02207 020 I CAPE/MS 2oO9

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

A.DVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

I'NIT2-PAPER02
MARK SCHEME

2009
 B]OLOGY
UNIT 2 PAPER 02
I'4ARK SCIIEME
20c9

IIIODIILE L

SECTION A

Ouestion I

(a) KC UK xs
Gerrninating seeds placed in t.he Experinent.al
T\rbe absorbed (used) o, and releas.i--cii-]...
a carbon dioxide release-d i"_ ,.*ol.r.JiJloau
rime hence in any crr:.no." -i i l';:r",::^"I."::a
.rhe respi
volume
ioili."i' r "ilyE:. ;::S:. ij,.,BE". j"
i;
of O, used. "
9l3ig": in_Lhe
manomerer fluid to riseofon
volume s,as (o,) caused rhe
-,
Th.e. dif ference in the.levels
cf," i.f i-"-*
rruad was used Eo est imate Eh" of the manomeEer
oxygen used . ,;il;-;;,,,-
Periodically Ehe s\.rir
reep *re mii;;;J,i:lgi
Before making readino 3:;.:..fl1:"""u ."
mate rr,e-.ip;.;il;'IY;-Ei!n|n" svrinse to
1l: y:I.*:incervils
specific
of o, absorbed is recorded aE
over a period of time.
TDoilts-Gaa.rks 6
o l)olDts - 5 tlarts
.., - J_ lro.r.uts _4 narks
it)oiats-3narks
zDoiEts_2rlarhs
1.Doiat_1nark
(b)
f^139e aonaraEus
conduct in a waEer bath
experimenr
"t aiii"ilil Eemperatures.
1 t2oiat - .1eark
(c) D€carborrylation React ioas
2

o A11 Ehree labels for C shovrn

correctLy
. 1 - 2 fabels shown correctly 2 Earks
1 Dark
Dehlaaroge[at ioa Reactiors
A11 5 Hs shoh,n correctly
3- 4Hs 3. narks
1- 2Hs 2 llarhs 3
1 nrark
 3

02207 a20 / CAPE/t(s / 2oog

BIOLOGY
T,INIT 2 _ PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
2009

OuestioE 1 cont,d

KC UX xs
(c) (ii) Matrix of mitochondrion l nark 1
(iii) NAD is Ehe carrier (accept.or) of the
hydrogen ions and electrons released in the
cycle
NID is reduced (accepts) hydrogen ions and
elecErons released in the cyc.Le
ElecErons on NA-DH are carriEd Eo the
elecEron transport t.o produce ATp
Aay poiat rell oElrlaitled - 2 narks 2
Partly o<rrlaiaed 1 rnark

6 4 5
 jr.LU1JUGY
L]}IIT 2_
PAPI]R 02
MARK SCHEME
200 9

Ouestion 2

xc UK xs
(a) SE tura-l Fea tu-res
ruc
. Tubular rn shape
. Formed by fusion of several
. fofr. long tubes known as vesselsceLls
(elongated)
. Cells fuse (alignerl) end to
end
o End walls have perforat.ion plates
. Have thickened wal1s
. walls impregnaced rrrith lignin
. Pits (areas wiEh no ligmin) presenE
AnI, 4 features described 4 marks
4
j featu=es described 3 trarks
,':::H:: :::::i3:i ? H:I.
(b) .
Iulrular- shape facilitates movement
nateri a1s of
. Fusion of end wafls_ forms
movement of ma terial a long tube tor
. Vessels are emDtv
rh;;;i;.;' ;"=It;1. J:il:"noocon r enrs )
fl ow
. Vessels are Long, facilitates
. presence of lisrnin_makes movemerrt
vesset
prevenrs wafts from corrapJinJ-u;il;*Ji"Jinia,
.-
pressure
. presence of pics ar?b1g: hrater movement from
vessel to vessel
i"ai,ia"ir ";;;;i";"ig)illSErSt' bubbles ro
_

. perforation pfates enable

treely water Eo flow

A.uy 3Doints exDlaiued _ narks

2 points exglained _ 33 Darks 3
(c) {i) Labels r Dornt ex5rlaiaed _ 2 [arks
A Blood
B l.Tica, media (smooth muscle
r rbres ) and elasEic
C EndoEhelium (Eunica inEima)
D Tunica eterna (coL faqen- iibres )
3-{ Labe]. s
1- 2 labets correctly ideBtif,ied
correctly identified 2 rnarks 2
1 mark
 5
o220't o20 / :APE /rls / 2oo9
BIOLOGY '
UNTT2_PAPER02 :
MARK SCHEI4E i
2009 j
i
Ouestion 2 copt,d 'x

:
KC UK xs
(c) (ii) Drawing a p-lan diagram 1 mark .j
c
Draw x2 I. uark E
Major tissues shown 1 Dark -!
CorrecE proport.ion 1 mark 5
E
Ti r1e 1 Dar,r ,:
f
n

(iii) AcEual width correcr l. nark 1 ,1

6 3 6 :$
3
4
.{
I
.*
s

J
:,
'*
*
ta
q
.s

d
I
€
:r
*
E
*
*
's
i5
d
--€

+
l1
:*
 !]IOI,OGY
L]IIIT 2 PAPER 02
I'I,ARK SCHEME
2009
Ouestion 3

KC UK xs
(a) (i)

450

400

3s0

Number 300
of
users
250
.F&/
gEA
2N ,&&/
gBA em
..ry/Oi

1s0

I
100
H
lffi
50

.LrEu ,48/
vPA u*rd
Alcohol Tobacco Cannabis Tlanquilizers Stimulants
Substances -
(a) (i) Bars dra!.n correctly _ 1 mark
:.i"#i Female bars for
eacb substance touchins
Bars for Ma].es and Females ideutified _ 3
1 :uark
Total 3 Earks
(ii) I'lore males than femal€s use these
substances
. The grreaLesL use by both males
is of alcohol followed by tobu.J.,-and fena.Ies
-".',*,
. Many persons use more than
. one
only in relation to_ tranquili="." "rb"aaar""
females use than ma tes Ao *o."
. Six tjmes as many mafes use alcohol
cannabis;f or f emal -;l;;".."as use
"
o For each caLeqorv rrfessubstance
ir_ is 1a
followed tt" i..e , the lrena
r".ur"",, *,ei"";; i:t;$;":";r??l::":: t..
 7
02207 020 / CAPE/MS / 2 00 9

BIOLOGY
UNI'J]2_PAPER02
MARK SCHEME
2009

Onestiotr 3 co!.t'd

KC UK xs
(a) (ii) . As many males as fernales use st.imulant.s
. RelaEively more mafes use cannabis than
femaLes while more males use Tranquilizers
. cender differences for the other subst.ances
(alcohol , t.obacco and stimulant.s) were not
as significant as for cannabis and
tranquilizers.
1 roark for eacb of 3 Doilta extrlaiaed 3

(b) (i) FaEty lj.ver - in presence of alcohol liver

metabolises alcohol before fatEy acids which
then accunulates
'Prolonged accumulaCion of faEty acids can
lead Eo death of liver cells and formation
of scar tissue (fibrosis) and then to
cirrhosis
In paEienEs with chronic hepatitis C
accelerates progrression to cirrtlos is
Hepat.iEis C infecEed patients who drink
heavily are more li.kely to develop cancer at
a younger age .

2 larks for each of 2 DoiEEs rell e*D1aia6d

rf diEeases coaditioa sreatiosed aloue 4
rithout exDlaaat:to!, 1 Dark
(ii) . May resulE in foeEal alcohol slmdrorne
. Mental retardaEion
. Microcephaly (snal1 head/brain)
. Behavioural problems such as h)peractivity
and poor concentration
. Reduced growth raEe
. Poor nuscle tone
. FIaE face, Ionq thin upper 1ip, short
upEurned nose or clefE palate
Any 1 1 mark 1

(c) . collect daLa on quanEity and frequency of use :l

i-:
. Collect and correlate with data on patterns
of diseases associaEed with use of these
subsEances
c Collect and correlat.e with data on relevant
socj.al- problems such as abuse, unemplol.ment -!.j
t
Any 2 point.s well explaj.ned - 2 ma.rks each 4
PoiEt mentioned witshouc explanaeioq - 1 mark
 tsIOLOGY
LTI.JI 2 PAPER 02
MARK SC}iEME
2009

Ouestioa 4

KC UK xs
Ecosystem biotic cornmuni ty and its abiotic
envir:onmenE e.g. the frogrs,
plant.s and the pond wat.er in fishes
which
and
they live
Eco1ogical nicbe - roLe played by each biotic
component in the ecosystem e.g
h,haE each feeds on, cire
Lempel:ature at which it
fLouri_shes best etc. Each
species has a unique niche
Eacb terD well orSrlaiued lcitb exam4rle _ 2 marks
Each ter:m weJ.l e:<t lained witbout eia-1lfe-_-f 4
n rt
(b) . Of the food consumed,, l/5 may be used
grolrth; rest. passed ouE as fieces-oi-uledfor
ce11ular respirataon for
Energry produced by respiration is lost f
ecosystem as heaE rorn an
. Enerqry constantl-y enters the ecosystem as
so_lar radiation which plants ,i"-lJ"i"f."
thaE..animals eat and diains .;;t ;; ^** t""a
z:espiraEory loss
. Energry has Eo be constantly supplied
. gf en9-r9rV can ftow rhrough because ir
fyn?rr
rs r-nexhaustibLe but supply of 6temic"r--
elemenrs is limited so iirey ;;"-:;;i;;'
. 9rfy chemical energy. Lhat. is as growth
is available or usi Ey secondary "rorld
consumers
1 nark for each of a-uy 4 DoiEts
4
(c) (i) In situ = in natural env.LronmenE
Examples of in si cu conservaE ion
parks and protecEed areas - naturaL
Ex situ = in specially prepared envaronments
Examples of ex situ conservac ion
bocanical gardens, seed banks - zoos,
each correct defiuitioa rith er(anlrle
1 urark 2
 9
02201020 /CAPE/MS / 2oOg
BIOLOGY
UNIT2-PAPER02
MARK SCHEME
2009

Ouestion 4 cont,d

KC I'K xs
(ii) zoo].ogical parks
For capEive breeding Eo preserve the geneEic
stock of EhreaEened species so that Ehey can be
re-inEroduced into the wild when conditlons
favor it.
Need Eo avoid in-breeding since only few
individuals of the species are presEnE since
Ehis weakens Ehe stock
Transport. of stock for breeding is expensive
and has no gu.arantsees of success - may need Eo
use artificial insemination.
Need Eo address issue of overcrowding due Eo
longer life if return to wild is not
successful ,
Lessons for livingr in the wild may noE be
learned in capt.ivity
Many behaviours learned in capt.iviEy e.g. beingf
fed are not appropriaEe for living in Ehe wild.
For eacb of aDy 5 Doirts re11 explaLaed = 1 nark 5

5 9
I
 b I \-r!t'r\r I
UNII'2-FAPER02
,UARK SC}IEI{E
2009

ouestion 5

KC UK xs
(a) (i) Hormones a::e chemical messenqers produced by
ductless/endocrine glands
Detectors sense chanqe in some parameLer
lnfo is Eransferred to an effeccor which uses
a feedback mechanism to return the parameEer
to its normal 1evel.
Hormones Eake information from det.ect.or to
effecEor.
Release of hormones may be in response to
change in concentration of a part.icular
substance in the blood e.g. glucose
Release nay be in response bo presence of
another hormone in the blood e.g. anEerior
pituitary sEimulaEing hormones -
Rel-ease may be due t.o stj,mulaEion by neurons
from aut.ononic nervous syst.em e-g. adrenalin
re] ease .
Timing and amounE of release controlled by
feedback mechanism that night be posiEive or
negative -
1 mark for each of aay 5 goints weJ'l er;llaiaed 5
5 narks
(ii ) . Induces florvering in some pfanLs
. Releases buds and seeds from dormancy
. crowth inhibiEor in some circunstances
o Can promore abscission of fruits and leaves
. Non-receptiviEy of targeE ce1Is
1 nark for eacb of aay 2 poiats 2
(b) (i) Ult.rafiltration - movemenE of fiquid out. of
the capillaries into Ehe Bowrnan,s capsule
under pressure
Selective re-absorptsion - the movemenL back
into Ehe blood of only those component.s of
the glomerular filtrate that are useful to
rhe body.

1 uark for each defiaitioE 2

 11
02207 020 /CAPE/ t4S / 2009
BIOLOGY
UNIT2_PAPER02
MARK SCHEME
2009

QuestioD 5 cont'd,

KC UX xs
ProximT coDvoluEe,d, tu.bul€ - sel€ccite t.a-
a.bso4tEion

LongesE and widesE part of nephron and

surrounded by a good supply of capillaries
Single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells with
ext.ensive microwilli thaE form a brush border
on ttre Eubule - tso increase surface area
Outer membrane of cuboidal cells resEs on a
basemenE membrane and folded inwards Eo form a
series of basal channels - Eo increase surface
area
Fluid circulates between long narrow spaces
bett/een neighbouring cells and tshe basal
channels to form links with the network of
blood wessels
cells contain many miEochondria to supply
energry for the movemenE of subsEances against a
concentratj,on gradient
For sach of arf/ 3 DoLDts rr€11 erq)Ia1.[€d - 2 larka 6
PoLnt reutioaed but uot €:q)].aiDed - 1 Dark

7 8
 BIOLOGY
LII.IIT2-PAPER02
I'I-ARK SCIIE].IE
20 09

OuestioE 6

KC UK xs
(a) (i) . Chronic disease
. Group of meEabolic diseases.
. Characterized by high blood sugar (glucose)
leweIs hl4tergrlycaemia )
(

o Results from defects in insutin secretion by

the pancreas
. May occur when the body can not effecfively
use t.he insulin it produces
. May lead to serious damage of many of the
body's systems
. May result in glucose being excreted in the
urr ne .

. S).mptoms include increased or excessive

thirsE/urination/weight loss/faE deplet.ion
ADy 3 features described 3 DoiEts 3
2 features described 2 DoiD,ts
1 features described 1 poiuts
(ii) Factors
. ObesiEy
o Changes in diet
. Pre-natal- malnutrition
.e.Ey otle oqrlaiaed _
AIly oD stated, but Bot exlrlaiaed _2t Earks each
nark eacb
4

(b) Distinction
. NaEural - Acquired by natural means
e.g.
exposure to infections or from colostnms-
. Artificial - Achieved by vaccination (noE
naturally occurring), injecLion oi
antibodies "r,iige.,s o.
Each tt4)e of iwrnraity wdII
o:.ttereBce - 2 marks each described to sb@r 4
Eacb tl4e iuccrqrletely described _ 1 Eark eacb