend neck
Unilateral: laterally bend
(flex) and rotate neck
toward same side
Dorsal rami of each Cervical portions: occipital, deep Extends and laterally bends
region cervical, and vertebral arteries vertebral column and head
Thoracic portions:
dorsal branches of posterior
intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar
arteries Sacral
portions: dorsal branches of lateral
sacral arteries

Dorsal rami of each Cervical portions: occipital, deep Extends and laterally bends
region cervical, and vertebral arteries vertebral column and head
Thoracic portions:
dorsal branches of posterior
intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar
arteries Sacral
portions: dorsal branches of lateral
sacral arteries

Dorsal rami of Cervical portions: occipital, deep Extends and laterally bends
middle cervical, and vertebral arteries vertebral column and head
Thoracic portions:
dorsal branches of posterior
intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar
arteries Sacral
portions: dorsal branches of lateral
sacral arteries

Suboccipital nerve Vertebral artery, Extends and rotates head to same

(C1) descending branch of side
occipital artery
Suboccipital nerve Vertebral artery, Extends head
(C1) descending branch of
occipital artery
Suboccipital nerve Vertebral artery, Extends and bends head laterally
(C1) descending branch of
occipital artery
Suboccipital nerve Vertebral artery, descending Rotates atlas to turn face to
(C1) branch of occipital artery same side
 MUSCLE MUSCLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT INNERVATION
GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION)
Deltoid Shoulder Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary nerve
(Intrinsic) spine of scapula (C5, C6)

Supraspinatus Shoulder Supraspinous fossa of scapula and Greater tubercle of humerus Suprascapular
(Intrinsic) deep fascia (superior facet) nerve (C4,
C5, C6)
Infraspinatus Shoulder Infraspinous fossa of scapula and Greater tubercle of humerus Suprascapular
(Intrinsic) deep fascia (middle facet) nerve (C5,
C6)
Teres minor Shoulder Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of Greater tubercle of humerus Axillary nerve
(Intrinsic) lateral border of scapula (inferior facet) (C5, C6)

Teres major Shoulder Inferior part of lateral boarder of Medial lip of intertubercular Lower subscapular
(Intrinsic) scapula and posterior surface of sulcus of humerus nerve (C5, C6)
inferior angle of scapula
Subscapularis Shoulder Subscapular fossa (most of Lesser tubercle of humerus Upper and lower
(Intrinsic) anterior surface of scapula) subscapular nerves
(C5, C6, C7)

Pectoralis (major) Axillary Sternal half of clavicle, sternum to Lateral lip of intertubercular Medial and lateral
anterior 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, sulcus of humerus pectoral nerves
aponeurosis of external abdominal
oblique muscle
Pectoralis (minor) Axillary Outer surface of upper margin of Coracoid process of scapula Medial pectoral
anterior ribs 3–5 nerve

Subclavious Axillary Upper border of 1st rib and its Inferior surface of middle third Nerve to
anterior cartilage of clavicle subclavius
Serratus anterior Axillary External surfaces of lateral parts of Costal anterior surface of Long thoracic
anterior 1–8th ribs medial border of scapula nerve
(C5, C6, C7)
 BLOOD SUPPLY MAIN ACTIONS

Posterior circumflex Clavicular (anterior) part:

humeral artery, deltoid
branch of thoracoacromial
artery
flexes and medially rotates
arm
Acromial (middle) part:
abducts arm after initial 15°
Spinal (posterior)
part: extends and laterally
rotates arm

Suprascapular artery Initiates arm abduction

Suprascapular artery Lateral rotation of arm;

assits in keeping humeral
head in glenoid cavity of
scapula
Circumflex scapular artery Lateral rotation of arm;
assits in keeping humeral
head in glenoid cavity of
scapula
Circumflex scapular artery Adducts and medially
rotates arm

Subscapular artery, lateral Medially rotates and

thoracic artery adducts arm; helps hold
humeral head in glenoid
fossa
Pectoral branch of Flexes, adducts, and
thoracoacromial artery, medially rotates arm
perforating branches of
internal thoracic artery
Pectoral branch of Lowers lateral angle of
thoracoacromial artery, and scapula and protracts
superior and lateral thoracic scapula
arteries
Clavicular branch of Anchors and depresses
thoracoacromial artery clavicle
Lateral thoracic artery Protracts and rotates
scapula and holds it against
thoracic wall
 MUSCLE MUSCLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT
GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION)
Biceps barchii Arm Short head: tip of coracoid process Radial tuberosity, fascia of
(Short head) of scapula forearm via bicipital
aponeurosis

Biceps barchii Arm Long head: supraglenoid tubercle Radial tuberosity, fascia of
(Long head) of scapula forearm via bicipital
aponeurosis

Brachialis Arm Distal half of anterior surface of Coronoid process and

humerus tuberosity of ulna

Coracobrachialis Arm Coracoid process of scapula Middle third of medial surface

of humerus
Triceps brachii Arm Long head: infraglenoid tubercle Posterior surface of olecranon
(Long head) of scapula process of ulna

Triceps brachii Arm Lateral head: upper half of Posterior surface of olecranon
(Lateral head) posterior humerus process of ulna

Triceps brachii Arm Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial Posterior surface of olecranon
(Medial head) and posterior humerus process of ulna

Anconeus Arm Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral surface of olecranon and

(posterior surface) superior part of posterior
surface of ulna
Pronator teres Forearm Humeral head: medial epicondyle Midway along lateral surface of
(Humeral head) Anterior of humerus radius
(Superficial)
Pronator teres Forearm Ulnar head: coronoid process of Midway along lateral surface of
(Ulnar head) Anterior ulna radius
(Superficial)
Flexor carpi radialis Forearm Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal
Anterior
(Superficial)
Flexor carpi ulnaris Forearm Humeral (Superficial) head: Pisiform bone, hook of hamate
(Humeral head) Anterior Medial epicondyle of humerus bone, base of 5th metacarpal
(Superficial)
Flexor carpi ulnaris Forearm Ulnar (Deep) head: olecranon and Pisiform bone, hook of hamate
(Ulnar head) Anterior posterior border of ulna (via bone, base of 5th metacarpal
(Superficial) aponeurosis)
Palmaris longus Forearm Medial epicondyle of humerus Distal half of flexor retinaculum
Anterior and palmar aponeurosis
(Superficial)

Flexor digitorum Forearm Humeroulnar head: medial Bodies of middle phalangeal

superficialis Anterior epicondyle of humerus, oronoid, bones of medial four digits
(Humeroulnar head) (Intermediate) process of ulna, ulnar collateral
ligament
Flexor digitorum Forearm Radial head: superior half of Bodies of middle phalangeal
superficialis Anterior anterior radius bones of medial four digits
(Radial head) (Intermediate)

Flexor digitorum Forearm Proximal 3/4 of medial and Palmar base of distal phalangeal
profundus Anterior anterior surfaces of ulna and bones of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th
(Deep) interosseous membrane digits

Flexor pollicis Forearm Anterior surface of radius and Palmar base of distal phalanx of
longus Anterior interosseous membrane thumb
(Deep)

Pronator quadratus Forearm Distal fourth of anterior surface of Distal fourth of anterior surface
Anterior ulna of radius
(Deep)
Brachioradialis Forearm Proximal 2/3 of lateral Lateral side of distal end of
Posterior supracondylar ridge of humerus radius
(Superficial)

Extensor carpi Forearm Distal third of lateral Base of 2nd metacarpal and slip
radialis longus Posterior supracondylar ridge of humerus to 3rd metacarpal
(Superficial)

Extensor carpi Forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus Base of 3rd metacarpal and slip
radialis brevis Posterior to 2nd metacarpal
(Superficial)

Extensor digitorum Forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansions of medial

Posterior four digits
(Superficial)

Extensor digiti Forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of 5th digit
minimi Posterior
(Superficial)

Extensor carpi Forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus and Base of 5th metacarpal (dorsal
ulnaris Posterior posterior border of ulna aspect)
(Superficial)

Supinator Forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus, Lateral, posterior, and anterior

Posterior radial collateral and anular surfaces of proximal third of
(Deep) ligaments, supinator fossa, and radius
crest of ulna

Abductor pollicis Forearm Posterior surface of ulna, radius, Base of 1st metacarpal
longus Posterior (Deep and interosseous membrane
"Outcrop")

Extensor pollicis Forearm Posterior surface of middle third Dorsal base of distal phalanx of
longus Posterior (Deep of ulna, interosseous membrane thumb
"Outcrop")

Extensor pollicis Forearm Posterior surface of radius and Dorsal base of proximal
brevis Posterior (Deep interosseous membrane phalanx of thumb
"Outcrop")

Extensor indicis Forearm Posterior surface of ulna and Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Posterior (Deep interosseous membrane
"Outcrop")
 INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY MAIN ACTIONS

Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches Supinates forearm; in suppination:

(C5, C6) of brachial artery flexes elbow joint; flexes shoulder
joint (short head resists dislocation
of shoulder)
Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches Supinates forearm; in suppination:
(C5,C6) of brachial artery flexes elbow joint; flexes shoulder
joint (short head resists dislocation
of shoulder)
Musculocutaneous nerve Radial recurrent Flexes forearm at elbow at all
and radial nerve (C5, C6) artery, muscular positions
branches of
brachial artery
Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
(C5, C6, C7) of brachial artery
Radial nerve (C6, Branch of profunda Extends forearm at elbow; long head
C7, C8) brachii artery stabilizes head of abducted humerus
and extends and adducts arm
Radial nerve (C6, Branch of profunda Extends forearm at elbow; long head
C7, C8) brachii artery stabilizes head of abducted humerus
and extends and adducts arm
Radial nerve (C6, Branch of profunda Extends forearm at elbow; long head
C7, C8) brachii artery stabilizes head of abducted humerus
and extends and adducts arm
Radial nerve (C7, Deep brachial Assists triceps brachii in extending
C8, T1) artery elbow; stabilizes elbow joint; abducts
ulna during pronation
Median nerve Anterior ulnar Pronates forearm and weakly flexes
(C6, C7) recurrent artery elbow

Median nerve Anterior ulnar Pronates forearm and weakly flexes

(C6, C7) recurrent artery elbow

Median nerve Radial artery Flexes and abducts hand at wrist

(C6, C7)

Ulnar nerve Posterior ulnar Flexes and abducts hand at wrist

(C7, C8) recurrent artery

Ulnar nerve Posterior ulnar

(C7, C8) recurrent artery
Flexes and abducts hand at wrist
Median nerve Posterior ulnar Flexes hand at wrist and tenses
(C7, C8, T1) recurrent artery palmar aponeurosis

Median nerve Ulnar and radial Flexes middle and proximal

(C7, C8, T1) arteries phalangeal bones of medial four
digits, flexes hand at wrist
Median nerve Ulnar and radial Flexes middle and proximal
(C7, C8, T1) arteries phalangeal bones of medial four
digits, flexes hand at wrist

Medial part: Ulnar nerve Anterior Flexes distal phalangeal bones of

(C8, T1) interosseous artery, medial four digits, assists with
Lateral part: Median muscular branches flexion of hand at wrist
nerve (C8, T1) of ulnar artery

Median nerve (anterior Anterior Flexes phalangeal bones of thumb

interosseous nerve) (C8, interosseous artery
T1)
Median nerve (anterior Anterior Pronates forearm; deep fibers bind
interosseous nerve) interosseous artery radius and ulna together

Radial nerve (C5, Radial recurrent Weak flexion of elbow joint; force is
C6, C7) artery maximum when forearm is in
midpronated position
Radial nerve (C6, C7) Radial artery, Extends and abducts hand at wrist;
radial recurrent extends carpometacarpal joints
artery
Radial nerve (deep Radial artery, Extends and abducts hand at wrist
branch) (C7, C8) radial recurrent extends carpometacarpal joints (brevis
artery is active during fist clenching)

Posterior interosseous Posterior Extends wrist joint, carpometacarpal

nerve (C7, C8), interosseous artery joints; extends medial four
continuation of deep metacarpophalangeal joints,
branch of radial nerve secondary at IP joints

Posterior interosseous Posterior Extends wrist joint, carpometacarpal

nerve (C7, C8), interosseous artery joints; extends 5th finger at
continuation of deep metacarpophalangeal joints,
branch of radial nerve secondary at IP joints
Posterior interosseous Posterior Extends and adducts hand at wrist
nerve (C7, C8), interosseous artery (also active during fist clenching)
continuation of deep
branch of radial nerve

Radial nerve (deep Radial recurrent Supinates forearm; rotates radius to

branch) (C7, C8) artery, posterior turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if
interosseous elbow is flexed)
arteries
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior Abducts and extends thumb at
interosseous) interosseous artery carpometacarpal joint

Radial nerve (posterior Posterior Extends distal phalanx of thumb at

interosseous nerve) interosseous artery interphalangeal and
metacarpophalangeal joints
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior Extends wrist joint; extends proximal
interosseous nerve) interosseous artery phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal
joint
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior Extends wrist joint; extends 2nd digit
interosseous nerve) interosseous artery (permititng independent extension);
helps extend hand at wrist
 MUSCLE MUSCLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT INNERVATI
GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) ON
Abductor digiti minimi Hand Pisiform bone and tendon of flexor Medial side of base of proximal Ulnar nerve
(Hypothenar) carpi ulnaris phalanx of little finger (5th (deep branch)
digit)

Dorsal interosseous Hand Adjacent sides of two metacarpals Base of proximal phalangeal Ulnar nerve
muscles (1-4) (Short muscle) (as bipennate muscles) bones, extensor expansion of (deep branch)
digits 2–4

Flexor digiti minimi Hand Flexor retinaculum and hook of Medial side of base of proximal Ulnar nerve
brevis (Hypothenar) hamate bone phalanx of little finger (deep branch)

Lumbricals Hand Lateral two tendons of flexor Lateral sides of extensor Median nerve
(first and second) (Short muscle) digitorum profundus expansion of digits 2 and 3 (digital
branches)

Lumbricals Hand Medial three tendons of flexor Lateral sides of extensor Ulnar nerve
(third and fourth) (Short muscle) digitorum profundus expansion of digits 4 and 5 (deep branch)

Opponens digiti Hand Flexor retinaculum and hook of Palmar surface of 5th Ulnar nerve
minimi (Hypothenar) hamate bone metacarpal (deep branch)

Palmar interosseous Hand Sides of metacarpal bones 2, 4, Bases of proximal phalanx and Ulnar nerve
muscles (1-3) (Short muscle) and 5 extensor expansion of digits 2, (deep branch)
4, and 5
Palmaris brevis Hand Palmar aponeurosis and flexor Skin of medial border of palm Superficial
retinaculum branch of
ulnar nerve
Abductor pollicis Hand Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of Base of proximal phalanx of Median nerve
brevis (Thenar) scaphoid and trapezium bones thumb (recurrent
branch)

Adductor pollicis Hand Oblique head: bases of 2nd and Base of proximal phalanx of Ulnar nerve
Oblique head (Thenar) 3rd metacarpals and capitate bone thumb (deep branch)
and adjacent bones
Adductor pollicis Hand Transverse head: anterior surface Base of proximal phalanx of Ulnar nerve
Transverse head (Thenar) of 3rd metacarpal thumb (deep branch)

Flexor pollicis brevis Hand Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of Lateral side of base of proximal Median nerve
(Thenar) trapezium bone phalanx of thumb (recurrent
branch)

Opponens pollicis Hand Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of Lateral side of 1st metacarpal Median nerve
(Thenar) trapezium bone (recurrent
branch)
 BLOOD MAIN ACTIONS
SUPPLY
Deep palmar Abducts little finger
branch of
ulnar artery

Deep palmar Abduct digits; flex digits at

arch metacarpophalangeal joint
and extend interphalangeal
joints

Deep palmar Flexes proximal phalanx of

branch of little finger
ulnar artery
Superficial Extend digits at
and deep interphalangeal joints, flex
palmar arches metacarpophalangeal joints

Superficial Extend digits at

and deep interphalangeal joints, flex
palmar arches metacarpophalangeal joints

Deep palmar Draws 5th metacarpal

branch of anteriorly and rotates it to
ulnar artery face thumb
Deep palmar Adducts digits; flexes digits
arch and extends interphalangeal
joints
Superficial Deepens hollow of hand,
palmar arch assists grip

Superficial Abducts thumb

palmar
branch of
radial artery
Deep palmar Adducts thumb
arch

Deep palmar Adducts thumb

arch

Superficial Flexes proximal phalanx of

palmar thumb
branch of
radial artery

Superficial Draws 1st metacarpal

palmar forward and rotates it
branch of medially
radial artery
 Muscle
Muscles of Scapula
Superficial Extrinsic
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Deep Extrinsic
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Muscles of Shoulder (Intrinsic)
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Subscapularis
Muscles of Arm
Biceps brachii

Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii

Anconeus
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Forearm
Superficial (1st) Layer
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep Group
Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus
Posterior Extensor Compartment of Forearm
Superficial group
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
 Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconeus
Deep group
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
Wrist and Hand
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis
Palmaris brevis
Abductor digiti minimi (hand)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
Opponens digiti minimi
Lumbricals 1 and 2
Lumbricals 3 and 4
Dorsal interosseous muscles
Palmar interosseous muscles
 Proximal Attachment (Orgin)

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7–T1
Spinous processes of T7–L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and last three ribs

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1–C4

Nuchal ligament, spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Spinous processes of T2–T5 vertebrae
sic)
Lateral third of anterior clavicle, lateral acromion, inferior edge of spine of scapula
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Infraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia
Upper two thirds of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Subscapular fossa

Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Tip of the corcoid process of scapula
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Lateral epicondyle of humerous
artment of Forearm

Two heads: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

Medial epicondyle of humerus
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus;
Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna
Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: superior half of anterior radius

Medial and anterior surface of proximal three-quarters of ulna, and interosseous membrane

Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Distal fourth of anterior ulna
tment of Forearm

Proximal two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Distal one-third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna (common extensor tendon)
Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna

Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Posterior surface of middle third of ulna, interosseous membrane
Posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid bone and trapezium bone

Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium bone
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium bone
Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones capitate bone and adjacent bones; Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal
Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Pisiform bone, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone
Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones
Sides of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5
 Distal Attachment (Insertion)

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

Medial border of scapula from superior angle to spine

Medial border of scapula at spine of scapula
Medial border of scapula below base of spine of scapula

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Crest of lesser tubercle (medial lip) of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Lesser tubercle of humerus

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Middle third of medial surface of humerous
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Lateral surface of olecranon

Midway along lateral surface of radius

Base of 2nd metacarpal
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, base of 5th metacarpal

Bodies of middle phalangeal bones of medial four digits

Palmer base of distal phalangeal bones of medial four digits

Palmar base of distal phalanx of thumb

Distal fourth of anterior radius

Lateral side of distal end of radius

Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal and slip to 3rd metacarpal
Dorsal base of third metacarpal
Extensor expansions of medial four digits
Extensor expansion of 5th digit
Dorsal base of 5th metacarpal
Lateral surface of olecranon and posterior proximal ulna

Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Base of 1st metacarpal
Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb (1st digit)

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Skin of ulnar border of palm
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger (5th digit)
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
ulnar surface of 5th metacarpal
Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2 and 3
Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 4 and 5
Base of proximal phalanges, and extensor expansion of digits 2-4
Base of proximal phalanges, and extensor expansion of digits 2-4
 Innervation

Spinal root of accessory nerve 11 (CN XI) and C3 and C4

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6–C7)

Ventral rami of C3–C4 and dorsal scapular nerve

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4–C5)
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4–C5)

Anterior and posterior branches of axillary nerve (C5,C6)

Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
Posterior branch of axillary nerve (C5,C6)
Inferior subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
Superior and inferior subscapular nerves (C5–C6)

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6,C7)
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

Median nerve (C6,C7)

Median nerve (C6,C7)
Median nerve (C7,C8)
Ulnar nerve (C7,C8 and T1)

Median nerve (C8–T1)

Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8–T1);

Lateral part: medial nerve (C8–T1)
Median nerve (anterior interosseous) (C7–8)
Median nerve (anterior interosseous) (C7–8)

Radial nerve (C5–C6)

Radial nerve (C6–C7)
Radial nerve (deep branch) (C7–C8)
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7–C8)
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7–C8)
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7–C8)
Radial nerve (C5–7)

Radial nerve (deep branch) (C6–C7)

Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7–C8)
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7–C8)
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7–C8)
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7–C8)

Median nerve (recurrent branch) (C8–T1)

Median nerve (recurrent branch) (C8–T1)
Median nerve (recurrent branch) (C8–T1)
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (C8–T1)
Superficial palmar branch of ulnar nerve (C8)
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (C8–T1)
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (C8–T1)
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (C8–T1)
Median nerve (C8–T1)
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (C8–T1)
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
 Main Action(s)

Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; lower fibers depress scapula

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder

Elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid fossa (cavity)

Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid fossa (cavity)
Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid fossa (cavity)

Clavicular part: flexes and medially rotates arm; Acromial part: abducts arm beyond initial 15 degrees done by supraspinatus; Spinal part: e
Initiates arm abduction, acts with rotator cuff muscles
Lateral rotation of arm (with teres minor)
Laterally rotates arm
Adducts and medially rotates arm
Medially rotates arm and adducts it; helps hold humeral head in glenoid fossa (cavity)

Supinates forearm and when it is supinated, flexes elbow joint; flexes shoulder joint; short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Flexes the elbow joint in all positions

Helps flex and adduct shoulder joint; resists dislocation of shoulder
Chief extensor of elbow joint; long head extends shoulder joint and resists dislocation of humeorus (especially important during abduction

Assists in tricep extending elbow joint; stabilizes elbow joint; abducts ulna during pronation

Pronates forearm and assists with elbow flexion

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist
Flexes hand and tenses palmar aponeurosis
Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

Flexes middle and proximal phalangeal bones of medial four digits; also flexes hand at wrist

Flexes distal phalangeal bones of medial four digits; assists in flexion of hand at wrist

Flexes phalangeal bones of thumb

Pronates forearm

Weak flexion of forearm when forearm is midpronated

Extends and abducts hand at wrist
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
Extends medial four digits; assists in wrist extension
Extends 5th digit
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
Assists triceps in extending elbow; abducts ulna during pronation

Supinates forearm
Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints
Extend 2nd digit and helps extend hand at wrist

Abducts and assists in opposition of thumb

Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
Draws 1st metacarpal forward and rotates it medially
Adducts thumb
Deepens hollow of hand, assists grip
Abducts the little finger (5th digit)
Flexes proximal phalanx of the little finger
Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it to face thumb
Extends digits at interphalangeal joints and flexes metacarpophalangeal joints
Extends digits at interphalangeal joints and flexes metacarpophalangeal joints
Abducts digits from axial line of hand (3rd digit); flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints
Abducts digits from axial line of hand (3rd digit); flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints
Suprascapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery
Subscapular artery, lateral thoracic artery

Anterior ulnar recurrent artery

Radial artery
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery

Ulnar and radial arteries

Anterior interosseous artery and muscular branches of ulnar artery

Anterior interosseous artery

Anterior interosseous artery

Radial recurrent artery

Radial artery and radial recurrent artery
Radial artery and radial recurrent artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Deep brachial artery

Radial recurrent and posterior interosseous arteries

Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Deep palmar arch
Ulnar Artery Superficial palmar arch
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Superficial and deep palmar arches
Superficial and deep palmar arches
Deep palmar arch
Deep palmar arch
MUSCLE MUSCLE GROUP PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
(ORIGIN)
Abductor digiti minimi Hand Pisiform bone and tendon of flexor
carpi ulnaris

Abductor pollicis brevis Hand Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of

scaphoid and trapezium bones

Abductor pollicis longus Posterior forearm Posterior surface of ulna, radius,

and interosseous membrane

Adductor pollicis Hand Oblique head: bases of 2nd and

3rd metacarpals and capitate bone
and adjacent bones

Transverse head: anterior surface

of 3rd metacarpal
Anconeus Arm Posterior surface of lateral
epicondyle of humerus

Biceps brachii Arm Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

of scapula

Short head: coracoid process of

scapula
Brachialis Arm Distal half of anterior surface of
humerus

Brachioradialis Posterior forearm Proximal 2/3 of lateral

supracondylar ridge of humerus

Coracobrachialis Arm Coracoid process of scapula

Deltoid Shoulder Lateral third of clavicle, acromion,

spine of scapula

Dorsal interosseous Hand Sides of two adjacent metacarpal

muscles bones

Extensor carpi radialis Posterior forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus

brevis
Extensor carpi radialis Posterior forearm Distal third of lateral
longus supracondylar ridge of humerus
Extensor carpi ulnaris Posterior forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus and
posterior border of ulna
Extensor digiti minimi Posterior forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor digitorum Posterior forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor indicis Posterior forearm Posterior surface of ulna and

interosseous membrane
Extensor pollicis brevis Posterior forearm Posterior surface of radius and
interosseous membrane

Extensor pollicis longus Posterior forearm Posterior surface of middle third of

ulna, interosseous membrane

Flexor carpi radialis Anterior forearm Medial epicondyle of humerus

Flexor carpi ulnaris Anterior forearm Superficial head: medial

epicondyle of humerus

Deep head: olecranon and

posterior border of ulna
Flexor digiti minimi brevis Hand Flexor retinaculum and hook of
hamate bone
Flexor digitorum Anterior forearm Medial and anterior surface of
profundus proximal 3/4 of ulna and
interosseous membrane

Flexor digitorum Anterior forearm Humeroulnar head: medial

superficialis epicondyle of humerus, oronoid,
process of ulna, ulnar collateral
ligament

Radial head: superior half of

anterior radius
Flexor pollicis brevis Hand Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of
trapezium bone
Flexor pollicis longus Anterior forearm Anterior surface of radius and
interosseous membrane
Infraspinatus Shoulder Infraspinous fossa of scapula and
deep fascia
Latissimus dorsi Shoulder Spinous processes of T7–L5,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest,
and last three ribs

Levator scapulae Superficial back Posterior tubercles of transverse

processes of C1–C4
Lumbrical, first and Hand Lateral two tendons of flexor
second digitorum profundus

Lumbrical, third and Hand Medial three tendons of flexor

fourth digitorum profundus

Opponens digiti minimi Hand Flexor retinaculum and hook of

hamate bone

Opponens pollicis Hand Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of

trapezium bone

Palmar interosseous Hand Sides of metacarpal bones 2, 4, and

muscles 5

Palmaris brevis Hand Palmar aponeurosis and flexor

retinaculum
Palmaris longus Anterior forearm Medial epicondyle of humerus

Pectoralis major Pectoral/ axillary regions Sternal half of clavicle, sternum to

7th rib, cartilages of true ribs,
aponeurosis of external abdominal
oblique muscle
Pectoralis minor Pectoral/ axillary regions Outer surface of upper margin of
ribs 3–5

Pronator quadratus Anterior forearm Distal fourth of anterior ulna

Pronator teres Anterior forearm Two heads: medial epicondyle of

humerus and coronoid process of
ulna
Rhomboid major Superficial back Spinous processes of T2–T5
vertebrae

Rhomboid minor Superficial back Nuchal ligament, spines of C7 and

T1 vertebrae

Serratus anterior Shoulder Lateral surfaces of upper 8–9 ribs

Subclavius Shoulder Upper border of 1st rib and its

cartilage
Subscapularis Shoulder Subscapular fossa

Supinator Posterior forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus,

radial collateral and anular
ligaments, supinator fossa, and
crest of ulna

Supraspinatus Shoulder Supraspinous fossa of scapula and

deep fascia
Teres major Shoulder Posterior surface of inferior angle
of scapula
Teres minor Shoulder Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of
lateral border of scapula
Trapezius Superficial back Superior nuchal line, external
occipital protuberance, nuchal
ligament, spinous processes of C7–
T12

Triceps brachii Arm Long head: infraglenoid tubercle

of scapula

Lateral head: upper half of

posterior humerus

Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial

and posterior humerus
Variations in spinal nerve contributions to the innervation of muscles, their arterial supply, their attachments, and their actions are common th
anatomical variation is normal.
DISTAL ATTACHMENT
(INSERTION)
Medial side of base of proximal
phalanx of little finger (5th digit)
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Base of 1st metacarpal
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Lateral surface of olecranon and
posterior proximal ulna
Radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm
via bicipital aponeurosis
Coronoid process and tuberosity of
ulna
Lateral side of distal end of radius
Middle third of medial surface of
humerus
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Base of proximal phalangeal bones,
extensor expansion of digits 2–4
Base of 3rd metacarpal and slip to
2nd metacarpal
Base of 2nd metacarpal and slip to
3rd metacarpal
INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY MAIN ACTIONS
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar branch of ulnar Abducts little finger
artery
Median nerve (recurrent Superficial palmar branch of Abducts thumb
branch) radial artery
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous artery Abducts and extends thumb
interosseous) at carpometacarpal joint
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Adducts thumb
Radial nerve Deep brachial artery Assists triceps brachii in
extending elbow, abducts
ulna in pronation
Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches of Flexes and supinates forearm
brachial artery at elbow
Musculocutaneous nerve Radial recurrent artery, Flexes forearm at elbow
and radial nerve muscular branches of
brachial artery
Radial nerve Radial recurrent artery Weak flexion of forearm
when forearm is
midpronated
Musculocutaneous nerve Muscular branches of Flexes and adducts arm at
brachial artery shoulder
Axillary nerve Posterior circumflex humeral Clavicular part: flexes and
artery, deltoid branch of medially rotates arm
thoracoacromial artery
Acromial part: abducts arm
beyond initial 15 degrees
done by supraspinatus
Spinous part: extends and
laterally rotates arm
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Abduct digits; flex digits at
metacarpophalangeal joint
and extend interphalangeal
joints
Radial nerve (deep Radial artery, radial recurrent Extends and abducts hand at
branch) artery wrist
Radial nerve Radial artery, radial recurrent Extends and abducts hand at
artery wrist
Base of 5th metacarpal
Extensor expansion of 5th digit
Extensor expansions of medial four
digits
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of
thumb
Dorsal base of distal phalanx of
thumb
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, Ulnar nerve
base of 5th metacarpal
Medial side of base of proximal
phalanx of little finger
Palmar base of distal phalangeal
bones of medial four digits
Bodies of middle phalangeal bones of Median nerve
medial four digits
Lateral side of base of proximal
phalanx of thumb
Palmar base of distal phalanx of
thumb
Greater tubercle of humerus
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Medial border of scapula from
superior angle to spine
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous artery Extends and adducts hand at
interosseous nerve) wrist
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous artery Extends 5th digit
interosseous nerve)
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous artery Extends medial four digits,
interosseous nerve) assists in wrist extension
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous artery Extends 2nd digit and helps
interosseous nerve) extend hand at wrist
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous artery Extends proximal phalanx of
interosseous nerve) thumb at carpometacarpal
joint
Radial nerve (posterior Posterior interosseous artery Extends distal phalanx of
interosseous nerve) thumb at interphalangeal and
metacarpophalangeal joints
Median nerve Radial artery Flexes and abducts hand at
wrist
Posterior ulnar recurrent Flexes and adducts hand at
artery wrist
Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar branch of ulnar Flexes proximal phalanx of
artery little finger
Medial part: ulnar nerve Anterior interosseous artery, Flexes distal phalangeal
muscular branches of ulnar bones of medial four digits,
artery assists with flexion of hand
Lateral part: median at wrist
nerve
Ulnar and radial arteries Flexes middle and proximal
phalangeal bones of medial
four digits, flexes hand at
wrist
Median nerve (recurrent Superficial palmar branch of Flexes proximal phalanx of
branch) radial artery thumb
Median nerve (anterior Anterior interosseous artery Flexes phalangeal bones of
interosseous nerve) thumb
Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Lateral rotation of arm
Thoracodorsal nerve Thoracodorsal artery, dorsal Extends, adducts, and
perforating branches of 9th, medially rotates humerus
10th, and 11th posterior
intercostal, subcostal, and
first three lumbar arteries
Anterior rami of C3–C4 Dorsal scapular artery, Elevates scapula medially,
and dorsal scapular nerve transverse cervical artery, inferiorly rotates glenoid
ascending cervical artery fossa
Lateral sides of extensor expansion of Median nerve (digital Superficial and deep palmar Extend digits at
digits 2 and 3 branches) arches interphalangeal joints, flex
metacarpophalangeal joints
Lateral sides of extensor expansion of Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Superficial and deep palmar Extend digits at
digits 4 and 5 arches interphalangeal joints, flex
metacarpophalangeal joints
Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar branch of ulnar Draws 5th metacarpal
artery anteriorly and rotates it to
face thumb
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal Median nerve (recurrent Superficial palmar branch of Draws 1st metacarpal
branch) radial artery forward and rotates it
medially
Bases of proximal phalanx and Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Adducts digits; flexes digits
extensor expansion of digits 2, 4, and and extends interphalangeal
5 joints
Skin of medial border of palm Superficial branch of Superficial palmar arch Deepens hollow of hand,
ulnar nerve assists grip
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and Median nerve Posterior ulnar recurrent Flexes hand at wrist and
palmar aponeurosis artery tenses palmar aponeurosis
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of Medial and lateral Pectoral branch of Flexes, adducts, and
humerus pectoral nerves thoracoacromial artery, medially rotates arm
perforating branches of
internal thoracic artery
Coracoid process of scapula Medial pectoral nerve Pectoral branch of Lowers lateral angle of
thoracoacromial artery, and scapula and protracts scapula
superior and lateral thoracic
arteries
Distal fourth of anterior radius Median nerve (anterior Anterior interosseous artery Pronates forearm
interosseous nerve)
Midway along lateral surface of Median nerve Anterior ulnar recurrent Pronates forearm and weakly
radius artery flexes elbow

Medial border of scapula below base Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular OR deep Fixes scapula to thoracic
of spine of scapula branch of transverse cervical wall and retracts and rotates
artery, dorsal perforating it to depress glenoid cavity
branches of upper five or six
posterior intercostal arteries

Medial border of scapula at spine of
scapula
Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular artery OR Fixes scapula to thoracic
deep branch of transverse wall and retracts and rotates
cervical artery, dorsal it to depress glenoid cavity
perforating branches of upper
five or six posterior
intercostal arteries

Costal surface of medial border of
scapula
Inferior surface of middle third of
clavicle
Long thoracic nerve Lateral thoracic artery
Nerve to subclavius Clavicular branch of
thoracoacromial artery
Protracts and rotates scapula
and holds it against thoracic
wall
Anchors and depresses
clavicle
 Lesser tubercle of humerus Upper and lower Subscapular artery, lateral Medially rotates and adducts
subscapular nerves thoracic artery arm; helps hold humeral
head in glenoid fossa

Lateral, posterior, and anterior Radial nerve (deep Radial recurrent artery, Supinates forearm
surfaces of proximal third of radius branch) posterior interosseous
arteries

Greater tubercle of humerus Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Initiates arm abduction

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of Lower subscapular nerve Circumflex scapular artery Adducts and medially rotates
humerus arm
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of Axillary nerve Circumflex scapular artery Laterally rotates arm
humerus
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, Accessory nerve (cranial Transverse cervical artery, Elevates, retracts, and rotates
and spine of scapula nerve XI) dorsal perforating branches scapula; lower fibers depress
of posterior intercostal scapula
arteries

Posterior surface of olecranon Radial nerve Branch of profunda brachii Extends forearm at elbow;
process of ulna artery long head stabilizes head of
abducted humerus and
extends and adducts arm

r attachments, and their actions are common themes in human anatomy. Therefore, expect differences between texts and realize that