n

/..2 ffi
1'.. c22o7o2o / capE / HIr 2ot o
L1 :r l,,r :!: r
iilltl I :hitR rt.,
it.F( .; ,:i :.ti.
Que s Lr.on I

:,:.ihL',.; ii'-5 ir.r:...,1I i,,a.s I i:.:

. ;-a!'.';,,f.r - ,i.,r;b'le irL:r.ai riirt./s.r:i. rr j_; _ r ,r I r:, , : . _ . (... , .. , .

LIn-S
. Str,)rt,l- gel-l ile,,rlrcta:l s,.ttsiait:ei:,r,.:.f ins .,q-:i_ja::e i),
.Jr slgLlrs cr orlai!!- a...ils,,s:Ie aI Ilqr:_lr,la,1:.11.;..iit
aeaa r: icns
. 1'n)lrk.)iJs - fluid-filied s]--s/:lrs._l:ke sa.:s/ srie
i tght dependenE react i..lns/Jcvered wl,th chlc.ophy: j.
grirun - consists of srJaked sa,:s/ LOnfCU;7s
jn!ercrdnel i.rmL.l lJ - sheet-like/jcins ttX,/a_*ods
lraila
r i bos.)Des smaII qranules,,protein sy.rLesis/IZOS
-s:ar'-h qra.ins - smali donse gr.nu:r_1s2.r.,.. ei,. i.iy-
iipid drcp.lers - small/Carki), staining/sror"" torr/d
Ci,lcrcpiasc DNA, circular Ln nat,rrelF3ry .-opies p:r-ser,:lS
materi al. /i.nvolved in pho!osynr,hesis

t t-
a.tfa

dIID

- - Ut ldtr^
l-
Ot*ltr,rrX tu'ta*,t ,qbrt-dhd bt *,rq.'
SJ ttta*Od,-n W
20t

Drai tng neat./cl€.r I oark

Any 4 or eorc annotation! 3 Earks
2-3 ar|not Cion. 2 narlr
l a.nnotatron 1 Eark
r Draurng nr th no annotatrons but Hrth 4 or Eore correct
La-b€l s
1 Eark
. 4 Earls
+#+
3-
o22o1o2olc'APE/Ms 2o1o
ffi UNIT
T]

2
I OLO'\,
FIPER 02

r (i1)
t
i',IA.RK SCi] EME

/ /'t'n a/kzz'
L.,,>'L
/ rn L '
- le *'-7"
:' ::i:::::'.::: ::" : :i' ::, :;;.,,' :il,.'"::; :;.:::::'.;."''1'
neected ror r i qnt -o.p" nil ni'' :.L)t' 'on'/si lz a1 TAtfo
cl*'-;ztt 7Aa-z
oS 7Aohs! ntl*is -
1 lark ror any pornc

:"":'., ,t,;"1; ani o1 +t-"- e/Yhnr.l*l , for Irght-

o solr-rbf e enzymes, "ugJtt' otgunic
acids needed
i nde pe nde t, ".. r, o n'.'1 ti ii" A
ca'an ; y r 0-
n
^'tt-t'6oh /
"h"k
1 n rk for rnY Poinc
- 1 [a.rk
If only furtction given for both structures
4 Earlg

(b) (i) . A absorption (uptake) bY PIants

. B nitrification
. c excretion/death/decomPosition
. D nitrogen fixat ion
. E arunoniri catLo^ldecav Hglo"fos i h.o o-/ fgLYlfuf<o-t
. F consumPtion/eating/feeding/ingestion/ru'l/u)t1oo FG
4-6 cotr€ct 3 larks
3 corr€ct 2 [ark!
3 Ear}g
1-2 coEr€cts 1 aark

(ii) .Denitriflcation-denitrlfyingbact,eriaconvertnitrate
or nitrite to nitroqen or nitrous oxide in runoff
. Leaching - anmonrum nitrite and nitrace -IosE
( rrashed awaY)
. Absorp t ion/upta ke of nitrates by pl'ants
2 @xk'
1 Eark fo! erch of lDy tvo Poinlt
1 EAlk
If only tro tayr tt'tcd rith no 'xPlanttioo -
2 Errk!

(iii) Loggin9 or deforestatl-on - ni!rogen in

plant ttssues
r emoved, i ncreasecl Ieachlng
Combu s t- r

on of fossil fuels - nl'LroLls oxldes added

to atrnosphere -
gIobdl warmlng and acld raln'
rY/ lnorqdnrc or
o^.onr" added ro so!I changes sorl chernrsL
organrc fertill zPrs
e +#-=+ @9 /H,+s
 4
02201020 / caPE ,11{s 2010
B l CLOCY
L]N 1'I' 2 PAPER 02
i{\RK SC H EME

. Plantrng of ieguninous croPs

. Ploughing of grazing pastures resulting in washing of f of
nlrrdIes
. Any olher appropriate activiLy e g' Haber process
rndust rial isation and gas emissions

1 tqlrk for ctch of rny 2 Points - 3*rdc! OCf b,*d

2 orxlr.,
If only tro huE rr tctivitia! atlt'd rith no rrPllnrtion -
1 orrk
totrr 15 Earka

)
 0220"1 02 O i CAPL /r{i 2010
ts i OLOGY
UNIT2-PAPER02
MARK SCHEME

Qu€6ti. on 2

ia) (r) Prgcautiona

. ?wo leafy shoots from the sane plant
. c4ct shoo& ea,vlg th t{,.- rnornt;g
. Use two sets of appa::atus and expose them to the s.tr,e
condi t i ons
. Use the same amount of plant material
. Use plants with a fe$, large leaves for ease of covering
. On one plant carefuLly cover the upper surface of the leaf
with tape or vaseline; careful_Iy cover the lower surface of
the leaves on the other p.Iant
. Ensure apparatus is airtight/rubber buns tightly sealed
. Ensure no air bubbles in capi.Ilary tube
. LJse heal thy/undanaged shoots
. A1lov, shoot to equilibrate befole conducting experiment
. Ensure shoot i.s cut under i,{ater
. Shoot nust be cut an angle
. Ensure ]iquid in capillary tube is visibLe
. Ensure tube ca librat ed
. tlunidity must be kept constant
Temperature must be kept constant
;
/'. Cover ienticels, df stem, with vaseline
| /ght t;*ns; bt rrv.-f az- bre corra/atf
I uark for €ach of { pointg rt DarkE
(ii) Lower surface/lo!.rer part of leaf. I aark
(iii) set up but uithout any covering to the leaves
same experlment
same experiment
set up but with both sides covered.
Any one point :
I uark
tl') . light st imulates guard cells which
accurnulate watcr Irom nei,rhba,rrrinq
ce I ls, becoming turgid
. Leftperature _ if high gtomata opens/if .Ior{
stomata rnay r_.lose
ru#=l,:,.U.u9''!.UIreouceoavatlabiIityotHatercan,:..ltlscsl/lnt!,t,r
to close during the day.
. Air/H_ind ,novenaht _ loH speecl stomata
. b.:plct ion of the CO t.ithin leaf,s air opens/hiqh speed opens
spaces as a rcsulr (Jf
Irl,.r r os yn t hes i s
. Hrrrmone ABA (Abscisic Acid) closes stoma.ta
. rhe irrrernal 'Clock, or the Arcadian rhythmsduring. water stress
. ttartr .rvait.rbrtiry in soil _short supply -. of ri" .lro.l ,r.li'
. :.:,t,r rnr.cnsity sto,nata q$ ,)d"

- -_-- slt,na:f,a-;furu-
TI';.:*::
I frctor
1tr"1.;nr.',..i"".
no .t!L
I
3 r.Elr
t' f.,,n*iilt I
t.
I't tl I,f,tt;1r1 "l[w--'- ..
, t.,,1 ,lr, , t 1/t
l, I I n.,l {, f ,t t}\ i (uA,f;r.,!.n . , h', b. nr4,
4Ji
 6-
o220i O2O / C}.FE i US 2 010
BIOLOCY
I]NIT2-PAPERC2
MAR,K SCH EME

((--) (r) x- comPanion cell

Y sieve t ube
l Eark
Both correct
(r r.) -St ructur-d.l di f Ferences
. Y (sieve Lube) has no nucreusr/ribosomes./cyroskere'on/iittie
cytoplasrn/ but these are pre'sent in x (companion cell) '
.Y (Sieve tube) tras fewer/less mitochondria/ER Lhan X ( 'cmpdnion
ceII)
. Y has sieve pores but' such opening not seen in X
. Y has Tlasnds/ca.ltose
j X do<-s rbl
Descriqtion etuY 5fur
. Y dependent on x (Companion cell) for sLrpPort (movemen t of suga rs
and amino acids )
. X connected to y via plasnodesmata hence function as a unrt
a'ry two atluctsural differences 2 oarka
2 larkr 4 Eark!
desc!iPtion
A ! I stvw,it
(iii)
ta) d1gauenc.-s fd"t\t:-ylant)
o Apoplastic route =trnl
. SYmPlasc ic rou te
. Pa I rsade / sPongY/ E rans f e r ceII - ph loem

1 uark
oit}teEarltxer=1!arl3
P1a3lodesDats - IIIOT ! Eout€
aotaL 15 6arks
 i22O1O2O / CAPE/r'$ 2 01C
B rol,ocY
UNIT2-PAPERO2
t'lARK SClI EtsIE

Gues tron 3

la) (i) Defini.cion of hoalth

Absence (treedom from) of Crsease
Presence of mental, social and physical. healLh
Any point clearly arplained = 1 Eark
(ii) :'t Physical - permanent or renporary damage to a part of the
body
Mental - changes to the mind vrhich may or nay noL have a
physical cause/impairrnent of function of
bra i n /psycho Iogi caI

Infectious - caused by invading (parasitic)organism

transferred flom one host (person) to another
Non-infectious - not caused by parasiLe and not
transferred from one host to another
o Deficrency - nutrient deficiency in the d iet
InheriLed - due to inherited genetic faul t ,
EoE each pair t itlt partially correct and Eatciing inforEation
= 1 D..rL.
3 Darka
(ij.i) Protein-energy malnutiition
Although primary cause j.s not an infection by parasires,
the latter could lead to reduced food intake
Phys-ica] factors such as obstruction in the stomach or
physica.l. inability to eat can Iead to protein-enerqy
ma Inu t ri t ion
When the term deficiency i.s used in relation to diet 1t
generally refers to vitamins and minerals and not
protein,
Boundaries between caLrses of diseases are ,.blurred,, r.e.
not clearly demarcated/may faII under additional
categories
1 Dark for sach of 3 pointa r,eL1 erplained 3 narka
(b) (r) [,a r n eaI and lun Ca n r
'--e

L)ramaiic anri -srea(ly incr,:.:se la dedths oler ger r.J,i/

ALnrosr seTertfrilC iriarrrase i n deatl,s over perio.l i: a ,lf
10 4..! I., 1a(t j
!.ri ri y er,.:l-: _irr :r.:as,. it lr dr ih r.jt ) .eaL,,a Cis, i.r,:r
I l! _t,r<'r: j,riis t.: r irt_iea ,lf li.rrr,i i( l. : sh.-)rf
2(jt4 lat .1 .
 E.
j22O1O2O I C}.PE / MS 2010
RIOI,OGY
UN IT 2 EAPER 02
MARK SCHEME

Number of death discinctLy Iess than breast cancer buL

approaching same number towards en't of study (2005)
Any t!,o points - 2 nrrks
Any trend rtell &rcriH 1 Ealk
2 aarL!

Breast Cance r
EarrIy gentle but steady tncrease in deaths over peri'od
lJneven in.."u"a Hith numerous fluctuation in number of
dea ths over period
LeveI of deaths noticeable higher than lung/Iaryngeal
cancer
AIry tHo pointa = 2 4!tka
Any h!€nd t.ell &aoribed = 1 Dark
2 Earka

(ii) . Education and awareness acLiviti'es for breast cancer are

lung
.ran aggressive/effective than for laryngeal and
^oaa
cancer - smaller inc rease
. Routine screening as part of early detection progran for
bleast cancer but not for laryngeal' and lLlng cancer
. relation to
Greater emphasis on prevention proqralune incancer
Breast cancer than for laryngeal and tung - hence
Iess dramatic increase
. for lung/laryngeal
Increase in effects of second hand smoke marketing
cancer/increase srnoking due to increased
. Improved rePorting of Iung/Iaryngeal cancer
. Gender differences increase in the nunber of wonen smokinq
. Breast cancer was al9Jays present in e'romen
1 D.ark fo! €aclt of any 2 tointa U71b a 'naxnu'n
2 @tk'
I
llt-.gr,r+
Q' I )
9u63tion 4

(a) (i) Explanation of te tm

o clycolysis - splitting of gluco3o (6 c sugar) and
converted rnto tro Do1qculo! of pyEuvttc (3C acid)
points
Addi t i ona-l
. oxidalion of glucose to pyruvate
. ATP used to convert sugar(glucose) to two pyruvate
nolecules
. F].rst series of reacEions in the ceIIuIar respiration
p roces s
. Process may be d.ivided j.nCo 3 stages - sugar
phosphor yL at ion, lysis, oxj.dation by dehydrogenation
. For each g.Lucose molecule
- 2 nolecules of ATp used/
- 4 ATP molecules formed (generatedl /
- net yield of 2 ATP molecules
( manu factu red/ produeed /crea ted )
Location
o c.l.ycolysis takes place in the cyEopl.asm of ce.LIs.
. lrplrnation: tar[ rel]. ext ltl'nad to lncl'uda
sp[tting, gluco!., 2 ooJ-cculeg pyruyat€ - 2 E!rk!
Orrly tlplittl'ng ot glucor., or
Conv.rllon ol glucor€ into 2 pyruvrt - 1 D.rk
o Any rddilionrl point - 1 Errk
. Corr.ct location - 1tlttk
{ Etrts
(ii)
. respirat.ion has 3 stages (steps), not represented by
the equation
. amount of energy released (used) by lhe series of
reactions, pathways not represented by Ehe equation
. other molecules (besides Ehose represented in t.he
equation) involved (such as NAD, FAD, molecules in
the Kreb's cycle, enz ymes )
o O; not required for all reactions in process
o several other types of reactions (decarboxyLacron,
phosphory.Lationltake place other rhan just oxidat.ron
reaction suggested by equa t ion

lnlr a pointr - I B!rk!

3 pointt - 3 Etrts
2 pointr - 2 anrhs
l poj,nt -1Erk
tl nrrks
(b) Role of Chlorophyll in Photosynthesis -
t rap ( a bso rbl accepl /ha rve s t ) I ight (l ight enerqy/sunlight )

Or A-bsorbs mainly red and blue violet I ight/particular

HavelengLh of I -[ ghE

Light energy excites ChIoroPhYII molecule (becomes unstable )

pass elect rons (release energy) to an elecEron

accepEor/electron L rans fe r

rol.r !t.t.d 1 urrk

roI. rqll .xPhln.d (2 Point!) 2 Errk!
onlfz on. Point 1 ur:k
3 nrrl(a
(c) sign it icance
NADPHz
. supPlies electrons for redua! ion/ involved in reducEion
reaction/reducing Power
. Calvin cycle of photosynLhesis the roduction of glyc'rlte 3 -
pholphato to giyceraldehyde 3 - PhosPhate requiles electrons
fTOM NADPH.
ATP
. Used as a lourca o! snargy for reactions (energy currency)
. rsg.n€rttion of ri-bulolo bilPhotPhlta requires energy from
ATP

Eor each Eolocul. tignificlrlc€ ,e1loxpl.in€d-2Earks

fncoqrleta - 1 rorrk
{ aarks
 - il-
022O1O2O ICAPE/ MS 20i0
B I OLOGY
UN IT 2'PAPER 02
MARK SCH EME

Quertion 5

i.r) ii ) Annotat icns for st ruc:ure oI neurone

( ()/r l'a, n clEll b!-dy: contains,nucleus/organelLes/Ni.ssl's

ll v o'/er's --.--'7
t,y a,", i4 "ii;'.77i,'8 ;ii 6\Ei: i :;i);; ):
.??"u 1.. a rt/ i et
i i'ili,;, t 17
4rwf iDt-a''
AYon: Extended out of ceiL bocty,lveiy long/nerve
(Otr fibre
Qhl /a-fiq -o tJr ,ul /jr/
ttJ
. Myel.in sheach: Eound along axon/ surrounds axon/consists of
"3r( -,1,2; farry mar.erial and prorein/ ios!++ot.flon - *f
"f
Schwann u-e.ll.' surface wraps around axon/nucleaEed/envelops

._"L(
o
*, of Z: :,:
tu_
Node
^
??Wf1W 7
k
!.1 Ranvier: Intervals alof,g axon/ r,ith
sheaE
t t" J. m us * L .--
1 rno myelin
^ -
h/ (benearh Schwann cells).
4,- /. o.^-/

. OendriEes: tree-Ij.ke branches /connect ed to ceII connect

with oEher neurons body/fine branches/Hith
synaptic knobs
Synaptic knobs - Axon Termi n aIs/ swolLen endings/gaps across
Hhich nerve impu Ise pas s" s /coalaia! natao/>a+cm) fi.
on does
vh€+h€f--Ir+.Iio3t.d.
2 la.rkr foE diagEu - 1 Drtrl for acctr.racy, 1 Bral. for n.atrer! of
dr.ring.

ryn+lk hJta -
pas on mglltat
daidil.r -
I!(!ra ranBrltd
(dl b(d,
noda ol nu<Lur ol l'l}din rh..th
S.rnaJln (.1

+--
dra<ton ol n.fia rnpuli.

xa,r, (r0 body

llli,
9r.ou16

a
o
I

2 aarta for ditgr..! - 1 lrrl for .ccuarcy, 1 lest for nertnaat of

&rring.

,tn 9tk hfrt -

lEt! on trnFrllar d.rdil.. -
.$ &r lrl. d! (.I !od,

<--
&a<rron ol aarta rn9Ulta

,aor.: (r{ bod,

at oia and

t!r,
graoul6

a
a
a
 - 12-
02207 O2O / 3APE / HS 2 010
B I OLOGY
tJN L'I 2 FAPER 0.7
MARK SCTiEME

Annotations
lJ
A o. ^o." = 3 Eark6
+-4-.)-3 = 2 oarke
I -1- = 1 aark
OR

MiniEuE of tl labele onlv - I Dark

3-4 a nn*ta k,o<
h.'rr a," .! Zt a"/dt'l)'"2.t- /a pll s , 3 ,o,<,45 rnarka
l-) date h 4 ,^.( n a r!1fo'h.ln-i f /alLl<' -2 ,na,./c s
( ii) Ac,h rs nol broken down

,qcA ro-le in cransmittino inoulse - , Errk

-' /t/4 o l{d t /n *} c r fJa, t,n i k t tn yt " I r e ( rf;y.r1 /a J.,,g [7t.*zn , ss, : ,'
n

r acil remains rn I
nt/tu /se'
"y.,op."
. Eina ao ."."pao.. on post synaptic nenbrane
. continues to stimulatL/9.n..uau nerve impulses /ronhnr.o"n dqo/rzr,r-.
. Cont.inLrous stimulation of musc.l.es hence twitchrng/spasms AZ;, qafl,
consider al.IocaLrng mark tor expranarion of ACH fo ffia1
.-t=cl* f,or €aeh of any 3 p+ints- 4 narkg
//- f ifli+f ,* m-.'Ls
t l^

) r't1
3 irtu-rl5
ro':*: rnc-rl5'
I ltr 'tl ft)rt-/c ,! ,n", *t
 - 1.3-
02207020/ctoPE,/Mri 2010
B I OI.OCY
TJNIT 2 PAPE!i C2
i'{ARK SCH EME

Questj.on 5 coneinued

iL,) (i) N.rvou! ConEroI HorqonaJ,

El.ectri.caI and chemi ca L Chemical transmission

transnission
d{orl t
iJlt t t'.''
TraveI vi.a ner ves,/neu rone'e's TraveL via bLood system
Often short lived response Often Iong tern
or changes response or changes
Response is Ioca I i sed Response may be very
e,ride spread
Pa thwa y 1S specific Pathway not specj. fic
but target is speci fic
Relatively feH Variety cf hormones
n eurot ra n sni t ters produced by di fferent
organs, each hormone
producing a specl fic
e fect
f
Raoid t r ansm.iss ion and Generally s lower
;;z ;; ; 7) ) i""t /
";;7 ;' I;e.y'/eca transmission and f1 .,+
imnl.lid4e t ,
" "o<,n " " / lrz lzs -<, t rk,lt /"-/P,4
t / nt lrlpcLt al ft
Exception j.s adrenaL j. ne

1 Eark for €ach of 2 pgj-nte for both n€rvou! and horoonal contlol
2 Earkg
(ii) Exp].alration of !€l,atsionshil, betl,€€D diab€toa and insulj.n - 1
nark
Diabetes ,qet Iitus due to. maJf unctioning in inqu.l in acrivit/
t^ .ty1su//)L /2@du(4a* /,2n9 a77,'7nZk /r/r,krr',
Reduction itr hor&one production
dcrznyhl.r'
Reduction may be due to'reduction in numbe! of hormone
producing cells/or reducti-on in ability of the ceI ls to p rodu ce
the ho.mone "/r.) S"t/tn
. Failure of t lget c€ILe in the livqr to r€spond norEal-Iy to
horDono
. due to failure to bin.l with receptor sites on the ce.l"I membrane
o arfri+s reduces the permeabi I i ty of the celI membrane and
) gfucose;/ |eaaf-F .t i ntc t<Qc,o-a-, blo J s*r-- /orroll,
rl 91a h n,t .l,hl
,
4./J!?L^
Two uay-s of Ealfunction
t!
(L,t
2 uarka
a />,'Lru' 4.i -'( v 4 {-,/1 ,L
n).
<tr' ( e.. :. One ray - I Eark 1 lark
. Supporting erplanatj.on for any on€ function - 1 Ear'k
4 Barks
Totsal 15 Earks
 14'
02207020 /CAPE / MS 2 010
B IOL'X;Y
UN I'I 2 PAPER 02
I1ARK SC H:ME

Qu€stion 5

id) I6.Eune reaponsa

nr'rfi
d€fonso E€action (u.chrni ,i4,jLo
&,irl,u t-
lreoEl.Dlz "l detept) an j, nv!ding non
solf org!n I i/-airq1ryn/
I
tert wqLl defined tera to lnclude a1I highlighted iordo 2 Earks
incoEpl€to 1 rqarh
ceII acdia ted vs huEora1 iE[uJlc Eesponseg
CeLI mediated responses due to T cells (]ynphocytes);humoral
responses due to B cefls
whole ce11/Ilrmphokines involved in ce11 mediated responses;
antibodies involved in humoral
T cells receptors recognize ( bind to) fragments of antigen
cornpared to antibodies which recognize( bind to) whole antigens

Iera t,€II d€finod 2 rlarka

IncoEpLets 1 lark
Distinction using 2 I)oints 2 aarka
Only one poiDt 1 Eark
4 Da-kg
(b) B C€lIa
!r
a B ce.Ils dev€Iop (from stem cells) in the bon€ [arrot. and remain
there and tratuEe.
(accept that final maturity can occur in spleen)
After leaving bone marrow B cells circulate in blood stream in
search of antigens to remove/get rid ofleliminate antigens.
- us ing an t ibodi es
- produce memory cells
- Iysis, aggluLinat ion etc.
lfqll dissueaed 2 D.alka
incodplet€ 1 DAik
T CoIIB

T (:eLIs (form in lhe bone marr_ow from saem ce]ls) go to the thlEuc
wh€r€ Eaturat.i-on is ,iompleted.
Afrer leaying rh!4nus T celLs pnter bloodsLream and/or miqra.-c ,.,
spleen/iyrnph nodes - to recognize and eliminate (iaenove gei riloi)
Iorej.rn mdtr]riaI (ant igen)via kilter .:eIls/suppressor
(_:.r I i s / r yrxpr-,ok i n.s,/.f
O-ar-aZ.^c
/, z/?.2r/> cedr, B
W€l.I discussed 2 Darks
j.ncoEpl€to 1 Eark

4 EaEks
 15
0220'7 020 /c PE./MS 2010
ts I C) i,a_rc /
UNIT 2 PAPER 02
MARK SCIIE}IE

Question 6 continuod
((:) llh€n on€ b€coEe Pregnant
. NewIy rnplanted embryos Produce (llCG), a horinone whi ch crr:culates in
rhe blood and is excreted in the urine
Pharmaceutrcal companies clone the B ceIIs which p roduce monoc Iona I
antibodies in response to the antigen HCG
Urine (from a woman) is tested wiEh the Preqnancy ki L - strip of
paper Hith (monoclonal HCG antibodies).
If HCC is present a positive test (reading/1ine showrng) is obta rned
suggesting thac Lhe woman is pregnant
Enable cheaP inexPensive testing
ADy 3 pointsE 3 rrarL!
2 pointsg 2 aarks
Onc point L uark 3 narka

(d) Activ€ artificial iEDuni Ly (vacci.nat'ion)

. Antigens fron weakened/attenuated/ki.IIed/vacj.ne orqanisms are

administered
. Ilunune response is stimulated to produce antibodies
. Long tern protection is achieved/menory cells proCuced which
respond raPidly erhen infection occurs
Any 2 pointt - 2 Darka
1 point 1 bark
2 Earka

PasEive Artificial fEEuIi ty

. Antibodies formed in one individual extracEed and given ( injected)

another i. ndi vidua 1
. the natural inunune response is ooE s t imu Ia ted
. proE ec ti on (e f f ect ) i.s shorE lived (2 weeks) but gives irunediate
protection in case of an emergency/no memory cells.

Arly 2 poinEg - 2 E.z.ila

1 point 1 Barh
2 uarks
fotal 15 Earks