University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE II: BASILICA DE SAN ANTONIO PADUA is a 7-

Gothic Architecture (Part Two) domed pilgrimage church.
By: Archt. Chris Luna, uap

Late Mediaeval Architecture in Italy

The conflicting influences of Gothic, Roman,

Greek, Byzantine & Moslem produced a peculiar
blend of Medieval Architecture.

General Features of Churches

1. Flatness of roof
2. Screen wall of the west façade masks
the aisle roof
3. Circular window of the west front
4. Absence of pinnacles and flying
Buttresses
5. Stripes of colored marbles instead of S. GIOVANNI e PAOLO, Venice is a Dominican
mouldings church with beautiful brickwork
6. Small windows without tracery
7. Occasional frescoes & mosaics

EXAMPLES:

North Italy:

MILAN CATHEDRAL (14th-19th cent.) is the

2nd largest Gothic cathedral in the world, next to
Cathedral of Seville, Spain.

S. ANDREA, VERCELLI (1219-1227) by

Cardinal Guala Bicchieri, is closest in spirit and
form to the French gothic style

The cathedral is the largest medieval cathedral

in Italy & can accommodate 40,000 people.

More than 50 architects took part in the

construction of the church in a span of 5
centuries.

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The whole scheme of columned & pointed

arches with a combination of carved capitals &
long horizontal line of open tracery is a unique
design of Venetian Gothic.

CA D’ ORO, Venice (1424-36) was designed

by Giovanni & Bartolomeo Buon

S. ANDREA’s façade is finished with grey-green

stones.

DOGE’S PALACE (1309-1424) was designed

perhaps by Filippo Calendario.

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Central Italy:

FLORENCE CATHEDRAL (1296-1462) was

designed by Arnolfo di Cambio

FLORENCE CATHEDRAL baptistery is

octagonal in plan with an internal dome.

SIENA CATHEDRAL is one of the most

stupendous undertakings since the building of
The exterior of Florence Cathedral is faced with
Pisa cathedral.
polychrome marble panels in various shades of
green and pink bordered by white.

SIENA CATHEDRAL’s Piccolomini Library

houses the precious illuminated choir books and
The FLORENCE CATHEDRAL Campanille was frescoes painted by the Umbrian Bernardino di
initially designed by Giotto & later by Andrea Betto, called Pinturicchio, probably based on
Pisano & Francesco Talenti. designs by Raphael.

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ORVIETO CATHEDRAL was designed by S. CROCE, Florence is a Gothic version of a

Arnolfo di Cambio. basilican church by Arnolfo di Cambio.

Southern Italy and Sicily:

MESSINA CATHEDRAL (1117) was begun

S. MARIA NOVELLA, Florence is the city’s during the time of King Roger.
principal Dominican church & the first great
basilica in Florence . It was designed by Fra
Sisto & Fra Ristoro. The façade was later
designed by Leon Battista Alberti in the
renaissance style.

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The bell tower holds one of the largest The Cathedral of Palermo was turned into a
astronomical clocks in the world, built in 1933 by mosque by the Saracens after their conquest of
the Ungerer Company of Strasbourg. the city in the 9th cent.

PALERMO CATHEDRAL is characterized by the

presence of different styles, due to a long history
of additions, alterations and restorations, the last
of which occurred in the 18th cent.

GOTHIC IN CENTRAL EUROPE:

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER:

Every day at midday the figures are set in

motion and show scenes from the history

PALERMO CATHEDRAL (1185) was erected

by Walter Ophamil.

‘Hall Churches’ are special characteristics of

German Gothic, with naves & aisles
approximately of the same height without the
triforium & clerestory.

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FREIBURG MINSTER had started around 1200

in Romanesque style & continued in 1230 in
Gothic style.

Hall Church

EXAMPLES:

COLOGNE CATHEDRAL (1242) is the largest

Gothic church of N. Europe (8,400 sqm.)

REGENSBURG CATHEDRAL (1274-1520) was

built with cream-colored limestone and a softer
Its towering spires are 157 m. high. It was the green sandstone
tallest structure in the world from 1880-1884.

It took 632 years to construct the largest

German cathedral.

COLOGNE CATHEDRAL was modeled from

French Gothic cathedrals of Amiens, Chartres
and Reims.

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FRAUENKIRCHE CATHEDRAL is an example

of a ‘hall church’.
ULM MINSTER (1377) is a Lutheran church.
Although sometimes referred to as Ulm
Cathedral because of its great size, the church
is not a cathedral as it has never been the seat
of a bishop.

ST. STEPHEN, VIENNA is a hall church & has

become one of the city's most recognizable
symbols. It has been the place of some of
Austria's most historic moments, including
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 1791 Paupers
Funeral.

It was also the tallest building in the world from

1890-1901.

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Secular & Domestic Architecture:

TOWN HALL, Brunswick

A glory of St. Stephen's Cathedral is its ornately

patterned, richly coloured roof, 111 m. long &
covered with 230,000 glazed tiles.

PRAGUE CATHEDRAL, Czech Republic (1344- TOWN HALL, Munster

1929) was built by Mathias d’ Arras and Peter
Parler in the Late Gothic style.

PRAGUE CATHEDRAL contains the tombs of

many Bohemian kings & was the coronation
church of several Holy Roman Emperors.

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TOWN HALL, Ulm TOWN HALL Wien, Austria

TOWN HALL, Cologne

CUSTOM HOUSE, Nuremberg

TOWN HALL Prague, Czech Republic

KAISERWORTH HOTEL, Goslar, Germany

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OLD HOUSE, Braunschweig

OLD HOUSE
Hartz, Germany

Domestic architecture was marked by lofty roofs

which had more storeys than the walls.

TIMBER HOUSES, Erfurt, Germany

GOTHIC IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

They had ‘dormer windows’ for use as ‘drying
ground’ for the large monthly wash.
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
OLD HOUSE, Hildesheim, Hanover, Germany
1. Horseshoe arch
2. Pierced stone tracery
3. Rich surface decoration of intricate
geometrical pattern
4. Excessive ornamentation
5. Cimborio or lantern
6. Retablo and Reredo

EXAMPLES:

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SALAMANCA NEW CATHEDRAL by Juan Gil 'Baixada de Santa Eulalia'). The body of Saint
de Ontayon is a magnificent late Gothic church. Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt.

AVILA CATHEDRAL is a fortress-like cathedral

adjoining the famous medieval walls of Ávila.

BARCELONA CATHEDRAL’s roof is notable

for its gargoyles, featuring a wide range of BURGOS CATHEDRAL is the most poetic of all
animals, both domestic and mythical. the Spanish Cathedrals.

LEON CATHEDRAL (House of Light) is a

masterpiece of the Gothic style dominating the
mid-13th cent. by master architect Enrique

The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of

Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona, a
young virgin who, according to Catholic tradition,
suffered martyrdom during Roman times in the
city. One story says that she was exposed
naked in the public square and a miraculous
snowfall in mid-spring covered her nudity. The
enraged Romans put her into a barrel with
knives stuck into it and rolled it down a street
(according to tradition, the one now called

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SEVILLE CATHEDRAL is the largest Mediaeval

Cathedral in Europe, with the exception of St.
Peter’s, Rome. It houses the tomb of
Christopher Columbus.
VALENCIA CATHEDRAL has the Catalan
version of Gothic. It has a mixture of artistic
styles, ranging from the early Romanesque to
Renaissance which makes it a jewel of universal
architecture.

TOLEDO CATHEDRAL, Toledo, Spain, is

ranked among the greatest Gothic structures in
Europe. GERONA CATHEDRAL, Cataluña was an 11th
cent. Romanesque style church, and later
continued in the 13th cent, in Gothic style

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Secular Architecture: TORRES DE SERRANOS is a gateway in the

LA LONJA DE LA SEDA, Valencia (Silk
Exchange) was founded in 1469 as a market for
oil. It was designed by Pedro Compte, Juan
Yvarra & Johan Corbera. It was declared World
Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996.
defensive wall in the late Middle Ages. It was
built by Pere Balaguer in the 14th cent. to
defend one of the busiest points of access to old
Valencia.

GOTHIC IN THE NETHERLANDS:

PUERTA DEL SOL (Sun Gate), Toledo is a
gate in the old city of Toledo. The medieval states today is divided between
the Kingdom of Belgium & the Netherlands, the
latter popularly called Holland.

Belgium has marbles, limestone, sandstone and

granite.

In Flanders, clay is abundant which produced

beautiful brick architecture

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EXAMPLES: ST. GUDULE (1352-1520) is a masterpiece of

Gothic architecture and the largest church in
ANTWERP CATHEDRAL (1352-1521), a Benelux.
masterpiece of lace work in stone in late
flamboyant gothic by its architect Jean
Appelmans (Jean Amel de Bolougne)

ANTWERP CATHEDRAL is remarkable for its

great width (a nave flanked by triple aisles).

TOURNAI CATHEDRAL belongs to 2 different

styles: Romanesque nave & transept (12th
cent.) and Gothic choir (13thcent.).

TOURNAI CATHEDRAL was built largely of

black Tournai marble. It was inscribed on the
UNESCO List of World Heritage in 2000

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UTRECHT CATHEDRAL is an example of a The TOWN HALL, Bruges was built in late
French Gothic in Holland. Gothic (1376-1421) & is a proof of the town's
wealth in the 14th cent.

TOWN HALL, LEUVEN, built in Brabantine Late

Gothic style between (1448-1469), is famous for
its ornate architecture, crafted in lace-like detail
by Mathieu de Layens.

ST. JOHN,‘s-HERTOGENBOSCH (1370-1559)

is the height of gothic architecture in Brabant,
Netherlands

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The TOWN HALL, Brussels (15th c.) was built
by Jakob van Thienen.
TOWN HALL, GHENT
The late Gothic right side was built by Rombout
Keldermans and Dominik van Waghemakere
from 1482-1539. The left side, which is simpler
and more classical, was constructed in 1635.

TOWN HALL, MIDDELBURG (1412-1599) by

the Keldermans in Flemish- Brabantine Gothic

The belfry is by Jan van Ruysbroeck, 90m high,

a marvel of grace.

TOWN HALL, OUDENAARDE (1526-1537) was

built by Hendrik van Pede.

NOTHING FOLLOWS

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